1
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Ravasio A, Klionsky DJ, Bertocchi C. Integrating bioengineering, super-resolution microscopy and mechanobiology in autophagy research: addendum to the guidelines (4th edition). Autophagy 2024:1-4. [PMID: 39031065 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2379065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent key technological developments, such as super-resolution microscopy and microfabrication, enabled investigation of biological processes, including macroautophagy/autophagy, with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution and control over experimental conditions. Such disruptive innovations deepened our capability to provide mechanistic understandings of the autophagic process and its causes. This addendum aims to expand the guidelines on autophagy in three key directions: optical methods enabling visualization of autophagic machinery beyond the diffraction-limited resolution; bioengineering enabling accurate designs and control over experimental conditions; and theoretical advances in mechanobiology connecting autophagy and mechanical processes of the cell. Abbreviation: 3D: three-dimensional; SIM: structured illumination microscopy; STORM: stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ravasio
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering (IIBM), Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Zhang M, Zhao F, Zhu Y, Brouwer LA, Van der Veen H, Burgess JK, Harmsen MC. Physical Properties and Biochemical Composition of Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogels Dictate Vascularization Potential in an Organ-Dependent Fashion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29930-29945. [PMID: 38819955 PMCID: PMC11181272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The inherent extracellular matrix (ECM) originating from a specific tissue impacts the process of vascularization, specifically vascular network formation (VNF) orchestrated by endothelial cells (ECs). The specific contribution toward these processes of ECM from highly disparate organs such as the skin and lungs remains a relatively unexplored area. In this study, we compared VNF and ECM remodeling mediated by microvascular ECs within gel, lung, and combinations thereof (hybrid) ECM hydrogels. Irrespective of the EC source, the skin-derived ECM hydrogel exhibited a higher propensity to drive and support VNF compared to both lung and hybrid ECM hydrogels. There were distinct disparities in the physical properties of the three types of hydrogels, including viscoelastic properties and complex architectural configurations, including fiber diameter, pore area, and numbers among the fibers. The hybrid ECM hydrogel properties were unique and not the sum of the component ECM parts. Furthermore, cellular ECM remodeling responses varied with skin ECM hydrogels promoting matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) secretion, while hybrid ECM hydrogels exhibited increased MMP9, fibronectin, and collagen IV deposition. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the influence of a gel's mechanical properties on VNF was stronger than the biochemical composition. These data indicate that the organ-specific properties of an ECM dictate its capacity to support VNF, while intriguingly showing that ECs respond to more than just the biochemical constituents of an ECM. The study suggests potential applications in regenerative medicine by strategically selecting ECM origin or combinations to manipulate vascularization, offering promising prospects for enhancing wound healing through pro-regenerative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
- University
Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science-FB41, University of
Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Fenghua Zhao
- University
Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science-FB41, University of
Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Department
of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Linda A. Brouwer
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hasse Van der Veen
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
- University
Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science-FB41, University of
Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma
and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
- University
Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science-FB41, University of
Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma
and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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3
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Jang EH, Ryu JY, Kim JH, Lee J, Ryu W, Youn YN. Effect of sequential release of sirolimus and rosuvastatin using silk fibroin microneedle to prevent intimal hyperplasia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115702. [PMID: 37837879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a major cause of vascular restenosis after bypass surgery, which progresses as a series of processes from the acute to chronic stage in response to endothelial damage during bypass grafting. A strategic localized drug delivery system that reflects the pathophysiology of IH and minimizes systemic side effects is necessary. In this study, the sequential release of sirolimus, a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, and statin, an HMG-COA inhibitor, was realized as a silk fibroin-based microneedle device in vivo. The released sirolimus in the acute stage reduced neointima (NI) and vascular fibrosis through mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, rosuvastatin, which was continuously released from the acute to chronic stage, reduced vascular stiffness and apoptosis through the inactivation of Yes-associated protein (YAP). The sequential release of sirolimus and rosuvastatin confirmed the synergistic treatment effects on vascular inflammation, VSMC proliferation, and ECM degradation remodeling through the inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/NF-κB pathway. These results demonstrate the therapeutic effect on preventing restenosis with sufficient vascular elasticity and significantly reduced IH in response to endothelial damage. Therefore, this study suggests a promising strategy for treating coronary artery disease through localized drug delivery of customized drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Hwa Jang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Ryu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - JiYong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Young-Nam Youn
