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Zeng Y, Murali N, See CW, Liu J, Chi Y, Zhu D, Linsley CS, Wu BM, Li X. Effect of TiC Nanoparticles on a Zn-Al-Cu System for Biodegradable Cardiovascular Stent Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3438-3453. [PMID: 38564666 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite being a weaker metal, zinc has become an increasingly popular candidate for biodegradable implant applications due to its suitable corrosion rate and biocompatibility. Previous studies have experimented with various alloy elements to improve the overall mechanical performance of pure Zn without compromising the corrosion performance and biocompatibility; however, the thermal stability of biodegradable Zn alloys has not been widely studied. In this study, TiC nanoparticles were introduced for the first time to a Zn-Al-Cu system. After hot rolling, TiC nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the Zn matrix and effectively enabled phase control during solidification. The Zn-Cu phase, which was elongated and sharp in the reference alloy, became globular in the nanocomposite. The strength of the alloy, after introducing TiC nanoparticles, increased by 31% from 259.7 to 340.3 MPa, while its ductility remained high at 49.2% elongation to failure. Fatigue performance also improved greatly by adding TiC nanoparticles, increasing the fatigue limit by 47.6% from 44.7 to 66 MPa. Furthermore, TiC nanoparticles displayed excellent phase control capability during body-temperature aging. Without TiC restriction, Zn-Cu phases evolved into dendritic morphologies, and the Al-rich eutectic grew thicker at grain boundaries. However, both Zn-Cu and Al-rich eutectic phases remained relatively unchanged in shape and size in the nanocomposite. A combination of exceptional tensile properties, improved fatigue performance, better long-term stability with a suitable corrosion rate, and excellent biocompatibility makes this new Zn-Al-Cu-TiC material a promising candidate for biodegradable stents and other biodegradable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Narayanan Murali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carmine Wang See
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jingke Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yitian Chi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Chase S Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Anand N, Mehrotra N, Pal K. Biodegradable implant application: Electrodeposition of HA/TiO 2/ZrO 2 coating onto Zn-composite substrates. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106073. [PMID: 37625281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has currently emerged as a promising biodegradable metal due to its good biocompatible property and promising degradation behaviour. Additionally, inadequate mechanical strength and a lower cell viability value fall short of what is needed for biodegradable implants. In this work, we used the stir-casting process to create a biodegradable Zn-1Mg-1Cu-1HA (ZHA) and Zn-1Mg-1Cu-1ZrO2 (ZZR) composite onto which ceramics composite coating is done by electrodeposition technique to enhance the biocompatibility. The as-cast sample has uniformly distributed fine MgZn2 and CuZn2 phases in a α-Zn matrix, according to microstructural analysis. The mechanical test confirms that ZZR composite exhibited high tensile and compressive properties, including compressive yield strength of 369.562 MPa, a yield tensile strength of 88.725 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 116.21 MPa. The result of potentiodynamic polarization test shows that the coated ZZR composite sample gives a corrosion rate value of 0.112 mm/year. From immersion tests, the degradation rate obtained a much lower value after immersing the sample in PBS solution for 55 days (0.067 mm/year). Moreover, an extract of coated ZZR composite shows good cell viability in comparison to the uncoated sample at a concentration of 25%, 50% and 75%. Also, the hemolysis percentage for coated ZZR sample is lower than the other prepared uncoated sample (3.072%) Overall, the result obtained proves that the coated ZZR composite sample can be expected as a capable material for implant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Anand
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Martynenko N, Anisimova N, Shinkareva M, Rybalchenko O, Rybalchenko G, Zheleznyi M, Lukyanova E, Temralieva D, Gorbenko A, Raab A, Pashintseva N, Babayeva G, Kiselevskiy M, Dobatkin S. Bioactivity Features of a Zn-1%Mg-0.1%Dy Alloy Strengthened by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:408. [PMID: 37754159 PMCID: PMC10526681 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure, phase composition, corrosion and mechanical properties, as well as aspects of biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, of a Zn-1%Mg-0.1%Dy alloy after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) were studied. The structure refinement after ECAP leads to the formation of elongated α-Zn grains with a width of ~10 µm and of Mg- and Dy-containing phases. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that ECAP resulted in the formation of the basal texture in the alloy. These changes in the microstructure and texture lead to an increase in ultimate tensile strength up to 262 ± 7 MPa and ductility up to 5.7 ± 0.2%. ECAP slows down the degradation process, apparently due to the formation of a more homogeneous microstructure. It was found that the alloy degradation rate in vivo after subcutaneous implantation in mice is significantly lower than in vitro ones. ECAP does not impair biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo of the Zn-1%Mg-0.1%Dy alloy. No signs of suppuration, allergic reactions, the formation of visible seals or skin ulcerations were observed after implantation of the alloy. This may indicate the absence of an acute reaction of the animal body to the Zn-1%Mg-0.1%Dy alloy in both states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martynenko
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Natalia Anisimova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (M.K.)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Shinkareva
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Rybalchenko
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Georgy Rybalchenko
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mark Zheleznyi
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
- Department of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Innovative Engineering Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Lukyanova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Diana Temralieva
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Artem Gorbenko
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Arseny Raab
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Natalia Pashintseva
- Limited liability Company “Veterinary Oncological Scientific Center”, 115211 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gulalek Babayeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (M.K.)
