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Malinauskas T, Moore G, Rudolf AF, Eggington H, Belnoue-Davis HL, El Omari K, Griffiths SC, Woolley RE, Duman R, Wagner A, Leedham SJ, Baldock C, Ashe HL, Siebold C. Molecular mechanism of BMP signal control by Twisted gastrulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4976. [PMID: 38862520 PMCID: PMC11167000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) is an evolutionarily conserved secreted glycoprotein which controls signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). TWSG1 binds BMPs and their antagonist Chordin to control BMP signaling during embryonic development, kidney regeneration and cancer. We report crystal structures of TWSG1 alone and in complex with a BMP ligand, Growth Differentiation Factor 5. TWSG1 is composed of two distinct, disulfide-rich domains. The TWSG1 N-terminal domain occupies the BMP type 1 receptor binding site on BMPs, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to a Chordin family member. We show that TWSG1 inhibits BMP function in cellular signaling assays and mouse colon organoids. This inhibitory function is abolished in a TWSG1 mutant that cannot bind BMPs. The same mutation in the Drosophila TWSG1 ortholog Tsg fails to mediate BMP gradient formation required for dorsal-ventral axis patterning of the early embryo. Our studies reveal the evolutionarily conserved mechanism of BMP signaling inhibition by TWSG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Gareth Moore
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Amalie F Rudolf
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Holly Eggington
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayley L Belnoue-Davis
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel C Griffiths
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 90 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Rachel E Woolley
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Etcembly Ltd., Atlas Building, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ramona Duman
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Armin Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hilary L Ashe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Kruger RE, Frum T, Brumm AS, Hickey SL, Niakan KK, Aziz F, Shammami MA, Roberts JG, Ralston A. Smad4 is essential for epiblast scaling and morphogenesis after implantation, but nonessential before implantation. Development 2024; 151:dev202377. [PMID: 38752427 PMCID: PMC11190579 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling plays an essential and highly conserved role in embryo axial patterning in animal species. However, in mammalian embryos, which develop inside the mother, early development includes a preimplantation stage, which does not occur in externally developing embryos. During preimplantation, the epiblast is segregated from extra-embryonic lineages that enable implantation and development in utero. Yet, the requirement for BMP signaling is imprecisely defined in mouse early embryos. Here, we show that, in contrast to previous reports, BMP signaling (SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation) is not detectable until implantation when it is detected in the primitive endoderm - an extra-embryonic lineage. Moreover, preimplantation development appears to be normal following deletion of maternal and zygotic Smad4, an essential effector of canonical BMP signaling. In fact, mice lacking maternal Smad4 are viable. Finally, we uncover a new requirement for zygotic Smad4 in epiblast scaling and cavitation immediately after implantation, via a mechanism involving FGFR/ERK attenuation. Altogether, our results demonstrate no role for BMP4/SMAD4 in the first lineage decisions during mouse development. Rather, multi-pathway signaling among embryonic and extra-embryonic cell types drives epiblast morphogenesis postimplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Kruger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Training Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A. Sophie Brumm
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute,London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stephanie L. Hickey
- Research Technology Support Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kathy K. Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute,London NW1 1AT, UK
- The Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Wellcome Trust – Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Farina Aziz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marcelio A. Shammami
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Training Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jada G. Roberts
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Amy Ralston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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3
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Ding R, Xi Y, Ito A, Shimizu K, Nagamori E, Fujita H, Kawamoto T, Horie M. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibitor improves differentiation and function of 3D muscle construct fabricated using C2C12. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:480-486. [PMID: 38604883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Functional tissue-engineered artificial skeletal muscle tissue has great potential for pharmacological and academic applications. This study demonstrates an in vitro tissue engineering system to construct functional artificial skeletal muscle tissues using self-organization and signal inhibitors. To induce efficient self-organization, we optimized the substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings. We modified the tissue morphology to be ring-shaped under optimized self-organization conditions. A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor was added to improve overall myogenic differentiation. This supplementation enhanced the myogenic differentiation ratio and myotube hypertrophy in two-dimensional cell cultures. Finally, we found that myotube hypertrophy was enhanced by a combination of self-organization with ring-shaped tissue and a BMP inhibitor. BMP inhibitor treatment significantly improved myogenic marker expression and contractile force generation in the self-organized tissue. These observations indicated that this procedure may provide a novel and functional artificial skeletal muscle for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ding
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuan Xi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Nagamori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takuo Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Division of Biochemical Engineering, Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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4
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Davis AJ, Brooijmans N, Brubaker JD, Stevison F, LaBranche TP, Albayya F, Fleming P, Hodous BL, Kim JL, Kim S, Lobbardi R, Palmer M, Sheets MP, Vassiliadis J, Wang R, Williams BD, Wilson D, Xu L, Zhu XJ, Bouchard K, Hunter JW, Graul C, Greenblatt E, Hussein A, Lyon M, Russo J, Stewart R, Dorsch M, Guzi TJ, Kadambi V, Lengauer C, Garner AP. An ALK2 inhibitor, BLU-782, prevents heterotopic ossification in a mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabp8334. [PMID: 38809966 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease driven by gain-of-function variants in activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2), the most common variant being ALK2R206H. In FOP, ALK2 variants display increased and dysregulated signaling through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway resulting in progressive and permanent replacement of skeletal muscle and connective tissues with heterotopic bone, ultimately leading to severe debilitation and premature death. Here, we describe the discovery of BLU-782 (IPN60130), a small-molecule ALK2R206H inhibitor developed for the treatment of FOP. A small-molecule library was screened in a biochemical ALK2 binding assay to identify potent ALK2 binding compounds. Iterative rounds of structure-guided drug design were used to optimize compounds for ALK2R206H binding, ALK2 selectivity, and other desirable pharmacokinetic properties. BLU-782 preferentially bound to ALK2R206H with high affinity, inhibiting signaling from ALK2R206H and other rare FOP variants in cells in vitro without affecting signaling of closely related homologs ALK1, ALK3, and ALK6. In vivo efficacy of BLU-782 was demonstrated using a conditional knock-in ALK2R206H mouse model, where prophylactic oral dosing reduced edema and prevented cartilage and heterotopic ossification (HO) in both muscle and bone injury models. BLU-782 treatment preserved the normal muscle-healing response in ALK2R206H mice. Delayed dosing revealed a short 2-day window after injury when BLU-782 treatment prevented HO in ALK2R206H mice, but dosing delays of 4 days or longer abrogated HO prevention. Together, these data suggest that BLU-782 may be a candidate for prevention of HO in FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Davis
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Faith Stevison
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Faris Albayya
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul Fleming
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian L Hodous
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph L Kim
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Kim
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Palmer
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Ruduan Wang
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Douglas Wilson
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lan Xu
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xing Julia Zhu
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marion Dorsch
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy J Guzi
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vivek Kadambi
- Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Lademann F, Rijntjes E, Köhrle J, Tsourdi E, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Hyperthyroidism-driven bone loss depends on BMP receptor Bmpr1a expression in osteoblasts. Commun Biol 2024; 7:548. [PMID: 38719881 PMCID: PMC11078941 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is a well-known trigger of high bone turnover that can lead to the development of secondary osteoporosis. Previously, we have shown that blocking bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling systemically with BMPR1A-Fc can prevent bone loss in hyperthyroid mice. To distinguish between bone cell type-specific effects, conditional knockout mice lacking Bmpr1a in either osteoclast precursors (LysM-Cre) or osteoprogenitors (Osx-Cre) were rendered hyperthyroid and their bone microarchitecture, strength and turnover were analyzed. While hyperthyroidism in osteoclast precursor-specific Bmpr1a knockout mice accelerated bone resorption leading to bone loss just as in wildtype mice, osteoprogenitor-specific Bmpr1a deletion prevented an increase of bone resorption and thus osteoporosis with hyperthyroidism. In vitro, wildtype but not Bmpr1a-deficient osteoblasts responded to thyroid hormone (TH) treatment with increased differentiation and activity. Furthermore, we found an elevated Rankl/Opg ratio with TH excess in osteoblasts and bone tissue from wildtype mice, but not in Bmpr1a knockouts. In line, expression of osteoclast marker genes increased when osteoclasts were treated with supernatants from TH-stimulated wildtype osteoblasts, in contrast to Bmpr1a-deficient cells. In conclusion, we identified the osteoblastic BMP receptor BMPR1A as a main driver of osteoporosis in hyperthyroid mice promoting TH-induced osteoblast activity and potentially its coupling to high osteoclastic resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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6
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Ilhan M, Hastar N, Kampfrath B, Spierling DN, Jatzlau J, Knaus P. BMP Stimulation Differentially Affects Phosphorylation and Protein Stability of β-Catenin in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4593. [PMID: 38731813 PMCID: PMC11083028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased expression and nuclear translocation of β-CATENIN is frequently observed in breast cancer, and it correlates with poor prognosis. Current treatment strategies targeting β-CATENIN are not as efficient as desired. Therefore, detailed understanding of β-CATENIN regulation is crucial. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and Wingless/Integrated (WNT) pathway crosstalk is well-studied for many cancer types including colorectal cancer, whereas it is still poorly understood for breast cancer. Analysis of breast cancer patient data revealed that BMP2 and BMP6 were significantly downregulated in tumors. Since mutation frequency in genes enhancing β-CATENIN protein stability is relatively low in breast cancer, we aimed to investigate whether decreased BMP ligand expression could contribute to a high protein level of β-CATENIN in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that downstream of BMP stimulation, SMAD4 is required to reduce β-CATENIN protein stability through the phosphorylation in MCF7 and T47D cells. Consequently, BMP stimulation reduces β-CATENIN levels and prevents its nuclear translocation and target gene expression in MCF7 cells. Conversely, BMP stimulation has no effect on β-CATENIN phosphorylation or stability in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Likewise, SMAD4 modulation does not alter the response of those cells, indicating that SMAD4 alone is insufficient for BMP-induced β-CATENIN phosphorylation. While our data suggest that considering BMP activity may serve as a prognostic marker for understanding β-CATENIN accumulation risk, further investigation is needed to elucidate the differential responsiveness of breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ilhan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.I.); (N.H.); (B.K.); (D.N.S.)