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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4
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Xu G, Xiao L, Guo P, Wang Y, Ke S, Lyu G, Ding X, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Silk Nanofiber Scaffolds with Multiple Angiogenic Cues to Accelerate Wound Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5813-5823. [PMID: 37710361 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Niches with multiple physical and chemical cues can influence the fate of cells and tissues in vivo. Simulating the in vivo niche in the design of bioactive materials is a challenge, particularly to tune multiple cues simultaneously in the same system. Here, an assembly strategy was developed to regulate multiple cues in the same scaffold based on the use of two silk nanofiber components that respond differently during the fabrication processes. An aqueous solution containing the two components, amorphous silk nanofibers (ASNFs) and β-sheet-rich silk nanofibers (BSNFs), was sequentially treated with an electrical field and freeze-drying processes where the BSNFs oriented to the electrical field, while the ASNFs formed stable porous structures during the lyophilization process to impact the mechanical properties. Bioactive cargo, such as deferoxamine (DFO), was loaded on the BSNFs to enrich cell responses with the scaffolds. The in vitro results revealed that the loaded DFO and the anisotropic structures with improved mechanical properties resulted in better vascularization than those of the scaffolds without the anisotropic features. The multiple cues in the scaffolds provided angiogenic niches to accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang 222061, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kanda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Ding
- Department of Burns, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang 222061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radiation Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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5
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Gong T, Wu D, Pan H, Sun Z, Yao X, Wang D, Huang Y, Li X, Guo Y, Lu Y. Biomimetic Microenvironmental Stiffness Boosts Stemness of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via Augmented Autophagy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5347-5360. [PMID: 37561610 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features high recurrence rates and intensified lethality, accompanied by stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment, which is mainly due to the deposition, remodeling, and cross-linking of collagen. Boosted stemness plays an essential role during occurrence and progression, which indicates a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the effect of the underlying interaction of matrix stiffness and stemness on PDAC. For this purpose, a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel with tunable stiffness was applied for incubating MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. The results demonstrated that compared to the soft group (5% GelMA, w/v), the expression of stemness-related genes (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) in the stiff group (10% GelMA, w/v) displayed pronounced elevation as well as sphere formation. Intriguingly, we also observed that matrix stiffness regulated autophagy of PDAC, which played a momentous role in stemness promotion. In order to clarify the underlying relationship between matrix stiffness-mediated cell autophagy and stemness, rescue experiments with rapamycin and chloroquine were conducted with transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, sphere formation, and qRT-PCR assays to evaluate the level of stemness and autophagy. For exploring the molecular mechanism in depth, RNA-seq and differential expression of miRNAs were carried out, which may sensor and respond to matrix stiffness during the regulation of stemness and autophagy. In conclusion, we validated that blocking autophagy repressed the stemness induced by matrix stiffness in PDAC and provided a potential therapeutic strategy for this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haopeng Pan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihao Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yibing Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Jeong SJ, Oh GT. Unbalanced Redox With Autophagy in Cardiovascular Disease. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:132-151. [PMID: 37265853 PMCID: PMC10232220 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise redox balance is essential for the optimum health and physiological function of the human body. Furthermore, an unbalanced redox state is widely believed to be part of numerous diseases, ultimately resulting in death. In this review, we discuss the relationship between redox balance and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In various animal models, excessive oxidative stress has been associated with increased atherosclerotic plaque formation, which is linked to the inflammation status of several cell types. However, various antioxidants can defend against reactive oxidative stress, which is associated with an increased risk of CVD and mortality. The different cardiovascular effects of these antioxidants are presumably due to alterations in the multiple pathways that have been mechanistically linked to accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation, macrophage activation, and endothelial dysfunction in animal models of CVD, as well as in in vitro cell culture systems. Autophagy is a regulated cell survival mechanism that removes dysfunctional or damaged cellular organelles and recycles the nutrients for the generation of energy. Furthermore, in response to atherogenic stress, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidized lipids, and inflammatory signaling between cells, autophagy protects against plaque formation. In this review, we characterize the broad spectrum of oxidative stress that influences CVD, summarize the role of autophagy in the content of redox balance-associated pathways in atherosclerosis, and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target CVD by stimulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Hu G, Bao L, Li G, Chen L, Hong FF. Vascular cells responses to controlled surface structure and properties of bacterial nanocellulose artificial blood vessel after mercerization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120572. [PMID: 36746593 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits of small caliber artificial blood vessels to cure cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are mainly limited by their low patency during long-term transplantation. