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Liu S, He S, Chen C, Li C, Luo W, Zheng K, Wang J, Li Z, He H, Chen Q, Li Y. A Versatile Disorder-to-Order Technology to Upgrade Polymers into High-Performance Bioinspired Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300068. [PMID: 37269485 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer as traditional material has been widely used in the medical and tissue engineering fields, but there is a great limitation as to its inferior mechanical performance for repairing load-bearing tissues. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a novel technology to fabricate high-performance biodegradable polymers. Herein, inspired by the bone's superstructure, a versatile disorder-to-order technology (VDOT) is proposed to manufacture a high-strength and high-elastic modulus stereo-composite self-reinforced polymer fiber. The mean tensile strength (336.1 MPa) and elastic modulus (4.1 GPa) of the self-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) fiber are 5.2 and 2.1 times their counterparts of the traditional PLA fiber prepared by the existing spinning method. Moreover, the polymer fibers have the best ability of strength retention during degradation. Interestingly, the fiber tensile strength is even higher than those of bone (200 MPa) and some medical metals (e.g., Al and Mg). Based on all-polymeric raw materials, the VDOT endows bioinspired polymers with improved strength, elastic modulus, and degradation-controlled mechanical maintenance, making it a versatile update technology for the massive industrial production of high-performance biomedical polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Liu
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng He
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chunwang Li
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan He
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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Zamora I, Alfonso Morales G, Castro JI, Ruiz Rojas LM, Valencia-Llano CH, Mina Hernandez JH, Valencia Zapata ME, Grande-Tovar CD. Chitosan (CS)/Hydroxyapatite (HA)/Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP)-Based Composites as a Potential Material for Pulp Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3213. [PMID: 37571109 PMCID: PMC10421191 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focused on developing new materials for endodontic treatments to restore tissues affected by infectious or inflammatory processes. Three materials were studied, namely tricalcium phosphate β-hydroxyapatite (β-TCP), commercial and natural hydroxyapatite (HA), and chitosan (CS), in different proportions. The chemical characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the composition of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the design and origin of the HA, whether natural or commercial, did not affect the morphology of the composites. In vitro studies using Artemia salina (A. salina) indicated that all three experimental materials were biocompatible after 24 h, with no significant differences in mortality rate observed among the groups. The subdermal implantation of the materials in block form exhibited biocompatibility and biodegradability after 30 and 60 days, with the larger particles undergoing fragmentation and connective tissue formation consisting of collagen type III fibers, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells. The implanted material continued to undergo resorption during this process. The results obtained in this research contribute to developing endodontic technologies for tissue recovery and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Zamora
- Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia; (I.Z.); (G.A.M.); (C.H.V.-L.)
| | - Gilbert Alfonso Morales
- Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia; (I.Z.); (G.A.M.); (C.H.V.-L.)
| | - Jorge Iván Castro
- Laboratorio SIMERQO, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia;
| | - Lina Marcela Ruiz Rojas
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760032, Colombia; (L.M.R.R.); (J.H.M.H.); (M.E.V.Z.)
| | - Carlos Humberto Valencia-Llano
- Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia; (I.Z.); (G.A.M.); (C.H.V.-L.)
| | - Jose Herminsul Mina Hernandez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760032, Colombia; (L.M.R.R.); (J.H.M.H.); (M.E.V.Z.)
| | - Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760032, Colombia; (L.M.R.R.); (J.H.M.H.); (M.E.V.Z.)
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
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Alothman OY, Awad S, Siakeng R, Khalaf EM, Fouad H, Abd El‐salam NM, Ahmed F, Jawaid M. Fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid/natural fiber extruded composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Awad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology University of New England Armidale Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Al‐Maarif University College, Ramadi 31001 Anbar Iraq
| | - Ramengmawii Siakeng
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Eman M. Khalaf
- Pharmacy department Al‐Maarif University College Ramadi Iraq
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Abd El‐salam
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
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A Review of 3D Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Principles, Fabrication Techniques, Immunomodulatory Roles, and Challenges. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020204. [PMID: 36829698 PMCID: PMC9952306 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, biopolymers have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the great diversity of their chemical, mechanical, and physical properties for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. This review is devoted to recent advances in synthetic and natural polymeric 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative therapies. The review comprehensively discusses the implications of biological macromolecules, structure, and composition of polymeric scaffolds used in BTE. Various approaches to fabricating 3D BTE scaffolds are discussed, including solvent casting and particle leaching, freeze-drying, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, electrospinning, and sol-gel techniques. Rapid prototyping technologies such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, and 3D bioprinting are also covered. The immunomodulatory roles of polymeric scaffolds utilized for BTE applications are discussed. In addition, the features and challenges of 3D polymer scaffolds fabricated using advanced additive manufacturing technologies (rapid prototyping) are addressed and compared to conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. Finally, the challenges of applying scaffold-based BTE treatments in practice are discussed in-depth.