- Berlin School of Integrative Oncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nurcan Hastar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.I.); (N.H.); (B.K.); (D.N.S.)
- Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.I.); (N.H.); (B.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Deniz Neslihan Spierling
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.I.); (N.H.); (B.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.I.); (N.H.); (B.K.); (D.N.S.)
- Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.I.); (N.H.); (B.K.); (D.N.S.)
- Berlin School of Integrative Oncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Chen Y, Kuang J, Niu Y, Zhu H, Chen X, So KF, Xu A, Shi L. Multiple factors to assist human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to efficiently differentiate into midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:908-914. [PMID: 37843228 PMCID: PMC10664128 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.378203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons play an important role in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. They also represent a potential source of transplanted cells for therapeutic applications. In vitro differentiation of functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons provides an accessible platform to study midbrain neuronal dysfunction and can be used to examine obstacles to dopaminergic neuronal development. Emerging evidence and impressive advances in human induced pluripotent stem cells, with tuned neural induction and differentiation protocols, makes the production of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons feasible. Using SB431542 and dorsomorphin dual inhibitor in an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural induction protocol, we obtained multiple subtypes of neurons, including 20% tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons. To obtain more dopaminergic neurons, we next added sonic hedgehog (SHH) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) on day 8 of induction. This increased the proportion of dopaminergic neurons, up to 75% tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons, with 15% tyrosine hydroxylase and forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) co-expressing neurons. We further optimized the induction protocol by applying the small molecule inhibitor, CHIR99021 (CHIR).This helped facilitate the generation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and we obtained 31-74% midbrain dopaminergic neurons based on tyrosine hydroxylase and FOXA2 staining. Thus, we have established three induction protocols for dopaminergic neurons. Based on tyrosine hydroxylase and FOXA2 immunostaining analysis, the CHIR, SHH, and FGF8 combined protocol produces a much higher proportion of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which could be an ideal resource for tackling midbrain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junxin Kuang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yimei Niu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongyao Zhu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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8
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Alkhatabi HA. Deciphering aging-associated molecular mechanisms in bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells in the elderly using NGS data. Bioinformation 2024; 20:180-189. [PMID: 38497076 PMCID: PMC10941783 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. Despite advancements in research, a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is necessary to develop interventions that promote healthy longevity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the complex mechanisms associated with healthy aging and longevity in healthy elderly individuals. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data used in this study was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number GSE104406), which was collected from Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) of human bone marrow derived human hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSCs) (Lineage-, CD34+, CD38-) young (18-30 years old) and aged (65-75 years old) donors who had no known hematological malignancy, with 10 biological replicates per group. The GEO RNA-seq Experiments Interactive Navigator (GREIN) software was used to obtain raw gene-level counts and filtered metadata for this dataset. Next generation knowledge discovery (NGKD) tools provided by BioJupies were used to obtain differentially regulated pathways, gene ontologies (GO), and gene signatures in the BM-HSCs. Finally, the L1000 Characteristic Direction Signature Search Engine (L1000CDS2) tool was used to identify specific drugs that reverse aging-associated gene signatures in old but healthy individuals. The down-regulation of signaling pathways such as longevity regulation, proteasome, Notch, apoptosis, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathways in the BM-HSCs of healthy elderly. GO functions related to negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), telomeric DNA binding, nucleoside binding, calcium -dependent protein binding, chromatin-DNA binding, SMAD binding, and demethylase activity were significantly downregulated in the BM-HSCs of the elderly compared to the healthy young group. Importantly, potential drugs such as salermide, celestrol, cercosporin, dorsomorphin dihydrochloride, and LDN-193189 monohydrochloride that can reverse the aging-associated signatures in HSCs from healthy elderly were identified. The analysis of RNA-seq data based on NGKD techniques revealed a plethora of differentially regulated pathways, gene ontologies, and drugs with anti-aging potential to promote healthspan in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Alkhatabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Majumder N, Roy C, Doenges L, Martin I, Barbero A, Ghosh S. Covalent Conjugation of Small Molecule Inhibitors and Growth Factors to a Silk Fibroin-Derived Bioink to Develop Phenotypically Stable 3D Bioprinted Cartilage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9925-9943. [PMID: 38362893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Implantation of a phenotypically stable cartilage graft could represent a viable approach for repairing osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage lesions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of modulating the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling cascades in human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC)-encapsulated silk fibroin gelatin (SF-G) bioink. The selected small molecules LDN193189, TGFβ3, and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) are covalently conjugated to SF-G biomaterial to ensure sustained release, increased bioavailability, and printability, confirmed by ATR-FTIR, release kinetics, and rheological analyses. The 3D bioprinted constructs with chondrogenically differentiated hBMSCs were incubated in an OA-inducing medium for 14 days and assessed through a detailed qPCR, immunofluorescence, and biochemical analyses. Despite substantial heterogeneity in the observations among the donors, the IL1Ra molecule illustrated the maximum efficiency in enhancing the expression of articular cartilage components, reducing the expression of hypertrophic markers (re-validated by the GeneMANIA tool), as well as reducing the production of inflammatory molecules by the hBMSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated a novel strategy to develop a chemically decorated, printable and biomimetic SF-G bioink to produce hyaline cartilage grafts resistant to acquiring OA traits that can be used for the treatment of degenerated cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Majumder
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chandrashish Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Laura Doenges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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10
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Sun J, Wu Q, Wei Y, Zhao W, Lv H, Peng W, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Pan Y, Xue Y. Agaricus bisporus-Derived Glucosamine Hydrochloride Regulates VEGF through BMP Signaling to Promote Zebrafish Vascular Development and Impairment Repair. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2330. [PMID: 38137931 PMCID: PMC10745105 DOI: 10.3390/life13122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) is a natural component of glycoproteins present in almost all human tissues and participates in the construction of human tissues and cell membranes. GAH has a wide range of biological activities, particularly in anti-inflammatory and osteogenic damage repair. At present, little is known about how GAH functions in angiogenesis. To determine the role of GAH on vascular development and impairment repair, we used the inhibitors VRI, DMH1, and dorsomorphin (DM) to construct vascular-impaired models in Tg(kdrl: mCherry) transgenic zebrafish. We then treated with GAH and measured its repair effects on vascular impairment through fluorescence intensity, mRNA, and protein expression levels of vascular-specific markers. Our results indicate that GAH promotes vascular development and repairs impairment by regulating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway through modulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. This study provides an experimental basis for the development of GAH as a drug to repair vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Sun
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Qici Wu
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yuxin Wei
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Haokun Lv
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Wei Peng
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Zhengsen Wang
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yutian Pan
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yu Xue
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China; (J.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (W.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
- Fujian Fungal Active Substance Engineering Technology Center, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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11
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Terauchi A, Yee P, Johnson-Venkatesh EM, Seiglie MP, Kim L, Pitino JC, Kritzer E, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Li Y, Ginty DD, Lee WCA, Umemori H. The projection-specific signals that establish functionally segregated dopaminergic synapses. Cell 2023; 186:3845-3861.e24. [PMID: 37591240 PMCID: PMC10540635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic projections regulate various brain functions and are implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. There are two anatomically and functionally distinct dopaminergic projections connecting the midbrain to striatum: nigrostriatal, which controls movement, and mesolimbic, which regulates motivation. However, how these discrete dopaminergic synaptic connections are established is unknown. Through an unbiased search, we identify that two groups of antagonistic TGF-β family members, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)6/BMP2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, regulate dopaminergic synapse development of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic neurons, respectively. Projection-preferential expression of their receptors contributes to specific synapse development. Downstream, Smad1 and Smad2 are specifically activated and required for dopaminergic synapse development and function in nigrostriatal vs. mesolimbic projections. Remarkably, Smad1 mutant mice show motor defects, whereas Smad2 mutant mice show lack of motivation. These results uncover the molecular logic underlying the proper establishment of functionally segregated dopaminergic synapses and may provide strategies to treat relevant, projection-specific disease symptoms by targeting specific BMPs/TGF-β and/or Smads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Terauchi
