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Iperi C, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Pers JO, Barturen G, Alarcón-Riquelme M, Quirantes-Piné R, Borrás-Linares I, Segura-Carretero A, Cornec D, Bordron A, Jamin C. Integration of multi-omics analysis reveals metabolic alterations of B lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110243. [PMID: 38735509 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To link changes in the B-cell transcriptome from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with those in their macroenvironment, including cellular and fluidic components. METHODS Analysis was performed on 363 patients and 508 controls, encompassing transcriptomics, metabolomics, and clinical data. B-cell and whole-blood transcriptomes were analysed using DESeq and GSEA. Plasma and urine metabolomics peak changes were quantified and annotated using Ceu Mass Mediator database. Common sources of variation were identified using MOFA integration analysis. RESULTS Cellular macroenvironment was enriched in cytokines, stress responses, lipidic synthesis/mobility pathways and nucleotide degradation. B cells shared these pathways, except nucleotide degradation diverted to nucleotide salvage pathway, and distinct glycosylation, LPA receptors and Schlafen proteins. CONCLUSIONS B cells showed metabolic changes shared with their macroenvironment and unique changes directly or indirectly induced by IFN-α signalling. This study underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between B cells and their macroenvironment in SLE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | - Anne Bordron
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Wang M, Gao Y, Li H, Sun J, Xie Z. Investigating the therapeutic mechanism of Jiedu-Quyu-Ziyin Fang on systemic lupus erythematosus through the ERα-miRNA-TLR7 immune axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32752. [PMID: 38948043 PMCID: PMC11209013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Jiedu-Quyu-Ziyin Fang (JQZF) is a formula that has been empirically used for the treatment of SLE in clinical practice. JQZF has become an approved hospital prescription in China. Fifteen MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into three groups: Model, JQZF, and JQZF + GC, with five mice in each group. Five MRL/MPJ mice were used as the Blank group. After 8 weeks of administration, peripheral blood serum was collected to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies and complement C3 levels. Spleen B cells were collected to detect the expression of TLR7 and NF-κBp65 mRNA, and correlation analysis was performed. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was also performed on spleen B cells. Further, key miRNA and key gene mRNA expression were detected by RT-qPCR, and key protein expression levels were detected by Western blot method. Bioinformatics methods predicted that ESR1 is a key target of JQZF action on SLE, hsa-miR-146a-5p is one of the key miRNAs, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that NF-κB signaling pathway is its key signaling pathway. Transcriptome sequencing of MRL/lpr mouse spleen B cells revealed that the differential genes between the JQZF and Model groups were enriched in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, Estrogen signaling pathway, etc. Animal studies show that JQZF treatment significantly boosts serum C3 and lowers anti-dsDNA antibodies (P < 0.01). On the molecular level, JQZF suppresses TLR7 and NF-κBp65 mRNA in spleen B cells, with TLR7 mRNA positively linked to anti-dsDNA titers and negatively to serum C3. Further cellular work demonstrates that JQZF reverses the increased IRAK1 and TRAF6 expression seen after miR146a inhibition. Additionally, post-ERα inhibition, JQZF continues to upregulate miR146a and more significantly reduces TLR7 mRNA expression (P < 0.01), pointing to ERα's pivotal role in the miR146a-TLR7 axis. These results indicate JQZF alleviates SLE by adjusting the ERα-miR146a-TLR7 loop, showcasing its mechanism and therapeutic potential for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MeiJiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - HaiChang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - ZhiJun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Wang L, Khunsriraksakul C, Markus H, Chen D, Zhang F, Chen F, Zhan X, Carrel L, Liu DJ, Jiang B. Integrating single cell expression quantitative trait loci summary statistics to understand complex trait risk genes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4260. [PMID: 38769300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is a popular approach to dissect the functional consequence of disease associated non-coding variants. Most existing TWAS use bulk tissues and may not have the resolution to reveal cell-type specific target genes. Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) datasets are emerging. The largest bulk- and sc-eQTL datasets are most conveniently available as summary statistics, but have not been broadly utilized in TWAS. Here, we present a new method EXPRESSO (EXpression PREdiction with Summary Statistics Only), to analyze sc-eQTL summary statistics, which also integrates 3D genomic data and epigenomic annotation to prioritize causal variants. EXPRESSO substantially improves existing methods. We apply EXPRESSO to analyze multi-ancestry GWAS datasets for 14 autoimmune diseases. EXPRESSO uniquely identifies 958 novel gene x trait associations, which is 26% more than the second-best method. Among them, 492 are unique to cell type level analysis and missed by TWAS using whole blood. We also develop a cell type aware drug repurposing pipeline, which leverages EXPRESSO results to identify drug compounds that can reverse disease gene expressions in relevant cell types. Our results point to multiple drugs with therapeutic potentials, including metformin for type 1 diabetes, and vitamin K for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chachrit Khunsriraksakul
- Bioinformatics and Genomics PhD Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Havell Markus
- Bioinformatics and Genomics PhD Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dieyi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Genomics PhD Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, US
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Laura Carrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Genomics PhD Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, US.
| | - Bibo Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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4
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Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Hjazi A, Ullah H, Bansal P, Deorari M, Sapaev IB, Ami AA, Mohmmed KH, Abosaoda MK. A new perspective on therapies involving B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:629. [PMID: 38717637 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
It has been rediscovered in the last fifteen years that B-cells play an active role in autoimmune etiology rather than just being spectators. The clinical success of B-cell depletion therapies (BCDTs) has contributed to this. BCDTs, including those that target CD20, CD19, and BAFF, were first developed to eradicate malignant B-cells. These days, they treat autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Particular surprises have resulted from the use of BCDTs in autoimmune diseases. For example, even in cases where BCDT is used to treat the condition, its effects on antibody-secreting plasma cells and antibody levels are restricted, even though these cells are regarded to play a detrimental pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. In this Review, we provide an update on our knowledge of the biology of B-cells, examine the outcomes of clinical studies employing BCDT for autoimmune reasons, talk about potential explanations for the drug's mode of action, and make predictions about future approaches to targeting B-cells other than depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Himayat Ullah
- College of Medicine, Shaqra University, 15526, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - I B Sapaev
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Scientific Researcher, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ahmed Ali Ami
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
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5
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Solé C, Royo M, Sandoval S, Moliné T, Gabaldón A, Cortés-Hernández J. Precise Targeting of Autoantigen-Specific B Cells in Lupus Nephritis with Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4226. [PMID: 38673811 PMCID: PMC11050013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite conventional therapy, lupus nephritis (LN) remains a significant contributor to short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. B cell abnormalities and the production of autoantibodies against nuclear complexes like anti-dsDNA are recognised as key players in the pathogenesis of LN. To address the challenges of chronic immunosuppression associated with current therapies, we have engineered T cells to express chimeric autoantibody receptors (DNA-CAART) for the precise targeting of B cells expressing anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. T cells from LN patients were transduced using six different CAAR vectors based on their antigen specificity, including alpha-actinin, histone-1, heparan sulphate, or C1q. The cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and cell-cell contact of DNA-CAART were thoroughly investigated in co-culture experiments with B cells isolated from patients, both with and without anti-dsDNA positivity. The therapeutic effects were further evaluated using an in vitro immune kidney LN organoid. Among the six proposed DNA-CAART, DNA4 and DNA6 demonstrated superior selectively cytotoxic activity against anti-dsDNA+ B cells. Notably, DNA4-CAART exhibited improvements in organoid morphology, apoptosis, and the inflammatory process in the presence of IFNα-stimulated anti-dsDNA+ B cells. Based on these findings, DNA4-CAART emerge as promising candidates for modulating autoimmunity and represent a novel approach for the treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Solé
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Maria Royo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Sebastian Sandoval
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alejandra Gabaldón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Josefina Cortés-Hernández
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.S.); (J.C.-H.)
