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Zhan Z, Wang Y, Xie H, Yang M, Ruan M, Liu X, Liu J, Liu Z, Wen F, Hong X, Hu C. Hierarchically Porous Microgels with Interior Spiral Canals for High-Efficiency Delivery of Stem Cells in Wound Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405648. [PMID: 39703097 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound poses a serious risk to diabetic patients, primarily due to damaged skin microvasculature and prolonged inflammation at the wound site. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy utilizing microgels as a cell delivery system has shown promise in promoting wound healing by enhancing cell viability and the secretion of bioactive factors. Retaining sufficient MSCs at injury sites is crucial for optimal therapeutic outcomes. However, inadequate hierarchical structure and limited use of the microgel's interior space significantly reduce cell proliferation and infiltration efficiency, thereby compromising the therapeutic effect. To address this, a microfluidic approach is developed for fabricating porous hierarchical interconnected microgels with interior spiral canals (PHIGels) by employing a fluidic "viscous instability" effect and gas formation reaction during the microfluidic synthesis. These MSC-laden PHIGel scaffolds facilitate rapid proliferation and infiltration into the interior spiral canals through a hierarchical pore network, significantly increasing the number of viable cells that can be carried by the microgels. It is proved that these microgel-based deliveries of MSCs promote re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and reduction in inflammation, thus enhancing cutaneous wound repair in a rat model of type I diabetes. The microporosity and hierarchical design of these microgels offer novel routes for tissue regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Hanhan Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muyang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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2
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Guan Z, Katla SK, Dahanayake V, Bae J. 3D Printable Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Suspensions with Temperature-Dependent Rheological Responses. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:14095-14105. [PMID: 39697841 PMCID: PMC11650633 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Microgel suspensions have garnered significant interest in fundamental research due to their phase transition between liquid-like to paste-like behaviors stemming from tunable interparticle and particle-solvent interactions. Particularly, stimuli-responsive microgels undergo faster volume changes in response to external stimuli in comparison to their bulk counterparts, while maintaining their structural integrity. Here, concentrated and diluted suspensions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgels are dispersed to different packing fractions in water for the characterizations of temperature-responsive rheological responses. In the intrinsic volume phase transition (VPT), polymer chains collapse, and microgels shrink to smaller sizes. Additionally, the intermicrogel and microgel-solvent interactions vary in VPT, which results in microgel clusters that significantly affect the linear shear moduli of suspensions. The effect of the temperature ramp rate of PNIPAm microgel suspensions on rheological responses is characterized. Moreover, the effect of the mass fraction of microgels on the relative viscosity of dilute microgel suspensions is investigated. These results shed light on understanding the heating and cooling rate-dependent temperature responsiveness of PNIPAm microgel suspensions, establishing pathways to regulate the rheological characteristics in temperature-responsive microgel-based platforms. Therefore, this work envisions technological advancements in different fields such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecun Guan
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | | | - Jinhye Bae
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical
Engineering Program, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Rovers MM, Rogkoti T, Bakker BK, Bakal KJ, van Genderen MH, Salmeron‐Sanchez M, Dankers PY. Using a Supramolecular Monomer Formulation Approach to Engineer Modular, Dynamic Microgels, and Composite Macrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405868. [PMID: 39463044 PMCID: PMC11636168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Microgels show advantages over bulk hydrogels due to convenient control over microgel size and composition, and the ability to use microgels to modularly construct larger hierarchical scaffold hydrogel materials. Here, supramolecular chemistry is used to formulate supramolecular polymer, dynamic microgels solely held together by non-covalent interactions. Four-fold hydrogen bonding ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) monomers with different functionalities are applied to precisely tune microgel properties in a modular way, via variations in monomer concentration, bifunctional crosslinker ratio, and the incorporation of supramolecular dyes and peptides. Functionalization with a bioactive supramolecular cell-adhesive peptide induced selectivity of cells toward the bioactive microgels over non-active, non-functionalized versions. Importantly, the supramolecular microgels can also be applied as microscale building blocks into supramolecular bulk macrogels with tunable dynamic behavior: a robust and weak macrogel, where the micro- and macrogels are composed of similar molecular building blocks. In a robust macrogel, microgels act as modular micro-building blocks, introducing multi-compartmentalization, while in a weak macrogel, microgels reinforce and enhance mechanical properties. This work demonstrates the potential to modularly engineer higher-length-scale structures using small molecule supramolecular monomers, wherein microgels serve as versatile and modular micro-building units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza M. Rovers
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLaboratory of Chemical BiologyEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Theodora Rogkoti
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of Glasgow, Advanced Research Centre11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Bram K. Bakker
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLaboratory of Chemical BiologyEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Kalpit J. Bakal
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.P. van Genderen
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLaboratory of Chemical BiologyEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Manuel Salmeron‐Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of Glasgow, Advanced Research Centre11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST)Barcelona08028Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Barcelona08010Spain
| | - Patricia Y.W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLaboratory of Chemical BiologyEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
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4
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Asadikorayerm M, Weber P, Surman F, Puiggalí-Jou A, Zenobi-Wong M. Foreign Body Immune Response to Zwitterionic and Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels Made with Mechanical Fragmentation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402890. [PMID: 39498680 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels have recently attracted the attention for diverse tissue engineering applications due to their versatility and modularity. Despite previous studies showing enhanced viability and metabolism of cells encapsulated in these hydrogels, the in vitro immune response and long-term fibrotic response of these scaffolds have not been well characterized. Here, bulk and granular hydrogels are studied based on synthetic zwitterionic (ZI) and natural polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) made with mechanical fragmentation. In vitro, immunomodulatory studies show an increased stimulatory effect of HA granular hydrogels compared to bulk, while both bulk and granular ZI hydrogels do not induce an inflammatory response. Subcutaneous implantation in mice shows that both ZI and HA granular hydrogels resulted in less collagen capsule deposition around implants compared to bulk HA hydrogels 10 weeks after implantation. Moreover, the HA granular hydrogels are infiltrated by host cells, including macrophages and mature blood vessels, in a porosity-dependent manner. However, a large number of cells, including multinucleated giant cells as well as blood vessels, surround bulk and granular ZI hydrogels and are not able to infiltrate. Overall, this study provides new insights on the long-term stability and fibrotic response of granular hydrogels, paving the way for future studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadikorayerm
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Weber
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Xu Y, Shen Y. The Assembly of Miniaturized Droplets toward Functional Architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2404366. [PMID: 39380419 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent explorations of bioengineering have generated new concepts and strategies for the processing of soft and functional materials. Droplet assembly techniques can address problems in the construction of extremely soft architectures by expanding the manufacturing capabilities using droplets containing liquid or hydrogels including weak hydrogels. This Perspective sets out to provide a brief overview of this growing field, and discusses the challenges and opportunities ahead. The study highlights the recent key advances of materials and architectures from hitherto effective droplet-assembly technologies, as well as the applications in biomedical and bioengineering fields from artificial tissues to bioreactors. It is envisaged that these assembled architectures, as nature-inspired models, will stimulate the discovery of biomaterials and miniaturized platforms for interdisciplinary research in health, biotechnology, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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6
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Nelson BR, Kirkpatrick BE, Skillin NP, Di Caprio N, Lee JS, Hibbard LP, Hach GK, Khang A, White TJ, Burdick JA, Bowman CN, Anseth KS. Facile Physicochemical Reprogramming of PEG-Dithiolane Microgels. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302925. [PMID: 37984810 PMCID: PMC11102926 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Granular biomaterials have found widespread applications in tissue engineering, in part because of their inherent porosity, tunable properties, injectability, and 3D printability. However, the assembly of granular hydrogels typically relies on spherical microparticles and more complex particle geometries have been limited in scope, often requiring templating of individual microgels by microfluidics or in-mold polymerization. Here, we use dithiolane-functionalized synthetic macromolecules to fabricate photopolymerized microgels via batch emulsion, and then harness the dynamic disulfide crosslinks to rearrange the network. Through unconfined compression between parallel plates in the presence of photoinitiated radicals, we transform the isotropic microgels are transformed into disks. Characterizing this process, we find that the areas of the microgel surface in contact with the compressive plates are flattened while the curvature of the uncompressed microgel boundaries increases. When cultured with C2C12 myoblasts, cells localize to regions of higher curvature on the disk-shaped microgel surfaces. This altered localization affects cell-driven construction of large supraparticle scaffold assemblies, with spherical particles assembling without specific junction structure while disk microgels assemble preferentially on their curved surfaces. These results represent a unique spatiotemporal process for rapid reprocessing of microgels into anisotropic shapes, providing new opportunities to study shape-driven mechanobiological cues during and after granular hydrogel assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Skillin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nikolas Di Caprio