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), as a natural polysaccharide mainly synthesized by a bacterium Komagataeibatacter xylinus, has shown great potential in small-caliber vascular graft applications due to its shape controllability, and furthermore its physical surface structure can be adjusted with different treatments. However, influences of physical surface structure and properties of BNC conduits on behaviors of vascular cells have not been investigated. In this work, mercerized BNC conduits (MBNC) with different surface roughness and stiffness were constructed by controlled alkali (NaOH) treatment. The changes of surface structures and properties significantly affected the behaviors of vascular cells and gene expression; meanwhile, the cell seeding density also affected the cell responses. After mercerization with NaOH concentration > 10 %, it was observed that the increased stiffness of MBNC decreased several functional gene expressions of human vascular endothelial cells, and the pathological transformation of smooth muscle cells was inhibited. This study demonstrates physical surface structure of MBNC conduits will critically regulate functions and behaviors of vascular cells and it also provides important designing parameters to improve the long-term patency of BNC-based conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoquan Hu
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Scientific Research Base of Bacterial Nanofiber Manufacturing and Composite Technology, China Textile Engineering Society, China
| | - Luhan Bao
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Geli Li
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Scientific Research Base of Bacterial Nanofiber Manufacturing and Composite Technology, China Textile Engineering Society, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Scientific Research Base of Bacterial Nanofiber Manufacturing and Composite Technology, China Textile Engineering Society, China
| | - Feng F Hong
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Scientific Research Base of Bacterial Nanofiber Manufacturing and Composite Technology, China Textile Engineering Society, China.
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8
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Adhikari J, Roy A, Chanda A, D A G, Thomas S, Ghosh M, Kim J, Saha P. Effects of surface patterning and topography on the cellular functions of tissue engineered scaffolds with special reference to 3D bioprinting. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1236-1269. [PMID: 36644788 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue organ exhibits a topography from the nano to micrometer range, and the design of scaffolds has been inspired by the host environment. Modern bioprinting aims to replicate the host tissue environment to mimic the native physiological functions. A detailed discussion on the topographical features controlling cell attachment, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the effect of geometrical design on the wettability and mechanical properties of the scaffold are presented in this review. Moreover, geometrical pattern-mediated stiffness and pore arrangement variations for guiding cell functions have also been discussed. This review also covers the application of designed patterns, gradients, or topographic modulation on 3D bioprinted structures in fabricating the anisotropic features. Finally, this review accounts for the tissue-specific requirements that can be adopted for topography-motivated enhancement of cellular functions during the fabrication process with a special thrust on bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Adhikari
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Avinava Roy
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Chanda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Gouripriya D A
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Manojit Ghosh
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Jinku Kim
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, South Korea.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
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9
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Ryltseva GA, Dudaev AE, Menzyanova NG, Volova TG, Alexandrushkina NA, Efimenko AY, Shishatskaya EI. Influence of PHA Substrate Surface Characteristics on the Functional State of Endothelial Cells. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020085. [PMID: 36826884 PMCID: PMC9959859 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The needs of modern regenerative medicine for biodegradable polymers are wide and varied. Restoration of the viability of the vascular tree is one of the most important components of the preservation of the usefulness of organs and tissues. The creation of vascular implants compatible with blood is an important task of vascular bioengineering. The function of the endothelial layer of the vessel, being largely responsible for the development of thrombotic complications, is of great importance for hemocompatibility. The development of surfaces with specific characteristics of biomaterials that are used in vascular technologies is one of the solutions for their correct endothelialization. Linear polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable structural polymeric materials suitable for obtaining various types of implants and tissue engineering, having a wide range of structural and physicomechanical properties. The use of PHA of various monomeric compositions in endothelial cultivation makes it possible to evaluate the influence of material properties, especially surface characteristics, on the functional state of cells. It has been established that PHA samples with the inclusion of 3-hydroxyhexanoate have optimal characteristics for the formation of a human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC, monolayer in terms of cell morphology as well as the levels of expression of vinculin and VE-cadherin. The obtained results provide a rationale for the use of PHA copolymers as materials for direct contact with the endothelium in vascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A. Ryltseva
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (G.A.R.); (E.I.S.)
| | - Alexey E. Dudaev
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Menzyanova
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G. Volova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Alexandrushkina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu. Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (G.A.R.); (E.I.S.)
