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Ho PC, Hsieh TC, Tsai KJ. TDP-43 proteinopathy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: From pathomechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102441. [PMID: 39069095 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Proteostasis failure is a common pathological characteristic in neurodegenerative diseases. Revitalizing clearance systems could effectively mitigate these diseases. The transactivation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) plays a critical role as an RNA/DNA-binding protein in RNA metabolism and synaptic function. Accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates in the central nervous system is a hallmark of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy, a major and highly conserved degradation pathway, holds the potential for degrading aggregated TDP-43 and alleviating FTLD/ALS. This review explores the causes of TDP-43 aggregation, FTLD/ALS-related genes, key autophagy factors, and autophagy-based therapeutic strategies targeting TDP-43 proteinopathy. Understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms of TDP-43 proteinopathy can facilitate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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2
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Yu Z, Fan X, Zhao X, He T, Li X, Du H, Zhao M, Zhu R, Li M, Zhang Z, Han F. Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induce Lipid Metabolism Disorder by Activating the PERK-ATF4 Signaling Pathway in Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34524-34537. [PMID: 38926154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) and their effects on human health has gained significant attention. The impacts of NPs on lipid metabolism and the specific mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. To address this, we utilized high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology techniques to investigate how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might affect hepatic lipid metabolism in the presence of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs). Our findings suggest that PS-NPs activate the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway, which in turn upregulates the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis via the ATF4-PPARγ/SREBP-1 pathway. This activation leads to an abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. 4-PBA, a known ER stress inhibitor, was found to mitigate the PS-NPs-induced lipid metabolism disorder. These results demonstrate the hepatotoxic effects of PS-NPs and clarify the mechanisms of abnormal lipid metabolism induced by PS-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianyue He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengcong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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3
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Jiang G, Li J, Niu S, Dong R, Chen Y, Bi W. LY86 facilitates ox-LDL-induced lipid accumulation in macrophages by upregulating SREBP2/HMGCR expression. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:289. [PMID: 38822281 PMCID: PMC11140969 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
LY86, also known as MD1, has been implicated in various pathophysiological processes including inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, and immunoregulation. However, the role of LY86 in cholesterol metabolism remains incompletely understood. Several studies have reported significant up-regulation of LY86 mRNA in atherosclerosis; nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism by which LY86 is involved in this disease remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether LY86 affects ox-LDL-induced lipid accumulation in macrophages. Firstly, we confirmed that LY86 is indeed involved in the process of atherosclerosis and found high expression levels of LY86 in human atherosclerotic plaque tissue. Furthermore, our findings suggest that LY86 may mediate intracellular lipid accumulation induced by ox-LDL through the SREBP2/HMGCR pathway. This mechanism could be associated with increased cholesterol synthesis resulting from enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jikuan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ruoyu Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yuyan Chen
- The Second Department of rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Xiang X, Ouyang X, Liu L, Li T. 4-phenylbutyric acid improves sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism via Comt/Ptgs2/Ppara. Metabolomics 2024; 20:46. [PMID: 38641695 PMCID: PMC11031492 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac dysfunction after sepsis the most common and severe sepsis-related organ failure. The severity of cardiac damage in sepsis patients was positively associated to mortality. It is important to look for drugs targeting sepsis-induced cardiac damage. Our previous studies found that 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) was beneficial to septic shock by improving cardiovascular function and survival, while the specific mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the specific mechanism and PBA for protecting cardiac function in sepsis. METHODS The cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic shock models were used to observe the therapeutic effects of PBA on myocardial contractility and the serum levels of cardiac troponin-T. The mechanisms of PBA against sepsis were explored by metabolomics and network pharmacology. RESULTS The results showed that PBA alleviated the sepsis-induced cardiac damage. The metabolomics results showed that there were 28 metabolites involving in the therapeutic effects of PBA against sepsis. According to network pharmacology, 11 hub genes were found that were involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid transport following PBA treatment. The further integrated analysis focused on 7 key targets, including Comt, Slc6a4, Maoa, Ppara, Pparg, Ptgs2 and Trpv1, as well as their core metabolites and pathways. In an in vitro assay, PBA effectively inhibited sepsis-induced reductions in Comt, Ptgs2 and Ppara after sepsis. CONCLUSIONS PBA protects sepsis-induced cardiac injury by targeting Comt/Ptgs2/Ppara, which regulates amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. The study reveals the complicated mechanisms of PBA against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingnan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang R, Li M, Wu Z, Gong W, Zhang M, Liu Y, Yao Y, Ji Y. PBA alleviates cadmium-induced mouse spermatogonia apoptosis by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105784. [PMID: 38242296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates Cd-caused germ cell apoptosis in testis. The effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a classical chaperone, were investigated on Cd-induced apoptosis in mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells. METHODS The cells were pretreated with PBA before Cd exposure. TUNEL and flow cytometry assays were applied to determine apoptosis. Some key biomarkers of ER stress were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS as expected, the apoptotic cells exposed to Cd apparently increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and ATF6α, were elevated in the Cd groups. Additional experiments displayed that Cd notably increased IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, and upregulated XBP-1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, p-eIF2α and CHOP expressions were clearly elevated in the Cd groups. Interestingly, PBA almost completely inhibited ER stress and protected spermatogonia against apoptosis induced by Cd. CONCLUSION PBA alleviated Cd-induced ER stress and spermatogonia apoptosis, and may have the therapeutic role in Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Gong
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehao Liu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Yuyou Yao
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China.