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joshua S Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Lea Pearl Hibbard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Grace K Hach
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Alex Khang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Timothy J White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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7
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Zheng F, Tian R, Lu H, Liang X, Shafiq M, Uchida S, Chen H, Ma M. Droplet Microfluidics Powered Hydrogel Microparticles for Stem Cell-Mediated Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401400. [PMID: 38881184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-related therapeutic technologies have garnered significant attention of the research community for their multi-faceted applications. To promote the therapeutic effects of stem cells, the strategies for cell microencapsulation in hydrogel microparticles have been widely explored, as the hydrogel microparticles have the potential to facilitate oxygen diffusion and nutrient transport alongside their ability to promote crucial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Despite their significant promise, there is an acute shortage of automated, standardized, and reproducible platforms to further stem cell-related research. Microfluidics offers an intriguing platform to produce stem cell-laden hydrogel microparticles (SCHMs) owing to its ability to manipulate the fluids at the micrometer scale as well as precisely control the structure and composition of microparticles. In this review, the typical biomaterials and crosslinking methods for microfluidic encapsulation of stem cells as well as the progress in droplet-based microfluidics for the fabrication of SCHMs are outlined. Moreover, the important biomedical applications of SCHMs are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, scale-up production of stem cells, and microenvironmental simulation for fundamental cell studies. Overall, microfluidics holds tremendous potential for enabling the production of diverse hydrogel microparticles and is worthy for various stem cell-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hangrong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Asadikorayem M, Surman F, Weber P, Weber D, Zenobi-Wong M. Zwitterionic Granular Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301831. [PMID: 37501337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic hydrogels have high potential for cartilage tissue engineering due to their ultra-hydrophilicity, nonimmunogenicity, and superior antifouling properties. However, their application in this field has been limited so far, due to the lack of injectable zwitterionic hydrogels that allow for encapsulation of cells in a biocompatible manner. Herein, a novel strategy is developed to engineer cartilage employing zwitterionic granular hydrogels that are injectable, self-healing, in situ crosslinkable and allow for direct encapsulation of cells with biocompatibility. The granular hydrogel is produced by mechanical fragmentation of bulk photocrosslinked hydrogels made of zwitterionic carboxybetaine acrylamide (CBAA), or a mixture of CBAA and zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA). The produced microgels are enzymatically crosslinkable using horseradish peroxidase, to quickly stabilize the construct, resulting in a microporous hydrogel. Encapsulated human primary chondrocytes are highly viable and able to proliferate, migrate, and produce cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) in the zwitterionic granular hydrogel. It is also shown that by increasing hydrogel porosity and incorporation of SBMA, cell proliferation and ECM secretion are further improved. This strategy is a simple and scalable method, which has high potential for expanding the versatility and application of zwitterionic hydrogels for diverse tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadikorayem
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Weber
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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9
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Li H, Iyer KS, Bao L, Zhai J, Li JJ. Advances in the Development of Granular Microporous Injectable Hydrogels with Non-spherical Microgels and Their Applications in Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301597. [PMID: 37499268 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Granular microporous hydrogels are emerging as effective biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their improved characteristics compared to traditional nanoporous hydrogels, which better promote cell viability, cell migration, cellular/tissue infiltration, and tissue regeneration. Recent advances have resulted in the development of granular hydrogels made of non-spherical microgels, which compared to those made of spherical microgels have higher macroporosity, more stable mechanical properties, and better ability to guide the alignment and differentiation of cells in anisotropic tissue. The development of these hydrogels as an emerging research area is attracting increasing interest in regenerative medicine. This review first summarizes the fabrication techniques available for non-spherical microgels with different aspect-ratios. Then, it introduces the development of granular microporous hydrogels made of non-spherical microgels, their physicochemical characteristics, and their applications in tissue regeneration. The limitations and future outlook of research on microporous granular hydrogels are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Chemical and Environment Engineering Department, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Keerthi Subramanian Iyer
- Chemical and Environment Engineering Department, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Lei Bao
- Chemical and Environment Engineering Department, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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10
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Hong X, Tian G, Dai B, Zhou X, Gao Y, Zhu L, Liu H, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Ren D, Guo C, Nan J, Liu X, Wang J, Ren T. Copper-loaded Milk-Protein Derived Microgel Preserves Cardiac Metabolic Homeostasis After Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401527. [PMID: 39007192 PMCID: PMC11425262 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic modulation is a promising therapeutic approach to prevent adverse remodeling after MI. However, whether material-derived cues can treat MI through metabolic regulation is mainly unexplored. Herein, a Cu2+ loaded casein microgel (CuCMG) aiming to rescue the pathological intramyocardial metabolism for MI amelioration is developed. Cu2+ is an important ion factor involved in metabolic pathways, and intracardiac copper drain is observed after MI. It is thus speculated that intramyocardial supplementation of Cu2+ can rescue myocardial metabolism. Casein, a milk-derived protein, is screened out as Cu2+ carrier through molecular-docking based on Cu2+ loading capacity and accessibility. CuCMGs notably attenuate MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling, accompanied by increased angiogenesis. The results from unbiased transcriptome profiling and oxidative phosphorylation analyses support the hypothesis that CuCMG prominently rescued the metabolic homeostasis of myocardium after MI. These findings enhance the understanding of the design and application of metabolic-modulating biomaterials for ischemic cardiomyopathy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Geer Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Binyao Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Qinchao Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengchen Guo
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jinliang Nan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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11
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Goranov V. Biomaterials functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles for tissue engineering: Between advantages and challenges. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2024; 15:100100. [PMID: 39297073 PMCID: PMC11409007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2024.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into biomaterials offers exciting opportunities for tissue engineering as they enable better control over cell guidance, release of bioactive factors and tissue maturation. Despite their potential, challenges such as the heterogeneity of MNPs, their cytotoxicity and the need for precise control of MNP`s properties hinder their widespread application. Overcoming these challenges will require new interdisciplinary efforts and technological advances, including the development of mathematical tools and additional elaborations to ensure the biocompatibility of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Goranov
- BioDevice Systems s.r.o., Bulharska 996/20, Praha 10, Czech Republic
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12
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Tomioka D, Jung SA, Pich A, Matsusaki M. Fabrication of oxygen-releasing dextran microgels by droplet-based microfluidic method. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26544-26555. [PMID: 39175690 PMCID: PMC11339778 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the tissue engineering field, the supply of oxygen to three-dimensional (3D) tissues is an important aspect to avoid necrosis due to hypoxia. Although oxygen-releasing bulk materials containing calcium peroxide (CaO2, CP) have attracted much attention, micrometer-sized oxygen-releasing soft materials would be advantageous because of their highly controllable structures, which can be applied for cell scaffolds, injectable materials, and bioink components in 3D bioprinting. In this study, oxygen-releasing microgels were fabricated via a droplet-based microfluidic system. Homogeneous, monodisperse and stable oxygen-releasing microgels were obtained by photo-crosslinking of droplets composed of biocompatible dextran modified with methacrylate groups and CP nanoparticles as an oxygen source. We also used our microfluidic system for the in situ amorphous calcium carbonate (CaCO3, ACC) formation on the surface of CP nanoparticles to achieve the controlled release of oxygen from the microgel. Oxygen release from an ACC-CP microgel in a neutral cell culture medium was suppressed because incorporation of CP in the ACC suppressed the reaction with water. Strikingly, stimuli to dissolve ACC such as a weak acidic conditions triggered the oxygen release from microgels loaded with ACC-CP, as the dissolution of CaCO3 allows CP to react. Taken together, applications of this new class of biomaterials for tissue engineering are greatly anticipated. In addition, the developed microfluidic system can be used for a variety of oxygen-releasing microgels by changing the substrates of the hydrogel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tomioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shannon Anna Jung