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6
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Nepal D, Gazeley D. Role of IL-6 and IL-6 targeted therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3804-3810. [PMID: 37594751 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the cytokines implicated in murine and human SLE. Only a few small studies have investigated IL-6 inhibition in human SLE. Currently, there are no studies registered in clinicaltrials.gov to assess the IL-6 targeted therapy in SLE, yet its role in the future remains to be defined. This narrative review analyses these and potential areas of future studies with IL-6 targeted therapy in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Nepal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David Gazeley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Álvarez K, Palacio J, Agudelo NA, Anacona CA, Castaño D, Vásquez G, Rojas M. B cell-targeted polylactic acid nanoparticles as platform for encapsulating jakinibs: potential therapeutic strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:2001-2019. [PMID: 38084660 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: B cells are pivotal in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Materials & methods: To address this, Nile Red-labeled polylactic acid nanoparticles (NR-PLA NPs) loaded with the JAK inhibitor baricitinib (BARI), specifically targeting JAK1 and JAK2 in B cells, were developed. Results: Physicochemical characterization confirmed NP stability over 30 days. NR-PLA NPs were selectively bound and internalized by CD19+ B cells, sparing other leukocytes. In contrast to NR-PLA NPs, BARI-NR-PLA NPs significantly dampened B-cell activation, proliferation and plasma cell differentiation in healthy controls. They also inhibited key cytokine production. These effects often surpassed those of equimolar-free BARI. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of PLA NPs to regulate autoreactive B cells, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Álvarez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Palacio
- Grupo De Investigación Ciencia de Los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 310; Medellín, Colombia
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 65A No. 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Agudelo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Formulaciones Químicas, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Cristian A Anacona
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
- Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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8
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Neziraj T, Siewert L, Pössnecker E, Pröbstel AK. Therapeutic targeting of gut-originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250033. [PMID: 37624875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut-originating, IL-10- and IgA-producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal-originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut-originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota-regulatory B cell-targeted therapies in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Siewert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Gu J, Yan GM, Kong XL, Zhang YY, Huang LH, Lu HM. Assessing the causal relationship between immune traits and systemic lupus erythematosus by bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1493-1503. [PMID: 37845373 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have observed relationships between immune cells and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their causal links remain undetermined. Based on the public available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the associations between 731 immune phenotypes and SLE pairs. Pairwise pleiotropy analysis was performed to identify pleiotropic genes for significant immunophenotype-SLE pairs. A comprehensive gene function analysis was undertaken to explore the mechanisms of immune cells in SLE. By using the instrumental variables extracted from GWAS data, we observed that increased levels of five immune phenotypes were causally associated with SLE risk (FDR < 0.05), that were CD20 on IgD+ CD38- naïve, BAFF-R on IgD+ CD38dim, CD39+ secreting Treg AC, CD14- CD16+ monocyte AC, and HLA DR on CD14+ monocyte. Pairwise gene-based analyses identified a total of 38 pleiotropic genes for 5 significant pairs identified and gene set enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of the identified pleiotropic genes in complex pathways (i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus, an integral component of luminal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway and regulation of hormone secretion). This study demonstrates that the immune response influences the progression of SLE in a complex pattern. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the interaction between immune response and SLE risk and also aid in the design of therapeutic strategies from an immunological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Min Yan
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Kong
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Baxter RM, Wang CS, Garcia-Perez JE, Kong DS, Coleman BM, Larchenko V, Schuyler RP, Jackson C, Ghosh T, Rudra P, Paul D, Claassen M, Rochford R, Cambier JC, Ghosh D, Cooper JC, Smith MJ, Hsieh EWY. Expansion of extrafollicular B and T cell subsets in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208282. [PMID: 37965329 PMCID: PMC10641733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most childhood-onset SLE patients (cSLE) develop lupus nephritis (cLN), but only a small proportion achieve complete response to current therapies. The prognosis of children with LN and end-stage renal disease is particularly dire. Mortality rates within the first five years of renal replacement therapy may reach 22%. Thus, there is urgent need to decipher and target immune mechanisms that drive cLN. Despite the clear role of autoantibody production in SLE, targeted B cell therapies such as rituximab (anti-CD20) and belimumab (anti-BAFF) have shown only modest efficacy in cLN. While many studies have linked dysregulation of germinal center formation to SLE pathogenesis, other work supports a role for extrafollicular B cell activation in generation of pathogenic antibody secreting cells. However, whether extrafollicular B cell subsets and their T cell collaborators play a role in specific organ involvement in cLN and/or track with disease activity remains unknown. Methods We analyzed high-dimensional mass cytometry and gene expression data from 24 treatment naïve cSLE patients at the time of diagnosis and longitudinally, applying novel computational tools to identify abnormalities associated with clinical manifestations (cLN) and disease activity (SLEDAI). Results cSLE patients have an extrafollicular B cell expansion signature, with increased frequency of i) DN2, ii) Bnd2, iii) plasmablasts, and iv) peripheral T helper cells. Most importantly, we discovered that this extrafollicular signature correlates with disease activity in cLN, supporting extrafollicular T/B interactions as a mechanism underlying pediatric renal pathogenesis. Discussion This study integrates established and emerging themes of extrafollicular B cell involvement in SLE by providing evidence for extrafollicular B and peripheral T helper cell expansion, along with elevated type 1 IFN activation, in a homogeneous cohort of treatment-naïve cSLE patients, a point at which they should display the most extreme state of their immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Baxter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christine S. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Josselyn E. Garcia-Perez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel S. Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brianne M. Coleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Valentyna Larchenko
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ronald P. Schuyler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Conner Jackson
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Debdas Paul
- Clinical Bioinformatics & Machine Learning in Translational Single-Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Clinical Bioinformatics & Machine Learning in Translational Single-Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John C. Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mia J. Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elena W. Y. Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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11
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Guo Y, Zhou M, Mu Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Xu Y, Geng L. Recent advances in shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115138. [PMID: 37454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, the primary active compound found in the rhizome of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "ZiCao", exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects. This drug has a wide range of uses, including as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. It is also effective in promoting wound healing and treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although shikonin has a wide range of applications, its mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the use of shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases. The article also delves into the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of shikonin and offers insights into the inflammation and immunopathogenesis of related diseases. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in this field. These findings not only provide significant new information on the effects and mechanisms of shikonin but also establish a foundation for the development of clinical applications in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China.