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China.
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Kazaoka A, Fujimori S, Yamada Y, Shirayanagi T, Gao Y, Kuwahara S, Sakamoto N, Susukida T, Aoki S, Ito K. HLA-B*57:01-dependent intracellular stress in keratinocytes triggers dermal hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae140. [PMID: 38628599 PMCID: PMC11018537 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms combined with certain drug administration strongly correlate with skin eruption. Abacavir hypersensitivity (AHS), which is strongly associated with HLA-B*57:01, is one of the most representative examples. Conventionally, HLA transmits immunological signals via interactions with T cell receptors on the cell surface. This study focused on HLA-mediated intracellular reactions in keratinocytes that might determine the onset of skin immunotoxicity by drug treatments. Abacavir exposure resulted in keratinocytes expressing HLA-B*57:01 exhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses, such as immediate calcium release into the cytosol and enhanced HSP70 expression. In contrast, keratinocytes expressing HLA-B*57:03 (closely related to HLA-B*57:01) did not show these changes. This indicated that HLA-B*57:01 has a specific intracellular response to abacavir in keratinocytes in the absence of lymphocytes. Furthermore, abacavir exposure in HLA-B*57:01-expressing keratinocytes elevated the expression of cytokines/chemokines such as interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, and CCL27, and induced T lymphoblast migration. These effects were suppressed by ER stress relief using 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PB). HLA-B*57:01-transgenic mice also exhibited ER stress in epidermal areas following abacavir administration, and abacavir-induced skin toxicity was attenuated by the administration of 4-PB. Moreover, abacavir bound to HLA-B*57:01 within cells and its exposure led to HLA-B*57:01 protein aggregation and interaction with molecular chaperones in the ER of keratinocytes. Our results underscore the importance of HLA-mediated intracellular stress responses in understanding the onset of HLA-B*57:01-mediated AHS. We provide the possibility that the intracellular behavior of HLA is crucial for determining the onset of drug eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kazaoka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Sota Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shirayanagi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuying Gao
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Saki Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takeshi Susukida
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Immunology, Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Lei Y, Yu H, Ding S, Liu H, Liu C, Fu R. Molecular mechanism of ATF6 in unfolded protein response and its role in disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25937. [PMID: 38434326 PMCID: PMC10907738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), an important signaling molecule in unfolded protein response (UPR), plays a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diseases such as congenital retinal disease, liver fibrosis and ankylosing spondylitis. After endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), ATF6 is activated after separation from binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus to be hydrolyzed by site 1 and site 2 proteases into ATF6 fragments, which localize to the nucleus and regulate the transcription and expression of ERS-related genes. In these diseases, ERS leads to the activation of UPR, which ultimately lead to the occurrence and development of diseases by regulating the physiological state of cells through the ATF6 signaling pathway. Here, we discuss the evidence for the pathogenic importance of ATF6 signaling in different diseases and discuss preclinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaoxue Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Jinyi L, Keyu Y, Shanshan D, Shuyang H, Ruirui L, Qingyu G, Fei L. ERS Mediated by GRP-78/PERK/CHOP Signaling Is Involved in Fluoride-Induced Ameloblast Apoptosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1103-1114. [PMID: 37410266 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride can be widely ingested from the environment, and its excessive intake could result in adverse effects. Dental fluorosis is an early sign of fluoride toxicity which can cause esthetic and functional problems. Though apoptosis in ameloblasts is one of the potential mechanisms, the specific signal cascade is in-conclusive. High-throughput sequencing and molecular biological techniques were used in this study to explore the underlying pathogenesis of dental fluorosis, for its prevention and treatment. A fluorosis cell model was established. Viability and apoptosis rate of mouse ameloblast-derived cell line (LS8 cells) was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry analysis. Cells were harvested with or without 2-mM sodium fluoride (NaF) stimulation for high-throughput sequencing. Based on the sequencing data, subcellular structures, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and apoptosis related biomarkers were verified using transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting techniques. Expression of ERS markers, apoptosis related proteins, and enamel formation enzymes were detected using Western blotting after addition of 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). NaF-inhibited LS8 cells displayed time- and dose- dependent viability. Additionally, apoptosis and morphological changes were observed. RNA-sequencing data showed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum was obviously affected. ERS and apoptosis were induced by excessive NaF. Downregulation of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) was also observed. Inhibition of ERS by 4-PBA rescued the apoptotic and functional protein changes in cells. Excessive fluoride induces apoptosis by activating ERS, which is mediated by GRP-78/PERK/CHOP signaling. Key proteinase is present in maturation-stage enamel; KLK4 was also affected by fluoride, but rescued by 4-PBA. This study presents a possibility for therapeutic strategies for dental fluorosis, while further exploration is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jinyi
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No.98, Xi'an 710004, 710041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Keyu
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Shanshan
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No.98, Xi'an 710004, 710041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Shuyang
- Faculty of dentistry, The university of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Ruirui
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Qingyu
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No.98, Xi'an 710004, 710041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Fei
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No.98, Xi'an 710004, 710041, People's Republic of China.