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Biswas S, Rashid TU. Effect of ultrasound on the physical properties and processing of major biopolymers-a review. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8367-8383. [PMID: 36321472 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Designing and developing modern techniques to facilitate the extraction and modification of functional properties of biopolymers are key motivations among researchers. As a low-cost, sustainable, non-toxic, and fast process, ultrasound has been considered a method to improve the processing of carbohydrate and protein-based biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, starch, alginate, carrageenan, gelatine, and guar gum. A better understanding of the complex physicochemical behavior of biopolymers under ultrasonication may fortify the eminence of this technology in advanced-level applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in biopolymer processing and the effect of ultrasound on the physical properties of the selected biopolymers. A major focus will be given to the mechanisms of action and their impact on the properties and extraction. At the end, some possible suggestions are highlighted which need future investigation for amending the physical properties of biopolymers using ultrasonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA-70803, USA.
| | - Taslim Ur Rashid
- Fiber and Polymer Science, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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Viscoelastic and Properties of Amphiphilic Chitin in Plasticised Polylactic Acid/Starch Biocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112268. [PMID: 35683940 PMCID: PMC9182625 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of the PLA thermomechanical properties is significant due to its suitability as a replacement for primary synthetic polymer use in diverse industrial production. The amphiphilic chitin was used as a compatibilizer in PLA/starch biocomposite. The properties of plasticised polylactic acid blended with starch, and amphiphilic chitin was studied for enhanced thermomechanical and viscoelastic properties. Chitin was modified using acetylated substitution reaction and blended with plasticised PLA/starch biocomposite. The biocomposite was prepared with combined compression and melt extrusion techniques. The biocomposite’s thermomechanical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis, TGA-DSC, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy. The storage and loss modulus were significantly enhanced with increased amphiphilic chitin content. Similarly, the single peak of tan delta showed good miscibility of the polymeric blend. Additionally, the modulus increases with frequency change from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. The thermal stability of the biocomposite was observed to be lower than the neat PLA. The tensile properties of the biocomposite increased significantly more than the neat PLA, with P4S4C having the highest tensile strength and modulus of 87 MPa and 7600 MPa. The SEM images show good miscibility with no significant void in the fractured surface. The viscoelastic properties of PLA were enhanced considerably with plasticizer and amphiphilic chitin with improved biodegradability. The properties of the biocomposite can be adapted for various industrial applications.
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Olaiya NG, Obaseki OS, Mersal GAM, Ibrahim MM, Hessien MM, Grace OF, Afzal A, Khanam T, Rashedi A. Functional miscibility and thermomechanical properties enhancement of substituted phthalic acetylated modified chitin filler in biopolymer composite. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211411. [PMID: 35706656 PMCID: PMC9156934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The miscibility between hydrophobic and hydrophilic biopolymers has been of significant challenge. This study used a novel simplified chitin modification method to produce phthalic chitin using phthalic anhydride in a substitution reaction. The FT-IR functional group analysis was used to confirm the substitution reaction. The modified chitin was used as compatibilizer in polylactic acid (PLA)/starch biocomposite to enhance its properties. The biocomposite was prepared using melt extrusion and compression moulding technique. The biocomposite's morphological, thermomechanical and water absorption properties were characterized using scanning electron microscope, tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thickness swelling and water absorption test. The FT-IR study shows a successful substitution reaction of the amine hydrogen ion present in the chitin as opposed to substituting the hydrogen ion in the hydroxide group. The tensile and impact properties of biocomposite incorporated with modified chitin showed better results compared with other samples. The SEM images showed uniform miscibility of the modified biocomposite. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed improved modulus value with the incorporation of modified chitin. The thermal properties showed improved thermal stability of the modified biocomposite. Furthermore, the percentage of water absorbed by biocomposite with modified chitin is reduced compared with the PLA/starch biocomposite. The produced biodegradable ternary blend can be used as a substitute for plastics in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo state, Nigeria
| | - O. S. Obaseki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Gaber A. M. Mersal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Hessien
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asif Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri, Marg, SH-57, Mirzapur pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh 247121, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Taslima Khanam
- College of Engineering, I.T. and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Ahmad Rashedi
- College of Engineering, I.T. and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