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12
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Satitsuksanoa P, Iwasaki S, Boersma J, Imam MB, Schneider SR, Chang I, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B cells: The many facets of B cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:567-581. [PMID: 37247640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a key role in our immune system through their ability to produce antibodies, suppress a proinflammatory state, and contribute to central immune tolerance. We aim to provide an in-depth knowledge of the molecular biology of B cells, including their origin, developmental process, types and subsets, and functions. In allergic diseases, B cells are well known to induce and maintain immune tolerance through the production of suppressor cytokines such as IL-10. Similarly, B cells protect against viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that caused the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Considering the unique and multifaceted functions of B cells, we hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of B-cell biology and its clinical applications in allergic diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Sayuri Iwasaki
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Boersma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manal Bel Imam
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Schneider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Iris Chang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Sean N. Parker Centre for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
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13
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Li J, Zhao M, Luo W, Huang J, Zhao B, Zhou Z. B cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases: signaling pathways and interventions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232820. [PMID: 37680644 PMCID: PMC10481957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous disorders believed to stem from the immune system's inability to distinguish between auto- and foreign- antigens. B lymphocytes serve a crucial role in humoral immunity as they generate antibodies and present antigens. Dysregulation of B cell function induce the onset of autoimmune disorders by generating autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in an imbalance in immune regulation. New research in immunometabolism shows that cellular metabolism plays an essential role in controlling B lymphocytes immune reactions by providing the energy and substrates for B lymphocytes activation, differentiation, and function. However, dysregulated immunometabolism lead to autoimmune diseases by disrupting self-tolerance mechanisms. This review summarizes the latest research on metabolic reprogramming of B lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases, identifying crucial pathways and regulatory factors. Moreover, we consider the potential of metabolic interventions as a promising therapeutic strategy. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms of B cells brings us closer to developing novel therapies for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjiu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Deng Q, Gupta A, Jeon H, Nam JH, Yilmaz AS, Chang W, Pietrzak M, Li L, Kim HJ, Chung D. graph-GPA 2.0: improving multi-disease genetic analysis with integration of functional annotation data. Front Genet 2023; 14:1079198. [PMID: 37501720 PMCID: PMC10370274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1079198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified a large number of genetic variants associated with traits and diseases. However, it still remains challenging to fully understand the functional mechanisms underlying many associated variants. This is especially the case when we are interested in variants shared across multiple phenotypes. To address this challenge, we propose graph-GPA 2.0 (GGPA 2.0), a statistical framework to integrate GWAS datasets for multiple phenotypes and incorporate functional annotations within a unified framework. Our simulation studies showed that incorporating functional annotation data using GGPA 2.0 not only improves the detection of disease-associated variants, but also provides a more accurate estimation of relationships among diseases. Next, we analyzed five autoimmune diseases and five psychiatric disorders with the functional annotations derived from GenoSkyline and GenoSkyline-Plus, along with the prior disease graph generated by biomedical literature mining. For autoimmune diseases, GGPA 2.0 identified enrichment for blood-related epigenetic marks, especially B cells and regulatory T cells, across multiple diseases. Psychiatric disorders were enriched for brain-related epigenetic marks, especially the prefrontal cortex and the inferior temporal lobe for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. In addition, the pleiotropy between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia was also detected. Finally, we found that GGPA 2.0 is robust to the use of irrelevant and/or incorrect functional annotations. These results demonstrate that GGPA 2.0 can be a powerful tool to identify genetic variants associated with each phenotype or those shared across multiple phenotypes, while also promoting an understanding of functional mechanisms underlying the associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolan Deng
- The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arkobrato Gupta
- The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hyeongseon Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jin Hyun Nam
- Division of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayse Selen Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Won Chang
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hang J. Kim
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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15
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Abid N, Manaye S, Naushad H, Cheran K, Murthy C, Bornemann EA, Kamma HK, Alabbas M, Elashahab M. The Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab and Belimumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40719. [PMID: 37485087 PMCID: PMC10360028 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a vital role of B cells in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Belimumab (Bel), an inhibitor of B cell activating factor (BAFF), and Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody targeting Cd20 antigen, have been used to manage systemic lupus. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated these two agents' clinical efficacy and safety in different manifestations of SLE. This study aims to review the randomized control trials involving these two agents systematically and to explain if any disparity is noticed in the primary and secondary outcomes between these two agents. This study is done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After applying the inclusion criteria and quality assessment by independent reviewers and co-authors, relevant papers were identified, and data were extracted. The results have shown that RCTs involving Belimumab achieved primary endpoints; however, targeted endpoints were not achieved in studies involving Rituximab. It is concluded that despite the conflicting results obtained in clinical trials, both are effective in systemic lupus, as indicated in real-world clinical experience. However, better-designed multicenter studies evaluating these B-cell-targeting drugs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Abid
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal University College of Medicine, Al-Ahsa, SAU
- Internal Medicine / Rheumatology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Sara Manaye
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hamzah Naushad
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kaaviya Cheran
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chinmayee Murthy
- Internal Medicine, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, IND
| | - Elisa A Bornemann
- Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Latina de Panama, Panama City, PAN
| | - Hari Krishna Kamma
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammad Alabbas
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HUN
| | - Mohammed Elashahab
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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16
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Sadeghi Shaker M, Rokni M, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. Ras family signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151246. [PMID: 37256120 PMCID: PMC10225558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras (rat sarcoma virus) is a GTP-binding protein that is considered one of the important members of the Ras-GTPase superfamily. The Ras involves several pathways in the cell that include proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and fibrosis. Abnormalities in the expression level and activation of the Ras family signaling pathway and its downstream kinases such as Raf/MEK/ERK1-2 contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatic diseases including immune system dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc); destruction and inflammation of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and autoantibody production and immune complexes formation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and enhance osteoblast differentiation and ossification during skeletal formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this review, the basic biology, signaling of Ras, and abnormalities in this pathway in rheumatic diseases including SSc, RA, AS, and SLE will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi Shaker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Zhao Y, Song W, Yuan Z, Li M, Wang G, Wang L, Liu Y, Diao B. Exosome Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Cell Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects on B Cells from SLE Patients. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3177584. [PMID: 37215068 PMCID: PMC10198761 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3177584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive proliferation and activation of B cells, resulting in the production of various autoantibodies, is a crucial link and significant feature of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as the pathological basis of systemic multiorgan damage. However, whether exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-Exo) are involved in the immune regulation of SLE has not been clarified. Objectives Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hucMSCs-Exo for treating SLE. Methods hucMSCs-Exo and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients were cocultured in vitro, and B cell apoptosis, activation, proliferation, and inflammation levels were detected by flow cytometry. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-155 in B lymphocytes of SLE patients was detected by qRT-PCR, and the target gene relationship between miR-155 and SHIP-1 was found through bioinformatics and dual luciferase activity experiments, which verified the inhibition of miR-155 in B lymphocytes of SLE patients to regulate immunity. Results We found that hucMSCs-Exo promoted B cell apoptosis, prevented B cell overactivation, and reduced inflammation. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) has a powerful regulatory function in B cells. It was demonstrated that hucMSCs-Exo acts synergistically with miR-155 inhibitors to target SHIP-1 to B cells more effectively than exosomes alone. Conclusion Our results provide insight into how hucMSCs-Exo regulates autoimmunity in patients with lupus and suggest targeting miR-155 for autoimmunity while protecting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenbin Song
- People's Hospital of Xinyang, Xinyang 464000, Hennan Province, China
| | - Zilin Yuan
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Diao
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
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18
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Souza OF, de Oliveira VC, Rodrigues GJF, Costa LVS, Corado F, Popi AF. Age-related accumulation of B-1 cell progenitors in mice reflects changes in miR15a/16-1 expression and radioresistance capacity. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 36879336 PMCID: PMC9987129 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferative diseases such as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are potentially related to some disturbance in the apoptosis pathway, specifically in B-1a cells (CD5+). Accumulation of B-1a cells in lymphoid organs, bone marrow or periphery is observed in some leukemia experimental murine models along aging. It is known that aging also increases the healthy B-1 cell population. However, it is not yet clear if it happens due to self-renewal of mature cells or proliferation of progenitor cells. Herein we demonstrated that the B-1 cell precursor population (B-1p) from bone marrow of middle-aged mice is higher than from young mice. Also, these aged cells are more resistant to irradiation and have downregulation of microRNA15a/16. Alterations in these microRNAs expression and in Bcl-2 regulation were already described in human hematological malignancies and new therapeutically approaches focus on that axis. This finding could explain the early events related to cell transformation during aging and correlate with beginning of symptoms in hyperproliferative diseases. Moreover, studies have already reported these pro-B-1 as a contributor to the origin of other leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML). Our results point to a possible relation between B-1 cell precursors and hyperproliferation during aging. We hypothesized that this population could be maintained until the mature status of the cell or reveal changes that result in re-activation of precursor in adult bone marrow, culminating in accumulation of B-1 cells later. Based on this, B-1 cell progenitor could represent an origin for B cell malignancies and a new candidate target to diagnose and treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia F Souza
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04134090, Brazil
| | - Vivian C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04134090, Brazil
| | - Gabriel J F Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04134090, Brazil
| | - Lucas V S Costa
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04134090, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Corado
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04134090, Brazil
| | - Ana F Popi
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 4th floor, São Paulo, 04134090, Brazil.