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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13
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Liu X, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Chen E. Application of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1433050. [PMID: 39192983 PMCID: PMC11347446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress in recent years, with numerous studies worldwide. Immunotherapy has had a transformative impact on oncology and autoimmune diseases. In the biomedical arena, hydrogels with good properties are widely used in cancer immunotherapy. Our study used bibliometrics to analyze the changing trends in using hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy. Methods From 2013 to 2023, a systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify reviews and articles discussing the applications of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy. The software CiteSpace was used to visually perform the bibliometric analysis in terms of research trends, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. Individual authors' productivity was assessed with the Lotka's law. The most relevant publication sources were identified by Bradford's law. Results A total of 422 English-language publications related to hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy were collected. The number of annual publications increased rapidly after 2021 and remained constant for the past two years. China published the most articles in this field. The institution with the maximum number of published articles was the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China. Chen. Q was the most prolific author, and Liu. Z was the second most published author. In terms of journal contributions, the journal "Biomaterials" had the highest number of publications (n = 30). Biomaterials, Advanced Functional Materials and Journal of Controlled Release were the most influential journals. Keyword analysis revealed that cancer immunotherapy, drug delivery, immunogenic cell death, tumor microenvironment, injectable hydrogels, and immune checkpoint blockade were the primary research hotspots. In recent 3 years, adoptive T-cell therapy, black phosphorus, cell capture, adaptive cell therapy, tumor microenvironment, photodynamic therapy, and sustained release were the research hotspots in this field. Our study summarizes the objective of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy in recent years, providing a reference for potential researchers in related field. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis shows the progress and trend of research on hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy. This study provides a significant avenue for future investigation into current concerns and trends in research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Erhua Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Zhong H, Hussain M, Hussain K, Wang L, Abdullah, Qayum A, S Hamed Y, Guan R. Nanoliposomes a future based delivery vehicle of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside against major chronic disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39097751 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2384646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), is an anthocyanin mainly found in berries, and can also be produced by microorganisms. It has been traditionally used as a natural coloring agent for decades. Recently, it has been investigated for its high antioxidant activity and anti-cancer attributes. C3G has low bioavailability and is sensitive to oxidation and gastric pH; therefore, it is encapsulated in nanoliposomes to enhance its bio-availability, targeted delivery- and efficacy against chronic disease. SCOPE AND APPROACH In this review, the role of C3G nanoliposomes against major chronic diseases has been discussed. The focus was on research findings and the mechanism of action to affect the proliferation of cancer, neuro disease and cardiovascular problems. It also discussed the formulation of nanoliposomes, their role in nutraceutical delivery and enhancement in C3G bioavailability. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Data suggested that nanoliposomes safeguard C3G, enhance bioavailability, and ensure safe, adequate and targeted delivery. It can reduce the impact of cancer and inflammation by inhibiting the ß-catenin/O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) pathway and upregulating miR-214-5p. Formation of C3G nanoliposomes significantly enhances the nutraceutical efficacy of C3G against major chronic disease therefore, C3G nanoliposomes might be a future-based nutraceutical to treat major chronic diseases, including cancer, neuro problems and CVD, but challenges remain in finding correct dose and techniques to maximize its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- Moganshan Institute ZJUT, Kangqian District, Deqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kifayat Hussain
- Departments of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lingmiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdullah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yahya S Hamed
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rongfa Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Moganshan Institute ZJUT, Kangqian District, Deqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Fang W, Yu Z, Gao G, Yang M, Du X, Wang Y, Fu Q. Light-based 3D bioprinting technology applied to repair and regeneration of different tissues: A rational proposal for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101135. [PMID: 39040222 PMCID: PMC11262185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology, a subset of 3D printing technology, is currently witnessing widespread utilization in tissue repair and regeneration endeavors. In particular, light-based 3D bioprinting technology has garnered significant interest and favor. Central to its successful implementation lies the judicious selection of photosensitive polymers. Moreover, by fine-tuning parameters such as light irradiation time, choice of photoinitiators and crosslinkers, and their concentrations, the properties of the scaffolds can be tailored to suit the specific requirements of the targeted tissue repair sites. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of commonly utilized bio-inks suitable for light-based 3D bioprinting, delving into the distinctive characteristics of each material. Furthermore, we delineate strategies for bio-ink selection tailored to diverse repair locations, alongside methods for optimizing printing parameters. Ultimately, we present a coherent synthesis aimed at enhancing the practical application of light-based 3D bioprinting technology in tissue engineering, while also addressing current challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guo Gao
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
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16
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Chen R, Wang P, Xie J, Tang Z, Fu J, Ning Y, Zhong Q, Wang D, Lei M, Mai H, Li H, Shi Z, Wang J, Cheng H. A multifunctional injectable, self-healing, and adhesive hydrogel-based wound dressing stimulated diabetic wound healing with combined reactive oxygen species scavenging, hyperglycemia reducing, and bacteria-killing abilities. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:444. [PMID: 39068417 PMCID: PMC11283728 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The proficient handling of diabetic wounds, a rising issue coinciding with the global escalation of diabetes cases, poses significant clinical difficulties. A range of biofunctional dressings have been engineered and produced to expedite the healing process of diabetic wounds. This study proposes a multifunctional hydrogel dressing for diabetic wound healing, which is composed of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and N1-(4-boronobenzyl)-N3-(4-boronophenyl)-N1, N1, N3, N3-teramethylpropane-1, 3-diaminium (TSPBA), and a dual-drug loaded Gelatin methacryloyl (GM) microgel. The GM microgel is loaded with sodium fusidate (SF) and nanoliposomes (LP) that contain metformin hydrochloride (MH). Notably, adhesive and self-healing properties the hydrogel enhance their therapeutic potential and ease of application. In vitro assessments indicate that SF-infused hydrogel can eliminate more than 98% of bacteria within 24 h and maintain a sustained release over 15 days. Additionally, MH incorporated within the hydrogel has demonstrated effective glucose level regulation for a duration exceeding 15 days. The hydrogel demonstrates a sustained ability to neutralize ROS throughout the entire healing process, predominantly by electron donation and sequestration. This multifunctional hydrogel dressing, which integrated biological functions of efficient bactericidal activity against both MSSA and MRSA strains, blood glucose modulation, and control of active oxygen levels, has successfully promoted the healing of diabetic wounds in rats in 14 days. The hydrogel dressing exhibited significant effectiveness in facilitating the healing process of diabetic wounds, highlighting its considerable promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pinkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zinan Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinlang Fu
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanhong Ning
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingyuan Lei
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huaming Mai
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Lev R, Bar-Am O, Saar G, Guardiola O, Minchiotti G, Peled E, Seliktar D. Development of a local controlled release system for therapeutic proteins in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and diseases. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:470. [PMID: 38956034 PMCID: PMC11219926 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to develop and characterize a controlled-release delivery system for protein therapeutics in skeletal muscle regeneration following an acute injury. The therapeutic protein, a membrane-GPI anchored protein called Cripto, was immobilized in an injectable hydrogel delivery vehicle for local administration and sustained release. The hydrogel was made of poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PEG-Fibrinogen, PF), in the form of injectable microspheres. The PF microspheres exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 100 micrometers, and the Cripto protein was uniformly entrapped within them. The release rate of Cripto from the PF microspheres was controlled by tuning the crosslinking density of the hydrogel, which was varied by changing the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) crosslinker. In vitro experiments confirmed a sustained-release profile of Cripto from the PF microspheres for up to 27 days. The released Cripto was biologically active and promoted the in vitro proliferation of mouse myoblasts. The therapeutic effect of PF-mediated delivery of Cripto in vivo was tested in a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model in mice. The Cripto caused an increase in the in vivo expression of the myogenic markers Pax7, the differentiation makers eMHC and Desmin, higher numbers of centro-nucleated myofibers and greater areas of regenerated muscle tissue. Collectively, these results establish the PF microspheres as a potential delivery system for the localized, sustained release of therapeutic proteins toward the accelerated repair of damaged muscle tissue following acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lev