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Buoso S, Belletti G, Ragno D, Castelvetro V, Bertoldo M. Rheological Response of Polylactic Acid Dispersions in Water with Xanthan Gum. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12536-12548. [PMID: 35474836 PMCID: PMC9026014 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the rheological behavior of stable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) dispersions in water, intended for coating applications, was investigated. The newly prepared dispersion consists of PLA particles with an average diameter of 222 ± 2 nm based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, at concentrations varying in the 5-22 wt % range. Xanthan gum (XG), a bacterial polysaccharide, was used as a thickening agent to modulate the viscosity of the formulations. The rheological properties of the PLA dispersions with different XG and PLA contents were studied in steady shear, amplitude sweep, and frequency sweep experiments. Under steady shear conditions, the viscosity of all the formulations showed a shear-thinning behavior similar to XG solutions in the whole investigated 1-1000 s-1 range, with values dependent on both PLA particles and XG concentrations. Amplitude and frequency sweep data revealed a weak-gel behavior except in the case of the most diluted sample, with moduli dependent on both PLA and XG contents. A unified scaling parameter was identified in the volume fraction (ϕ) of the PLA particles, calculated by considering the dependence of the continuous phase density on the XG concentration. Accordingly, a master curve at different volume fractions was built using the time-concentration-superposition approach. The master curve describes the rheological response of the system over a wider frequency window than the experimentally accessible one and reveals the presence of a superimposed β relaxation process in the high-frequency region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity−Italian National Research
Council, via P. Gobetti,
101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Giada Belletti
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity−Italian National Research
Council, via P. Gobetti,
101, Bologna 40129, Italy
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via. L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via. L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi,
2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity−Italian National Research
Council, via P. Gobetti,
101, Bologna 40129, Italy
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via. L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)/Magnesium Silicate Membrane for Methylene Blue Removal: Adsorption Behavior, Mechanism, Ionic Strength and Reusability Studies. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020198. [PMID: 35207119 PMCID: PMC8878521 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of magnesium silicate (MgSiO3) as a filler on poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) membrane was investigated towards the enhancement of adsorption capacity for removal of cationic dye. The preparation and fabrication of membranes were performed through copolymerization and phase inversion techniques. Analysis of functional groups, tensile strength, morphology and surface wettability were employed in the characterization of the membranes. After the addition of MgSiO3, it was found that the PLA-PEG/MgSiO3 membrane presented a higher hydrophilic property with improved mechanical strength. Next, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with the parameters mass of membrane and initial concentration of MB solution. The effects of pH and ionic strength were also examined to determine the mechanism involved during adsorption processes, which later were found to be electrostatic interaction and ion-exchange mechanism. From the isotherms and kinetics studies, the PLA-PEG/MgSiO3 membrane was well fitted by the Freundlich model and pseudo second order model, respectively. This membrane also demonstrated reusable character of up to six cycles.
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Aworinde AK, Taiwo OO, Adeosun SO, Akinlabi ET, Jonathan H, Olayemi OA, Joseph OO. Biodegradation profiles of chitin, chitosan and titanium reinforced polylactide biocomposites as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2021.1971865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham K. Aworinde
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi O. Taiwo
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samson O. Adeosun
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Esther T. Akinlabi
- Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hassana Jonathan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Odunlami A. Olayemi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O. Joseph
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibre and Enhancement Properties in Biopolymer Composites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175276. [PMID: 34500709 PMCID: PMC8433886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties, such as the fibre dimension and crystallinity, of cellulose nanofibre (CNF) are significant to its functional reinforcement ability in composites. This study used supercritical carbon dioxide as a fibre bundle defibrillation pretreatment for the isolation of CNF from bamboo, in order to enhance its physical properties. The isolated CNF was characterised through zeta potential, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR analysis. Commercial CNF was used as a reference to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties of the bamboo and commercial CNF-reinforced PLA/chitin were also analysed. The TEM and FT-IR results showed the successful isolation of CNF from bamboo using this method, with good colloidal stability shown by the zeta potential results. The properties of the isolated bamboo CNF were similar to the commercial type. However, the fibre diameter distribution and the crystallinity index significantly differed between the bamboo and the commercial CNF. The bamboo CNF had a smaller fibre size and a higher crystallinity index than the commercial CNF. The results from the CNF-reinforced biocomposite showed that the physical, mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties were significantly different due to the variations in their fibre sizes and crystallinity indices. The properties of bamboo CNF biocomposites were significantly better than those of commercial CNF biocomposites. This indicates that the physical properties (fibre size and crystallinity) of an isolated CNF significantly affect its reinforcement ability in biocomposites. The physical properties of isolated CNFs are partly dependent on their source and production method, among other factors. These composites can be used for various industrial applications, including packaging.