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Dinulescu A, Păsărică AS, Carp M, Dușcă A, Dijmărescu I, Pavelescu ML, Păcurar D, Ulici A. New Perspectives of Therapies in Osteogenesis Imperfecta-A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1065. [PMID: 38398378 PMCID: PMC10888533 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized as a heterogeneous disorder group with well-defined phenotypic and genetic features that share uncommon bone fragility. The current treatment options, medical and orthopedic, are limited and not efficient enough to improve the low bone density, bone fragility, growth, and mobility of the affected individuals, creating the need for alternative therapeutic agents. (2) Methods: We searched the medical database to find papers regarding treatments for OI other than conventional ones. We included 45 publications. (3) Results: In reviewing the literature, eight new potential therapies for OI were identified, proving promising results in cells and animal models or in human practice, but further research is still needed. Bone marrow transplantation is a promising therapy in mice, adults, and children, decreasing the fracture rate with a beneficial effect on structural bone proprieties. Anti-RANKL antibodies generated controversial results related to the therapy schedule, from no change in the fracture rate to improvement in the bone mineral density resorption markers and bone formation, but with adverse effects related to hypercalcemia. Sclerostin inhibitors in murine models demonstrated an increase in the bone formation rate and trabecular cortical bone mass, and a few human studies showed an increase in biomarkers and BMD and the downregulation of resorption markers. Recombinant human parathormone and TGF-β generated good results in human studies by increasing BMD, depending on the type of OI. Gene therapy, 4-phenylbutiric acid, and inhibition of eIF2α phosphatase enzymes have only been studied in cell cultures and animal models, with promising results. (4) Conclusions: This paper focuses on eight potential therapies for OI, but there is not yet enough data for a new, generally accepted treatment. Most of them showed promising results, but further research is needed, especially in the pediatric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Dinulescu
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru-Sorin Păsărică
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Carp
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andrei Dușcă
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Irina Dijmărescu
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Luminița Pavelescu
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Păcurar
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Ulici
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (I.D.); (M.L.P.); (A.U.)
- Departament of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Emergency Hospital for Children ‘’Grigore Alexandrescu’’, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
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10
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Du H, Li J, Wei X, Yang D, Zhang B, Fan X, Zhao M, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Gu N. Methylparaben induces hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder by activating the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway in male mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108445. [PMID: 38262168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Methylparaben (MP), a preservative widely used in daily supplies, exists in both the environment and the human body. However, the potential health risks posed by MP remain unclear. This study aimed to unravel the mechanisms by which MP disrupts glucose and lipid homeostasis. For this, we administered MP to mice and observed changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. MP exposure led to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, visceral organ injury, and hepatic lipid accumulation. RNA sequencing results from mice livers indicated a close association between MP exposure and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammatory response, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that MP activated ER stress, particularly the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway, which further promoted the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The activation of these pathways phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) (ser 307), resulting in decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) (ser 473), leading to insulin resistance. Additionally, MP exposure promoted lipogenesis through ER stress. To explore potential remedies, we administered the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway inhibitor toyocamycin to mice, both of which protected against metabolic disorders and organ injury caused by MP. These findings suggest that MP induces disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism through ER stress, primarily through the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Fu H, Gao L, Guan Y, Gu W, Sun J, Chen X, Yang F, Lai E, Wang J, Jin Y, Kou Z, Qiu X, Mao J, Hu L. Dent disease 1-linked novel CLCN5 mutations result in aberrant location and reduced ion currents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128564. [PMID: 38061527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Dent disease is a rare renal tubular disease with X-linked recessive inheritance characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP), hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis. Mutations disrupting the 2Cl-/1H+ exchange activity of chloride voltage-gated channel 5 (CLCN5) have been causally linked to the most common form, Dent disease 1 (DD1), although the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted the whole exome capture sequencing and bioinformatics analysis within our DD1 cohort to identify two novel causal mutations in CLCN5 (c.749 G > A, p. G250D, c.829 A > C, p. T277P). Molecular dynamics simulations of ClC-5 homology model suggested that these mutations potentially may induce structural changes, destabilizing ClC-5. Overexpression of variants in vitro revealed aberrant subcellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), significant accumulation of insoluble aggregates, and disrupted ion transport function in voltage clamp recordings. Moreover, human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells overexpressing either G250D or T277P displayed higher cell-substrate adhesion, migration capability but reduced endocytic function, as well as substantially altered transcriptomic profiles with G250D resulting in stronger deleterious effects. These cumulative findings supported pathogenic role of these ClC-5 mutations in DD1 and suggested a cellular mechanism for disrupted renal function in Dent disease patients, as well as a potential target for diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Biophysics, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingmiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - EnYin Lai
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Kou