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orit Bar-Am
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Saar
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ombretta Guardiola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Eli Peled
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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18
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Del Giudice F, Curtis DJ, Aufderhorst-Roberts A. A New Approach for On-Chip Production of Biological Microgels Using Photochemical Cross-Linking. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10140-10144. [PMID: 38862384 PMCID: PMC11209654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical cross-linking is a key step for manufacturing microgels in numerous applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, material production, and wound healing. Existing photochemical cross-linking techniques in microfluidic devices rely on UV curing, which can cause cell and DNA damage. We address this challenge by developing a microfluidic workflow for producing microgels using visible light-driven photochemical cross-linking of aqueous droplets dispersed in a continuous oil phase. We report a proof-of-concept to construct microgels from the protein Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with [Ru(bpy)3]2+ mediated cross-linking. By controlling the capillary number of the continuous and dispersed phases, the volumetric flow rate, and the photochemical reaction time within the microfluidic tubing, we demonstrate the construction of protein microgels with controllable and uniform dimensions. Our technique can, in principle, be applied to a wide range of different proteins with biological and responsive properties. This work therefore bridges the gap between hydrogel manufacturing using visible light and microfluidic microgel templating, facilitating numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Giudice
- Complex
Fluids Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J. Curtis
- Complex
Fluids Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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19
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Li Y, Song W, Kong L, He Y, Li H. Injectable and Microporous Microgel-Fiber Granular Hydrogel Loaded with Bioglass and siRNA for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309599. [PMID: 38054634 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels find extensive application in the treatment of diabetic wound healing. However, traditional bulk hydrogels are significantly limited due to their nano-porous structure, which obstructs cell migration and tissue infiltration. Moreover, regulating inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase -9 (MMP-9) expression in diabetic wounds is crucial for enhancing wound healing. This study marks the first instance of introducing an efficient, scalable, and simple method for producing microfiber-gel granules encapsulating bioceramics powders. Utilizing this method, an injectable microporous granular microgel-fiber hydrogel (MFgel) is successfully developed by assembling microgel-fibers made from hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA) loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and bioglass (BG) particles. Compared to traditional hydrogels (Tgel), MFgel possesses a highly interconnected network with micron-sized pores, demonstrating favorable properties for cell adhesion and penetration in in vitro experiments. Additionally, MFgel exhibits a higher compressive modulus and superior mechanical stability. When implanted subcutaneously in mice, MFgel promotes cellular and tissue infiltration, facilitating cell proliferation. Furthermore, when applied to skin defects in diabetic rats, MFgel not only effectively regulates inflammation and suppresses MMP-9 expression but also enhances angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thereby significantly accelerating diabetic wound healing. Taken together, this hydrogel possesses great potential in diabetic wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lingzhi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaohua He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201500, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Chemical and Environment Engineering Department, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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20
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Zhan Y, Jiang W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Guo K, Sun J. Utilizing bioprinting to engineer spatially organized tissues from the bottom-up. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:101. [PMID: 38589956 PMCID: PMC11003108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the growing demand for organ substitutes, tissue engineering has evolved significantly. However, it is still challenging to create functional tissues and organs. Tissue engineering from the 'bottom-up' is promising on solving this problem due to its ability to construct tissues with physiological complexity. The workflow of this strategy involves two key steps: the creation of building blocks, and the subsequent assembly. There are many techniques developed for the two pivotal steps. Notably, bioprinting is versatile among these techniques and has been widely used in research. With its high level of automation, bioprinting has great capacity in engineering tissues with precision and holds promise to construct multi-material tissues. In this review, we summarize the techniques applied in fabrication and assembly of building blocks. We elaborate mechanisms and applications of bioprinting, particularly in the 'bottom-up' strategy. We state our perspectives on future trends of bottom-up tissue engineering, hoping to provide useful reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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21
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Chung H, Choi JK, Hong C, Lee Y, Hong KH, Oh SJ, Kim J, Song SC, Kim JW, Kim SH. A micro-fragmented collagen gel as a cell-assembling platform for critical limb ischemia repair. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:80-97. [PMID: 38143565 PMCID: PMC10733640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a devastating disease characterized by the progressive blockage of blood vessels. Although the paracrine effect of growth factors in stem cell therapy made it a promising angiogenic therapy for CLI, poor cell survival in the harsh ischemic microenvironment limited its efficacy. Thus, an imperative need exists for a stem-cell delivery method that enhances cell survival. Here, a collagen microgel (CMG) cell-delivery scaffold (40 × 20 μm) was fabricated via micro-fragmentation from collagen-hyaluronic acid polyionic complex to improve transplantation efficiency. Culturing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with CMG enabled integrin receptors to interact with CMG to form injectable 3-dimensional constructs (CMG-hASCs) with a microporous microarchitecture and enhanced mass transfer. CMG-hASCs exhibited higher cell survival (p < 0.0001) and angiogenic potential in tube formation and aortic ring angiogenesis assays than cell aggregates. Injection of CMG-hASCs intramuscularly into CLI mice increased blood perfusion and limb salvage ratios by 40 % and 60 %, respectively, compared to cell aggregate-treated mice. Further immunofluorescent analysis revealed that transplanted CMG-hASCs have greater muscle regenerative and angiogenic potential, with enhanced cell survival than cell aggregates (p < 0.05). Collectively, we propose CMG as a cell-assembling platform and CMG-hASCs as promising therapeutics to treat CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyun Choi
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgi Hong
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseop Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Hong
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chang Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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22
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Tuftee C, Alsberg E, Ozbolat IT, Rizwan M. Emerging granular hydrogel bioinks to improve biological function in bioprinted constructs. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:339-352. [PMID: 37852853 PMCID: PMC10939978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in 3D bioprinting have been hindered by the trade-off between printability and biological functionality. Existing bioinks struggle to meet both requirements simultaneously. However, new types of bioinks composed of densely packed microgels promise to address this challenge. These bioinks possess intrinsic porosity, allowing for cell growth, oxygen and nutrient transport, and better immunomodulatory properties, leading to superior biological functions. In this review, we highlight key trends in the development of these granular bioinks. Using examples, we demonstrate how granular bioinks overcome the trade-off between printability and cell function. Granular bioinks show promise in 3D bioprinting, yet understanding their unique structure-property-function relationships is crucial to fully leverage the transformative capabilities of these new types of bioinks in bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Tuftee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC) at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ibrahim Tarik Ozbolat
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University; Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Medical Oncology Department, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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23
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An C, Zhang S, Xu J, Zhang Y, Dou Z, Shao F, Long C, yang J, Wang H, Liu J. The microparticulate inks for bioprinting applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100930. [PMID: 38293631 PMCID: PMC10825055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a groundbreaking technology for fabricating intricate and functional tissue constructs. Central to this technology are the bioinks, which provide structural support and mimic the extracellular environment, which is crucial for cellular executive function. This review summarizes the latest developments in microparticulate inks for 3D bioprinting and presents their inherent challenges. We categorize micro-particulate materials, including polymeric microparticles, tissue-derived microparticles, and bioactive inorganic microparticles, and introduce the microparticle ink formulations, including granular microparticles inks consisting of densely packed microparticles and composite microparticle inks comprising microparticles and interstitial matrix. The formulations of these microparticle inks are also delved into highlighting their capabilities as modular entities in 3D bioprinting. Finally, existing challenges and prospective research trajectories for advancing the design of microparticle inks for bioprinting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiqing Xu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenzhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jianhua yang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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24