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Castro JI, Chaur MN, Llano CHV, Valencia Zapata ME, Mina Hernandez JH, Grande-Tovar CD. Biocompatibility Study of Electrospun Nanocomposite Membranes Based on Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Oxidized Carbon Nano-Onions. Molecules 2021; 26:4753. [PMID: 34443341 PMCID: PMC8400231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the number of patients requiring biocompatible and resistant implants that differ from conventional alternatives dramatically increased. Among the most promising are the nanocomposites of biopolymers and nanomaterials, which pretend to combine the biocompatibility of biopolymers with the resistance of nanomaterials. However, few studies have focused on the in vivo study of the biocompatibility of these materials. The electrospinning process is a technique that produces continuous fibers through the action of an electric field imposed on a polymer solution. However, to date, there are no reports of chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospinning with carbon nano-onions (CNO) for in vivo implantations, which could generate a resistant and biocompatible material. In this work, we describe the synthesis by the electrospinning method of four different nanofibrous membranes of chitosan (CS)/(PVA)/oxidized carbon nano-onions (ox-CNO) and the subdermal implantations after 90 days in Wistar rats. The results of the morphology studies demonstrated that the electrospun nanofibers were continuous with narrow diameters (between 102.1 nm ± 12.9 nm and 147.8 nm ± 29.4 nm). The CS amount added was critical for the diameters used and the successful electrospinning procedure, while the ox-CNO amount did not affect the process. The crystallinity index was increased with the ox-CNO introduction (from 0.85% to 12.5%), demonstrating the reinforcing effect of the nanomaterial. Thermal degradation analysis also exhibited reinforcement effects according to the DSC and TGA analysis, with the higher ox-CNO content. The biocompatibility of the nanofibers was comparable with the porcine collagen, as evidenced by the subdermal implantations in biological models. In summary, all the nanofibers were reabsorbed without a severe immune response, indicating the usefulness of the electrospun nanocomposites in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iván Castro
- Grupo de Investigación SIMERQO, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, 76001 Cali, Colombia; (J.I.C.); (M.N.C.)
| | - Manuel N. Chaur
- Grupo de Investigación SIMERQO, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, 76001 Cali, Colombia; (J.I.C.); (M.N.C.)
| | | | - Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, 760032 Santiago de Cali, Colombia; (M.E.V.Z.); (J.H.M.H.)
| | - José Herminsul Mina Hernandez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, 760032 Santiago de Cali, Colombia; (M.E.V.Z.); (J.H.M.H.)
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, 081008 Puerto Colombia, Colombia
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Mtibe A, Motloung MP, Bandyopadhyay J, Ray SS. Synthetic Biopolymers and Their Composites: Advantages and Limitations-An Overview. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100130. [PMID: 34216411 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, polymer science and engineering research has shifted toward the development of environmentally benign polymers to reduce the impact of plastic leakage on the ecosystems. Stringent regulations and concerns regarding conventional polymers are the main driving forces for the development of renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and environmentally benign materials. Although biopolymers can alleviate plastic-related pollution, several factors dictate the utilization of biopolymers. Herein, an overview of the potential and limitations of synthetic biopolymers and their composites in the context of environmentally benign materials for a sustainable future are presented. The synthetic biopolymer market, technical advancements for different applications, lifecycle analysis, and biodegradability are covered. The current trends, challenges, and opportunities for bioplastic recycling are also discussed. In summary, this review is expected to provide guidelines for future development related to synthetic biopolymer-based sustainable polymeric materials suitable for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanda Mtibe
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Mpho Phillip Motloung
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jayita Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Mohamad SNK, Ramli I, Abdullah LC, Mohamed NH, Islam MS, Ibrahim NA, Ishak NS. Evaluation on Structural Properties and Performances of Graphene Oxide Incorporated into Chitosan/Poly-Lactic Acid Composites: CS/PLA versus CS/PLA-GO. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111839. [PMID: 34199389 PMCID: PMC8199591 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, to fabricate a novel composite consisting of chitosan/poly-lactic acid doped with graphene oxide (CS/PLA-GO), composites were prepared via solution blending method to create various compositions of CS and PLA (90/10, 70/30 and 50/50CS/PLA-GO). Graphene oxide (GO) was added into a PLA solution prior to blending it with chitosan (CS). The surface morphology and structural properties of synthesized composites were characterized using FT-IR, SEM and XRD analysis. The performances of synthesized composites on thermal strength, mechanical strength, water absorption, and microbial activity were also evaluated through standard testing methods. The morphology of 70/30CS/PLA-GO became smoother with the addition of GO due to enhanced interfacial adhesion between CS, PLA and GO. The presence of GO has also improved the miscibility of CS and PLA and has superior properties compared to CS/PLA composites. Moreover, the addition of GO has boosted the thermal stability of the composite, with a significant enhancement of Td and Tg. The highest Td and Tg were accomplished at 389 °C and 76.88 °C, respectively, for the 70/30CS/PLA-GO composite in comparison to the CS and PLA that recorded Td at 272 °C and 325 °C and Tg at 61 °C and 60 °C, respectively. In addition, as reinforcement, GO provided a significant influence on the tensile strength of composites where the tensile modulus showed remarkable improvement compared to pure CS and CS/PLA composites. Furthermore, CS/PLA-GO composites showed excellent water-barrier properties. Among other compositions, 70/30CS/PLA revealed the greatest decrement in water absorption. From the antibacterial results, it was observed that 90/10CS/PLA-GO and 70/30CS/PLA-GO showed an inhibitory effect and had wide inhibition zones which were 8.0 and 8.5 mm, respectively, against bacteria Bacillus Subtillis B29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Kamilah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.N.K.M.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Irmawati Ramli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.N.K.M.); (N.A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-397-696-786
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.C.A.); (N.S.I.)
| | | | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology, Qadirabad, Natore 6431, Bangladesh;
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.N.K.M.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Nor Shafizah Ishak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.C.A.); (N.S.I.)
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15
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Nasution H, Olaiya NG, Haafiz MKM, Abdullah CK, Bakar SA, Olaiya FG, Mohamed A, H. P. S. AK. The role of amphiphilic chitosan in hybrid nanocellulose–reinforced polylactic acid biocomposite. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Nasution
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Niyi G. Olaiya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor 11800 Malaysia
| | - M. K. Mohamad Haafiz
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor 11800 Malaysia
| | - C. K. Abdullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor 11800 Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjong Malim 35900 Malaysia
| | - Funmilayo G. Olaiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Azmi Mohamed
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjong Malim 35900 Malaysia
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Functional Properties and Molecular Degradation of Schizostachyum Brachycladum Bamboo Cellulose Nanofibre in PLA-Chitosan Bionanocomposites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072008. [PMID: 33916094 PMCID: PMC8037354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation and mechanical properties of potential polymeric materials used for green manufacturing are significant determinants. In this study, cellulose nanofibre was prepared from Schizostachyum brachycladum bamboo and used as reinforcement in the PLA/chitosan matrix using melt extrusion and compression moulding method. The cellulose nanofibre(CNF) was isolated using supercritical carbon dioxide and high-pressure homogenisation. The isolated CNF was characterised with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, zeta potential and particle size analysis. The mechanical, physical, and degradation properties of the resulting biocomposite were studied with moisture content, density, thickness swelling, tensile, flexural, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and biodegradability analysis. The TEM, FT-IR, and particle size results showed successful isolation of cellulose nanofibre using this method. The result showed that the physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of PLA/chitosan/CNF biocomposite were significantly enhanced with cellulose nanofibre. The density, thickness swelling, and moisture content increased with the addition of CNF. Also, tensile strength and modulus; flexural strength and modulus increased; while the elongation reduced. The carbon residue from the thermal degradation and the glass transition temperature of the PLA/chitosan/CNF biocomposite was observed to increase with the addition of CNF. The result showed that the biocomposite has potential for green and sustainable industrial application.
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Begum S, Yuhana NY, Md Saleh N, Kamarudin NHN, Sulong AB. Review of chitosan composite as a heavy metal adsorbent: Material preparation and properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117613. [PMID: 33673980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater is typically discharged into water bodies and has extremely harmful effects to aquatic environments. The removal of heavy metals from water bodies is necessary for the safe consumption of water and human activities. The demand for seafood has considerably increased, and millions of tons of crustacean waste are discarded every year. These waste products are rich in a natural biopolymer known as chitin. The deacetylated form of chitin, chitosan, has attracted attention as an adsorbent. It is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be modified and converted to various derivatives. This review paper focuses on relevant literature on strategies for chemically modifying the biopolymer and its use in the removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater. The different aspects of chitosan-based derivatives and their preparation and application are elucidated. A list of chitosan-based composites, along with their adsorptivity and experimental conditions, are compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbah Begum
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noorashikin Md Saleh
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Isolation of Textile Waste Cellulose Nanofibrillated Fibre Reinforced in Polylactic Acid-Chitin Biodegradable Composite for Green Packaging Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030325. [PMID: 33498323 PMCID: PMC7864045 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile waste cellulose nanofibrillated fibre has been reported with excellent strength reinforcement ability in other biopolymers. In this research cellulose nanofibrilated fibre (CNF) was isolated from the textile waste cotton fabrics with combined supercritical carbon dioxide and high-pressure homogenisation. The isolated CNF was used to enhance the polylactic acid/chitin (PLA/chitin) properties. The properties enhancement effect of the CNF was studied by characterising the PLA/chitin/CNF biocomposite for improved mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The tensile properties, impact strength, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the PLA/chitin/CNF biocomposite wettability were studied. The result showed that the tensile strength, elongation, tensile modulus, and impact strength improved significantly with chitin and CNF compared with the neat PLA. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) morphological images showed uniform distribution and dispersion of the three polymers in each other, which corroborate the improvement in mechanical properties. The biocomposite’s water absorption increased more than the neat PLA, and the contact angle was reduced. The results of the ternary blend compared with PLA/chitin binary blend showed significant enhancement with CNF. This showed that the three polymers’ combination resulted in a better material property than the binary blend.