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Liu S, Tian Y, Liu C, Gui Z, Yu T, Zhang L. TNFRSF19 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced paraptosis via the activation of the MAPK pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:217-227. [PMID: 37990061 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
TNFRSF19 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and its function exhibits variability among different types of cancers. The influence of TNFRSF19 on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has yet to be definitively established. In this study, bioinformatics analyses revealed that lower TNFRSF19 was associated with the poorer prognosis, higher lymph node metastasis and lower immune infiltration. Subsequently, data obtained from the TCGA database and collection of tissue samples revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNFRSF19 were observed to be significantly reduced in TNBC tissue compared to normal tissue. Additionally, the results of in vitro experiments have demonstrated that TNFRSF19 possessed the ability to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasive capabilities of TNBC cells. In vivo trials elucidated that TNFRSF19 could suppress tumor xenografts growth. Mechanistically, TNFRSF19 initiated caspase-independent cell death and induced paraptosis. Moreover, rescue assays demonstrated that TNFRSF19 induced-paraptosis was facilitated by MAPK pathway-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the upregulation of TNFRSF19 functioned as a tumor suppressor in TNBC by stimulating paraptosis through the activation of the MAPK pathway-mediated ER stress, highlighting its potential to be a new therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Zhengwei Gui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Tianyao Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
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13
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Wang J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Li L, Wang J, Su S, Zhang Y, Song L, Zhou K. Gypenoside XVII attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176187. [PMID: 37984729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), for which there is currently no effective treatment. Recently, the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pyroptosis during AKI has been investigated. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Gypenoside XVII (GP-17) against I/R-induced renal injury. METHODS In this study, mice were divided into 6 groups, sham group, I/R group, GP-17 low-, medium-, high-dose group, and positive control 4-PBA group. The renal I/R was performed in mice by clamping the bilateral renal pedicles for 40 min, and then reperfusing for 24 h. Blood and kidney samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS The results showed that GP-17 improved renal function and alleviated renal histopathological abnormalities caused by I/R. In addition, GP-17 pretreatment significantly decreased the expression or phosphorylation of ER stress response proteins including BIP, p-PERK, and CHOP. Besides, GP-17 inhibited the expression of pyroptosis proteins including caspase-1, GSDMD, and apoptotic protein BAX. The inflammatory factor IL-1β in these GP-17 pretreatment groups was also significantly reduced. CONCLUSION GP-17 blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting ERS, thereby inhibiting renal tubular cell pyroptosis and apoptosis, and prevented renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shijia Su
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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14
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Iqbal M, Lewis SL, Padhye S, Jinwal UK. Updates on Aβ Processing by Hsp90, BRICHOS, and Newly Reported Distinctive Chaperones. Biomolecules 2023; 14:16. [PMID: 38254616 PMCID: PMC10812967 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an extremely devastating neurodegenerative disease, and there is no cure for it. AD is specified as the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and abnormalities in hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Current approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease have had some success in slowing down the disease's progression. However, attempts to find a cure have been largely unsuccessful, most likely due to the complexity associated with AD pathogenesis. Hence, a shift in focus to better understand the molecular mechanism of Aβ processing and to consider alternative options such as chaperone proteins seems promising. Chaperone proteins act as molecular caretakers to facilitate cellular homeostasis under standard conditions. Chaperone proteins like heat shock proteins (Hsps) serve a pivotal role in correctly folding amyloid peptides, inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction, and peptide aggregation. For instance, Hsp90 plays a significant role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through its protein folding mechanisms. In this review, we analyze the most recent studies from 2020 to 2023 and provide updates on Aβ regulation by Hsp90, BRICHOS domain chaperone, and distinctive newly reported chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Umesh Kumar Jinwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF-Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.I.)
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15
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Doğanyiğit Z, Okan A, Akyüz E, Yılmaz S, Ateş Ş, Taheri S, Yılmaz Z, Shaikh MF. Can endoplasmic reticulum stress observed in the PTZ-kindling model seizures be prevented with TUDCA and 4-PBA? Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176072. [PMID: 37852571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease with recurrent seizures. Increasing evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. We aimed to investigate the effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-phenyl-butyric acid (4-PBA), which are known to suppress ER stress, on developed seizures in terms of markers of ER stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model was induced in Wistar albino rats (n = 48) by administering 35 mg/kg PTZ intraperitoneally (I.P.) every other day for 1 month. TUDCA and 4-PBA were administered via I.P. at a dose of 500 mg/kg dose. ER stress, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were determined in the hippocampus tissues of animals in all groups. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western Blot analyzes were performed to determine the efficacy of treatments. Expressions of ATF4, ATF6, p-JNK1/2, Cleaved-Kaspase3, and Caspase12 significantly increased in PTZ-kindled seizures compared to the control group. Increased NOX2 and MDA activity in the seizures were measured. In addition, stereology analyzes showed an increased neuronal loss in the PTZ-kindled group. qRT-PCR examination showed relative mRNA levels of CHOP. Accordingly, TUDCA and 4-PBA treatment suppressed the expressions of ATF4, ATF6, Cleaved-Caspase3, Kaspase12, NOX2, MDA, and CHOP in TUDCA + PTZ and 4-PBA + PTZ groups. ER stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by reducing neuronal loss and degeneration were also preserved in these groups. Our data show molecularly that TUDCA and 4-PBA treatment can suppress the ER stress process in epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Doğanyiğit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey.