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Yee
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin M Johnson-Venkatesh
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariel P Seiglie
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia C Pitino
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eli Kritzer
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Chung A Lee
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Wang L, Wang Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Song S, Ding W, Xu D, Zhao Z. BMP6 regulates AMH expression via SMAD1/5/8 in goat ovarian granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2023; 197:167-176. [PMID: 36525856 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by ovarian granulosa cells (GCs)and plays a major role in inhibiting the recruitment of primordial follicles and reducing the sensitivity of growing follicles to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) has similar spatiotemporal expression to AMH during follicular development, suggesting that BMP6 may regulate AMH expression. However, the specific mechanism by which BMP6 regulates AMH expression remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular pathway by which BMP6 regulates AMH expression. The results showed that BMP6 promoted the secretion and expression of AMH in goat ovarian GCs. Mechanistically, BMP6 upregulated the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) and GATA-binding factor 4 (GATA4), which was associated with the transcriptional initiation of AMH. AMH expression was significantly decreased by GATA4 knockdown. Moreover, BMP6 treatment promoted the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, whereas inhibiting the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway significantly abolished BMP6-induced upregulation of AMH and GATA4 expression. Interestingly, the activation of SMAD1/5/8 alone did not affect the expression of AMH or GATA4. The results suggested that BMP6 upregulated GATA4 through the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway, which in turn promoted AMH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Bijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shuaifei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wenfei Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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13
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BMP/Smad Pathway Is Involved in Lithium Carbonate-Induced Neural-Tube Defects in Mice and Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314831. [PMID: 36499158 PMCID: PMC9735442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural-tube defects (NTDs) are one type of the most serious birth defects. Studies have shown that inositol deficiency is closely related to the occurrence of NTDs. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated Smad signaling pathways have been implicated in neurogenesis and neural-tube closure. However, the role of the BMP/Smad pathway in inositol-deficiency-induced NTDs remains unclear. Inositol-deficiency models in C57 mice and mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) were induced with Li2CO3 treatment or inositol withdrawal. The role of the BMP/Smad pathway in the regulation of cell proliferation and the development of NTDs was determined utilizing qRT-PCR, HE staining, Western blot, immunostaining, MTT assay, EdU staining, and flow cytometry. The intraperitoneal injection of Li2CO3 at Embryonic Day 7.5 induced the occurrence of NTDs. The mRNA levels of Bmp2, Bmp4, Smad1, Smad5, Smad8 and Runx2, the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, and the nuclear translocation of Runx2 were significantly increased in NTD embryonic brain tissues and mNSCs exposed to Li2CO3 or an inositol-free medium, which were suppressed by BMP receptor selective inhibitor LDN-193189. The Li2CO3-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 was inhibited by inositol supplementation. Cell proliferation was significantly promoted by Li2CO3 exposure or the absence of inositol in mNSCs, which was reversed by LDN-193189. These results suggest that the activation of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway might play an important role in the development of NTDs induced by maternal Li2CO3 exposure via inositol deficiency.
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14
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Hsu CC, Peng D, Cai Z, Lin HK. AMPK signaling and its targeting in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:52-68. [PMID: 33862221 PMCID: PMC9768867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms sensing the imbalance of energy in cells are pivotal for cell survival under various environmental insults. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central guardian maintaining energy homeostasis by orchestrating diverse cellular processes, such as lipogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics. Given that AMPK plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy balance and metabolism, managing AMPK activation is considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since AMPK has been attributed to aberrant activation of metabolic pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and functions, and epigenetic regulation, which are hallmarks of cancer, targeting AMPK may open up a new avenue for cancer therapies. Although AMPK is previously thought to be involved in tumor suppression, several recent studies have unraveled its tumor promoting activity. The double-edged sword characteristics for AMPK as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene are determined by distinct cellular contexts. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in dissecting the upstream regulators and downstream effectors for AMPK, discuss the distinct roles of AMPK in cancer regulation and finally offer potential strategies with AMPK targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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15
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Mendez PL, Obendorf L, Jatzlau J, Burdzinski W, Reichenbach M, Nageswaran V, Haghikia A, Stangl V, Hiepen C, Knaus P. Atheroprone fluid shear stress-regulated ALK1-Endoglin-SMAD signaling originates from early endosomes. BMC Biol 2022; 20:210. [PMID: 36171573 PMCID: PMC9520843 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid shear stress enhances endothelial SMAD1/5 signaling via the BMP9-bound ALK1 receptor complex supported by the co-receptor Endoglin. While moderate SMAD1/5 activation is required to maintain endothelial quiescence, excessive SMAD1/5 signaling promotes endothelial dysfunction. Increased BMP signaling participates in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation culminating in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. While the function of Endoglin has so far been described under picomolar concentrations of BMP9 and short-term shear application, we investigated Endoglin under physiological BMP9 and long-term pathophysiological shear conditions. RESULTS We report here that knock-down of Endoglin leads to exacerbated SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and atheroprone gene expression profile in HUVECs sheared for 24 h. Making use of the ligand-trap ALK1-Fc, we furthermore show that this increase is dependent on BMP9/10. Mechanistically, we reveal that long-term exposure of ECs to low laminar shear stress leads to enhanced Endoglin expression and endocytosis of Endoglin in Caveolin-1-positive early endosomes. In these endosomes, we could localize the ALK1-Endoglin complex, labeled BMP9 as well as SMAD1, highlighting Caveolin-1 vesicles as a SMAD signaling compartment in cells exposed to low atheroprone laminar shear stress. CONCLUSIONS We identified Endoglin to be essential in preventing excessive activation of SMAD1/5 under physiological flow conditions and Caveolin-1-positive early endosomes as a new flow-regulated signaling compartment for BMP9-ALK1-Endoglin signaling axis in atheroprone flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Lennard Mendez
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,International Max-Planck Research School for Biology and Computation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leon Obendorf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiktor Burdzinski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Reichenbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanasa Nageswaran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Kardiologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Kardiologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany. .,International Max-Planck Research School for Biology and Computation, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Shonibare Z, Monavarian M, O’Connell K, Altomare D, Shelton A, Mehta S, Jaskula-Sztul R, Phaeton R, Starr MD, Whitaker R, Berchuck A, Nixon AB, Arend RC, Lee NY, Miller CR, Hempel N, Mythreye K. Reciprocal SOX2 regulation by SMAD1-SMAD3 is critical for anoikis resistance and metastasis in cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111066. [PMID: 35905726 PMCID: PMC9899501 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors in tumor environments are regulators of cell survival and metastasis. Here, we reveal the dichotomy between TGF-β superfamily growth factors BMP and TGF-β/activin and their downstream SMAD effectors. Gene expression profiling uncovers SOX2 as a key contextual signaling node regulated in an opposing manner by BMP2, -4, and -9 and TGF-β and activin A to impact anchorage-independent cell survival. We find that SOX2 is repressed by BMPs, leading to a reduction in intraperitoneal tumor burden and improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. Repression of SOX2 is driven by SMAD1-dependent histone H3K27me3 recruitment and DNA methylation at SOX2's promoter. Conversely, TGF-β, which is elevated in patient ascites, and activin A can promote SOX2 expression and anchorage-independent survival by SMAD3-dependent histone H3K4me3 recruitment. Our findings identify SOX2 as a contextual and contrastingly regulated node downstream of TGF-β members controlling anchorage-independent survival and metastasis in ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Shonibare
- Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mehri Monavarian
- Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kathleen O’Connell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Abigail Shelton
- Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shubham Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Phaeton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark D. Starr
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew B. Nixon
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Arend
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nam Y. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Department of Pathology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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17