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kiselevskiy
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (M.K.)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dobatkin
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (M.S.); (O.R.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (S.D.)
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Pan X, Ou M, Lu Y, Nie Q, Dai X, Liu O. Immunomodulatory zinc-based materials for tissue regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213503. [PMID: 37331243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(Zn)-based materials have contributed greatly to the rapid advancements in tissue engineering. The qualities they possess that make them so beneficial include their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, anti-bacterial activity, among and several others. Biomedical materials that act as a foreign body, will inevitably cause host immune response when introduced to the human body. As the osteoimmunology develops, the immunomodulatory characteristics of biomaterials have become an appealing concept to improve implant-tissue interaction and tissue restoration. Recently, Zn-based materials have also displayed immunomodulatory functions, especially macrophage polarization states. It can promote the transformation of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages to enhance the tissue regeneration and reconstruction. This review covers mainly Zn-based materials and their characteristics, including metallic Zn alloys and Zn ceramics. We highlight the current advancements in the type of immune responses, as well as the mechanisms, that are induced by Zn-based biomaterials, most importantly the regulation of innate immunity and the mechanism of promoting tissue regeneration. To this end, we discuss their applications in biomedicine, and conclude with an outlook on future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Pan
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Mingning Ou
- Xiangya Hospital & Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Qian Nie
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China.
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China.
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Heiss A, Thatikonda VS, Richter A, Schmitt LY, Park D, Klotz UE. Development, Processing and Aging of Novel Zn-Ag-Cu Based Biodegradable Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3198. [PMID: 37110036 PMCID: PMC10141850 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of biodegradable materials for implants is a promising strategy to overcome known long-term clinical complications related to permanent implants. Ideally, biodegradable implants support the damaged tissue for a certain period and then degrade, while the physiological function of the surrounding tissue is restored. Although Mg-based alloys nearly ideally lend themselves to biodegradable implants, a few critical shortcomings promoted the development of alternative alloy systems. Due to their reasonably good biocompatibility, moderate corrosion rate without hydrogen evolution and adequate mechanical properties, increasing attention has been paid to Zn alloys. In this work, precipitation-hardening alloys in the system Zn-Ag-Cu were developed relying on thermodynamic calculations. After casting the alloys, their microstructures were refined by thermomechanical treatment. The processing was tracked and directed, respectively, by routine investigations of the microstructure, associated with hardness assessments. Although microstructure refinement increased the hardness, the material proved to be susceptible to aging as the homologous temperature of zinc is at 0.43 Tm. Besides mechanical performance and corrosion rate, long-term mechanical stability is another crucial factor that must be taken into consideration to ensure the safety of the implant and thus requires a profound understanding of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heiss
- Department of Physical Metallurgy, Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (fem), Katharinenstrasse 17, 73525 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - Venkat Sai Thatikonda
- Department of Physical Metallurgy, Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (fem), Katharinenstrasse 17, 73525 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
- Department of Precision-Optics-Materials-Environment, University of Applied Sciences, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Physical Metallurgy, Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (fem), Katharinenstrasse 17, 73525 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - Lisa-Yvonn Schmitt
- Department of Physical Metallurgy, Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (fem), Katharinenstrasse 17, 73525 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - Daesung Park
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory of Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich E. Klotz
- Department of Physical Metallurgy, Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (fem), Katharinenstrasse 17, 73525 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
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Khodaei T, Schmitzer E, Suresh AP, Acharya AP. Immune response differences in degradable and non-degradable alloy implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:153-170. [PMID: 36606252 PMCID: PMC9793227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloy based implants have made a great impact in the clinic and in preclinical research. Immune responses are one of the major causes of failure of these implants in the clinic. Although the immune responses toward non-degradable alloy implants are well documented, there is a poor understanding of the immune responses against degradable alloy implants. Recently, there have been several reports suggesting that degradable implants may develop substantial immune responses. This phenomenon needs to be further studied in detail to make the case for the degradable implants to be utilized in clinics. Herein, we review these new recent reports suggesting the role of innate and potentially adaptive immune cells in inducing immune responses against degradable implants. First, we discussed immune responses to allergen components of non-degradable implants to give a better overview on differences in the immune response between non-degradable and degradable implants. Furthermore, we also provide potential areas of research that can be undertaken that may shed light on the local and global immune responses that are generated in response to degradable implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taravat Khodaei
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Elizabeth Schmitzer
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Biological Design, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Corresponding author. Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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