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Surman F, Asadikorayem M, Weber P, Weber D, Zenobi-Wong M. Ionically annealed zwitterionic microgels for bioprinting of cartilaginous constructs. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025004. [PMID: 38176081 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad1b1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Foreign body response (FBR) is a pervasive problem for biomaterials used in tissue engineering. Zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as an effective solution to this problem, due to their ultra-low fouling properties, which enable them to effectively inhibit FBRin vivo. However, no versatile zwitterionic bioink that allows for high resolution extrusion bioprinting of tissue implants has thus far been reported. In this work, we introduce a simple, novel method for producing zwitterionic microgel bioink, using alginate methacrylate (AlgMA) as crosslinker and mechanical fragmentation as a microgel fabrication method. Photocrosslinked hydrogels made of zwitterionic carboxybetaine acrylamide (CBAA) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) are mechanically fragmented through meshes with aperture diameters of 50 and 90µm to produce microgel bioink. The bioinks made with both microgel sizes showed excellent rheological properties and were used for high-resolution printing of objects with overhanging features without requiring a support structure or support bath. The AlgMA crosslinker has a dual role, allowing for both primary photocrosslinking of the bulk hydrogel as well as secondary ionic crosslinking of produced microgels, to quickly stabilize the printed construct in a calcium bath and to produce a microporous scaffold. Scaffolds showed ∼20% porosity, and they supported viability and chondrogenesis of encapsulated human primary chondrocytes. Finally, a meniscus model was bioprinted, to demonstrate the bioink's versatility at printing large, cell-laden constructs which are stable for furtherin vitroculture to promote cartilaginous tissue production. This easy and scalable strategy of producing zwitterionic microgel bioink for high resolution extrusion bioprinting allows for direct cell encapsulation in a microporous scaffold and has potential forin vivobiocompatibility due to the zwitterionic nature of the bioink.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Asadikorayem
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Weber
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Khan MUA, Stojanović GM, Abdullah MFB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Marei HE, Ashammakhi N, Hasan A. Fundamental properties of smart hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127882. [PMID: 37951446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an advanced and potential biomedical approach to treat patients suffering from lost or failed an organ or tissue to repair and regenerate damaged tissues that increase life expectancy. The biopolymers have been used to fabricate smart hydrogels to repair damaged tissue as they imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM) with intricate structural and functional characteristics. These hydrogels offer desired and controllable qualities, such as tunable mechanical stiffness and strength, inherent adaptability and biocompatibility, swellability, and biodegradability, all crucial for tissue engineering. Smart hydrogels provide a superior cellular environment for tissue engineering, enabling the generation of cutting-edge synthetic tissues due to their special qualities, such as stimuli sensitivity and reactivity. Numerous review articles have presented the exceptional potential of hydrogels for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. Still, it is essential to write a comprehensive review article on smart hydrogels that successfully addresses the essential challenging issues in tissue engineering. Hence, the recent development on smart hydrogel for state-of-the-art tissue engineering conferred progress, highlighting significant challenges and future perspectives. This review discusses recent advances in smart hydrogels fabricated from biological macromolecules and their use for advanced tissue engineering. It also provides critical insight, emphasizing future research directions and progress in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mohd Faizal Bin Abdullah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | - Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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26
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Jung SH, Meyer F, Hörnig S, Bund M, Häßel B, Guerzoni LPB, De Laporte L, Ben Messaoud G, Centeno SP, Pich A. On-Chip Fabrication of Colloidal Suprastructures by Assembly and Supramolecular Interlinking of Microgels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303444. [PMID: 37705132 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this report, a versatile method is demonstrated to create colloidal suprastructures by assembly and supramolecular interlinking of microgels using droplet-based microfluidics. The behavior of the microgels is systematically investigated to evaluate the influence of their concentration on their distribution between the continuous, the droplet phase, and the interface. At low concentrations, microgels are mainly localized at the water-oil interface whereas an excess of microgels results, following the complete coverage of the water-oil interface, in their distribution in the continuous phase. To stabilize the colloidal suprastructure, on-chip gelation is introduced by adding natural polyphenol tannic acid (TA) in the water phase. TA forms interparticle linking between the poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) microgels by supramolecular interactions. The combination of supramolecular interlinking with the variation of the microgel concentration in microfluidic droplets enables on-chip fabrication of defined colloidal suprastructures with morphologies ranging from colloidosomes to colloidal supraballs. The obtained supracolloidal structures exhibit a pH-responsive behavior with a disintegration at alkaline conditions within a scale of seconds. The destabilization process results from the deprotonation of phenolic groups and destruction of hydrogen bonds with PVCL chains at higher pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyeong Jung
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Meyer
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Hörnig
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michelle Bund
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Häßel
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ghazi Ben Messaoud
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia P Centeno
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, RD Geleen, 6167, The Netherlands
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27
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Sergeev AV, Rudyak VY, Kozhunova EY, Chertovich AV, Khokhlov AR. Theoretical Study of Microgel Functional Groups' Mobility. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:11083-11090. [PMID: 38095423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microgels, micrometer-sized cross-linked polymer particles, are considered to be a promising type of advanced materials for a wide range of applications. To enhance the microgels' applicability, it is essential to incorporate various functional groups into a microparticle polymer network. Yet, the availability of functional groups for the interaction with surroundings depends strongly on the properties of the polymer network and has a great impact on further effective usage. In this theoretical study, we address this question and, with the help of coarse-grained molecular dynamics computer simulations, assess the segmental mobility and accessibility of functional groups bound to polymer network depending on microgel architecture and solvent quality. Additionally, we evaluate the minimum number of functional groups needed to facilitate the hopping mechanism between the functional groups (i.e., charge transfer). As an example of practical implementation of the obtained results, we estimate the optimal network topology for redox-active microgels to provide the maximum charge capacity for the dispersion electrolyte in redox-flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sergeev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Chertovich
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A R Khokhlov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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28
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Liu J, Tang C, Huang J, Gu J, Yin J, Xu G, Yan S. Nanofiber Composite Microchannel-Containing Injectable Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302293. [PMID: 37689993 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage tissue is incapable of self-repair and therapies for cartilage defects are still lacking. Injectable hydrogels have drawn much attention in the field of cartilage regeneration. Herein, the novel design of nanofiber composite microchannel-containing hydrogels inspired by the tunnel-piled structure of subway tunnels is proposed. Based on the aldehydized polyethylene glycol/carboxymethyl chitosan (APA/CMCS) hydrogels, thermosensitive gelatin microrods (GMs) are used as a pore-forming agent, and coaxial electrospinning polylactic acid/gelatin fibers (PGFs) loaded with kartogenin (KGN) are used as a reinforcing agent and a drug delivery system to construct the nanofiber composite microchannel-containing injectable hydrogels (APA/CMCS/KGN@PGF/GM hydrogels). The in situ formation, micromorphology and porosity, swelling and degradation, mechanical properties, self-healing behavior, as well as drug release of the nanofiber composite microchannel-containing hydrogels are investigated. The hydrogel exhibits good self-healing ability, and the introduction of PGF nanofibers can significantly improve the mechanical properties. The drug delivery system can realize sustained release of KGN to match the process of cartilage repair. The microchannel structure effectively promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and ingrowth within the hydrogels. In vitro and animal experiments indicate that the APA/CMCS/KGN@PGF/GM hydrogels can enhance the chondrogenesis of BMSCs and promote neocartilage formation in the rabbit cartilage defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Gu
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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29
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Wu X, Barner-Kowollik C. Fluorescence-readout as a powerful macromolecular characterisation tool. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12815-12849. [PMID: 38023522 PMCID: PMC10664555 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant progress in synthetic macromolecular chemistry, which can provide access to diverse macromolecules with varying structural complexities, topology and functionalities, bringing us closer to the aim of controlling soft matter material properties with molecular precision. To reach this goal, the development of advanced analytical techniques, allowing for micro-, molecular level and real-time investigation, is essential. Due to their appealing features, including high sensitivity, large contrast, fast and real-time response, as well as non-invasive characteristics, fluorescence-based techniques have emerged as a powerful tool for macromolecular characterisation to provide detailed information and give new and deep insights beyond those offered by commonly applied analytical methods. Herein, we critically examine how fluorescence phenomena, principles and techniques can be effectively exploited to characterise macromolecules and soft matter materials and to further unravel their constitution, by highlighting representative examples of recent advances across major areas of polymer and materials science, ranging from polymer molecular weight and conversion, architecture, conformation to polymer self-assembly to surfaces, gels and 3D printing. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for fluorescence-readout to further advance the development of macromolecules, leading to the design of polymers and soft matter materials with pre-determined and adaptable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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30