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10
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Wen K, Bencherif SA, Ebong EE. Atherosclerosis and endothelial mechanotransduction: current knowledge and models for future research. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C488-C504. [PMID: 36440856 PMCID: PMC10069965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00449.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium health is essential to the regulation of physiological vascular functions. Because of the critical capability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sense and transduce chemical and mechanical signals in the local vascular environment, their dysfunction is associated with a vast variety of vascular diseases and injuries, especially atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the mechanotransduction events that are mediated through ECs, the EC subcellular components involved, and the pathways reported to be potentially involved. Up-to-date research efforts involving in vivo animal models and in vitro biomimetic models are also discussed, including their advantages and drawbacks, with recommendations on future modeling approaches to aid the development of novel therapies targeting atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie, UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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11
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Chu T, Li Q, Dai C, Li X, Kong X, Fan Y, Yin H, Ge J. A novel Nanocellulose-Gelatin-AS-IV external stent resists EndMT by activating autophagy to prevent restenosis of grafts. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:466-481. [PMID: 36330163 PMCID: PMC9615139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vein grafts are widely used for coronary artery bypass grafting and hemodialysis access, but restenosis remains the "Achilles' heel" of these treatments. An extravascular stent is one wrapped around the vein graft and provides mechanical strength; it can buffer high arterial pressure and secondary vascular dilation of the vein to prevent restenosis. In this study, we developed a novel Nanocellulose-gelatin hydrogel, loaded with the drug Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) as an extravascular scaffold to investigate its ability to reduce restenosis. We found that the excellent physical and chemical properties of the drug AS-IV loaded Nanocellulose-gelatin hydrogel external stent limit graft vein expansion and make the stent biocompatible. We also found it can prevent restenosis by resisting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in vitro. It does so by activating autophagy, and AS-IV can enhance this effect both in vivo and in vitro. This study has added to existing research on the mechanism of extravascular stents in preventing restenosis of grafted veins. Furthermore, we have developed a novel extravascular stent for the prevention and treatment of restenosis. This will help optimize the clinical treatment plan of external stents and improve the prognosis in patients with vein grafts. The NC-Gelatin extravascular stent has suitable physicochemical properties to prevent restenosis of the grafted veins. The NC-Gelatin extravascular stent has excellent biocompatibility, which is critical for grafting veins. The NC-Gelatin extravascular stent prevents restenosis by activating autophagy against EndMT. AS-IV can enhance the effect of the stent to activate autophagy against EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Chu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Materials, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Qingye Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xin Kang Road, Yaan, Sichuan Province, 625014, PR China
| | - Chun Dai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Materials, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Kong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Materials, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yangming Fan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Materials, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Materials, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Corresponding author. The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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12
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Song T, Zhou M, Li W, Lv M, Zheng L, Zhao M. The anti-inflammatory effect of vasoactive peptides from soybean protein hydrolysates by mediating serum extracellular vesicles-derived miRNA-19b/CYLD/TRAF6 axis in the vascular microenvironment of SHRs. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Zhang B, Qin Y, Yang L, Wan H, Yuan L, Wang Y. An organic selenium and VEGF-conjugated bioinspired coating promotes vascular healing. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121654. [PMID: 35842980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs) have yield a significant reduction in the incidence of re-stenosis, however, challenges remain including incomplete healing of the endothelium, inflammatory response and thrombogenesis at the site of vascular wall injury. Here, we developed a novel stent with polyphenol-polyamine surface combining the biological functions of nitric oxide gas and VEGF, selectively promoting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells while suppressing smooth muscle cells. Compared with bare PLLA stents and traditional DESs, the functionalized stents enhanced vascular healing through remarkable inhibiting intimal hyperplasia and occurrence of thrombosis, accelerating the in-situ endothelium repair. Moreover, it showed a down-regulation of injury vascular inflammation response and reduction of the vessel wall injury in New Zealand Rabbits after 1- and 3-month implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wang Jiang Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wang Jiang Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wang Jiang Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Huining Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wang Jiang Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wang Jiang Road, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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14