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Miao X, Niibe K, Fu Y, Zhang M, Nattasit P, Ohori-Morita Y, Nakamura T, Jiang X, Egusa H. Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890882. [PMID: 35800329 PMCID: PMC9253510 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise for their directed differentiation into ameloblasts, which are usually lost after tooth eruption. Ameloblast differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Epiprofin (Epfn), a transcription factor, is expressed in the dental epithelium, and epithelial Epfn overexpression results in ectopic ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation in mouse incisor, a striking phenotype resembling that of mice with deletion of follistatin (a BMP inhibitor). However, it remains unknown whether and how Epfn transcriptional activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs. Here, we generated doxycycline-inducible Epfn-expressing mouse iPSCs (Epfn-iPSCs). Ameloblasts, which are characterized by positive staining for keratin 14 and amelogenin and alizarin red S staining, were successfully derived from Epfn-iPSCs based on a stage-specific induction protocol, which involved the induction of the surface ectoderm, dental epithelial cells, and ameloblasts at stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Epfn activation by doxycycline at stages 2 and/or 3 decreased cell proliferation and promoted ameloblast differentiation, along with the upregulation of p-Smad1/5/8, a key regulator of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway. Gene analysis of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway-associated molecules revealed that Epfn activation decreased follistatin expression at stage 2, but increased BMP2/4/7 expression at stage 3. Perturbations in the ameloblast differentiation process were observed when the BMP-Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by a BMP receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189). Simultaneous LDN-193189 treatment and Epfn activation largely reversed the perturbations in ameloblast induction, with partial recovery of p-Smad1/5/8 expression, suggesting that Epfn activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs partially by upregulating BMP-Smad activity. These results reveal the potential regulatory networks between Epfn and the BMP-Smad pathway and suggest that Epfn is a promising target for inducing the differentiation of ameloblasts, which can be used in enamel and tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Miao
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kunimichi Niibe, ; Hiroshi Egusa,
| | - Yunyu Fu
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Praphawi Nattasit
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohori-Morita
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kunimichi Niibe, ; Hiroshi Egusa,
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Dias C, Nita E, Faktor J, Hernychova L, Kunath T, Ball KL. Generation of a CHIP isogenic human iPSC-derived cortical neuron model for functional proteomics. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101247. [PMID: 35391935 PMCID: PMC8980993 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective E3-ubiquitin ligase CHIP is linked to healthy aging. Here, we present a protocol using a patient-derived iPSC line with a triplication of the α-synuclein gene to produce gene-edited cells isogenic for CHIP. We describe iPSC differentiation into cortical neurons and their identity validation. We then detail mass spectrometry-based approaches (SWATH-MS) to identify dominant changes in the steady state proteome generated by loss of CHIP function. This protocol can be adapted to other proteins that impact proteostasis in neurons. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dias et al. (2021). Generation of human iPSCs that are isogenic for the E3-ligase CHIP Differentiation of iPSCs into cortical neurons and validation over 80-days Preparation of cortical neurons samples suitable for label free proteomic analysis SWATH-MS measurement of steady state protein levels to facilitate pathway analysis
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19
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Tyagi N, Gambhir K, Sharma D, Gangenahalli G, Verma YK. Data mining and structural analysis for multi-tissue regeneration potential of BMP-4 and activator drugs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2067899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Tyagi
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Kirtida Gambhir
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India
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20
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Two Modulators of Skeletal Development: BMPs and Proteoglycans. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020015. [PMID: 35466193 PMCID: PMC9036252 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, skeletal development is tightly regulated by locally secreted growth factors that interact with proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors that play critical roles in cartilage maturation and bone formation. BMP signals are transduced from plasma membrane receptors to the nucleus through both canonical Smad and noncanonical p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. BMP signalling is modulated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous molecular mechanisms at different spatiotemporal levels and in both positive and negative manners. As an endogenous example, BMPs undergo extracellular regulation by PGs, which generally regulate the efficiency of ligand-receptor binding. BMP signalling can also be exogenously perturbed by a group of small molecule antagonists, such as dorsomorphin and its derivatives, that selectively bind to and inhibit the intracellular kinase domain of BMP type I receptors. In this review, we present a current understanding of BMPs and PGs functions in cartilage maturation and osteoblast differentiation, highlighting BMP–PG interactions. We also discuss the identification of highly selective small-molecule BMP receptor type I inhibitors. This review aims to shed light on the importance of BMP signalling and PGs in cartilage maturation and bone formation.
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21
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Franco RAG, McKenna E, Robey PG, Shajib MS, Crawford RW, Doran MR, Futrega K. Inhibition of BMP signaling with LDN 193189 can influence bone marrow stromal cell fate but does not prevent hypertrophy during chondrogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:616-632. [PMID: 35180395 PMCID: PMC9039850 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) cascades are upregulated during bone marrow-derived stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenesis, contributing to hypertrophy and preventing effective BMSC-mediated cartilage repair. Previous work demonstrated that a proprietary BMP inhibitor prevented BMSC hypertrophy, yielding stable cartilage tissue. Because of the significant therapeutic potential of a molecule capable of hypertrophy blockade, we evaluated the capacity of a commercially available BMP type I receptor inhibitor with similar properties, LDN 193189, to prevent BMSC hypertrophy. Using 14-day microtissue chondrogenic induction cultures we found that LDN 193189 permitted BMSC chondrogenesis but did not prevent hypertrophy. LDN 193189 was sufficiently potent to counter mineralization and adipogenesis in response to exogenous BMP-2 in osteogenic induction cultures. LDN 193189 did not modify BMSC behavior in adipogenic induction cultures. Although LDN 193189 is effective in countering BMP signaling in a manner that influences BMSC fate, this blockade is insufficient to prevent hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ann G Franco
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Md Shaffiulah Shajib
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Kalal BS, Modi PK, Upadhya D, Saha P, Prasad TSK, Pai VR. Inhibition of bone morphogenetic proteins signaling suppresses metastasis melanoma: a proteomics approach. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11081-11093. [PMID: 34786044 PMCID: PMC8581940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, known to promote the tumor invasion and metastasis. There are continual progresses in understanding the role of BMP signaling pathways in carcinogenesis. However, the biological significance of BMPs in human melanoma has received very little attention. The study aimed to explore the effect of BMP inhibition on melanoma treated with LDN193189 (BMP inhibitor) using a quantitative proteomics approach in a melanoma xenograft model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Melanoma tumor was induced in C57BL6 mice and treated intraperitoneally with LDN193189 for ten consecutive days. Post-treatment, tumors were collected, and comparative proteomics was performed using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. RESULTS Treatment of melanoma with LDN193189 at 3 mg/kg body weight twice daily showed a significant decrease in the growth rate of the tumor compared to the other doses tested. Quantitative proteomic profiling identified 3231 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of the 131 differentially expressed proteins selected by their relative abundance revealed that LDN193189 induces alterations in the cellular and metabolic process and the proteins that are involved in protein binding and catalytic activity in melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of metallothionein (MT) 1 and MT2, emerging proteins for their role in tumor formation, progression, and drug resistance and transcription factor EB that plays a crucial role in the regulation of basic cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, were identified upon inhibition of the BMP pathway in melanoma, suggesting their roles in melanoma growth. Understanding the role of these proteins will provide new directions for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education ManipalUdupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratip Saha
- Proteomics Facility, Thermo Fisher Scientific India Pvt LtdBengaluru 560016, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vinitha Ramanath Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
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23
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Aashaq S, Batool A, Mir SA, Beigh MA, Andrabi KI, Shah ZA. TGF-β signaling: A recap of SMAD-independent and SMAD-dependent pathways. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:59-85. [PMID: 34286853 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and tumorigenesis. TGF-β-mediated physiological effects are heterogeneous and vary among different types of cells and environmental conditions. TGF-β serves as an antiproliferative agent and inhibits tumor development during primary stages of tumor progression; however, during the later stages, it encourages tumor development and mediates metastatic progression and chemoresistance. The fundamental elements of TGF-β signaling have been divulged more than a decade ago; however, the process by which the signals are relayed from cell surface to nucleus is very complex with additional layers added in tumor cell niches. Although the intricate understanding of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways and their regulation are still evolving, we tried to make an attempt to summarize the TGF-β-mediated SMAD-dependent andSMAD-independent pathways. This manuscript emphasizes the functions of TGF-β as a metastatic promoter and tumor suppressor during the later and initial phases of tumor progression respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - Asiya Batool
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, JK, India
| | | | | | | | - Zaffar Amin Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, JK, India
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24