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Nguyen TPT, Li F, Hung B, Truong VX, Thissen H, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Cell Microencapsulation within Gelatin-PEG Microgels Using a Simple Pipet Tip-Based Device. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6024-6033. [PMID: 37788301 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are microscale particles of hydrogel that can be laden with cells and used to create macroporous tissue constructs. Their ability to support cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions, along with the high levels of nutrient and metabolite exchange facilitated by their high surface area-to-volume ratio, means that they are attracting increasing attention for a variety of tissue regeneration applications. Here, we present methods for fabricating and modifying the structure of microfluidic devices using commonly available laboratory consumables including pipet tips and PTFE and silicon tubing to produce microgels. Different microfluidic devices realized the controlled generation of a wide size range (130-800 μm) of microgels for cell encapsulation. Subsequently, we describe the process of encapsulating mesenchymal stromal cells in microgels formed by photo-cross-linking of gelatin-norbornene and PEG dithiol. The introduced pipet-based chip offers simplicity, tunability, and versatility, making it easily assembled in most laboratories to effectively produce cell-laden microgels for various applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy P T Nguyen
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Brendan Hung
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vinh Xuan Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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31
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Taravatfard AZ, Ceballos-Gonzalez C, Siddique AB, Bolivar-Monsalve J, Madadelahi M, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Moisés Alvarez M, Pramanick AK, Martinez Guerra E, Kulinsky L, Madou MJ, Martinez SO, Ray M. Nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dot incorporated GelMA microgels as fluorescent 3D-tissue Constructs. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16277-16286. [PMID: 37650749 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer microgels present many opportunities in biomedicine and tissue engineering. To understand their in vivo behavior in therapeutic interventions, long-term monitoring is critical, which is usually achieved by incorporating fluorescent materials within the hydrogel matrix. Current research is limited due to issues concerning the biocompatibility and instability of the conventional fluorescent species, which also tend to adversely affect the bio-functionality of the hydrogels. Here, we introduce a microfluidic-based approach to generate nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dot (NGQD) incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel microspheres, capable of long-term monitoring while preserving or enhancing the other favorable features of 3D cell encapsulation. A multilayer droplet-based microfluidic device was designed and fabricated to make monodisperse NGQD-loaded GelMA hydrogel microspheres encapsulating skeletal muscle cells (C2C12). Control over the sizes of microspheres could be achieved by tuning the flow rates in the microfluidic device. Skeletal muscle cells encapsulated in these microgels exhibited high cell viability from day 1 (82.9 ± 6.50%) to day 10 (92.1 ± 3.90%). The NGQD-loaded GelMA microgels encapsulating the cells demonstrated higher metabolic activity compared to the GelMA microgels. Presence of sarcomeric α-actin was verified by immunofluorescence staining on day 10. A fluorescence signal was observed from the NGQD-loaded microgels during the entire period of the study. The investigation reveals the advantages of integrating NGQDs in microgels for non-invasive imaging and monitoring of cell-laden microspheres and presents new opportunities for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Zahra Taravatfard
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
| | | | - Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Martinez Guerra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Materiales Avanzados, CIMAV Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Apodaca, Nuevo León, C.P. 66628, Mexico
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marc J Madou
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sergio O Martinez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
| | - Mallar Ray
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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32
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Lee HP, Cai KX, Wang TC, Davis R, Deo K, Singh KA, Lele TP, Gaharwar AK. Dynamically crosslinked thermoresponsive granular hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1577-1587. [PMID: 37199446 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels are a promising biomaterial for a wide range of biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration, drug/cell delivery, and 3D printing. These granular hydrogels are created by assembling microgels through the jamming process. However, current methods for interconnecting the microgels often limit their use due to the reliance on postprocessing for crosslinking through photoinitiated reactions or enzymatic catalysis. To address this limitation, we incorporated a thiol-functionalized thermo-responsive polymer into oxidized hyaluronic acid microgel assemblies. The rapid exchange rate of thiol-aldehyde dynamic covalent bonds allows the microgel assembly to be shear-thinning and self-healing, with the phase transition behavior of the thermo-responsive polymer serving as secondary crosslinking to stabilize the granular hydrogels network at body temperature. This two-stage crosslinking system provides excellent injectability and shape stability, while maintaining mechanical integrity. In addition, the aldehyde groups of the microgels act as covalent binding sites for sustained drug release. These granular hydrogels can be used as scaffolds for cell delivery and encapsulation, and can be 3D printed without the need for post-printing processing to maintain mechanical stability. Overall, our work introduces thermo-responsive granular hydrogels with promising potential for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Pang Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kathy Xiao Cai
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ting-Ching Wang
- Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Davis
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kaivalya Deo
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kanwar Abhay Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics & Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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33
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Zhao Q, Du X, Wang M. Electrospinning and Cell Fibers in Biomedical Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300092. [PMID: 37166021 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human body tissues such as muscle, blood vessels, tendon/ligaments, and nerves have fiber-like fascicle morphologies, where ordered organization of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) within the bundles in specific 3D manners orchestrates cells and ECM to provide tissue functions. Through engineering cell fibers (which are fibers containing living cells) as living building blocks with the help of emerging "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies, it is now possible to reconstitute/recreate the fiber-like fascicle morphologies and their spatiotemporally specific cell-cell/cell-ECM interactions in vitro, thereby enabling the modeling, therapy, or repair of these fibrous tissues. In this article, a concise review is provided of the "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies and materials usable for fabricating cell fibers, with an emphasis on electrospinning that can effectively and efficiently produce thin cell fibers and with properly designed processes, 3D cell-laden structures that mimic those of native fibrous tissues. The importance and applications of cell fibers as models, therapeutic platforms, or analogs/replacements for tissues for areas such as drug testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering are highlighted. Challenges, in terms of biomimicry of high-order hierarchical structures and complex dynamic cellular microenvironments of native tissues, as well as opportunities for cell fibers in a myriad of biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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34
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Shono M, Honda G, Yanagisawa M, Yoshikawa K, Shioi A. Spontaneous Formation of Uniform Cell-Sized Microgels through Water/Water Phase Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302193. [PMID: 37224803 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a one-step method is discussed for producing uniform cell-sized microgels using glass capillaries filled with a binary polymer blend of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin. Upon decreasing temperature, phase separation of the PEG/gelatin blends and gelation of gelatin occur, and then the polymer blend forms linearly aligned, uniformly sized gelatin microgels in the glass capillary. When DNA is added to the polymer solution, gelatin microgels entrapping DNA are spontaneously formed, and the DNA prevents the coalescence of the microdroplets even at temperatures above the melting point. This novel method to form uniform cell-sized microgels may be applicable to other biopolymers. This method is expected to contribute to diverse materials science via biopolymer microgels and biophysics and synthetic biology through cellular models containing biopolymer gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Shono
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University, 6100321, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Honda
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Miho Yanagisawa