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Wei J, Yao J, Yan M, Xie Y, Liu P, Mao Y, Li X. The role of matrix stiffness in cancer stromal cell fate and targeting therapeutic strategies. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:34-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Zhou SW, Wang J, Chen SY, Ren KF, Wang YX, Ji J. The substrate stiffness at physiological range significantly modulates vascular cell behavior. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112483. [PMID: 35366576 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the stiffness of the cellular microenvironment are involved in many pathological processes of blood vessels. Substrate stiffness has been shown to have extensive effects on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the material stiffness of most previously reported in-vitro models is ranging from ~100 kPa to the magnitude of MPa, which does not match the mechanical properties of natural vascular tissue (10-100 kPa). Herein, we constructed hydrogel substrates with the stiffness of 18-86 kPa to explore the effect of physiological stiffness on vascular cells. Our findings show that, with the increase of stiffness at the physiological range, the cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors of VECs and VSMCs are significantly enhanced. On the soft substrate, VECs express more nitric oxide (NO), and VSMCs tend to maintain a healthy contraction phenotype. More importantly, we find that the number of differentially expressed genes in cells cultured between 18 kPa and 86 kPa substrates (560 in VECs, 243 in VSMCs) is significantly higher than that between 86 kPa and 333 kPa (137 in VECs, 172 in VSMCs), indicating that a small increase in stiffness within the physiological range have a higher impact on vascular cell behaviors. Overall, our results expanded the exploration of how stiffness affects the behavior of vascular cells at the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - You-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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16
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Biomedical polymers: synthesis, properties, and applications. Sci China Chem 2022; 65:1010-1075. [PMID: 35505924 PMCID: PMC9050484 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomedical polymers, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their property-function relationship for corresponding biomedical applications. In particular, a few burgeoning bioactive polymers, such as peptide/biomembrane/microorganism/cell-based biomedical polymers, are also introduced and highlighted as the emerging biomaterials for cancer precision therapy. Furthermore, the foreseeable challenges and outlook of the development of more efficient, healthier and safer biomedical polymers are discussed. We wish this systemic and comprehensive review on highlighting frontier progress of biomedical polymers could inspire and promote new breakthrough in fundamental research and clinical translation.
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Cao H, Zhou Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Xie M, Qiao W, Dong N. Substrate stiffness regulates differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into heart valve endothelial cells. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:115-126. [PMID: 35235867 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Substrate stiffness has been indicated as a primary determinant for stem cell fate, being capable of influencing motility, proliferation, and differentiation. Although the effects of stiffness on cardiac differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs) have been reported, whether stiffness of polydimethylsiloxane-based substrates could enhance differentiation of h-iPSCs toward heart valve endothelial cells lineage (VECs) or not remains unknown. Herein, we modulated the substrate stiffness to evaluate its effect on the differentiation of h-iPSCs into valve endothelial-like cells (h-iVECs) in vitro and determine the suitable stiffness. The results revealed that VECs-related genes (PECAM1, CDH5, NFATC1, etc.) were significantly increased in h-iVECs obtained from the three substrates compared with h-iPSCs. Gene expression levels and differentiation efficiency were higher in the medium group than in the stiff and soft groups. An increase in substrate stiffness to 2.8 GPa decreased the efficiency of h-iPSCs differentiation into h-iVECs and downregulated VECs specific genes. Through mRNA sequencing, we determined the key genetic markers involved in stiffness guiding the differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells into h-iVECs. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that medium stiffness were more suitable for the differentiation of h-iPSCs into h-iVECs in vitro. Moreover, this process is regulated by the WNT/Calcineurin signaling pathway. Overall, this study demonstrates how stiffness can be used to enhance the h-iVECs differentiation of iPSCs and emphasizes the importance of using substrate stiffness to accomplish a more specific and mature differentiation of h-iVECs for future therapeutic and tissue engineering valve applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Several studies have examined the stiffness-induced cell fate from pluripotent stem cells during the stage of mesoderm cell differentiation. This is the first research that rigorously examines the effect of substrate stiffness on human valve endothelial-like cells differentiation from cardiac progenitor cells. We found that the medium stiffness can increase the differentiation efficiency of h-iVECs from 40% to about 60%, and this process was regulated by the WNT/CaN signaling pathway through the activation of WNT5a. Substrate stiffness not only increases the differentiation efficiency of h-iVECs, but also improves its cellular functions such as low-density lipoprotein uptake and NO release. This study emphasizes the importance of using substrate stiffness to accomplish a more specific and mature differentiation of h-iVECs.