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Bassen D, Wang M, Pham D, Sun S, Rao R, Singh R, Butcher J. Hydrostatic mechanical stress regulates growth and maturation of the atrioventricular valve. Development 2021; 148:270769. [PMID: 34086041 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During valvulogenesis, cytoskeletal, secretory and transcriptional events drive endocardial cushion growth and remodeling into thin fibrous leaflets. Genetic disorders play an important role in understanding valve malformations but only account for a minority of clinical cases. Mechanical forces are ever present, but how they coordinate molecular and cellular decisions remains unclear. In this study, we used osmotic pressure to interrogate how compressive and tensile stresses influence valve growth and shape maturation. We found that compressive stress drives a growth phenotype, whereas tensile stress increases compaction. We identified a mechanically activated switch between valve growth and maturation, by which compression induces cushion growth via BMP-pSMAD1/5, while tension induces maturation via pSer-19-mediated MLC2 contractility. The compressive stress acts through BMP signaling to increase cell proliferation and decrease cell contractility, and MEK-ERK is essential for both compressive stress and BMP mediation of compaction. We further showed that the effects of osmotic stress are conserved through the condensation and elongation stages of development. Together, our results demonstrate that compressive/tensile stress regulation of BMP-pSMAD1/5 and MLC2 contractility orchestrates valve growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bassen
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mingkun Wang
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Duc Pham
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shuofei Sun
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rashmi Rao
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rishabh Singh
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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25
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Wagstaff EL, Heredero Berzal A, Boon CJF, Quinn PMJ, ten Asbroek ALMA, Bergen AA. The Role of Small Molecules and Their Effect on the Molecular Mechanisms of Early Retinal Organoid Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7081. [PMID: 34209272 PMCID: PMC8268497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in vivo embryonic retinal development is a well-documented and evolutionary conserved process. The specification towards eye development is temporally controlled by consecutive activation or inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways. Recently, with the use of retinal organoids, researchers aim to manipulate these pathways to achieve better human representative models for retinal development and disease. To achieve this, a plethora of different small molecules and signaling factors have been used at various time points and concentrations in retinal organoid differentiations, with varying success. Additions differ from protocol to protocol, but their usefulness or efficiency has not yet been systematically reviewed. Interestingly, many of these small molecules affect the same and/or multiple pathways, leading to reduced reproducibility and high variability between studies. In this review, we make an inventory of the key signaling pathways involved in early retinogenesis and their effect on the development of the early retina in vitro. Further, we provide a comprehensive overview of the small molecules and signaling factors that are added to retinal organoid differentiation protocols, documenting the molecular and functional effects of these additions. Lastly, we comparatively evaluate several of these factors using our established retinal organoid methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L. Wagstaff
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Heredero Berzal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Quinn
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center—New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | | | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Dewell TE, Gjoni K, Liu AZ, Libby ARG, Moore AT, So PL, Conklin BR. Transcription factor overexpression drives reliable differentiation of retinal pigment epithelium from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102368. [PMID: 34087997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration and genetic forms of blindness such as Best Disease and Retinitis Pigmentosa can be caused by degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE). RPE generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is valuable for both the study of disease mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies. However, protocols to produce iPSC-derived RPE in vitro are often inefficient, labor-intensive, low-throughput, and highly variable between cell lines and within batches. Here, we report a robust, scalable method to generate iPSC-RPE using doxycycline-inducible expression of eye field transcription factors OTX2, PAX6 and MITF paired with RPE-permissive culture media. Doxycycline addition induces exogenous expression of these transcription factors in Best Disease patient- and wildtype iPSCs to efficiently produce monolayers of RPE with characteristic morphology and gene expression. Further, these RPE monolayers display functionality features including light absorption via pigmentation, polarity-driven fluid transport, and phagocytosis. With this method, we achieve a highly efficient and easily scalable differentiation without the need for mechanical isolation or enrichment methods, generating RPE cultures applicable for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E Dewell
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ketrin Gjoni
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Angela Z Liu
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ashley R G Libby
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California, 1675 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anthony T Moore
- UCSF Department of Ophthalmology, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0730, USA
| | - Po-Lin So
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Gladstone Institutes Stem Cell Core, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Department of Ophthalmology, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0730, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCSF Department of Medicine, 535 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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27
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do Carmo Costa A, Copola AGL, Carvalho E Souza C, Nogueira JM, Silva GAB, Jorge EC. RGMa can induce skeletal muscle cell hyperplasia via association with neogenin signalling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:415-427. [PMID: 33748906 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although originally discovered inducing important biological functions in the nervous system, repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) has now been identified as a player in many other processes and diseases, including in myogenesis. RGMa is known to be expressed in skeletal muscle cells, from somites to the adult. Functional in vitro studies have revealed that RGMa overexpression could promote skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, as higher efficiency in cell fusion was observed. Here, we extend the potential role of RGMa during C2C12 cell differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that RGMa administrated as a recombinant protein during late stages of C2C12 myogenic differentiation could induce myoblast cell fusion and the downregulation of different myogenic markers, while its administration at early stages induced the expression of myogenic markers with no detectable morphological effects. We also found that RGMa effects on skeletal muscle hyperplasia are performed via neogenin receptor, possibly as part of a complex with other proteins. Additionally, we observed that RGMa-neogenin is not playing a role as an inhibitor of the BMP signalling in skeletal muscle cells. This work contributes to placing RGMa as a component of the mechanisms that determine skeletal cell fusion via neogenin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinne do Carmo Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Clara Carvalho E Souza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil.
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28
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Kim Y, Sengupta S, Sim T. Natural and Synthetic Lactones Possessing Antitumor Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031052. [PMID: 33494352 PMCID: PMC7865919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for an estimated 8 million deaths each year. As a result, there have been urgent unmet medical needs to discover novel oncology drugs. Natural and synthetic lactones have a broad spectrum of biological uses including anti-tumor, anti-helminthic, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Particularly, several natural and synthetic lactones have emerged as anti-cancer agents over the past decades. In this review, we address natural and synthetic lactones focusing on their anti-tumor activities and synthetic routes. Moreover, we aim to highlight our journey towards chemical modification and biological evaluation of a resorcylic acid lactone, L-783277 (4). We anticipate that utilization of the natural and synthetic lactones as novel scaffolds would benefit the process of oncology drug discovery campaigns based on natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science (Brain Korea 21 Project), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sandip Sengupta
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science (Brain Korea 21 Project), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science (Brain Korea 21 Project), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-0797
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29
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Besser RR, Bowles AC, Alassaf A, Carbonero D, Maciel R, Saporta M, Agarwal A. A Chemically Defined Common Medium for Culture of C2C12 Skeletal Muscle and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Spinal Spheroids. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:605-619. [PMID: 33281990 PMCID: PMC7704992 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multicellular platforms and linked multi organ on chip devices are powerful tools for drug discovery, and basic mechanistic studies. Often, a critical constraint is defining a culture medium optimal for all cells present in the system. In this study, we focused on the key cells of the neuromuscular junction i.e., skeletal muscle and motor neurons. METHODS Formulation of a chemically defined medium for the co-culture of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived spinal spheroids (SpS) was optimized. C2C12 cells in 10 experimental media conditions and 2 topographies were evaluated over a 14-day maturation period to determine the ideal medium formulation for skeletal muscle tissue development. RESULTS During early maturation, overexpression of genes for myogenesis and myopathy was observed for several media conditions, corresponding to muscle delamination and death. Together, we identified 3 media formulations that allowed for more controlled differentiation, healthier muscle tissue, and long-term culture duration. This evidence was then used to select media formulations to culture SpS and subsequently assessed axonal growth. As axonal growth in SpS cultures was comparable in all selected media conditions, our data suggest that the neuronal basal medium with no added supplements is the ideal medium formulation for both cell types. CONCLUSIONS Optimization using both topographical cues and culture media formulations provides a comprehensive analyses of culture conditions that are vital to future applications for in vitro NMJ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Besser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Annie C. Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carbonero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Renata Maciel
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 1310, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Mario Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 1310, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
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30