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 6100394, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, 606 8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Shioi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University, 6100321, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Asadikorayem M, Maniura-Weber K, Zenobi-Wong M. Growth factor-loaded sulfated microislands in granular hydrogels promote hMSCs migration and chondrogenic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:69-84. [PMID: 37030622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for articular cartilage lesions are expensive and time-consuming; clearly, a one-step procedure to induce endogenous repair would have significant clinical benefits. Acellular heterogeneous granular hydrogels were explored for their injectability, cell-friendly cross-linking, and ability to promote migration, as well as to serve as a scaffold for depositing cartilage extracellular matrix. The hydrogels were prepared by mechanical sizing of bulk methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and bulk HAMA incorporating sulfated HAMA (SHAMA). SHAMA's negative charges allowed for the retention of positively charged growth factors (GFs) (e.g., TGFB3 and PDGF-BB). Mixtures of HAMA and GF-loaded SHAMA microgels were annealed by enzymatic cross-linking, forming heterogeneous granular hydrogels with GF deposits. The addition of GF loaded sulfated microislands guided cell migration and enhanced chondrogenesis. Granular heterogeneous hydrogels showed increased matrix deposition and cartilage tissue maturation compared to bulk or homogeneous granular hydrogels. This advanced material provides an ideal 3D environment for guiding cell migration and differentiation into cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Acellular materials which promote regeneration are of great interest for repair of cartilage defects, and they are more cost- and time-effective compared to current cell-based therapies. Here we develop an injectable, granular hydrogel system which promotes cell migration from the surrounding tissue, facilitating endogenous repair. The hydrogel architecture and chemistry were optimized to increase cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition. The present study provides quantitative data on the effect of microgel size and chemical modification on cell migration, growth factor retention and tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Asadikorayem
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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36
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, El-Dakroury WA, Doghish AS, Tanaka R. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: smart state of-the-art platforms for cardiac tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1174075. [PMID: 37449088 PMCID: PMC10337592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1174075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedicine and tissue regeneration have made significant advancements recently, positively affecting the whole healthcare spectrum. This opened the way for them to develop their applications for revitalizing damaged tissues. Thus, their functionality will be restored. Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) using curative procedures that combine biomolecules, biomimetic scaffolds, and cells plays a critical part in this path. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs) are excellent three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) and various biomedical applications. They can mimic the intrinsic tissues' physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics in a variety of ways. They also provide for 3D setup, adequate aqueous conditions, and the mechanical consistency required for cell development. Furthermore, they function as competent delivery platforms for various biomolecules. Many natural and synthetic polymers were used to fabricate these intelligent platforms with innovative enhanced features and specialized capabilities that are appropriate for CTE applications. In the present review, different strategies employed for CTE were outlined. The light was shed on the limitations of the use of conventional hydrogels in CTE. Moreover, diverse types of SRHs, their characteristics, assembly and exploitation for CTE were discussed. To summarize, recent development in the construction of SRHs increases their potential to operate as intelligent, sophisticated systems in the reconstruction of degenerated cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Pareja Tello R, Wang S, Fontana F, Correia A, Molinaro G, López Cerdà S, Hietala S, Hirvonen J, Barreto G, Santos HA. Fabrication of hydrogel microspheres via microfluidics using inverse electron demand Diels-Alder click chemistry-based tetrazine-norbornene for drug delivery and cell encapsulation applications. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37334482 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of polymeric hydrogel microspheres (MPs) can be designed for the loading of different biologically active cargos and living cells. Among different gelation strategies, ionically crosslinked microspheres generally show limited mechanical properties, meanwhile covalently crosslinked microspheres often require the use of crosslinking agents or initiators with limited biocompatibility. Inverse electron demand Diels Alder (iEDDA) click chemistry is a promising covalent crosslinking method with fast kinetics, high chemoselectivity, high efficiency and no cross-reactivity. Herein, in situ gellable iEDDA-crosslinked polymeric hydrogel microspheres are developed via water-in-oil emulsification (W/O) glass microfluidics. The microspheres are composed of two polyethylene glycol precursors modified with either tetrazine or norbornene as functional moieties. Using a single co-flow glass microfluidic platform, homogenous MPs of sizes 200-600 μm are developed and crosslinked within 2 minutes. The rheological properties of iEDDA crosslinked bulk hydrogels are maintained with a low swelling degree and a slow degradation behaviour under physiological conditions. Moreover, a high-protein loading capacity can be achieved, and the encapsulation of mammalian cells is possible. Overall, this work provides the possibility of developing microfluidics-produced iEDDA-crosslinked MPs as a potential drug vehicle and cell encapsulation system in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pareja Tello
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Giuseppina Molinaro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sandra López Cerdà
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Tenholantie 10, 00280, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Aguirre G, Marcasuzaa P, Billon L. Soft Self-Assembled Mechanoelectrical Transducer Films from Conductive Microgel Waterborne Dispersions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37268429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims in the developing of new soft transducers based on sophisticated stimuli-responsive microgels that exhibit spontaneous self-assembly forming cohesive films with conductive and mechanoelectrical properties. For that, oligo(ethylene glycol)-based stimuli-responsive microgels have been synthesized using bio-inspired catechol cross-linkers by one-step batch precipitation polymerization in aqueous media. Then, 3,4-ethylene dioxyyhiophene (EDOT) has been directly polymerized onto stimuli-responsive microgels using catechol groups as the unique dopant. PEDOT location is dependent on the cross-linking density of microgel particles and EDOT amount used. Moreover, the spontaneous cohesive film formation ability of the waterborne dispersion after evaporation at soft application temperature is demonstrated. The films obtained present conductivity and enhanced mechanoelectrical properties triggered by simple finger compression. Both properties are function of the cross-linking density of the microgel seed particles and PEDOT amount incorporated. In addition, to obtain maximum electrical potential generated and the possibility to amplify it, several films in series were demonstrated to be efficient. The present material can be a potential candidate for biomedical, cosmetic, and bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garbine Aguirre
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Pierre Marcasuzaa
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
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39
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Lowen JM, Bond GC, Griffin KH, Shimamoto NK, Thai VL, Leach JK. Multisized Photoannealable Microgels Regulate Cell Spreading, Aggregation, and Macrophage Phenotype through Microporous Void Space. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202239. [PMID: 36719946 PMCID: PMC10198868 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are an emerging platform for in vitro models and guiding cell fate due to their inherent porosity and tunability. This work describes a light-based technique for rapidly annealing microgels across a range of diameters. Utilizing 8-arm poly(ethylene) glycol-vinyl sulfone, the number of arms available for crosslinking, functionalization, and annealing is stoichiometrically controlled. Small and large microgels are fabricated to explore how microgel diameter impacts void space and the role of porosity on cell spreading, cell aggregation, and macrophage polarization. Mesenchymal stromal cells spread rapidly in both formulations, yet the smaller microgels permit a higher cell density. When seeded with macrophages, the smaller microgels promote an M1 phenotype, while larger microgels promote an M2 phenotype. As another application, the inherent porosity of annealed microgels is leveraged to induce cell aggregation. Finally, the microgels are implanted to examine how different size microgels influence endogenous cell invasion and macrophage polarization. The use of ultraviolet light allows for microgels to be noninvasively injected into a desired mold or wound defect before annealing, and microgels of different properties combined to create a heterogeneous scaffold. This approach is clinically relevant given its tunability and fast annealing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lowen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Gabriella C. Bond
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Katherine H. Griffin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Victoria L. Thai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
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40
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Zhang H, Wu S, Chen W, Hu Y, Geng Z, Su J. Bone/cartilage targeted hydrogel: Strategies and applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:156-169. [PMID: 36406248 PMCID: PMC9661677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is responsible for weight-bearing, organ protection, and movement. Bone diseases caused by trauma, infection, and aging can seriously affect a patient's quality of life. Bone targeted biomaterials are suitable for the treatment of bone diseases. Biomaterials with bone-targeted properties can improve drug utilization and reduce side effects. A large number of bone-targeted micro-nano materials have been developed. However, only a few studies addressed bone-targeted hydrogel. The large size of hydrogel makes it difficult to achieve systematic targeting. However, local targeted hydrogel still has significant prospects. Molecules in bone/cartilage extracellular matrix and bone cells provide binding sites for bone-targeted hydrogel. Drug delivery systems featuring microgels with targeting properties is a key construction strategy for bone-targeted hydrogel. Besides, injectable hydrogel drug depot carrying bone-targeted drugs is another strategy. In this review, we summarize the bone-targeted hydrogel through application environment, construction strategies and disease applications. We hope this article will provide a reference for the development of bone-targeted hydrogels. We also hope this article could increase awareness of bone-targeted materials. Introducing the microenvironment and target molecules in different parts of long bones. Summarizing the construction strategy of micro/nanoparticle hydrogel with bone targeting properties. Summarizing the construction strategy of hydrogel based depot carrying bone-targeted drugs. Reporting the application and effect of bone targeting hydrogel in common bone diseases.
