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Fornal M, Krawczyńska A, Belcarz A. Comparison of the Impact of NaIO 4-Accelerated, Cu 2+/H 2O 2-Accelerated, and Novel Ion-Accelerated Methods of Poly(l-DOPA) Coating on Collagen-Sealed Vascular Prostheses: Strengths and Weaknesses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40515-40530. [PMID: 39044622 PMCID: PMC11310904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Sensitive biomaterials subjected to surface modification require delicate methods to preserve their structures and key properties. These include collagen-sealed polyester vascular prostheses. For their functionalization, coating with polycatecholamines (PCAs) can be used. PCAs change some important biological properties of biomaterials, e.g., hydrophilicity, bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug binding. The coating process can be stimulated by oxidants, organic solvents, or process conditions. However, these factors may change the properties of the PCA layer and the matrix itself. In this work, collagen-sealed vascular grafts were functionalized with a poly(l-DOPA) (PLD) layer using novel seawater-inspired ion combination as an accelerator, compared to the sodium periodate, Cu2+/H2O2 mixture, and accelerator-free reference methods. Then, poly(l-DOPA) was used as the interface for antibiotic binding. The coated prostheses were characterized (SEM, FIB-SEM, FTIR, UV/vis), and their important functional parameters (mechanical, antioxidant, hemolytic, and prothrombotic properties, bioactivity, stability in human blood and simulated body fluid (SBF), antibiotic binding, release, and antibacterial activity) were compared. It was found that although sodium periodate increased the strength and drug-binding capacity of the prosthesis, it also increased the blood hemolysis risk. Cu2+/H2O2 destabilized the mechanical properties of the coating and the graft. The seawater-inspired ion-accelerated method was efficient, stable, and matrix- and human blood-friendly, and it stimulated hydroxyapatite formation on the prosthesis surface. The results lead to the conclusion that selection of the PCA formation accelerator should be based on a careful analysis of the biological properties of medical devices. They also suggest that the ion-accelerated method of PLD coating on medical devices may be highly effective and safer than the oxidant-accelerated coating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Fornal
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyńska
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw
University of Technology, 141 Wołoska, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Belcarz
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Zhang R, Yang H, Guo M, Niu S, Xue Y. Mitophagy and its regulatory mechanisms in the biological effects of nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38642013 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective cellular process critical for the removal of damaged mitochondria. It is essential in regulating mitochondrial number, ensuring mitochondrial functionality, and maintaining cellular equilibrium, ultimately influencing cell destiny. Numerous pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and various other conditions, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, a detailed exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is pivotal for enhancing our understanding and for the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic options for these diseases. Nanomaterials have become integral in biomedicine and various other sectors, offering advanced solutions for medical uses including biological imaging, drug delivery, and disease diagnostics and therapy. Mitophagy is vital in managing the cellular effects elicited by nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underpinning mitophagy, underscoring its significant influence on the biological responses of cells to nanomaterials. Nanoparticles can initiate mitophagy via various pathways, among which the PINK1-Parkin pathway is critical for cellular defense against nanomaterial-induced damage by promoting mitophagy. The role of mitophagy in biological effects was induced by nanomaterials, which are associated with alterations in Ca2+ levels, the production of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lysosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Fang YP, Zhao Y, Huang JY, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhang XL. The functional role of cellular senescence during vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1330942. [PMID: 38318291 PMCID: PMC10839002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1330942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) has emerged as a key predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, an expanding body of research has put forth the concept of accelerated vascular aging among CKD patients, highlighting the significance of vascular cells senescence in the process of VC. Within the milieu of uremia, senescent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) release extracellular microvesicles (MV) that promote vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) senescence, thereby triggering the subsequent osteogenic phenotypic switch and ultimately contributing to the VC process. In addition, senescent vascular progenitor or stem cells with diminished ability to differentiate into VECs and VSMCS, compromise the repair of vascular integrity, on the other hand, release a cascade of molecules associated with senescence, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), perpetuating the senescence phenomenon. Furthermore, SASP triggers the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages, as well as adjacent VECs and VSMCs into a pro-adhesive and pro-inflammatory senescent state. This pro-inflammatory microenvironment niche not only impacts the functionality of immune cells but also influences the differentiation of myeloid immune cells, thereby amplifying the reduced ability to effectively clear senescent cells of senescent macrophages, promoted calcification of VSMCs. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the contribution of vascular cell senescence to the emergence and advancement of VC. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of cellular senescence within the vessel wall is pivotal, especially when it comes to its intersection with VC. This knowledge is essential for advancing groundbreaking anti-aging therapies, aiming to effectively mitigate cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Fang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Yang S, Zeng Z, Yuan Q, Chen Q, Wang Z, Xie H, Liu J. Vascular calcification: from the perspective of crosstalk. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:35. [PMID: 37851172 PMCID: PMC10584806 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, but anti-VC treatment remains an area to be tackled due to the ill-defined molecular mechanisms. Regardless of the type of VC, it does not depend on a single cell but involves multi-cells/organs to form a complex cellular communication network through the vascular microenvironment to participate in the occurrence and development of VC. Therefore, focusing only on the direct effect of pathological factors on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) tends to overlook the combined effect of other cells and VSMCs, including VSMCs-VSMCs, ECs-VMSCs, Macrophages-VSMCs, etc. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for tiny vesicles with a membrane structure that are actively secreted by cells, and almost all cells secrete EVs. EVs docked on the surface of receptor cells can directly mediate signal transduction or transfer their contents into the cell to elicit a functional response from the receptor cells. They have been proven to participate in the VC process and have also shown attractive therapeutic prospects. Based on the advantages of EVs and the ability to be detected in body fluids, they may become a novel therapeutic agent, drug delivery vehicle, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and potential therapeutic target in the future. This review focuses on the new insight into VC molecular mechanisms from the perspective of crosstalk, summarizes how multi-cells/organs interactions communicate via EVs to regulate VC and the emerging potential of EVs as therapeutic methods in VC. We also summarize preclinical experiments on crosstalk-based and the current state of clinical studies on VC-related measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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5
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Lin SW, Tsai JC, Shyong YJ. Drug delivery of extracellular vesicles: Preparation, delivery strategies and applications. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123185. [PMID: 37391106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are cell-originated vesicles exhibited with characteristics similar to the parent cells. Several studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of EV since they played as an intercellular communicator and modulate disease microenvironment, and thus EV has been widely studied in cancer management and tissue regeneration. However, merely application of EV revealed limited therapeutic outcome in different disease scenario and co-administration of drugs may be necessary to exert proper therapeutic effect. The method of drug loading into EV and efficient delivery of the formulation is therefore important. In this review, the advantages of using EV as drug delivery system compared to traditional synthetic nanoparticles will be emphasized, followed by the method of preparing EV and drug loading. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of EV was discussed, together with the review of reported delivery strategies and related application of EV in different disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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6
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Chen S, Su Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xiu P, Luo W, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liang H, Lee APW, Shao L, Xiu J. Insights into the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on atherosclerosis: mechanisms involved and influence factors. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:140. [PMID: 37118804 PMCID: PMC10148422 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, which leads to stenosis and thrombosis. Researchers have been working to design multifunctional nanomedicines with the ability to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis, but recent studies have also identified that nanomaterials can cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to outline the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that promote atherosclerosis. By analyzing the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells, we aim to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and raise awareness of nanotoxicology to advance the clinical translation and sustainable development of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Peiming Xiu
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Alex Pui-Wai Lee
- Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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7
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Brown TK, Alharbi S, Ho KJ, Jiang B. Prosthetic vascular grafts engineered to combat calcification: Progress and future directions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:953-969. [PMID: 36544433 PMCID: PMC10023339 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcification in prosthetic vascular conduits is a major challenge in cardiac and vascular surgery that compromises the long-term performance of these devices. Significant research efforts have been made to understand the etiology of calcification in the cardiovascular system and to combat calcification in various cardiovascular devices. Novel biomaterial design and tissue engineering strategies have shown promise in preventing or delaying calcification in prosthetic vascular grafts. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in the development of acellular prosthetic vascular grafts with preclinical success in attenuating calcification through advanced biomaterial design. We also discuss the mechanisms of action involved in the designs that will contribute to the further understanding of cardiovascular calcification. Lastly, recent insights into the etiology of vascular calcification will guide the design of future prosthetic vascular grafts with greater potential for translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor K. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sara Alharbi