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Liu W, Feng M, Jayasuriya CT, Peng H, Zhang L, Guan Y, Froehlich JA, Terek RM, Chen Q. Human osteoarthritis cartilage-derived stromal cells activate joint degeneration through TGF-beta lateral signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:16552-16566. [PMID: 33118211 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human osteoarthritis cartilage contains chondrocytes (OAC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (OA-MSC). Here, we found that TGF-β had different effects on OA-MSC and OAC, and revealed its lateral signaling mechanism in OA. RNAseq analysis indicated that OA-MSC expressed the same level of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Receptor-1A as OAC but only 1/12 of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) Receptor-1. While TGF-β specifically activated SMAD2 in OAC, it also activated BMP signaling-associated SMAD1 in OA-MSC. While TGF-β stimulated chondrogenesis in OAC, it induced hypertrophy, mineralization, and MMP-13 in OA-MSC. Inhibiting TGF-βR1 suppressed MMP-13 in OA-MSC but stimulated it in OAC. In contrast, by specifically targeting BMPR1A/ACVR1 in both cell types, LDN193189 inhibits cartilage degeneration through suppressing hypertrophy and MMP-13 in a mouse osteoarthritis model. Thus, LDN193189, a drug under development to inhibit constitutive BMP signaling during heterotopic ossification, may be re-purposed for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chathuraka T Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hang Peng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John A Froehlich
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard M Terek
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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31
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Lademann F, Weidner H, Tsourdi E, Kumar R, Rijntjes E, Köhrle J, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Disruption of BMP Signaling Prevents Hyperthyroidism-Induced Bone Loss in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2058-2069. [PMID: 32453466 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are key regulators of bone health, and TH excess in mice causes high bone turnover-mediated bone loss. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of TH actions on bone remain poorly defined. Here, we tested the hypothesis whether TH mediate their effects via the pro-osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Primary murine osteoblasts treated with 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3 ) showed an enhanced differentiation potential, which was associated with activated canonical BMP/SMAD signaling reflected by SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation. Blocking BMP signaling at the receptor (LDN193189) and ligand level (noggin, anti-BMP2/BMP4 neutralizing antibodies) inhibited T3 -induced osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, TH excess over 4 weeks in male C57BL/6JRj mice led to severe trabecular bone loss with a high bone turnover that was completely prevented by treatment with the BMP ligand scavenger ALK3-Fc. Thus, TH activate the canonical BMP pathway in osteoblasts to promote their differentiation and function. Importantly, this study indicates that blocking the BMP pathway may be an effective strategy to treat hyperthyroidism-induced bone loss. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Weidner
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Acceleron Pharma, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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32
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Thayer TE, Lino Cardenas CL, Martyn T, Nicholson CJ, Traeger L, Wunderer F, Slocum C, Sigurslid H, Shakartzi HR, O'Rourke C, Shelton G, Buswell MD, Barnes H, Neitzel LR, Ledsky CD, Li JP, Burke MF, Farber-Eger E, Perrien DS, Kumar R, Corey KE, Wells QS, Bloch KD, Hong CC, Bloch DB, Malhotra R. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9831. [PMID: 32561790 PMCID: PMC7305229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over 30% of adults in the United States. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is known to contribute to hepatic fibrosis, but the role of BMP signaling in the development of NAFLD is unclear. In this study, treatment with either of two BMP inhibitors reduced hepatic triglyceride content in diabetic (db/db) mice. BMP inhibitor-induced decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels was associated with decreased mRNA encoding Dgat2, an enzyme integral to triglyceride synthesis. Treatment of hepatoma cells with BMP2 induced DGAT2 expression and activity via intracellular SMAD signaling. In humans we identified a rare missense single nucleotide polymorphism in the BMP type 1 receptor ALK6 (rs34970181;R371Q) associated with a 2.1-fold increase in the prevalence of NAFLD. In vitro analyses revealed R371Q:ALK6 is a previously unknown constitutively active receptor. These data show that BMP signaling is an important determinant of NAFLD in a murine model and is associated with NAFLD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Thayer
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Trejeeve Martyn
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher J Nicholson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Traeger
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Florian Wunderer
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles Slocum
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haakon Sigurslid
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hannah R Shakartzi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin O'Rourke
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Georgia Shelton
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary D Buswell
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanna Barnes
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Clara D Ledsky
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason Pingcheng Li
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan F Burke
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Farber-Eger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel S Perrien
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Kathleen E Corey
- GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Durso W, Martins M, Marchetti L, Cremisi F, Luin S, Cardarelli F. Lysosome Dynamic Properties during Neuronal Stem Cell Differentiation Studied by Spatiotemporal Fluctuation Spectroscopy and Organelle Tracking. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093397. [PMID: 32403391 PMCID: PMC7247004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated lysosome dynamics during neuronal stem cell (NSC) differentiation by two quantitative and complementary biophysical methods based on fluorescence: imaging-derived mean square displacement (iMSD) and single-particle tracking (SPT). The former extracts the average dynamics and size of the whole population of moving lysosomes directly from imaging, with no need to calculate single trajectories; the latter resolves the finest heterogeneities and dynamic features at the single-lysosome level, which are lost in the iMSD analysis. In brief, iMSD analysis reveals that, from a structural point of view, lysosomes decrement in size during NSC differentiation, from 1 μm average diameter in the embryonic cells to approximately 500 nm diameter in the fully differentiated cells. Concomitantly, iMSD analysis highlights modification of key dynamic parameters, such as the average local organelle diffusivity and anomalous coefficient, which may parallel cytoskeleton remodeling during the differentiation process. From average to local, SPT allows mapping heterogeneous dynamic responses of single lysosomes in different districts of the cells. For instance, a dramatic decrease of lysosomal transport in the soma is followed by a rapid increase of transport in the projections at specific time points during neuronal differentiation, an observation compatible with the hypothesis that lysosomal active mobilization shifts from the soma to the newborn projections. Our combined results provide new insight into the lysosome size and dynamics regulation throughout NSC differentiation, supporting new functions proposed for this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durso
- NEST Laboratory—Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Manuella Martins
- Bio@SNS Laboratory—Scuola Normale Superiore, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST (CNI@NEST), Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federico Cremisi
- Bio@SNS Laboratory—Scuola Normale Superiore, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory—Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory—Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (F.C.)
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34
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Shi Y, Zhao M, He M. PfSMAD1/5 Can Interact with PfSMAD4 to Inhibit PfMSX to Regulate Shell Biomineralization in Pinctada fucata martensii. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:246-262. [PMID: 31960221 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The BMP2 signal transduced by SMAD1/5 plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Shell formation of Pinctada fucata martensii is a typical biomineralization process that is similar to that of teeth/bone formation. However, whether the Pinctada fucata BMP2 (PfBMP2) signal transduced by PfSMAD1/5 occurs in P. f. martensii, how the PfBMP2 signal is transduced by PfSMAD1/5, and how PfSMAD1/5 regulates the biomineralization process in this species and other shellfish are poorly understood. Therefore, injection experiments of recombinant PfBMP2 and inhibitor dorsomorphin revealed that PfSMAD1/5 can transduce PfBMP2 signals. Subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that PfSMAD1/5 phosphorylated by PfBMPR1b interacts with PfSMAD4 in the cytoplasm to form a complex, which translocates to the nucleus to transduce PfBMP2 signals. Co-immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays revealed that PfSMAD1/5 may interact with PfMSX to dislodge it from its binding element, resulting in initiation of mantle gene transcription. The in vivo functional assay showed that knockdown of PfMSAD1/5 decreased expression of shell matrix genes and disordered the nacreous layer, and the correlation assay of shell regeneration showed the concomitant expression pattern of PfSMAD1/5 and shell matrix genes. Together, these data showed that PfSMAD1/5 can transduce PfBMP2 signals to regulate shell biomineralization in P. f. martensii, which illustrated conservation of the BMP2-SMAD signal pathway among invertebrates. Particularly, the results suggest that there is only one PfMSX gene, which functions like the Hox gene in vertebrates, that interacts with PfSMAD1/5 in a protein-protein action form and plays the role of transcription repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Mi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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35
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Dorsomorphin: A novel inhibitor of Dickkopf-1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:360-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Guo L, Sakamoto A, Cornelissen A, Hong CC, Finn AV. Ironing-Out the Role of Hepcidin in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:303-305. [PMID: 30811251 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- From the CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., A.S., A.C., A.V.F.)
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- From the CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., A.S., A.C., A.V.F.)
| | - Anne Cornelissen
- From the CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., A.S., A.C., A.V.F.)
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.C.H., A.V.F.)
| | - Aloke V Finn
- From the CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., A.S., A.C., A.V.F.).,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.C.H., A.V.F.)