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19
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Arany P, Papp I, Zichar M, Csontos M, Elek J, Regdon G, Budai I, Béres M, Gesztelyi R, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Vasvári G, Haimhoffer Á, Fenyvesi F, Váradi J, Miklós V, Bácskay I. In Vitro Tests of FDM 3D-Printed Diclofenac Sodium-Containing Implants. Molecules 2020; 25:E5889. [PMID: 33322100 PMCID: PMC7764218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising emerging innovations in personalized medication is based on 3D printing technology. For use as authorized medications, 3D-printed products require different in vitro tests, including dissolution and biocompatibility investigations. Our objective was to manufacture implantable drug delivery systems using fused deposition modeling, and in vitro tests were performed for the assessment of these products. Polylactic acid, antibacterial polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, and poly(methyl methacrylate) filaments were selected, and samples with 16, 19, or 22 mm diameters and 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% infill percentages were produced. The dissolution test was performed by a USP dissolution apparatus 1. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide dye (MTT)-based prolonged cytotoxicity test was performed on Caco-2 cells to certify the cytocompatibility properties. The implantable drug delivery systems were characterized by thermogravimetric and heatflow assay, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and Raman spectroscopy. Based on our results, it can be stated that the samples are considered nontoxic. The dissolution profiles are influenced by the material properties of the polymers, the diameter, and the infill percentage. Our results confirm the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing for the manufacturing of different implantable drug delivery systems in personalized medicine and may be applied during surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Arany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Papp
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marianna Zichar
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Máté Csontos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - János Elek
- Science Port Kft., Varró utca 21, H-5300 Karcag, Hungary;
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető utca 2-4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Mónika Béres
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Vecsernyés Miklós
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
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Olaiya NG, Nuryawan A, Oke PK, Khalil HPSA, Rizal S, Mogaji PB, Sadiku ER, Suprakas SR, Farayibi PK, Ojijo V, Paridah MT. The Role of Two-Step Blending in the Properties of Starch/Chitin/Polylactic Acid Biodegradable Composites for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030592. [PMID: 32151004 PMCID: PMC7182811 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research trend for excellent miscibility in polymer mixing is the use of plasticizers. The use of most plasticizers usually has some negative effects on the mechanical properties of the resulting composite and can sometimes make it toxic, which makes such polymers unsuitable for biomedical applications. This research focuses on the improvement of the miscibility of polymer composites using two-step mixing with a rheomixer and a mix extruder. Polylactic acid (PLA), chitin, and starch were produced after two-step mixing, using a compression molding method with decreasing composition variation (between 8% to 2%) of chitin and increasing starch content. A dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to study the mechanical behavior of the composite at various temperatures. The tensile strength, yield, elastic modulus, impact, morphology, and compatibility properties were also studied. The DMA results showed a glass transition temperature range of 50 °C to 100 °C for all samples, with a distinct peak value for the loss modulus and factor. The single distinct peak value meant the polymer blend was compatible. The storage and loss modulus increased with an increase in blending, while the loss factor decreased, indicating excellent compatibility and miscibility of the composite components. The mechanical properties of the samples improved compared to neat PLA. Small voids and immiscibility were noticed in the scanning electron microscopy images, and this was corroborated by X-ray diffraction graphs that showed an improvement in the crystalline nature of PLA with starch. Bioabsorption and toxicity tests showed compatibility with the rat system, which is similar to the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyi Gideon Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.G.O.); (H.P.S.A.K.); (M.T.P.)
| | - Arif Nuryawan
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Peter Kayode Oke
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
| | - H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.G.O.); (H.P.S.A.K.); (M.T.P.)