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18
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Zeng Y, Du X, Yao X, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Li L, Liu X. Mechanism of cell death of endothelial cells regulated by mechanical forces. J Biomech 2021; 131:110917. [PMID: 34952348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell death of endothelial cells (ECs) is a common devastating consequence of various vascular-related diseases. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, sepsis, diabetes, cerebral ischemia and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and chronic kidney disease remain major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in which ECs are constantly subjected to a great amount of dynamic changed mechanical forces including shear stress, extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch and microgravity. A thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which the mechanical forces controlled the cell deaths including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, experimental and clinical data highlight that nutrient depletion, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α, high glucose, lipopolysaccharide, and homocysteine possess cytotoxic effects in many tissues and induce apoptosis of ECs, and that sphingosine-1-phosphate protects ECs. Nevertheless, EC apoptosis in the context of those artificial microenvironments could be enhanced, reduced or even reversed along with the alteration of patterns of shear stress. An appropriate level of autophagy diminishes EC apoptosis to some extent, in addition to supporting cell survival upon microenvironment challenges. The intervention of pyroptosis showed a profound effect on atherosclerosis. Further cell and animal studies are required to ascertain whether the alterations in the levels of cell deaths and their associated regulatory mechanisms happen at local lesion sites with considerable mechanical force changes, for preventing senescence and cell deaths in the vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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19
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蒋 玉, 胡 芝, 关 禹, 周 陈, 邹 淑. [Research Progress in Mechanotransduction Process of Mechanical-Stress-Induced Autophagy]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:929-935. [PMID: 34841756 PMCID: PMC10408839 DOI: 10.12182/20211160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As a self-protective mechanism for cells to obtain energy by degrading their own structures or substances, autophagy widely occurs in basic physiological process of all kinds of eukaryotic cells. In recent years, studies have shown that autophagy can be induced through a variety of mechanical transduction pathways when various tissues and cells are exposed to different types of mechanical stress, and cells and tissues involved can thus regulate cell metabolic functions and participate in the pathological process of a variety of diseases. The stress receptors on the cell membrane and the multiple signaling pathways and cytoskeletons have been shown to play an important role in this process. At present, due to the difficulties in the establishment of the stress loading model and the limitations in the research methods concerned, the specific mechanical transduction mechanisms of autophagy induced by mechanical stress is not clear. Therefore, more reliable in vitro and in vivo models and more advanced research methodology are needed to investigate the mechanical transduction process of autophagy induced by mechanical stress, and to promote ultimately progress in the understanding of autophagy-related diseases and their treatments. This article reviewed the regulatory role of mechanical stress on autophagy in physiological and disease processes and the signal transduction process related to autophagy induced by mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- 玉坤 蒋
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 芝爱 胡
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 禹哲 关
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 陈晨 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 淑娟 邹
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Additive Manufacturing of Caffeic Acid-Inspired Mineral Trioxide Aggregate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold for Regulating Vascular Induction and Osteogenic Regeneration of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112911. [PMID: 34831134 PMCID: PMC8616324 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a common biomaterial used in endodontics regeneration due to its antibacterial properties, good biocompatibility and high bioactivity. Surface modification technology allows us to endow biomaterials with the necessary biological targets for activation of specific downstream functions such as promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we used caffeic acid (CA)-coated MTA/polycaprolactone (PCL) composites and fabricated 3D scaffolds to evaluate the influence on the physicochemical and biological aspects of CA-coated MTA scaffolds. As seen from the results, modification of CA does not change the original structural characteristics of MTA, thus allowing us to retain the properties of MTA. CA-coated MTA scaffolds were shown to have 25% to 55% higher results than bare scaffold. In addition, CA-coated MTA scaffolds were able to significantly adsorb more vascular endothelial growth factors (p < 0.05) secreted from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). More importantly, CA-coated MTA scaffolds not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation behaviors of hDPSCs, but also enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Finally, CA-coated MTA scaffolds led to enhanced subsequent in vivo bone regeneration of the femur of rabbits, which was confirmed using micro-computed tomography and histological staining. Taken together, CA can be used as a potently functional bioactive coating for various scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and other biomedical applications in the future.