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37
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Hart CG, Dyck SM, Kataria H, Alizadeh A, Nagakannan P, Thliveris JA, Eftekharpour E, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Acute upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein-4 regulates endogenous cell response and promotes cell death in spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 325:113163. [PMID: 31881217 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a cascade of secondary injury mechanisms that induce profound changes in glia and neurons resulting in their activation, injury or cell death. The resultant imbalanced microenvironment of acute SCI also negatively impacts regenerative processes in the injured spinal cord. Thus, it is imperative to uncover endogenous mechanisms that drive these acute injury events. Here, we demonstrate that the active form of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) is robustly and transiently upregulated in acute SCI in rats. BMP4 is a key morphogen in neurodevelopment; however, its role in SCI is not fully defined. Thus, we elucidated the ramification of BMP4 upregulation in a preclinical model of compressive/contusive SCI in the rat by employing noggin, an endogenous antagonist of BMP ligands, and LDN193189, an intracellular inhibitor of BMP signaling. In parallel, we studied cell-specific effects of BMP4 on neural precursor cells (NPCs), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), neurons and astrocytes in vitro. We demonstrate that activation of BMP4 inhibits differentiation of spinal cord NPCs and OPCs into mature myelin-expressing oligodendrocytes, and acute blockade of BMPs promotes oligodendrogenesis, oligodendrocyte preservation and remyelination after SCI. Importantly, we report for the first time that BMP4 directly induces caspase-3 mediated apoptosis in neurons and oligodendrocytes in vitro, and noggin and LDN193189 remarkably attenuate caspase-3 activation and lipid peroxidation in acute SCI. BMP4 also enhances the production of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in activated astrocytes in vitro and after SCI. Interestingly, our work reveals that despite the beneficial effects of BMP inhibition in acute SCI, neither noggin nor LDN193189 treatment resulted in long-term functional recovery. Collectively, our findings suggest a role for BMP4 in regulating acute secondary injury mechanisms following SCI, and a potential target for combinatorial approaches to improve endogenous cell response and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hart
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott M Dyck
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Arsalan Alizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pandian Nagakannan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James A Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Oh Y, Ahn CB, Hyung JH, Je JY. Two novel peptides from ark shell protein stimulate osteoblast differentiation and rescue ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Hawula ZJ, Wallace DF, Subramaniam VN, Rishi G. Therapeutic Advances in Regulating the Hepcidin/Ferroportin Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040170. [PMID: 31775259 PMCID: PMC6958404 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between hepcidin and ferroportin is the key mechanism involved in regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. This axis can be affected by multiple stimuli including plasma iron levels, inflammation and erythropoietic demand. Genetic defects or prolonged inflammatory stimuli results in dysregulation of this axis, which can lead to several disorders including hereditary hemochromatosis and anaemia of chronic disease. An imbalance in iron homeostasis is increasingly being associated with worse disease outcomes in many clinical conditions including multiple cancers and neurological disorders. Currently, there are limited treatment options for regulating iron levels in patients and thus significant efforts are being made to uncover approaches to regulate hepcidin and ferroportin expression. These approaches either target these molecules directly or regulatory steps which mediate hepcidin or ferroportin expression. This review examines the current status of hepcidin and ferroportin agonists and antagonists, as well as inducers and inhibitors of these proteins and their regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Hawula
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Wallace
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - V. Nathan Subramaniam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.N.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Gautam Rishi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.N.S.); (G.R.)
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40
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Is NO the Answer? The Nitric Oxide Pathway Can Support Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Mediated Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101273. [PMID: 31635347 PMCID: PMC6830101 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays an important role in bone development and repair. Despite the positive effects of BMP2 in fracture healing, its use is associated with negative side effects and poor cost effectiveness, partly due to the large amounts of BMP2 applied. Therefore, reduction of BMP2 amounts while maintaining efficacy is of clinical importance. As nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a role in bone fracture healing and an association with the BMP2 pathway has been indicated, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of BMP2 and NO pathways and whether NO can enhance BMP2-induced signaling and osteogenic abilities in vitro. To achieve this, the stable BMP reporter cell line C2C12BRELuc was used to quantify BMP signaling, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression were used to quantify osteogenic potency. C2C12BRELuc cells were treated with recombinant BMP2 in combination with NO donors and substrate (Deta NONOate, SNAP & L-Arginine), NOS inhibitor (LNAME), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (LY83583) and activator (YC-1), BMP type-I receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189), or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H89). It was found that the NOS enzyme, direct NO application, and sGC enhanced BMP2 signaling and improved BMP2 induced osteogenic activity. The application of a PKA inhibitor demonstrated that BMP2 signaling is enhanced by the NO pathway via PKA, underlining the capability of BMP2 in activating the NO pathway. Collectively, this study proves the ability of the NO pathway to enhance BMP2 signaling.
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Fedorova V, Vanova T, Elrefae L, Pospisil J, Petrasova M, Kolajova V, Hudacova Z, Baniariova J, Barak M, Peskova L, Barta T, Kaucka M, Killinger M, Vecera J, Bernatik O, Cajanek L, Hribkova H, Bohaciakova D. Differentiation of neural rosettes from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro is sequentially regulated on a molecular level and accomplished by the mechanism reminiscent of secondary neurulation. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Vollaire J, Machuca-Gayet I, Lavaud J, Bellanger A, Bouazza L, El Moghrabi S, Treilleux I, Coll JL, Peyruchaud O, Josserand V, Cohen PA. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Inhibitor LDN-193189 Enhances Metastasis Development in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:667. [PMID: 31275146 PMCID: PMC6593094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer with bone metastasis is essentially incurable with current anticancer therapies. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is an attractive therapeutic candidate, as it is involved in the bone turnover and in cancer cell formation and their colonization of distant organs such as the bone. We previously reported that in breast cancer cells, the ZNF217 oncogene drives BMP pathway activation, increases the metastatic growth rate in the bone, and accelerates the development of severe osteolytic lesions in mice. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the impact of the LDN-193189 compound, a potent inhibitor of the BMP type I receptor, on metastasis development in vivo. ZNF217-revLuc cells were injected into the left ventricle of nude mice (n = 16) while control mice (n = 13) were inoculated with control pcDNA6-revLuc cells. Mice from each group were treated or not with LDN-193189 for 35 days. We found that systemic LDN-193189 treatment of mice significantly enhanced metastasis development, by increasing both the number and the size of metastases. In pcDNA6-revLuc-injected mice, LDN-193189 also affected the kinetics of metastasis emergence. Altogether, these data suggest that in vivo, LDN-193189 might affect the interaction between breast cancer cells and the bone environment, favoring the emergence and development of multiple metastases. Hence, our report highlights the importance of the choice of drugs and therapeutic strategies used in the management of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vollaire
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jonathan Lavaud
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bellanger
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lamia Bouazza
- INSERM UMR1033 LYOS, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale A Cohen
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Type I Receptor Signaling Promotes Remyelination by Potentiating Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0399-18.2019. [PMID: 31028086 PMCID: PMC6529590 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0399-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking inhibitory factors within CNS demyelinating lesions is regarded as a promising strategy to promote remyelination. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is an inhibitory factor present in demyelinating lesions. Noggin, an endogenous antagonist to BMP, has previously been shown to increase the number of oligodendrocytes and promote remyelination in vivo. However, it remains unclear how BMP4 signaling inhibits remyelination. Here we investigated the downstream signaling pathway that mediates the inhibitory effect that BMP4 exerts upon remyelination through pharmacological and transgenic approaches. Using the cuprizone mouse model of central demyelination, we demonstrate that selectively blocking BMP4 signaling via the pharmacological inhibitor LDN-193189 significantly promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and the extent of remyelination in vivo. This was accompanied by the downregulation of transcriptional targets that suppress oligodendrocyte differentiation. Further, selective deletion of BMP receptor type IA (BMPRIA) within primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly enhanced their differentiation and subsequent myelination in vitro. Together, the results of this study identify that BMP4 signals via BMPRIA within OPCs to inhibit oligodendroglial differentiation and their capacity to myelinate axons, and suggest that blocking the BMP4/BMPRIA pathway in OPCs is a promising strategy to promote CNS remyelination.