| | - Aslı Okan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey
| | - Enes Akyüz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of International Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, 34468, Turkey
| | - Seher Yılmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Ateş
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38030, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38030, Turkey
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
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16
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Huang A, Ni Q, Zeng C. Phenylbutyrate and Dichloroacetate Enhance the Liquid-Stored Boar Sperm Quality via PDK1 and PDK3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17091. [PMID: 38069413 PMCID: PMC10707026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-stored semen is the most prevalent and efficient assisted reproduction technique in the modern pork industry. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X (PDHX) was demonstrated to be associated with sperm metabolism and affected the boar sperm viability, motility, and fertility. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs) are the key metabolic enzymes that regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity and also the conversion from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, two PDK inhibitors, Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), were added to an extender and investigated to determine their regulatory roles in liquid-stored boar sperm at 17 °C. The results indicated that PDK1 and PDK3 were predominantly located at the head and flagella of the boar sperm. The addition of 2 mM DCA and 0.5 mM 4-PBA significantly enhanced the sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content. In addition, DCA and 4-PBA exerted their effects by inhibiting PDK1 and PDK3, respectively. In conclusion, DCA and 4-PBA were found to regulate the boar sperm metabolic activities via PDK1 and PDK3. These both can improve the quality parameters of liquid-stored boar sperm, which will help to improve and optimize liquid-stored boar semen after their addition in the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Qingyong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
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17
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Xin B, Wang Q, Wang X, Li F, Bai M, Fu H, Yan Z, Zhu Y, Huang X. Reduction of excessive unfolded protein response by 4-phenylbutyric acid may mitigate procymidone-induced testicular damage in mice by changing the levels of circRNA Scar and circZc3h4. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105689. [PMID: 38072544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Procymidone (PCM) exposure below the no-observed-effect level triggers changes in circRNA Scar and circZc3h4 and overactivation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in mice, culminating in testicular injury. The 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) is known to stabilize proteins and reduce the UPR. This study employed an in vitro system in which mouse testes were cultured with 1 × 10-5 M PCM and varying concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM) of 4-PBA; 4-week-old male mice were subsequently treated with 100 mg/kg/d PCM (suspended in corn oil) and/or 100 mg/kg/d 4-PBA for 21 d, consecutively. The treatments were as follows: the negative control (NC) group was orally administered corn oil; the positive control (PC) group was orally administered PCM; the 4-PBA group was intraperitoneally injected with 4-PBA; the 4-PBA-I group was orally administered PCM and 4-PBA simultaneously; the 4-PBA-II group received daily administration of 4-PBA 24 h prior to PCM; and the 4-PBA-III group was intraperitoneally injected with 4-PBA for 7 d after 21 d of PCM administration. However, the 4-PBA intervention groups showed no considerable changes in the overall or testicular appearance of mice. In vitro, 4-PBA inhibited the PCM-induced testicular injury, with the most significant effect observed at 80 mM. In vivo, the 4-PBA-III group exhibited the best in vivo effects. Our findings indicate that 4-PBA conferred testicular protection by decreasing PCM-induced circRNA Scar, elevating circZc3h4, and suppressing UPR both in vitro and in vivo. It has been hypothesized that 4-PBA mitigates testicular damage by reducing excessive UPR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xuning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Mingxin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Gourgas O, Lemire G, Eaton AJ, Alshahrani S, Duker AL, Li J, Carroll RS, Mackenzie S, Nikkel SM, Bober MB, Boycott KM, Murshed M. Specific heterozygous variants in MGP lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cause spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7054. [PMID: 37923733 PMCID: PMC10624854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K-dependent post-translationally modified protein, highly expressed in vascular and cartilaginous tissues. It is a potent inhibitor of extracellular matrix mineralization. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the MGP gene cause Keutel syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by widespread calcification of various cartilaginous tissues and skeletal and vascular anomalies. In this study, we report four individuals from two unrelated families with two heterozygous variants in MGP, both altering the cysteine 19 residue to phenylalanine or tyrosine. These individuals present with a spondyloepiphyseal skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature with a short trunk, diffuse platyspondyly, midface retrusion, progressive epiphyseal anomalies and brachytelephalangism. We investigated the cellular and molecular effects of one of the heterozygous deleterious variants (C19F) using both cell and genetically modified mouse models. Heterozygous 'knock-in' mice expressing C19F MGP recapitulate most of the skeletal anomalies observed in the affected individuals. Our results suggest that the main underlying mechanism leading to the observed skeletal dysplasia is endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis of the growth plate chondrocytes. Overall, our findings support that heterozygous variants in MGP altering the Cys19 residue cause autosomal dominant spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, a condition distinct from Keutel syndrome both clinically and molecularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gourgas
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alison J Eaton