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41
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Cell–scaffold interactions in tissue engineering for oral and craniofacial reconstruction. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:16-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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42
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Marcisz K, Sawicka M, Jagleniec D, Romanski J, Karbarz M, Stojek Z, Kaniewska K. Temperature and ionic strength modulated responses of modified with viologen derivative electrosensitive microgel. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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43
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Walkowiak JJ, van Duijnhoven C, Boeschen P, Wolter NA, Michalska-Walkowiak J, Dulle M, Pich A. Multicompartment polymeric colloids from functional precursor Microgel: Synthesis in continuous process. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:243-254. [PMID: 36535162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry-like poly(oligoethylene methacrylate-b-N-vinylcaprolactam)/polystyrene (POEGMA-b-PVCL/PS) patchy particles (PPs) and complex colloidal particle clusters (CCPCs) were fabricated in two-, and one-step (cascade) flow process. Surfactant-free, photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) precipitation polymerization (Photo-RPP) was used to develop internally cross-linked POEGMA-b-PVCL microgels with narrow size distribution. Resulting microgel particles were then used to stabilize styrene seed droplets in water, producing raspberry-like PPs. In the cascade process, different hydrophobicity between microgel and PS induced the self-assembly of the first formed raspberry particles that then polymerized continuously in a Pickering emulsion to form the CCPCs. The internal structure as well as the surface morphology of PPs and CCPCs were studied as a function of polymerization conditions such as flow rate/retention time (Rt), temperature and the amount of used cross-linker. By performing Photo-RPP in tubular flow reactor we were able to gained advantages over heat dissipation and homogeneous light distribution in relation to thermally-, and photo-initiated bulk polymerizations. Tubular reactor also enabled detailed studies over morphological evolution of formed particles as a function of flow rate/Rt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek J Walkowiak
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper van Duijnhoven
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pia Boeschen
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nadja A Wolter
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Joanna Michalska-Walkowiak
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straβe, 52428 Jülich, Germany; CNRS, UMR 8232 - IPCM - Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - Polymer Chemistry Team, Sorbonne Université, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Martin Dulle
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straβe, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
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44
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Pérez LA, Hernández R, Alonso JM, Pérez-González R, Sáez-Martínez V. Granular Disulfide-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Hydrogels: A Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions on Thiol Substitution and Injectability Parameters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040966. [PMID: 36850248 PMCID: PMC9967816 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Granular polymer hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonds are attracting a great deal of interest for the design of injectable biomaterials. Such materials generally exhibit shear-thinning behavior and properties of self-healing/recovery after the extrusion that can be modulated through the interactions between gel microparticles. Herein, bulk macro-hydrogels based on thiolated-hyaluronic acid were produced by disulphide bond formation using oxygen as oxidant at physiological conditions and gelation kinetics were monitored. Three different thiol substitution degrees (SD%: 65%, 30% and 10%) were selected for hydrogel formation and fully characterized as to their stability in physiological medium and morphology. Then, extrusion fragmentation technique was applied to obtain hyaluronic acid microgels with dynamic disulphide bonds that were subsequently sterilized by autoclaving. The resulting granular hyaluronic hydrogels were able to form stable filaments when extruded through a syringe. Rheological characterization and cytotoxicity tests allowed to assess the potential of these materials as injectable biomaterials. The application of extrusion fragmentation for the formation of granular hyaluronic hydrogels and the understanding of the relation between the autoclaving processes and the resulting particle size and rheological properties should expand the development of injectable materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-915-622900 (R.H.); +34-945-561134 (V.S.-M.)
| | - José María Alonso
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-González
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Virginia Sáez-Martínez
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-915-622900 (R.H.); +34-945-561134 (V.S.-M.)
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45
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Review on Bioinspired Design of ECM-Mimicking Scaffolds by Computer-Aided Assembly of Cell-Free and Cell Laden Micro-Modules. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020101. [PMID: 36826900 PMCID: PMC9964438 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering needs bioactive drug delivery scaffolds capable of guiding cell biosynthesis and tissue morphogenesis in three dimensions. Several strategies have been developed to design and fabricate ECM-mimicking scaffolds suitable for directing in vitro cell/scaffold interaction, and controlling tissue morphogenesis in vivo. Among these strategies, emerging computer aided design and manufacturing processes, such as modular tissue unit patterning, promise to provide unprecedented control over the generation of biologically and biomechanically competent tissue analogues. This review discusses recent studies and highlights the role of scaffold microstructural properties and their drug release capability in cell fate control and tissue morphogenesis. Furthermore, the work highlights recent advances in the bottom-up fabrication of porous scaffolds and hybrid constructs through the computer-aided assembly of cell-free and/or cell-laden micro-modules. The advantages, current limitations, and future challenges of these strategies are described and discussed.
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46
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Yang Y, Sha L, Zhao H, Guo Z, Wu M, Lu P. Recent advances in cellulose microgels: Preparations and functionalized applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102815. [PMID: 36427465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are soft, deformable, permeable, and stimuli-responsive microscopic polymeric particles that are now emerging as prospective multifunctional soft materials for delivery systems, interface stabilization, cell cultures and tissue engineering. Cellulose microgels are emerging biopolymeric microgels with unique characteristics such as abound hydroxyl structure, admirable designability, multiscale pore network and excellent biocompatibility. This review summarizes the fabrication strategies for microgel, then highlights the fabrication routes for cellulose microgels, and finally elaborates cellulose microgels' bright application prospects with unique characteristics in the fields of controlled release, interface stabilization, coating, purification, nutrition/drug delivery, and bio-fabrication. The challenges to be addressed for further applications and considerable scope for development in future of cellulose microgels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lishan Sha
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Han Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhaojun Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Peng Lu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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47
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Kaniewska K, Marcisz K, Karbarz M. Transport of ionic species affected by interactions with a pH-sensitive monolayer of microgel particles attached to electrode surface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Trikalitis VD, Kroese NJJ, Kaya M, Cofiño-Fabres C, Ten Den S, Khalil ISM, Misra S, Koopman BFJM, Passier R, Schwach V, Rouwkema J. Embedded 3D printing of dilute particle suspensions into dense complex tissue fibers using shear thinning xanthan baths. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36347040 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aca124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to fabricate functional organoids and microtissues, a high cell density is generally required. As such, the placement of cell suspensions in molds or microwells to allow for cell concentration by sedimentation is the current standard for the production of organoids and microtissues. Even though molds offer some level of control over the shape of the resulting microtissue, this control is limited as microtissues tend to compact towards a sphere after sedimentation of the cells. 3D bioprinting on the other hand offers complete control over the shape of the resulting structure. Even though the printing of dense cell suspensions in the ink has been reported, extruding dense cellular suspensions is challenging and generally results in high shear stresses on the cells and a poor shape fidelity of the print. As such, additional materials such as hydrogels are added in the bioink to limit shear stresses, and to improve shape fidelity and resolution. The maximum cell concentration that can be incorporated in a hydrogel-based ink before the ink's rheological properties are compromised, is significantly lower than the concentration in a tissue equivalent. Additionally, the hydrogel components often interfere with cellular self-assembly processes. To circumvent these limitations, we report a simple and inexpensive xanthan bath based embedded printing method to 3D print dense functional linear tissues using dilute particle suspensions consisting of cells, spheroids, hydrogel beads, or combinations thereof. Using this method, we demonstrated the self-organization of functional cardiac tissue fibers with a layer of epicardial cells surrounding a body of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios D Trikalitis
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vascularization Lab, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J J Kroese
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mert Kaya
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, TechMed Center, MESA+ Institute, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Ten Den
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Islam S M Khalil
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, TechMed Center, MESA+ Institute, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sarthak Misra
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, TechMed Center, MESA+ Institute, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart F J M Koopman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vascularization Lab, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vascularization Lab, University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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49
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Suturin AC, Krüger AJD, Neidig K, Klos N, Dolfen N, Bund M, Gronemann T, Sebers R, Manukanc A, Yazdani G, Kittel Y, Rommel D, Haraszti T, Köhler J, De Laporte L. Annealing High Aspect Ratio Microgels into Macroporous 3D Scaffolds Allows for Higher Porosities and Effective Cell Migration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200989. [PMID: 36100464 PMCID: PMC11469137 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing millimeter-scaled functional tissue remains a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Therefore, microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are emerging as promising porous biomaterials that are formed by assembly of microgel building blocks. To further vary the pore size and increase overall MAP porosity of mechanically stable scaffolds, rod-shaped microgels with high aspect ratios up to 20 are chemically interlinked into highly porous scaffolds. Polyethylene glycol based microgels (width 10 µm, lengths up to 200 µm) are produced via in-mold polymerization and covalently interlinked into stable 3D scaffolds via epoxy-amine chemistry. For the first time, MAP porosities can be enhanced by increasing the microgel aspect ratio (mean pore sizes ranging from 39 to 82 µm, porosities from 65 to 90%). These porosities are significantly higher compared to constructs made from spherical or lower aspect ratio rod-shaped microgels. Rapid filling of the pores by either murine or primary human fibroblasts is ensured as cells migrate and grow extensively into these scaffolds. Overall, this study demonstrates that highly porous, stable macroporous hydrogels can be achieved with a very low partial volume of synthetic, high aspect ratio microgels, leading to large empty volumes available for cell ingrowth and cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa C. Suturin
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Andreas J. D. Krüger
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Kathrin Neidig
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Nina Klos
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Nina Dolfen
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Michelle Bund
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Till Gronemann
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Rebecca Sebers
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Anna Manukanc
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Ghazaleh Yazdani
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Jens Köhler
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)Polymeric BiomaterialsRWTH University AachenWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB)Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME)University Hospital RWTH AachenCenter for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS)Forckenbeckstraße 5552074AachenGermany
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50
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Weigel N, Li Y, Fery A, Thiele J. From microfluidics to hierarchical hydrogel materials. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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