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Beisel C, Jordan-Paiz A, Köllmann S, Ahrenstorf AE, Padoan B, Barkhausen T, Addo MM, Altfeld M. Sex differences in the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells are associated with higher production of TNF-α in women in response to TLR9 in humans. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36814288 PMCID: PMC9945365 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course and outcome of many diseases differ between women and men, with women experiencing a higher prevalence and more severe pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms underlying these sex differences still remain to be fully understood. IRF5 is a master transcription factor that regulates TLR/MyD88-mediated responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in DCs and B cells. B cells are central effector cells involved in autoimmune diseases via the production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as mediating T cell help. Dysregulation of IRF5 expression has been reported in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In the current study, we analyzed whether the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells differs between women and men and assessed the resulting consequences for the production of inflammatory cytokines after TLR7- or TLR9 stimulation. RESULTS The percentage of IRF5 positive B cells was significantly higher in B cells of women compared to men in both unstimulated and TLR7- or TLR9-stimulated B cells. B cells of women produced higher levels of TNF-α in response to TLR9 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data contribute to the understanding of sex differences in immune responses and may identify IRF5 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce harmful B cell-mediated immune responses in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Beisel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany. .,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ana Jordan-Paiz
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Köllmann
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Benedetta Padoan
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Barkhausen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany ,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany ,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Herrock OT, Deer E, Amaral LM, Campbell N, Lemon J, Ingram N, Cornelius DC, Turner TW, Fitzgerald S, Ibrahim T, Dechend R, Wallukat G, LaMarca B. B2 cells contribute to hypertension and natural killer cell activation possibly via AT1-AA in response to placental ischemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F179-F192. [PMID: 36417275 PMCID: PMC9844978 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00190.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, new onset hypertension during pregnancy, is associated with activated T helper cells (Th) and B cells secreting agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-AA). The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of placental ischemia recapitulates these characteristics. We have shown that Th-B cell communication contributes to AT1-AA and symptoms of preeclampsia in the RUPP rat. B2 cells are classical B cells that communicate with Th cells and are then transformed into memory B cells. We hypothesize that B2 cells cause hypertension, natural killer (NK) cell activation, and complement activation during pregnancy through the production of AT1-AA. To test this hypothesis, total splenic B cells and B2 cells were isolated from normal pregnant (NP) or RUPP rats on gestational day (GD)19 and adoptively transferred into GD12 NP rats. A group of recipient rats was treated with a specific inhibitor peptide of AT1-AA. On GD19, mean arterial pressure was measured, tissues were collected, activated NK cells were measured by flow cytometry, and AT1-AA was measured by cardiomyocyte assay. NP recipients of RUPP B cells or RUPP B2 cells had increased mean arterial pressure, AT1-AA, and circulating activated NK cells compared with recipients of NP B cells. Hypertension in NP recipients of RUPP B cells or RUPP B2 was attenuated with AT1-AA blockade. This study demonstrates that B cells and B2 cells from RUPP rats cause hypertension and increased AT1-AA and NK cell activation in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that placental ischemia-stimulated B2 cells induce hypertension and circulating natural killer cell activation and angiotensin II type 1 receptor production in normal pregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T Herrock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - James Lemon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Nicole Ingram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ty W Turner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sarah Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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21
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Yang Y, Yan C, Yu L, Zhang X, Shang J, Fan J, Zhang R, Ren J, Duan X. The star target in SLE: IL-17. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:313-328. [PMID: 36538077 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the significance of IL-17 in SLE and the potential of IL-17-targeted therapy. BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect many organs and tissues throughout the body. It is characterized by overactive B and T cells and loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine that promotes inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases as well as inflammatory diseases. In in vitro cellular experiments in lupus susceptible mice or SLE patients, there is substantial evidence that IL-17 is a highly promising therapeutic target. METHODS We searched papers from PubMed database using the search terms, such as interleukin-17, systemic lupus erythematosus, treatment targets, T cells, lupus nephritis, and other relevant terms. RESULTS We discuss in this paper the molecular mechanisms of IL-17 expression, Th17 cell proliferation, and the relationship between IL-17 and Th17. The significance of IL-17 in SLE and the potential of IL-17-targeted therapy are further discussed in detail. CONCLUSION IL-17 has a very high potential for the development as a star target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinwang Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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22
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Wooden B, Radhakrishnan J. The Role of Anti-B Cell Activating Factor Therapy for Treating Lupus Nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1583-1585. [PMID: 36302568 PMCID: PMC9718047 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11340922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wooden
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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23
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Saint Just Ribeiro M, Tripathi P, Namjou B, Harley JB, Chepelev I. Haplotype-specific chromatin looping reveals genetic interactions of regulatory regions modulating gene expression in 8p23.1. Front Genet 2022; 13:1008582. [PMID: 36160011 PMCID: PMC9490475 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1008582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of genetics research is to elucidate mechanisms explaining how genetic variation contributes to phenotypic variation. The genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) generally explain only a small proportion of heritability of phenotypic traits, the so-called missing heritability problem. Recent evidence suggests that additional common variants beyond lead GWAS variants contribute to phenotypic variation; however, their mechanistic underpinnings generally remain unexplored. Herein, we undertake a study of haplotype-specific mechanisms of gene regulation at 8p23.1 in the human genome, a region associated with a number of complex diseases. The FAM167A-BLK locus in this region has been consistently found in the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in all major ancestries. Our haplotype-specific chromatin interaction (Hi-C) experiments, allele-specific enhancer activity measurements, genetic analyses, and epigenome editing experiments revealed that: 1) haplotype-specific long-range chromatin interactions are prevalent in 8p23.1; 2) BLK promoter and cis-regulatory elements cooperatively interact with haplotype-specificity; 3) genetic variants at distal regulatory elements are allele-specific modifiers of the promoter variants at FAM167A-BLK; 4) the BLK promoter interacts with and, as an enhancer-like promoter, regulates FAM167A expression and 5) local allele-specific enhancer activities are influenced by global haplotype structure due to chromatin looping. Although systemic lupus erythematosus causal variants at the FAM167A-BLK locus are thought to reside in the BLK promoter region, our results reveal that genetic variants at distal regulatory elements modulate promoter activity, changing BLK and FAM167A gene expression and disease risk. Our results suggest that global haplotype-specific 3-dimensional chromatin looping architecture has a strong influence on local allelic BLK and FAM167A gene expression, providing mechanistic details for how regional variants controlling the BLK promoter may influence disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Saint Just Ribeiro
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pulak Tripathi
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - John B. Harley
- Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Cincinnati Education and Research for Veterans Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Iouri Chepelev, ; John B. Harley,
| | - Iouri Chepelev
- Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Cincinnati Education and Research for Veterans Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Iouri Chepelev, ; John B. Harley,
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24
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Wangriatisak K, Kochayoo P, Thawornpan P, Leepiyasakulchai C, Suangtamai T, Ngamjanyaporn P, Khowawisetsut L, Khaenam P, Pisitkun P, Chootong P. CD4 + T-cell cooperation promoted pathogenic function of activated naïve B cells of patients with SLE. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000739. [PMID: 36180106 PMCID: PMC9528597 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore cooperation between activated naïve (aNAV) B cells and CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of SLE through autoantibody production, T-cell differentiation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were obtained from 31 patients with SLE and used to characterise phenotype of aNAV B cells (n=14) and measured the phosphorylation of B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling molecules (n=5). Upregulation of T-cell costimulatory molecules after BCR and toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/TLR-8 stimulation was detected in cells from four subjects. To explore the role of these cells in SLE pathogenesis via T cell-dependent mechanisms, four subjects were analysed to detect the promotion of CD4+ T-cell activation and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) differentiation after CD4+ T-cell–B-cell cocultures. The aNAV B cells from four patients were used to assess cytokine secretion. Results The aNAV B cells of patients with SLE had increased expression of surface CD40, HLA-DR and interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) and FCRL5 molecules. With BCR stimulation, these cells greatly increased PLCγ2 phosphorylation. Integrated BCR and TLR-7/TLR-8 signals induced overexpression of CD40, CD86, IL-21R and HLA-DR on lupus aNAV B cells. In T-cell–B-cell cocultures, lupus aNAV B cells (with upregulated costimulatory molecules) promoted CD4+ T-cell proliferation and polarisation toward effector Th2 and Th17 cells. Importantly, in this coculture system, CD4+ T-cell signals enhanced aNAV B-cell differentiation into auto-ASCs and produced anti-DNA antibodies. The interaction between CD4+ T cell and aNAV B cell increased production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-23). Conclusion Cooperation between aNAV B cells and CD4+ T cells contributed to SLE pathogenesis by promoting both differentiation of pathogenic T cells (Th2 and Th17) and autoantibody secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittikorn Wangriatisak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kochayoo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Thawornpan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanitta Suangtamai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pintip Ngamjanyaporn
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center of Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Pisitkun