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sultanah Alshahrani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Li R, Li F, Wang X, Bai M, Fu H, Yan Z, Yang X, Zhu Y. 4-Phenylbutyric acid may prevent mouse ovarian and uterine damage due to procymidone-induced alteration of circRNA Scar and circZc3h4 levels by controlling excessive unfolded protein response. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105631. [PMID: 37945263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Procymidone (PCM) below the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) has previously been proven to induce ovarian and uterine damage in adolescent mice due to its raised circRNA Scar, decreased circZc3h4, and overactivated unfolded protein response (UPR). Also, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) inhibits histone deacetylase and endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduces UPR, improves metabolism, and ensures homeostasis within the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, 20, 40 and 80 mM of 4-PBA were utilized respectively to intervene the damage caused by 1.0 × 10-5 M PCM to ovaries and uterus in vitro culture. Besides, 100 mg/kg /d 4-PBA was intraperitoneally injected to female adolescent mice before, during and after oral administration of 100 mg/kg /d PCM for prevention and cure to observe tissue changes in the ovaries and uteri, and levels of circRNA Scar, circZc3h4 and UPR members. Our findings demonstrated that in vitro experiments, all doses of 4-PBA could inhibit ovarian and uterine damage caused by PCM, and the effect of 80 mM was especially noticeable. In the in vivo experiments, the best results were obtained when PCM was given with simultaneous 4-PBA intervention, i.e., minimal ovarian and uterine damage. Both in vivo and in vitro, 4-PBA in the ovary and uterus resulted in decreased circRNA Scar levels, increased circZc3h4 abundance, and moderately elevated levels of UPR members. So, it is suggested that 4-PBA moderately activates UPR, partially or completely antagonizing the elevated circRNA Scar and decreased circZc3h4 and consequently preventing PCM-induced ovarian and uterine damage effectively in adolescent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; College of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xuning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mingxin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical school, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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20
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Tokarz VL, Mylvaganam S, Klip A. Palmitate-induced insulin resistance causes actin filament stiffness and GLUT4 mis-sorting without altered Akt signalling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261300. [PMID: 37815440 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, a major contributor to type 2 diabetes, is linked to the consumption of saturated fats. This insulin resistance arises from failure of insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4; also known as SLC2A4) to the plasma membrane to facilitate glucose uptake into muscle. The mechanisms of defective GLUT4 translocation are poorly understood, limiting development of insulin-sensitizing therapies targeting muscle glucose uptake. Although many studies have identified early insulin signalling defects and suggest that they are responsible for insulin resistance, their cause-effect has been debated. Here, we find that the saturated fat palmitate (PA) causes insulin resistance owing to failure of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes without impairing signalling to Akt2 or AS160 (also known as TBC1D4). Instead, PA altered two basal-state events: (1) the intracellular localization of GLUT4 and its sorting towards a perinuclear storage compartment, and (2) actin filament stiffness, which prevents Rac1-dependent actin remodelling. These defects were triggered by distinct mechanisms, respectively protein palmitoylation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings highlight that saturated fats elicit muscle cell-autonomous dysregulation of the basal-state machinery required for GLUT4 translocation, which 'primes' cells for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tokarz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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21
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Maragakis NJ, de Carvalho M, Weiss MD. Therapeutic targeting of ALS pathways: Refocusing an incomplete picture. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1948-1971. [PMID: 37641443 PMCID: PMC10647018 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous potential amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-relevant pathways have been hypothesized and studied preclinically, with subsequent translation to clinical trial. However, few successes have been observed with only modest effects. Along with an improved but incomplete understanding of ALS as a neurodegenerative disease is the evolution of more sophisticated and diverse in vitro and in vivo preclinical modeling platforms, as well as clinical trial designs. We highlight proposed pathological pathways that have been major therapeutic targets for investigational compounds. It is likely that the failures of so many of these therapeutic compounds may not have occurred because of lack of efficacy but rather because of a lack of preclinical modeling that would help define an appropriate disease pathway, as well as a failure to establish target engagement. These challenges are compounded by shortcomings in clinical trial design, including lack of biomarkers that could predict clinical success and studies that are underpowered. Although research investments have provided abundant insights into new ALS-relevant pathways, most have not yet been developed more fully to result in clinical study. In this review, we detail some of the important, well-established pathways, the therapeutics targeting them, and the subsequent clinical design. With an understanding of some of the shortcomings in translational efforts over the last three decades of ALS investigation, we propose that scientists and clinicians may choose to revisit some of these therapeutic pathways reviewed here with an eye toward improving preclinical modeling, biomarker development, and the investment in more sophisticated clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Faculdade de MedicinaInsqatituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Michael D. Weiss
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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22
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Delmotte P, Yap JQ, Dasgupta D, Sieck GC. Chemical Chaperone 4-PBA Mitigates Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Airway Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15816. [PMID: 37958799 PMCID: PMC10649207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) underlie the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases, including asthma. Previously, we showed that TNFα activates the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/X-box binding protein 1 spliced (XBP1s) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells. The ER stress pathway is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Accordingly, chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) may reduce ER stress activation. In the present study, we hypothesized that chemical chaperone 4-PBA mitigates TNFα-induced ER stress in hASM cells. hASM cells were isolated from bronchiolar tissue obtained from five patients with no history of smoking or respiratory diseases. The hASM cells' phenotype was confirmed via the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and elongated morphology. hASM cells from the same patient sample were then separated into three 12 h treatment groups: (1) TNFα (20 ng/mL), (2) TNFα + 4-PBA (1 μM, 30 min pretreatment), and (3) untreated control. The expressions of total IRE1α and phosphorylated IRE1α (pIRE1αS724) were determined through Western blotting. The splicing of XBP1 mRNA was analyzed using RT-PCR. We found that TNFα induced an increase in pIRE1αS724 phosphorylation, which was mitigated by treatment with chemical chaperone 4-PBA. We also found that TNFα induced an increase in XBP1s mRNA, which was also mitigated by treatment with chemical chaperone 4-PBA. These results support our hypothesis and indicate that chemical chaperone 4-PBA treatment mitigates TNFα-induced ER stress in hASM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary C. Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.D.); (J.Q.Y.); (D.D.)