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21
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Matrix stiffness drives stromal autophagy and promotes formation of a protumorigenic niche. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105367118. [PMID: 34588305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105367118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased stiffness of solid tissues has long been recognized as a diagnostic feature of several pathologies, most notably malignant diseases. In fact, it is now well established that elevated tissue rigidity enhances disease progression and aggressiveness and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients as documented, for instance, for lung fibrosis or the highly desmoplastic cancer of the pancreas. The underlying mechanisms of the interplay between physical properties and cellular behavior are, however, not very well understood. Here, we have found that switching culture conditions from soft to stiff substrates is sufficient to evoke (macro) autophagy in various fibroblast types. Mechanistically, this is brought about by stiffness-sensing through an Integrin αV-focal adhesion kinase module resulting in sequestration and posttranslational stabilization of the metabolic master regulator AMPKα at focal adhesions, leading to the subsequent induction of autophagy. Importantly, stiffness-induced autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts and stellate cells critically supports growth of adjacent cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This process is Integrin αV dependent, opening possibilities for targeting tumor-stroma crosstalk. Our data thus reveal that the mere change in mechanical tissue properties is sufficient to metabolically reprogram stromal cell populations, generating a tumor-supportive metabolic niche.
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Song T, Lv M, Zhou M, Huang M, Zheng L, Zhao M. Soybean-Derived Antihypertensive Peptide LSW (Leu-Ser-Trp) Antagonizes the Damage of Angiotensin II to Vascular Endothelial Cells through the Trans-vesicular Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10536-10549. [PMID: 34460247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An emerging inference is that vascular cells transfer their biological cargo to recipient cells by secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). This study explored the effects of EVs produced from VSMCs with Ang II (EVs-A) or LSW + Ang II on HUVECs. The EVs-A increase ROS production, activate inflammation, and upregulate the expression of adhesion molecules. Among the EVs-A, miR-22, miR-143, miR-144, and miR-155 were significantly downregulated, while VSMCs pre-incubated with LSW could produce improved EVs. RNA sequencing revealed differential expression of genes associated with endothelial dysfunction, including the TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway. Finally, we found that LSW could improve endothelial function by repairing the expression of miRNAs in VSMCs. It also suggests a potential mechanism for the injury action of endogenous peptide Ang II and protective effects of exogenous peptide LSW on vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Miao Lv
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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23
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Selman M, Pardo A. Fibroageing: An ageing pathological feature driven by dysregulated extracellular matrix-cell mechanobiology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101393. [PMID: 34139337 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a multifactorial biological process leading to a progressive decline of physiological functions. The process of ageing includes numerous changes in the cells and the interactions between cell-cell and cell-microenvironment remaining as a critical risk factor for the development of chronic degenerative diseases. Systemic inflammation, known as inflammageing, increases as a consequence of ageing contributing to age-related morbidities. But also, persistent and uncontrolled activation of fibrotic pathways, with excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and organ dysfunction is markedly more frequent in the elderly. In this context, we introduce here the concept of Fibroageing, that is, the propensity to develop tissue fibrosis associated with ageing, and propose that ECM is a key player underlying this process. During ageing, molecules of the ECM become damaged through many modifications including glycation, crosslinking, and accumulation, leading to matrix stiffness which intensifies ageing-associated alterations. We provide a framework with some mechanistic hypotheses proposing that stiff ECM, in addition to the well-known activation of fibrotic positive feedback loops, affect several of the hallmarks of ageing, such as cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, and in this context, is a key mechanism and a driver thread of Fibroageing.