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Translational Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Horisberger A, Humbel M, Fluder N, Bellanger F, Fenwick C, Ribi C, Comte D. Measurement of circulating CD21 -CD27 - B lymphocytes in SLE patients is associated with disease activity independently of conventional serological biomarkers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9189. [PMID: 35654865 PMCID: PMC9163192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is challenging and limited by the lack of reliable biomarkers. Abnormally activated B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of SLE, but their measure in clinical practice is currently not recommended. Here, we studied peripheral B cells to identify a valid biomarker. We analyzed peripheral B cells in a discovery cohort of 30 SLE patients compared to 30 healthy controls (HC) using mass cytometry and unsupervised clustering analysis. The relevant B cell populations were subsequently studied by flow cytometry in a validation cohort of 63 SLE patients, 28 autoimmune diseases controls and 39 HC. Our data show an increased frequency of B cell populations with activated phenotype in SLE compared to healthy and autoimmune diseases controls. These cells uniformly lacked the expression of CD21 and CD27. Measurement of CD21−CD27− B cells in the blood identified patients with active disease and their frequency correlated with disease severity. Interestingly, we did not observe an increase in the frequency of CD21−CD27− B cells in patients with clinically inactive disease but with elevated conventional biomarkers (anti-dsDNA and complement levels). Accordingly, measurement of CD21−CD27− B cells represents a robust and easily accessible biomarker to assess the activity of the disease in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Horisberger
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Humbel
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Fluder
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Bellanger
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig Fenwick
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camillo Ribi
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Comte
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46, Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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Perez RK, Gordon MG, Subramaniam M, Kim MC, Hartoularos GC, Targ S, Sun Y, Ogorodnikov A, Bueno R, Lu A, Thompson M, Rappoport N, Dahl A, Lanata CM, Matloubian M, Maliskova L, Kwek SS, Li T, Slyper M, Waldman J, Dionne D, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Fong L, Dall’Era M, Balliu B, Regev A, Yazdany J, Criswell LA, Zaitlen N, Ye CJ. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals cell type-specific molecular and genetic associations to lupus. Science 2022; 376:eabf1970. [PMID: 35389781 PMCID: PMC9297655 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Knowledge of circulating immune cell types and states associated with SLE remains incomplete. We profiled more than 1.2 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (162 cases, 99 controls) with multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing (mux-seq). Cases exhibited elevated expression of type 1 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in monocytes, reduction of naïve CD4+ T cells that correlated with monocyte ISG expression, and expansion of repertoire-restricted cytotoxic GZMH+ CD8+ T cells. Cell type-specific expression features predicted case-control status and stratified patients into two molecular subtypes. We integrated dense genotyping data to map cell type-specific cis-expression quantitative trait loci and to link SLE-associated variants to cell type-specific expression. These results demonstrate mux-seq as a systematic approach to characterize cellular composition, identify transcriptional signatures, and annotate genetic variants associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. Perez
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M. Grace Gordon
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meena Subramaniam
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George C. Hartoularos
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Targ
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anton Ogorodnikov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Lu
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mike Thompson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nadav Rappoport
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Andrew Dahl
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cristina M. Lanata
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Matloubian
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lenka Maliskova
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Serena S. Kwek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Waldman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Dall’Era
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Sun W, Li P, Cai J, Ma J, Zhang X, Song Y, Liu Y. Lipid Metabolism: Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Prospectives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860586. [PMID: 35371016 PMCID: PMC8971568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the production of abnormal autoantibodies and immune complexes that can affect the organ and organ systems, particularly the kidneys and the cardiovascular system. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism, especially in key effector cells, such as T cells, B cells, and innate immune cells, exerts complex effects on the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Beyond their important roles as membrane components and energy storage, different lipids can also modulate different cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we summarize altered lipid metabolism and the associated mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Furthermore, we discuss the recent progress in the role of lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengchong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontolog, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Liu, ; Yong Song,
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontolog, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Liu, ; Yong Song,
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Bazigh I, Asfour M, Muddassir S, Mughni S. Acute Pancreatitis After the Use of Belimumab in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e22540. [PMID: 35345744 PMCID: PMC8956404 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Belimumab is a B-cell depletion therapy that has emerged as an effective and safe treatment option for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), but ongoing phase IV trials continue to report its common and rare adverse effects. Our case report seeks to add data to the existing literature on the safety profile of belimumab. We report an interesting and complicated case of a 30-year-old female with a 12-year history of SLE and multiple treatment failures who developed acute pancreatitis in the context of the initiation of belimumab. The temporal link between the two events made us undertake a review of literature on the efficacy and safety of belimumab. We used PubMed and Medline to shortlist eight studies that included phase III parent and extension clinical trials of belimumab that had been conducted in the past 10 years and illustrated the results in a tabulated form. The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved belimumab as a safe and effective treatment option for SLE. The BLISS-52, BLISS-76, and BLISS-SC trials along with their extension trials showed that SRI (SLE Responder Index) was higher in the patient cohorts that were treated with IV (intravenous) or SC (subcutaneous) belimumab. According to the website “eHealthMe.com”, which tracks the incidence of adverse events from drugs by allowing people to report events, 14100 people reported side effects when taking belimumab and among them, 29 people (0.21%) reported acute pancreatitis. Time on belimumab when patients had acute pancreatitis was 1-2 years for 52% of the patients and 1-6 months for 40% of the patients; 96% of the patients were females. The age group at which it was most reported was 40-49 years. Additional data is needed to enable a better characterization of the pathophysiology and nature of acute pancreatitis as a possible side effect of belimumab.
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Vij R, Tripathy M, Kim H, Park H, Cheng T, Lotfi D, Chang D. Frequency-dependent effect of intravenous administration of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A case report. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100166. [PMID: 36187443 PMCID: PMC9523069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves abnormal activation of immune response, affecting multiple organs, including joints, kidneys, lungs, skin, and the hematopoietic system, thereby impairing their normal function. Despite there being no cure for SLE, Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) therapy offers hope for SLE patients because of its potent role in immunomodulation. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old female battling with SLE for almost 30 years and on a treatment regimen consisting of several medications. Given the level of immunosuppression associated with conventional SLE treatments, the subject was initially enrolled as a participant in a study protocol designed to provide immune protection against COVID-19. The subject received multiple infusions of autologous Hope Biosciences adipose-derived MSCs (HB-adMSCs) which significantly improved her SLE symptoms and functionality that led the patient's physician to discontinue her Rituximab regime. Based on her response to HB-adMSC therapy, the subject was approved to receive a set of nine infusion treatments to specifically treat her SLE symptoms. Over the course of ∼ one year, the first six infusions were given on a monthly basis, while the remaining three were administered bimonthly - each with a dose of 200 million HB-adMSCs. Since the beginning of the treatment, the subject showed remarkable improvements in her SLE symptoms, as demonstrated by changes in her SF-36 questionnaire responses, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) measurements; however, worsening of the symptoms was noted later during treatment course (when the frequency of infusions changed to bimonthly). Although the shift in remission-relapse cycle is not fully understood, however, the data suggest that treatment frequency might be the key player. No serious adverse events occurred during the entire treatment period. Further research is needed to evaluate the results of this study.
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Xiao F, Zheng L, Zhu X, Wu L, Zhao C, Wang S, Rui K, Zou H, Lu L. B cell-activating factor and its targeted therapy in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 64:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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BAFF, involved in B cell activation through the NF-κB pathway, is related to disease activity and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1665-1675. [PMID: 33483588 PMCID: PMC8463593 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor of TNF family (BAFF) is a member of TNF ligand superfamily and plays a key role in B cell homeostasis, proliferation, maturation, and survival. In this study, we detected BAFF level, the expressions of BAFF receptors and important molecules in NF-κB pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and analyzed the correlation between BAFF level and clinical variables, laboratory parameters or X-ray scores in order to elucidate the roles of BAFF in RA. A total of 50 RA patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We showed that the serum BAFF level in RA patients was significantly higher than that of HCs, and the percentages of B cell subsets (CD19+ B cells, CD19+CD27+ B cells, CD19+CD20+CD27+ B cells, and CD19+CD20-CD27+ B cells) in the serum of RA patients were significantly increased compared with those of HCs. The percentages of CD19+BAFFR+ B cells, CD19+ BCMA+ B cells, and CD19+ TACI+ B cells in RA patients were significantly increased compared with those in HCs. The expression of important molecules in the NF-κB pathway (MKK3, MKK6, p-P38, p-P65, TRAF2, and p52) was significantly higher in RA patients than in HCs, but p100 level in RA patients was lower than that in HCs. The serum BAFF level was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, disease activity score (in 28 joints), swollen joint counts, tender joint counts, and X-ray scores. When normal B cells were treated with BAFF in vitro, the percentages of the B cell subset and the expression of BAFF receptors were significantly upregulated. BAFF also promoted the expression of MKK3, MKK6, p-P38, p-P65, TRAF2, and p52. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BAFF level is correlated with the disease activity and bone destruction of RA. BAFF is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and activation of B cells in RA through NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that BAFF might be an ideal therapeutic target for RA.