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23
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of peroxiredoxins in aged hearts. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111859. [PMID: 37661065 PMCID: PMC11103240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cardiovascular disease is influenced by multiple factors, with oxidative stress being a key contributor. Aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exacerbates oxidative stress by impairing mitochondrial function. Furthermore, a decline in antioxidants, including peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), augments the oxidative stress during aging. To explore if ER stress leads to PRDX degradation during aging, young adult (3 mo.) and aged (24 mo.) male mice were studied. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to alleviate ER stress in young adult and aged mice. Aged hearts showed elevated oxidative stress levels compared to young hearts. However, treatment with 4-PBA to attenuate ER stress reduced oxidative stress in aged hearts, indicating that ER stress contributes to increased oxidative stress in aging. Moreover, aging resulted in reduced levels of peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) in mitochondria and peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) in myocardium. While 4-PBA treatment improved PRDX3 content in aged hearts, it did not restore PRDX4 content in aged mice. These findings suggest that ER stress not only leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant stress but also impairs a vital antioxidant defense through decreased PRDX3 content. Additionally, the results suggest that PRDX4 may contribute an upstream role in inducing ER stress during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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24
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Lyons EL, Watson D, Alodadi MS, Haugabook SJ, Tawa GJ, Hannah-Shmouni F, Porter FD, Collins JR, Ottinger EA, Mudunuri US. Rare disease variant curation from literature: assessing gaps with creatine transport deficiency in focus. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:460. [PMID: 37587458 PMCID: PMC10433598 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 4-8% of the world suffers from a rare disease. Rare diseases are often difficult to diagnose, and many do not have approved therapies. Genetic sequencing has the potential to shorten the current diagnostic process, increase mechanistic understanding, and facilitate research on therapeutic approaches but is limited by the difficulty of novel variant pathogenicity interpretation and the communication of known causative variants. It is unknown how many published rare disease variants are currently accessible in the public domain. RESULTS This study investigated the translation of knowledge of variants reported in published manuscripts to publicly accessible variant databases. Variants, symptoms, biochemical assay results, and protein function from literature on the SLC6A8 gene associated with X-linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency (CTD) were curated and reported as a highly annotated dataset of variants with clinical context and functional details. Variants were harmonized, their availability in existing variant databases was analyzed and pathogenicity assignments were compared with impact algorithm predictions. 24% of the pathogenic variants found in PubMed articles were not captured in any database used in this analysis while only 65% of the published variants received an accurate pathogenicity prediction from at least one impact prediction algorithm. CONCLUSIONS Despite being published in the literature, pathogenicity data on patient variants may remain inaccessible for genetic diagnosis, therapeutic target identification, mechanistic understanding, or hypothesis generation. Clinical and functional details presented in the literature are important to make pathogenicity assessments. Impact predictions remain imperfect but are improving, especially for single nucleotide exonic variants, however such predictions are less accurate or unavailable for intronic and multi-nucleotide variants. Developing text mining workflows that use natural language processing for identifying diseases, genes and variants, along with impact prediction algorithms and integrating with details on clinical phenotypes and functional assessments might be a promising approach to scale literature mining of variants and assigning correct pathogenicity. The curated variants list created by this effort includes context details to improve any such efforts on variant curation for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Lyons
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Watson
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Mohammad S Alodadi
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sharie J Haugabook
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gregory J Tawa
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jack R Collins
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ottinger
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Uma S Mudunuri
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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25
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Ma S, Liu Y, Zhao C, Chu P, Yin S, Wang T. Copper induced intestinal inflammation response through oxidative stress induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in Takifugu fasciatus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106634. [PMID: 37453186 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution in aquaculture water has seriously threatened the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Recently, many researchers have studied the toxic effects of Cu exposure on fish. However, the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the inflammatory response, as well as its possible mechanisms, remain unclear. Particularly, information related to fish intestines must be expanded. Our study initially investigated the mechanisms underlying intestinal toxicity and inflammation resulting from Cu-induced ERS in vivo and in vitro in Takifugu fasciatus. In vivo study, T. fasciatus were treated with different concentrations (control, 20, and 100 µg/L) of Cu exposure for 28 days, causing intestinal oxidative stress, ERS, inflammatory responses, and histopathological and ultrastructural damage. Transcriptomic data further showed that Cu exposure caused ERS, as well as inflammatory responses, in the intestinal tracts of T. fasciatus. In vitro experiments on the intestinal cells of T. fasciatus showed that Cu exposure treatment (7.5 µg/mL) for 24 h induced ERS and increased mitochondrial numbers and inflammatory responses. In contrast, the addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated ERS and inflammatory response in the Cu-exposed group. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), effectively alleviated Cu-induced ERS. In conclusion, our in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed that oxidative stress triggers the ERS pathway, which is involved in the intestinal inflammatory response. Our study provides new insights into the relationship among Cu-induced oxidative stress, ERS, and inflammatory responses in fish, as well as for the healthy culture of fish in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ma