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Shimizu K, Nakamura T, Bayasula, Nakanishi N, Kasahara Y, Nagai T, Murase T, Osuka S, Goto M, Iwase A, Kikkawa F. Molecular mechanism of FSHR expression induced by BMP15 in human granulosa cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1185-1194. [PMID: 31079267 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression in granulosa cells is critical in enabling follicles to achieve accelerated growth. Although FSHR expression has been reported to be epigenetically regulated, the mechanism is unclear. Cooperation between oocytes and granulosa cells is also essential for normal follicular growth. Among oocyte-derived factors, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) promotes follicular growth and is suggested to have epigenetic effects. We examined the role of BMP15 in the acquirement of FSHR in human granulosa cells. METHODS Immortalized non-luteinized human granulosa (HGrC1) cells were stimulated with trichostatin A (TSA) or BMP15 to analyze FSHR expression, histone modifications, and USF1/2 binding at the FSHR promoter region. Histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity and phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and p38 MAPK were examined with or without BMP15, SB203580, and LDN193189. CYP19A1 expression and estradiol production were also studied. RESULTS TSA and BMP15 induced FSHR mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner and histone modifications were observed with increased binding of USF1/2. BMP15 increased FSHR protein expression, which was suppressed by LDN193189. BMP15 increased phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and significantly increased HAT activity, which was inhibited by LDN193189, but not by SB203580. BMP15 increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and USF1. LDN193189 suppressed BMP15-induced phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK and USF1, whereas SB203580 suppressed the phosphorylation of USF1. BMP15 increased CYP19A1 mRNA expression and estradiol production. CONCLUSION BMP15 induced FSHR expression in human granulosa cells through Smad and non-Smad pathways. This mechanism of FSHR induction by BMP15 may be utilized for controlling follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shimizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Bayasula
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Natsuki Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Kasahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Maternal and Perinatal Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Yahiro Y, Maeda S, Shinohara N, Jokoji G, Sakuma D, Setoguchi T, Ishidou Y, Nagano S, Komiya S, Taniguchi N. PEG10 counteracts signaling pathways of TGF-β and BMP to regulate growth, motility and invasion of SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:441-454. [PMID: 30094509 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported highly active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in human chondrosarcoma samples and concurrent downregulation of paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10). PEG10 expression was suppressed by TGF-β signaling, and PEG10 interfered with the TGF-β and BMP-SMAD pathways in chondrosarcoma cells. However, the roles of PEG10 in bone tumors, including chondrosarcoma, remain unknown. Here, we report that PEG10 promotes SW1353 chondrosarcoma cell growth by preventing TGF-β1-mediated suppression. In contrast, PEG10 knockdown augments the TGF-β1-induced motility of SW1353 cells. Individually, TGF-β1 and PEG10 siRNA increase AKT phosphorylation, whereas an AKT inhibitor, MK2206, mitigates the effect of PEG10 silencing on cell migration. SW1353 cell invasion was enhanced by BMP-6, which was further increased by PEG10 silencing. The effect of siPEG10 was suppressed by inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). BMP-6 induced expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13, and PEG10 lentivirus or PEG10 siRNA downregulated or further upregulated these MMPs, respectively. PEG10 siRNA increased BMP-6-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and AKT, whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and MK2206 diminished SW1353 cell invasion by PEG10 siRNA. SB203580 and MK2206 impeded the enhancing effect of PEG10 siRNA on the BMP-6-induced expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13. Our findings suggest dual functions for PEG10: accelerating cell growth by suppressing TGF-β signaling and inhibiting cell motility and invasion by interfering with TGF-β and BMP signaling via the AKT and p38 pathways, respectively. Thus, PEG10 might be a molecular target for suppressing the aggressive phenotypes of chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Yahiro
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Shinohara
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Go Jokoji
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakuma
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takao Setoguchi
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishidou
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Noboru Taniguchi
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Querques F, D'Agostino A, Cozzolino C, Cozzuto L, Lombardo B, Leggiero E, Ruosi C, Pastore L. Identification of a Novel Transcription Factor Required for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:370-383. [PMID: 30654721 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is a complex and still poorly understood biological process regulated by intrinsic cellular signals and extrinsic microenvironmental cues. Following appropriate stimuli, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts through a tightly regulated multistep process driven by several transcription factors and characterized by the expression of a number of bone-specific proteins. In this study, we describe a novel transcription factor that we named osteoblast inducer (ObI)-1, involved in MSC differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage. ObI-1 encodes for a nuclear protein subjected to proteasomal degradation and expressed during osteoblast differentiation both in a murine multipotent mesenchymal cell line (W20-17) and in primary murine MSCs. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ObI-1 expression significantly impairs osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization with reduced expression of the osteogenic markers, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin. Conversely, ObI-1 overexpression enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone-specific markers expression. ObI-1 stimulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 expression and the consequent activation of the Smad pathway; treatment with a BMP receptor type I antagonist completely abolishes ObI-1-mediated stimulation of osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our findings suggest that ObI-1 modulates osteogenic differentiation, at least in part, through the BMP signaling pathway, increasing Runx2 activation and leading to osteoblast commitment and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Querques
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Agostino
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,3 SEMM-European School for Molecular Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Cozzolino
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- 4 CRG-Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ruosi
- 5 Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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Kuznitsov-Yanovsky L, Mayshar Y, Ben-Yosef D. Modeling FXS: Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and In Vitro Neural Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1942:89-100. [PMID: 30900178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9080-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In fragile X syndrome (FXS) embryos FMRP is widely expressed during early stages of embryogenesis however it is inactivated by the end of the first trimester. In the same manner, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines from FXS blastocysts, bearing the full CGG expansion mutation, express FMRP in their pluripotent stage and in neurons derived following in vitro differentiation, FMR1 is completely silenced. Therefore, in vitro neural differentiation of FX-hESC lines serves as a uniquely valuable model system to study the developmental mechanisms underlying FXS, together with the proper differentiation protocol to mimic the neurodevelopmental process occurs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Kuznitsov-Yanovsky
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit at Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Mayshar
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit at Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit at Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Hepcidin Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040127. [PMID: 30469435 PMCID: PMC6316648 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a key hormonal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and its expression is induced by iron or inflammatory stimuli. Genetic defects in iron signaling to hepcidin lead to “hepcidinopathies” ranging from hereditary hemochromatosis to iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia, which are disorders caused by hepcidin deficiency or excess, respectively. Moreover, dysregulation of hepcidin is a pathogenic cofactor in iron-loading anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis and in anemia of inflammation. Experiments with preclinical animal models provided evidence that restoration of appropriate hepcidin levels can be used for the treatment of these conditions. This fueled the rapidly growing field of hepcidin therapeutics. Several hepcidin agonists and antagonists, as well as inducers and inhibitors of hepcidin expression have been identified to date. Some of them were further developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This review summarizes the state of the art.
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49
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Chronic myeloid leukaemia cells require the bone morphogenic protein pathway for cell cycle progression and self-renewal. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:927. [PMID: 30206237 PMCID: PMC6134087 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukaemic stem cell (LSC) persistence remains a major obstacle to curing chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway is deregulated in CML, with altered expression and response to the BMP ligands shown to impact on LSC expansion and behaviour. In this study, we determined whether alterations in the BMP pathway gene signature had any predictive value for therapeutic response by profiling 60 CML samples at diagnosis from the UK SPIRIT2 trial and correlating the data to treatment response using the 18-month follow-up data. There was significant deregulation of several genes involved in the BMP pathway with ACV1C, INHBA, SMAD7, SNAIL1 and SMURF2 showing differential expression in relation to response. Therapeutic targeting of CML cells using BMP receptor inhibitors, in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), indicate a synergistic mode of action. Furthermore, dual treatment resulted in altered cell cycle gene transcription and irreversible cell cycle arrest, along with increased apoptosis compared to single agents. Targeting CML CD34+ cells with BMP receptor inhibitors resulted in fewer cell divisions, reduced numbers of CD34+ cells and colony formation when compared to normal donor CD34+ cells, both in the presence and absence of BMP4. In an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model generated from CD34+ hematopoietic cells, we demonstrate altered cell cycle profiles and dynamics of ALK expression in CML-iPSCs in the presence and absence of BMP4 stimulation, when compared to normal iPSC. Moreover, dual targeting with TKI and BMP inhibitor prevented the self-renewal of CML-iPSC and increased meso-endodermal differentiation. These findings indicate that transformed stem cells may be more reliant on BMP signalling than normal stem cells. These changes offer a therapeutic window in CML, with intervention using BMP inhibitors in combination with TKI having the potential to target LSC self-renewal and improve long-term outcome for patients.
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50
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Zhang XY, Chang HM, Taylor EL, Liu RZ, Leung PCK. BMP6 Downregulates GDNF Expression Through SMAD1/5 and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2926-2938. [PMID: 29750278 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6 is a critical regulator of follicular development that is expressed in mammalian oocytes and granulosa cells. Glial cell line‒derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an intraovarian neurotrophic factor that plays an essential role in regulating mammalian oocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP6 on the regulation of GDNF expression and the potential underlying mechanisms. We used an established immortalized human granulosa cell line (SVOG cells) and primary human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells as in vitro cell models. Our results showed that BMP6 significantly downregulated the expression of GDNF in both SVOG and primary hGL cells. With dual inhibition approaches (kinase receptor inhibitor and small interfering RNA knockdown), our results showed that both activin receptor kinase-like (ALK) 2 and ALK3 are involved in BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF. In addition, BMP6 induced the phosphorylation of Sma- and Mad-related protein (SMAD)1/5/8 and ERK1/2 but not AKT or p38. Among three downstream mediators, both SMAD1 and SMAD5 are involved in BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF. Moreover, concomitant knockdown of endogenous SMAD4 and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity completely reversed BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF, indicating that both SMAD and ERK1/2 signaling pathways are required for the regulatory effect of BMP6 on GDNF expression. Our findings suggest an additional role for an intrafollicular growth factor in regulating follicular function through paracrine interactions in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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