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Karen J. Ho
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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8
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Zhang X, Huang Z, Fan X, Tan X, Lu C, Yang J. Molecular mechanisms and effects of urocortin II on rat adventitial fibroblast calcification induced by calcified medium. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:19-27. [PMID: 36083783 PMCID: PMC9579898 DOI: 10.1530/vb-22-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the role of urocortin II (UII) in the process of vascular calcification in vitro by using a calcification model, to detect the changes in the mRNA and protein levels of associated markers in rat adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) during their phenotypic transformation to osteoblast cellsto clarify the main signal transduction pathway of UII responsible for regulating vascular calcification and AF phenotypic transformation of osteoblast cells, and to prove that UII was an endogenous factor promoting vascular calcification, so as to provide an effective experimental basis for the clinical regulation of related diseases caused by vascular calcification. Finally, we successfully constructed the calcified cell model, found that UII was an endogenous substance regulating vascular calcification, regulated the vascular calcification by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy through up- and downregulated BAX and BCL-2/BECLIN 1 (BECN1) level, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Longgang People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanjun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Longgang People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Longgang People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Longgang People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianshe Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Li M, Wang ZW, Fang LJ, Cheng SQ, Wang X, Liu NF. Programmed cell death in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:467. [PMID: 35585052 PMCID: PMC9117271 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of cell death has been expanded beyond apoptosis and necrosis to additional forms, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These cell death modalities play a critical role in all aspects of life, which are noteworthy for their diverse roles in diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) and vascular calcification (VC) are major causes for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Despite considerable advances in understanding the signaling pathways associated with AS and VC, the exact molecular basis remains obscure. In the article, we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and its implications for AS and VC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell death in AS and VC may drive the development of promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Shou-Quan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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10
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Xia Y, Li B, Zhang F, Wu Q, Wen S, Jiang N, Liu D, Huang C, Liu S. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles promote mitochondrial-based pyroptosis via activating calcium homeostasis and redox imbalance in vascular smooth muscle cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:5101. [PMID: 35344944 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac61ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) have been widely used in various fields because of their natural biological origin and functional properties. The emerging evidence on their toxicities has attracted research interest. HAP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) damage is a key step in vascular calcification (VC), particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the injury effects and mechanism of action of HAP on VSMCs have not been extensively investigated. This study comprehensively characterized commercially available HAP and investigated its adverse biological effects in cultured A7R5 cells.In vitroexperiments revealed that internalized HAP was localized in lysosomes, followed by the release of Ca2+owing to the low pH microenvironment. Upon Ca2+homeostasis, Ca2+enters the mitochondria, leading to the simultaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS subsequently attack mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, promote mitochondrial ROS production, and oxidize mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Mitochondrial permeability-transition pores open, followed by the release of more Ox-mtDNA from the mitochondria into the cytosol due to the redox imbalance. This activates NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis and finally excretes inflammatory factors to induce VC; an antioxidant could rescue this process. It has been suggested that HAP could induce an imbalance in intracellular Ca2+homeostasis in A7R5 cells, followed by the promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell pyroptosis, finally enhancing VC. To detect thein vivotoxicity of HAP, mice were treated with Cy7-labelled HAP NPs for 24 h.In vivoresults also demonstrated that HAP accumulated in the kidneys, accompined with increased Ca concentration, upregulated oxidative stress-related factor and kidney damage. Overall, our research elucidates the mechanism of calcium homeostasis and redox imbalance, providing insights into the prevention of HAP-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohou Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichun Wen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
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