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Claude-Taupin A, Codogno P, Dupont N. Links between autophagy and tissue mechanics. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271984. [PMID: 34472605 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical constraints, such as compression, shear stress, stretching and tension, play major roles during development, tissue homeostasis, immune responses and pathologies. Cells and organelles also face mechanical forces during migration and extravasation, and investigations into how mechanical forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, including changes in cell morphology, membrane transport, metabolism, energy production and gene expression, is a flourishing field. Recent studies demonstrate the role of macroautophagy in the integration of physical constraints. The aim of this Review is to summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of macroautophagy in controlling a large panel of cell responses, from morphological and metabolic changes, to inflammation and senescence, for the integration of mechanical forces. Moreover, wherever possible, we also discuss the cell surface molecules and structures that sense mechanical forces upstream of macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Chen Y, Li P, Peng Y, Xie X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Li T, Qin X, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Liu Y. Protective autophagy attenuates soft substrate-induced apoptosis through ROS/JNK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:590-603. [PMID: 34242793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are characterized not only in terms of chemical composition, but also by physical properties such as stiffness, which influences morphology, proliferation, and fate of tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms between matrix stiffness and the apoptosis-autophagy balance remain largely unexplored. In this study, we cultured human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells on rigid (57 kPa), stiff (38 kPa) or soft (10 kPa) substrates and demonstrated that increasing autophagy levels and autophagic flux in the cells cultured on soft substrates partly attenuated soft substrate-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, this protective autophagy is regulated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which triggers the downstream signals of JNK, Bcl-2 and Beclin-1. More importantly, soft substrate-induced activation of ROS/JNK signaling promotes cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, whereas it increases protective autophagy by suppressing the interaction of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1. Taken together, our data suggest that JNK is the mediator of soft substrate-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy which is likely to be the mechanism that partly attenuates mitochondrial apoptosis. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism by which autophagy plays a protective role against soft substrate-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yueting Peng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
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26
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Zhang X, Cui J, Cheng L, Lin K. Enhancement of osteoporotic bone regeneration by strontium-substituted 45S5 bioglass via time-dependent modulation of autophagy and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3489-3501. [PMID: 33690737 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a major systemic bone disease leading to an imbalance in bone homeostasis which remains a challenge in the current treatment of bone defects. Our previous studies on strontium (Sr) doping apparently stimulated osteogenesis of bioceramics, which suggested a promising strategy for the treatment of bone defects. However, the potential effects and the underlying mechanisms of Sr-doping on osteoporotic bone defects still remain unclear. Autophagy is a conventional self-degradation process of cells involved in bone homeostasis and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, it is essential to design appropriate biomaterials and investigate the associated osteogenic mechanisms via autophagy. Based on this hypothesis, Sr-doped 45S5 bioglass (Sr/45S5) was fabricated, and ovariectomy bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OVX-BMSCs) were applied as the in vitro cell culture model. First, the optimal Sr-doping concentration of 10 mol% was screened by cell proliferation, ALP staining, alizarin red S staining and the real-time PCR assay. Then, the results of western blot (WB) analysis showed that Sr-induced osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs was associated with time-dependent modulation of autophagy and related to the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the autophagy in Sr-induced osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs was detected by WB, immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs has been significantly inhibited by the administration of autophagy inhibitors and the AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, respectively, in the early and late periods of osteogenic differentiation. Finally, the results of the model of femoral condyle defects in OVX-rats indicated that Sr10/45S5 granules remarkably enhanced bone regeneration which provided the evidences in vivo. Our research indicates that Sr-doping provides a promising strategy to promote osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs and bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defects via early improvement of autophagy and late activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China. and School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China. and Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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27
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Baruffaldi D, Palmara G, Pirri C, Frascella F. 3D Cell Culture: Recent Development in Materials with Tunable Stiffness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2233-2250. [PMID: 35014348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that three-dimensional cell culture systems simulate physiological conditions better than traditional 2D systems. Although extracellular matrix components strongly modulate cell behavior, several studies underlined the importance of mechanosensing in the control of different cell functions such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Human tissues are characterized by different degrees of stiffness, and various pathologies (e.g., tumor or fibrosis) cause changes in the mechanical properties through the alteration of the extracellular matrix structure. Additionally, these modifications have an impact on disease progression and on therapy response. Hence, the development of platforms whose stiffness could be modulated may improve our knowledge of cell behavior under different mechanical stress stimuli. In this review, we have analyzed the mechanical diversity of healthy and diseased tissues, and we have summarized recently developed materials with a wide range of stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Baruffaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Candido Pirri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,Center for Sustainable Futures@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
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