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Werner A, Schäfer S, Zaytseva O, Albert H, Lux A, Krištić J, Pezer M, Lauc G, Winkler T, Nimmerjahn F. Targeting B cells in the pre-phase of systemic autoimmunity globally interferes with autoimmune pathology. iScience 2021; 24:103076. [PMID: 34585117 PMCID: PMC8455742 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ damage. While a variety of therapeutic interventions are available, it has become clear that an early diagnosis and treatment may be key to achieve long lasting therapeutic responses and to limit irreversible organ damage. Loss of humoral tolerance including the appearance of self-reactive antibodies can be detected years before the actual onset of the clinical autoimmune disease, representing a potential early point of intervention. Not much is known, however, about how and to what extent this pre-phase of disease impacts the onset and development of subsequent autoimmunity. By targeting the B cell compartment in the pre-disease phase of a spontaneous mouse model of SLE we now show, that resetting the humoral immune system during the clinically unapparent phase of the disease globally alters immune homeostasis delaying the downstream development of systemic autoimmunity. The clinically unapparent pre-phase of SLE impacts clinical disease Autoreactive IgM antibodies represent a biomarker for early therapeutic intervention Pre-phase B cells orchestrate clinical disease Depleting pre-phase B cells diminishes disease pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Schäfer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Zaytseva
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heike Albert
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasminka Krištić
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Jang A, Sharp R, Wang JM, Feng Y, Wang J, Chen M. Dependence on Autophagy for Autoreactive Memory B Cells in the Development of Pristane-Induced Lupus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701066. [PMID: 34335611 PMCID: PMC8322733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of autoantibodies by autoreactive B cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of lupus. Increases in memory B cells have been observed in human lupus patients and autoimmune lpr mice. Autophagy is required for the maintenance of memory B cells against viral infections; however, whether autophagy regulates the persistence of autoantigen-specific memory B cells and the development of lupus remains to be determined. Here we show that memory B cells specific for autoantigens can be detected in autoimmune lpr mice and a pristane-induced lupus mouse model. Interestingly, B cell-specific deletion of Atg7 led to significant loss of autoreactive memory B cells and reduced autoantibody production in pristane-treated mice. Autophagy deficiency also attenuated the development of autoimmune glomerulonephritis and pulmonary inflammation after pristane treatment. Adoptive transfer of wild type autoreactive memory B cells restored autoantibody production in Atg7-deficient recipients. These data suggest that autophagy is important for the persistence of autoreactive memory B cells in mediating autoantibody responses. Our results suggest that autophagy could be targeted to suppress autoreactive memory B cells and ameliorate humoral autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Sharp
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yin Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Min Chen,
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Min Chen,
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34
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Adverse Events Associated with Belimumab Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-021-00179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Pohlmeyer CW, Shang C, Han P, Cui ZH, Jones RM, Clarke AS, Murray BP, Lopez DA, Newstrom DW, Inzunza MD, Matzkies FG, Currie KS, Di Paolo JA. Characterization of the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in models of lupus nephritis. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 33781343 PMCID: PMC8008554 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells are critical mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), and antinuclear antibodies can be found in the serum of approximately 98% of patients with SLE. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling from immunoreceptors, including the B cell receptor. Active, phosphorylated SYK has been observed in tissues from patients with SLE or cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and its inhibition is hypothesized to ameliorate disease pathogenesis. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and characterize the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a selective oral SYK inhibitor, in the New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) murine model of SLE and LN. Methods Lanraplenib was evaluated for inhibition of primary human B cell functions in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of SYK inhibition on ameliorating LN-like disease in vivo was determined by treating NZB/W mice with lanraplenib, cyclophosphamide, or a vehicle control. Glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition were quantified in kidneys. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was measured in serum. Splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation, and the presence of T follicular helper and dendritic cells. Results In human B cells in vitro, lanraplenib inhibited B cell activating factor-mediated survival as well as activation, maturation, and immunoglobulin M production. Treatment of NZB/W mice with lanraplenib improved overall survival, prevented the development of proteinuria, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Kidney morphology was significantly preserved by treatment with lanraplenib as measured by glomerular diameter, protein cast severity, interstitial inflammation, vasculitis, and frequency of glomerular crescents; treatment with lanraplenib reduced glomerular IgG deposition. Mice treated with lanraplenib had reduced concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Lanraplenib blocked disease-driven B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation in the spleen. Conclusions Lanraplenib blocked the progression of LN-like disease in NZB/W mice. Human in vitro and murine in vivo data suggest that lanraplenib may be efficacious in preventing disease progression in patients with LN at least in part by inhibiting B cell maturation. These data provide additional rationale for the use of lanraplenib in the treatment of SLE and LN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shang
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Cui
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Randall M Jones
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Astrid S Clarke
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Bernard P Murray
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - David A Lopez
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - David W Newstrom
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - M David Inzunza
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin S Currie
- Department of Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
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36
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Bag-Ozbek A, Hui-Yuen JS. Emerging B-Cell Therapies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:39-54. [PMID: 33488082 PMCID: PMC7814238 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s252592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, whose hallmark is the production of autoantibodies. B cells are promising targets for novel SLE therapies. In 2011, belimumab (Benlysta®), a fully humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting B-cell activation and proliferation, was the first medication in 50 years to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat adult SLE. This review discusses the current experience with B-cell-targeted therapies, including those targeting B-cell-surface antigens (rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, obexelimab, epratuzumab, daratumumab), B-cell survival factors (belimumab, tabalumab, atacicept, blisibimod), or B-cell intracellular functions (ibrutinib, fenebrutinib, proteasome inhibitors), for the management of SLE. It focuses on ongoing clinical trials and real-world post-marketing use, where available, including their safety profiles, and concludes with our recommendations for B-cell-centric approaches to the management of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Bag-Ozbek
- Division of Rheumatology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joyce S Hui-Yuen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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37
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Wei X, Zhao G, Wang X, Gautam N, Jia Z, Zhao Z, Kong D, Zhang F, Kumar S, Sun Y, Chen N, Wang X, Yang L, Ren R, Thiele GM, Bronich TK, O'Dell JR, Alnouti Y, Wang D. Head-to-head comparative pharmacokinetic and biodistribution (PK/BD) study of two dexamethasone prodrug nanomedicines on lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102266. [PMID: 32679269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HPMA copolymer-based dexamethasone prodrug (P-Dex) and PEG-based dexamethasone prodrug (PEG-Dex, ZSJ-0228) were previously found to passively target the inflamed kidney and provide potent and sustained resolution of nephritis in NZB/WF1 lupus-prone mice. While both prodrug nanomedicines effectively ameliorate lupus nephritis, they have demonstrated distinctively different safety profiles. To explore the underlining mechanisms of these differences, we conducted a head-to-head comparative PK/BD study of P-Dex and PEG-Dex on NZB/WF1 mice. Overall, the systemic organ/tissue exposures to P-Dex and Dex released from P-Dex were found to be significantly higher than those of PEG-Dex. The high prodrug concentrations were sustained in kidney for only 24 h, which cannot explain their lasting therapeutic efficacy (>1 month). P-Dex showed sustained presence in liver, spleen and adrenal gland, while the presence of PEG-Dex in these organs was transient. This difference in PK/BD profiles may explain PEG-Dex' superior safety than P-Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dexuan Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Libin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James R O'Dell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Guzman M, Hui-Yuen JS. Management of Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Belimumab. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2503-2513. [PMID: 32612353 PMCID: PMC7323799 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s216193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Belimumab (Benlysta®) is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS, also known as B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family) and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency for the treatment of autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adults with moderate disease activity. Belimumab was recently FDA approved for use in children with SLE between 5 and 17 years of age. This review discusses the key findings of the belimumab phase III trials in adult SLE (via intravenous and subcutaneous administrations), phase II trial in pediatric SLE (intravenous administration), and post hoc analyses. It also evaluates the current clinical trials of belimumab in specific SLE disease states and highlights the safety profile of belimumab. It discusses the clinical post-marketing use of belimumab in adults and children with SLE and concludes with our recommendations for the use of belimumab to treat pediatric SLE, including a look to the future with increased real-world use in children with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Guzman
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Joyce S Hui-Yuen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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39
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Moore E, Putterman C. Are lupus animal models useful for understanding and developing new therapies for human SLE? J Autoimmun 2020; 112:102490. [PMID: 32535128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease driven by a complex combination of genetic, environmental, and other immunoregulatory factors. The development of targeted therapies is complicated by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, varying organ involvement, and toxicity. Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms contributing to SLE, only one biologic drug, belimumab, is FDA-approved. The identification and development of potential therapies have largely been driven by studies in lupus animal models. Therefore, direct comparison of both the therapeutic and immunological findings in human and murine SLE studies is critical and can reveal important insights into indeed how useful and relevant are murine studies in SLE drug development. Studies involving belimumab, mycophenolate mofetil, abatacept, rituximab, and anti-interferon strategies generally demonstrated analogous findings in the attenuation of SLE manifestations and modulation of select immune cell populations in human and murine SLE. While further basic and translational studies are needed to identify SLE patient subsets likely to respond to particular therapeutic modalities and in dissecting complex mechanisms, we believe that despite some inherent weaknesses SLE mouse models will continue to be integral in developing targeted SLE therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Bar-Ilan University Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel; Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.