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - P. B. Mogaji
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
| | - E. R. Sadiku
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0183, South Africa;
| | - S. R. Suprakas
- DST-/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.R.S.); (V.O.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Peter Kayode Farayibi
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.R.S.); (V.O.)
| | - M. T. Paridah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.G.O.); (H.P.S.A.K.); (M.T.P.)
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21
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Islam MM, Shahruzzaman M, Biswas S, Nurus Sakib M, Rashid TU. Chitosan based bioactive materials in tissue engineering applications-A review. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:164-183. [PMID: 32083230 PMCID: PMC7016353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been increasingly rapid advances of using bioactive materials in tissue engineering applications. Bioactive materials constitute many different structures based upon ceramic, metallic or polymeric materials, and can elicit specific tissue responses. However, most of them are relatively brittle, stiff, and difficult to form into complex shapes. Hence, there has been a growing demand for preparing materials with tailored physical, biological, and mechanical properties, as well as predictable degradation behavior. Chitosan-based materials have been shown to be ideal bioactive materials due to their outstanding properties such as formability into different structures, and fabricability with a wide range of bioactive materials, in addition to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review highlights scientific findings concerning the use of innovative chitosan-based bioactive materials in the fields of tissue engineering, with an outlook into their future applications. It also covers latest developments in terms of constituents, fabrication technologies, structural, and bioactive properties of these materials that may represent an effective solution for tissue engineering materials, making them a realistic clinical alternative in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Minhajul Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahruzzaman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shanta Biswas
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nurus Sakib
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Taslim Ur Rashid
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Fiber and Polymer Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7616, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
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Plasticizer Enhancement on the Miscibility and Thermomechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid-Chitin-Starch Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010115. [PMID: 31948030 PMCID: PMC7022536 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous research, a polylactic chitin starch composite was prepared without the use of a solvent to enhance the miscibility. In this study, a polylactic acid (PLA) chitin starch composite was produced with chloroform as a plasticizer in the ratio 1:10. The blending of chitin and starch with PLA ranges from 2% to 8%. Tensile strength, impact, thermogravimetry analysis-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA)-FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to test the thermomechanical properties. Also, the morphological properties, water absorption, and wear rate of the material was observed. The results showed that the tensile strength, yield strength, and impact strength were improved compared to the pure polylactic acid. Also, the elastic modulus of the samples increased, but were lower compared to that of the pure polylactic acid. The result of the fractured surface morphology showed good miscibility of the blending, which accounted for the good mechanical properties recorded in the study. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis DTA show a single degradation and peak respectively, which is also shown in the glass temperature measures from the DSC analysis. The water absorption test shows that the water absorption rate increases with starch content and the wear rate recorded sample A (92% P/8% C) as the highest. The high miscibility projected was achieved with no void, with the use of chloroform as a plasticizer.
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Raj SS, Kannan TK, Rajasekar R. Influence of Prosopis Juliflora wood flour in Poly Lactic Acid – Developing a novel Bio-Wood Plastic Composite. POLIMEROS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Munyazesa FX, Zhang Y, Wang B, Wang C, Feng X, Mao Z, Chen Y, Sui X. Pickering emulsion process assisted construction of regenerated chitin reinforced poly (lactic acid) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Olaiya NG, Surya I, Oke PK, Rizal S, Sadiku ER, Ray SS, Farayibi PK, Hossain MS, Abdul Khalil HPS. Properties and Characterization of a PLA-Chitin-Starch Biodegradable Polymer Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101656. [PMID: 31614623 PMCID: PMC6836172 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison on the effects of blending chitin and/or starch with poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Three sets of composites (PLA–chitin, PLA–starch and PLA–chitin–starch) with 92%, 94%, 96% and 98% PLA by weight were prepared. The percentage weight (wt.%) amount of the chitin and starch incorporated ranges from 2% to 8%. The mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties were analyzed. The results from the tensile strength, yield strength, Young’s modulus, and impact showed that the PLA–chitin–starch blend has the best mechanical properties compared to PLA–chitin and PLA–starch blends. The dynamic mechanical analysis result shows a better damping property for PLA–chitin than PLA–chitin–starch and PLA–starch. On the other hand, the thermal property analysis from thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) shows no significant improvement in a specific order, but the glass transition temperature of the composite increased compared to that of neat PLA. However, the degradation process was found to start with PLA–chitin for all composites, which suggests an improvement in PLA degradation. Significantly, the morphological analysis revealed a uniform mix with an obvious blend network in the three composites. Interestingly, the network was more significant in the PLA–chitin–starch blend, which may be responsible for its significantly enhanced mechanical properties compared with PLA–chitin and PLA–starch samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.740 Akure, Nigeria.