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40
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Maellaro E, Terzuoli L, Bacarelli MR, Del Bello B, Bizzaro N, Porcelli B. Autoantibodies against the autophagic protein microtubule-associated light-chain 3 (LC3): Immunocharacterization of an atypical ANA pattern. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:245-252. [PMID: 32338081 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1755963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens are commonly detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells, and three major staining patterns (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic) are distinguished. Here, we report an atypical cytoplasmic pattern, not described so far, observed in the serum of a patient with a controversial diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Moreover, for the first time, we have revealed the presence of autoantibodies against the microtubule-associated light-chain 3 (LC3) protein, which plays a key role in the autophagic process. The target antigen has been identified in IIF by means of a competition test using purified anti-LC3 antibodies on HEp-2 cells, and confirmed by Western blot analysis using cellular or recombinant LC3 as antigen, immunoreacted with the patient's serum. The identification of this atypical pattern and the related autoantibody-antigen system sheds new light on autophagy, which is increasingly considered to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, and could contribute to select more personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Maellaro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Terzuoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Del Bello
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Bizzaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, San Antonio Hospital, Tolmezzo, Italy.,Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Brunetta Porcelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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El-Sherbiny YM, Md Yusof MY, Psarras A, Hensor EMA, Kabba KZ, Dutton K, Mohamed AAA, Elewaut D, McGonagle D, Tooze R, Doody G, Wittmann M, Emery P, Vital EM. B Cell Tetherin: A Flow Cytometric Cell-Specific Assay for Response to Type I Interferon Predicts Clinical Features and Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:769-779. [PMID: 31804007 PMCID: PMC8653884 DOI: 10.1002/art.41187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type I interferon (IFN) responses are broadly associated with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Given the cardinal role of autoantibodies in SLE, this study was undertaken to investigate whether the findings of a B cell-specific IFN assay correlate with SLE activity. METHODS B cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with type I IFN and type II IFN. Gene expression was analyzed, and the expression of pathway-related membrane proteins was determined. A flow cytometry assay for tetherin (CD317), an IFN-induced protein ubiquitously expressed on leukocytes, was validated in vitro and then clinically against SLE diagnosis, plasmablast expansion, and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 score in a discovery cohort (n = 156 SLE patients, 30 rheumatoid arthritis [RA] patients, and 25 healthy controls). A second, longitudinal validation cohort of 80 SLE patients was also evaluated for flare prediction. RESULTS In vitro, a close cell-specific and dose-response relationship between type I IFN-responsive genes and cell surface tetherin was observed in all immune cell subsets. Tetherin expression on multiple cell subsets was selectively responsive to stimulation with type I IFN compared to types II and III IFNs. In patient samples from the discovery cohort, memory B cell tetherin showed the strongest associations with diagnosis (SLE:healthy control effect size 0.11 [P = 0.003]; SLE:RA effect size 0.17 [P < 0.001]), plasmablast numbers in rituximab-treated patients (R = 0.38, P = 0.047), and BILAG 2004. These associations were equivalent to or stronger than those for IFN score or monocyte tetherin. Memory B cell tetherin was found to be predictive of future clinical flares in the validation cohort (hazard ratio 2.29 [95% confidence interval 1.01-4.64]; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that memory B cell surface tetherin, a B cell-specific IFN assay, is associated with SLE diagnosis and disease activity, and predicts flares better than tetherin on other cell subsets or whole blood assays, as determined in an independent validation cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Nottingham Trent University School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, UK, and Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Md Yuzaiful Md Yusof
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Antonios Psarras
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth M A Hensor
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Katherine Dutton
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Alaa A A Mohamed
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Dennis McGonagle
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Miriam Wittmann
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Meidan E, Li H, Pan W, Kono M, Yu S, Kyttaris VC, Ioannidis C, Rodriguez Rodriguez N, Crispin JC, Apostolidis SA, Lee P, Manis J, Sharabi A, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. Serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A is essential for optimal B cell function. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130655. [PMID: 32161189 PMCID: PMC7141385 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase, has been shown to control T cell function. We found that in vitro-activated B cells and B cells from various lupus-prone mice and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus display increased PP2A activity. To understand the contribution of PP2A to B cell function, we generated a Cd19CrePpp2r1afl/fl (flox/flox) mouse which lacks functional PP2A only in B cells. Flox/flox mice displayed reduced spontaneous germinal center formation and decreased responses to T cell-dependent and T-independent antigens, while their B cells responded poorly in vitro to stimulation with an anti-CD40 antibody or CpG in the presence of IL-4. Transcriptome and metabolome studies revealed altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and purine/pyrimidine metabolism and increased expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase in PP2A-deficient B cells. Our results demonstrate that PP2A is required for optimal B cell function and may contribute to increased B cell activity in systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Meidan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michihito Kono
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuilian Yu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasileios C. Kyttaris
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noe Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose C. Crispin
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pui Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Manis
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Murphy G, Isenberg DA. New therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus - past imperfect, future tense. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:403-412. [PMID: 31165780 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The failure of many new, mostly biologic, drugs to meet their primary end points in double-blind clinical trials in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has caused a profound sense of disappointment among both physicians and patients. Arguably, the success of B cell depletion with rituximab in open-label clinical trials, the approval of belimumab (which blocks B cell-activating factor (BAFF)) for use in patients with lupus nephritis in the USA and in difficult-to-treat patients with SLE in the UK and the recognition that clinical trial design can be improved have given some cause for hope. However, changes to therapies in current use and the development of new approaches are urgently needed. The results of the latest studies investigating the use of several new approaches to treating SLE are discussed in this Review, including: fully humanized anti-CD20 and anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies; inhibition of tyrosine-protein kinase BTK; CD40 ligand blockade; interfering with the presentation of antigen to autoreactive T cells using a peptide approach; a receptor decoy approach using an analogue of Fcγ receptor IIB; dual blockade of IL-12 and IL-23; and inhibition of Janus kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Murphy
- Department of Rheumatology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology/Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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Parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of X chromosome genes in T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26779-26787. [PMID: 31822606 PMCID: PMC6936674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences are naturally occurring disease modifiers that, if understood, could lead to novel targets for drug development. Autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women than in men, and sex differences in immune responses have been shown in humans and mice. Here, we discover a global parent-of-origin difference in DNA methylation on the X chromosome that affects gene expression in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. The paternal X has more methylation than the maternal X, with higher expression of X genes in XY cells since they only express from the maternal X. Thus, parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of X genes can play a role in sex differences in immune responses. Many autoimmune diseases are more frequent in females than in males in humans and their mouse models, and sex differences in immune responses have been shown. Despite extensive studies of sex hormones, mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain unclear. Here, we focused on sex chromosomes using the “four core genotypes” model in C57BL/6 mice and discovered that the transcriptomes of both autoantigen and anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes showed higher expression of a cluster of 5 X genes when derived from XY as compared to XX mice. We next determined if higher expression of an X gene in XY compared to XX could be due to parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of the X chromosome. We found a global increase in DNA methylation on the X chromosome of paternal as compared to maternal origin. Since DNA methylation usually suppresses gene expression, this result was consistent with higher expression of X genes in XY cells because XY cells always express from the maternal X chromosome. In addition, gene expression analysis of F1 hybrid mice from CAST × FVB reciprocal crosses showed preferential gene expression from the maternal X compared to paternal X chromosome, revealing that these parent-of-origin effects are not strain-specific. SJL mice also showed a parent-of-origin effect on DNA methylation and X gene expression; however, which X genes were affected differed from those in C57BL/6. Together, this demonstrates how parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of the X chromosome can lead to sex differences in gene expression during immune responses.
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B Cell Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis-Role in Pathogenesis and Effect of Immunosuppressive Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246231. [PMID: 31835612 PMCID: PMC6940927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in B cells play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Breach in central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms generates autoreactive B cells which contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE and LN. Dysregulation of B cell transcription factors, cytokines and B cell-T cell interaction can result in aberrant B cell maturation and autoantibody production. These immunological abnormalities also lead to perturbations in circulating and infiltrating B cells in SLE and LN patients. Conventional and novel immunosuppressive medications confer differential effects on B cells which have important clinical implications. While cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed comparable clinical efficacy in active LN, MMF induction was associated with earlier reduction in circulating plasmablasts and plasma cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that MMF maintenance is associated with lower risk of disease relapse than azathioprine, which may be explained by its more potent and selective suppression of B cell proliferation. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the B cell repertoire include B cell depletion with monoclonal antibodies binding to cell surface markers, inhibition of B cell cytokines, and modulation of costimulatory signals in B cell-T cell interaction. These biologics, despite showing improvements in serological parameters and proteinuria, did not achieve primary endpoints when used as add-on therapy to standard treatments in active LN patients. Other emerging treatments such as calcineurin inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and proteasome inhibitors also show distinct inhibitory effects on the B cell repertoire. Advancement in the knowledge on B cell biology has fueled the development of new therapeutic strategies in SLE and LN. Modification in background treatments, study endpoints and selective recruitment of subjects showing aberrant B cells or its signaling pathways when designing future clinical trials may better elucidate the roles of these novel therapies for SLE and LN patients.
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46
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Lee WS, Amengual O. B cells targeting therapy in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Med 2019; 43:16-35. [PMID: 32107989 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2019.1698929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects the majority of organs and systems. Traditional therapies do not lead to complete remission of disease but only relieve symptoms and inflammation. B cells are the most important effector cell types in the pathogenesis of SLE. Therefore, therapies targeting B cells and their related cytokines are a very important milestone for SLE treatment. Several biologics that modulate B cells, either depleting B cells or blocking B cell functions, have been developed and evaluated in clinical trials. Belimumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically binds B cells activating factor (BAFF), was the first of these agents approved for SLE treatment. In this review, we explore the currently available evidence in B cell targeted therapies in SLE including agents that target B cell surface antigens (CD19, CD20, CD22), B cell survival factors (BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand, APRIL), cytokines (interleukin-1 and type 1 interferons) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 ligand). We highlighted the mechanisms of action and the individual characteristics of these biologics, and present an update on the clinical trials that have evaluated their efficacy and safety. Finally, we describe some of the emerging and promising therapies for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Olga Amengual
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Wang H, Wang G, Liang Y, Du X, Boor PJ, Sun J, Khan MF. Redox regulation of hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation and immune dysregulation in trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:223-231. [PMID: 31419475 PMCID: PMC6848782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethene (TCE) exposure is associated with the development of various autoimmune diseases (ADs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), potentially through the generation of excessive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS; oxidative stress). However, the mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to these TCE-mediated ADs are not fully understood, and are the focus of current investigation. Female MRL+/+ mice were treated with TCE along with or without antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 6 weeks (TCE, 10 mmol/kg, i. p., every 4th day; NAC, 250 mg/kg/day via drinking water). TCE-treated mice had elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-specific circulating immune complexes, suggesting the association of TCE-induced oxidative stress with autoimmune response. In addition, TCE exposure led to prominent lobular inflammation with sinusoid dilation, increased sinusoidal cellularity and increased staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), confirming inflammatory and hepatocellular cell proliferation. Importantly, TCE exposure resulted in the activation of hepatic inflammasome (NLRP3 and caspase-1) and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, and these changes were attenuated by NAC supplementation. TCE treatment also led to dysregulation of hepatic immune response as evident from markedly increased hepatic lymphocyte infiltration (especially B cells) and imbalance between Tregs (decreased) and Th17 cells (increased). Interestingly, TCE-mediated dysregulation of various hepatic and splenic immune cells was also effectively attenuated by NAC. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for TCE-mediated inflammasome activation, infiltration of various immune cells, and skewed balance of Treg and Th17 cells in the liver. The attenuation of TCE-mediated hepatic inflammasome activation and immune responses by NAC further supports a critical role of oxidative stress in TCE-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity. These novel findings could help in designing therapeutic strategies for such ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gangduo Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Xiaotang Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paul J Boor
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - M Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Maifata SM, Hod R, Zakaria F, Abd Ghani F. Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis: The Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Patient Management. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E86. [PMID: 31683874 PMCID: PMC6966460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin domain containing 7A THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70-90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2-3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive, respectively, and thus can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, which is significant in patient monitoring and prognosis. It is better than exposing patients to a frequent biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients' urine and sera were reviewed to provide newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in the diagnosis, treatment decision, and follow-up of patients with primary MGN. In addition, other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin were reviewed to detect the progression of renal damage for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Mu'azu Maifata
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Physiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Federal University Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa 950102, Nigeria.
| | - Rafidah Hod
- Physiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Fadhlina Zakaria
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Fauzah Abd Ghani
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Gabcova G, Horak P, Mikulkova Z, Skacelova M, Zehnalova S, Smrzova A, Petrackova A, Mrazek F, Kriegova E. Modulatory Effect of the Euro-Lupus Low-Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Regimen on Circulating Immune Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:415-425. [PMID: 31620814 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A Euro-Lupus regimen of low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (CFA) is commonly used to treat severe organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly lupus nephritis (LN). There are no data on the distributions and dynamics of immune cell populations in patients with various treatment outcomes. The circulating immune cells of 11 female SLE patients were assessed before and after Euro-Lupus regimen (cumulative dose of 3000 mg CFA) by flow cytometry together with those of 16 healthy women. A subanalysis was performed in LN patients who achieved complete remission (CR; n = 3), partial remission (PR; n = 4), and no response (NR; n = 2). In SLE, the Euro-Lupus regimen decreased the percentage and absolute count of B cells; increased the percentage of CD8+ T cells, T regulatory cells, neutrophils, and monocyte subsets; and activated T and NK cells compared to healthy controls (P < 0.050). Patients with LN achieving CR had significantly lower proportions of CD27+ B memory cells compared to poor responders (PR/NR, P = 0.035). The post-treatment percentages and absolute numbers of B cells, T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and neutrophils showed high inter-individual variability with no association with treatment outcome. Our pilot study revealed the dynamics of changes in immune cell populations in SLE patients during a Euro-Lupus regimen, mainly the lowering of B cells. In LN patients who achieved CR, a lower proportion of CD27+ B memory cells was evident compared to poor responders (PR/NR). Further studies on usefulness of monitoring immune cells for treatment response prediction on larger cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gabcova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mikulkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skacelova
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Zehnalova
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Smrzova
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Petrackova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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50
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Exposure-Response Analyses of the Effects of Venetoclax, a Selective BCL-2 Inhibitor, on B-Lymphocyte and Total Lymphocyte Counts in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 59:335-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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