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Indra Surya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia.
| | - P K Oke
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.740 Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.
| | - E R Sadiku
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680 Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - S S Ray
- DST-/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - P K Farayibi
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.740 Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Md Sohrab Hossain
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - H P S Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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26
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Effect of Different Compatibilizers on Injection-Molded Green Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Based on Poly(lactic acid)-Maleinized Linseed Oil System and Sheep Wool. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091514. [PMID: 31533307 PMCID: PMC6780267 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A method to modify polymers is that of introducing fibers in a matrix to produce a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). Consequently, the aim of this work was to study the compatibility effect of four coupling agents on wool FRP properties, using poly(lactic acid) plasticized with maleinized linseed oil as polymer matrix. The content of wool assessed was 1 phr. The compatibilizers were (3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl)-trimethoxysilane, trimethoxy (2-(7-oxabicyclo (4.1.0)hept-3-yl) ethyl) silane, tris(2-methoxyethoxy)(vinyl) silane and titanium (IV) (triethanolaminate)isopropoxide. Initially, wool was modified with coupling agents in an acetone/water (50/50) solution. Mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile and flexural properties, hardness by Shore D measurement and impact resistance by Charpy’s energy. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to evaluate the interaction among components and the effect of the coupling agents on the thermal properties of the original material. Color, wettability and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe physical and microstructural properties. Modification of fibers allows achieving improved mechanical properties and changes the thermal properties of the FRPs slightly. Coupling agent treatment helps to formulate PLA–MLO and sheep wool materials and to improve their performance, thereby creating a broader spectrum of applications for PLA maintaining the bio-based character of the material.
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Ye Z, Xu W, Shen R, Yan Y. Emulsion electrospun PLA/calcium alginate nanofibers for periodontal tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:763-777. [PMID: 31506032 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219873561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renze Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yurong Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Ahmed KK, Tamer MA, Ghareeb MM, Salem AK. Recent Advances in Polymeric Implants. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:300. [PMID: 31482251 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems, such as drug pumps and polymeric drug depots, have emerged as means of providing predetermined drug release profiles at the desired site of action. While initial implants aimed at providing an enduring drug supply, developments in polymer chemistry and pharmaceutical technology and the growing need for refined drug delivery patterns have prompted the design of sophisticated drug delivery implants such as on-demand drug-eluting implants and personalized 3D printed implants. The types of cargo loaded into these implants range from small drug molecules to hormones and even therapeutic cells. This review will shed light upon recent advances in materials and composites used for polymeric implant fabrication, highlight select approaches employed in polymeric implant fabrication, feature medical applications where polymeric implants have a significant impact, and report recent advances made in these areas.
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29
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Arany P, Róka E, Mollet L, Coleman AW, Perret F, Kim B, Kovács R, Kazsoki A, Zelkó R, Gesztelyi R, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Vecsernyés M, Bácskay I. Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing: Test Platforms for Evaluating Post-Fabrication Chemical Modifications and In-Vitro Biological Properties. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E277. [PMID: 31200501 PMCID: PMC6630791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is attracting considerable interest for its capacity to produce prototypes and small production runs rapidly. Fused deposit modeling (FDM) was used to produce polyvalent test plates for investigation of the physical, chemical, and in-vitro biological properties of printed materials. The polyvalent test plates (PVTPs) are poly-lactic acid cylinders, 14 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height. The polymer ester backbone was surface modified by a series of ramified and linear oligoamines to increase its hydrophilicity and introduce a positive charge. The chemical modification was verified by FT-IR spectroscopy, showing the introduction of amide and amine functions, and contact angle measurements confirmed increased hydrophilicity. Morphology studies (SEM, optical microscopy) indicated that the modification of PVTP possessed a planar morphology with small pits. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy demonstrated that the polymeric free volume decreased on modification. An MTT-based prolonged cytotoxicity test using Caco-2 cells showed that the PVTPs are non-toxic at the cellular level. The presence of surface oligoamines on the PVTPs reduced biofilm formation by Candida albicans SC5314 significantly. The results demonstrate that 3D printed objects may be modified at their surface by a simple amidation reaction, resulting in a reduced propensity for biofilm colonization and cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Arany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Róka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- ICBMS, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1, F69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Mollet
- LMI CNRS UMR 5615, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | - Florent Perret
- ICBMS, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1, F69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Adrienn Kazsoki
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Semmelweis, Hőgyes Endre utca 7-9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Romána Zelkó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Semmelweis, Hőgyes Endre utca 7-9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Yadav M, Goswami P, Paritosh K, Kumar M, Pareek N, Vivekanand V. Seafood waste: a source for preparation of commercially employable chitin/chitosan materials. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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