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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26
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Deshmukh K, Apte U. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Liver Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:279-292. [PMID: 37451282 PMCID: PMC10942737 DOI: 10.1055/a-2129-8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals is involved in liver disease-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. The liver responds to damage by triggering compensatory hepatic regeneration. Physical agent or chemical-induced liver damage disrupts hepatocyte proteostasis, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Post-liver injury ER experiences a homeostatic imbalance, followed by active ER stress response signaling. Activated ER stress response causes selective upregulation of stress response genes and downregulation of many hepatocyte genes. Acetaminophen overdose, carbon tetrachloride, acute and chronic alcohol exposure, and physical injury activate the ER stress response, but details about the cellular consequences of the ER stress response on liver regeneration remain unclear. The current data indicate that inhibiting the ER stress response after partial hepatectomy-induced liver damage promotes liver regeneration, whereas inhibiting the ER stress response after chemical-induced hepatotoxicity impairs liver regeneration. This review summarizes key findings and emphasizes the knowledge gaps in the role of ER stress in injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Deshmukh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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27
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Baumanns S, Muehlemeyer F, Miesbauer LC, Baake J, Roloff EM, Beis DM, Wenzel U. 4-Phenylbutyric acid attenuates amyloid-β proteotoxicity through activation of HSF-1 in an Alzheimer's disease model of the nematode Caenorhabditiselegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:16-22. [PMID: 37354655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. The pathogenesis is a complex process, in which the proteotoxicity of amyloid-β (Aβ) was identified as a major factor. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an aromatic short-chain fatty acid that may attenuate Aβ proteotoxicity through its already shown properties as a chemical chaperone or by inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the present study, we investigated the molecular effects of 4-PBA on Aβ proteotoxicity using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model. Computer-based analysis of motility was used as a measure of Aβ proteotoxicity in the transgenic strain GMC101, expressing human Aβ1-42 in body wall muscle cells. Aβ aggregation was quantified using the fluorescent probe NIAD-4 to correlate the effects of 4-PBA on motility with the amount of the proteotoxic protein. Furthermore, these approaches were supplemented by gene regulation via RNA interference (RNAi) to identify molecular targets of 4-PBA. 4-PBA improved the motility of GMC101 nematodes and reduced Aβ aggregation significantly. Knockdown of hsf-1, encoding an ortholog essential for the cytosolic heat shock response, prevented the increase in motility and decrease in Aβ aggregation by 4-PBA incubation. RNAi for hda-1, encoding an ortholog of histone deacetylase 2, also increased motility. Double RNAi for hsf-1 and hda-1 revealed a dominant effect of hsf-1 RNAi. Moreover, 4-PBA failed to further increase motility under hda-1 RNAi. Accordingly, the results suggest that 4-PBA attenuates Aβ proteotoxicity in an AD-model of C. elegans through activation of HSF-1 via inhibition of HDA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baumanns
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Muehlemeyer
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura C Miesbauer
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Baake
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva M Roloff
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel M Beis
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Tang Z, Liu L, Borlak J. Combined inhibition of histone deacetylase and cytidine deaminase improves epigenetic potency of decitabine in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:89. [PMID: 37208732 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the epigenome of cancerous diseases represents an innovative approach, and the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine is recommended for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Although epigenetic alterations are also common to solid tumors, the therapeutic efficacy of decitabine in colorectal adenocarcinomas (COAD) is unfavorable. Current research focuses on an identification of combination therapies either with chemotherapeutics or checkpoint inhibitors in modulating the tumor microenvironment. Here we report a series of molecular investigations to evaluate potency of decitabine, the histone deacetylase inhibitor PBA and the cytidine deaminase (CDA) inhibitor tetrahydrouridine (THU) in patient derived functional and p53 null colon cancer cell lines (CCCL). We focused on the inhibition of cell proliferation, the recovery of tumor suppressors and programmed cell death, and established clinical relevance by evaluating drug responsive genes among 270 COAD patients. Furthermore, we evaluated treatment responses based on CpG island density. RESULTS Decitabine caused marked repression of the DNMT1 protein. Conversely, PBA treatment of CCCL recovered acetylation of histone 3 lysine residues, and this enabled an open chromatin state. Unlike single decitabine treatment, the combined decitabine/PBA treatment caused > 95% inhibition of cell proliferation, prevented cell cycle progression especially in the S and G2-phase and induced programmed cell death. Decitabine and PBA differed in their ability to facilitate re-expression of genes localized on different chromosomes, and the combined decitabine/PBA treatment was most effective in the re-expression of 40 tumor suppressors and 13 genes typically silenced in cancer-associated genomic regions of COAD patients. Furthermore, this treatment repressed expression of 11 survival (anti-apoptotic) genes and augmented expression of X-chromosome inactivated genes, especially the lncRNA Xist to facilitate p53-mediated apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of CDA by THU or its gene knockdown prevented decitabine inactivation. Strikingly, PBA treatment recovered the expression of the decitabine drug-uptake transporter SLC15A1, thus enabling high tumor drug-loads. Finally, for 26 drug responsive genes we demonstrated improved survival in COAD patients. CONCLUSION The combined decitabine/PBA/THU drug treatment improved drug potency considerably, and given their existing regulatory approval, our findings merit prospective clinical trials for the triple combination in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Tang
- Hannover Medical School, Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lu Liu
- Hannover Medical School, Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Hannover Medical School, Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Zhang L, Xu S, Cheng X, Wu J, Wang Y, Gao W, Bao J, Yu H. Inflammatory tumor microenvironment of thyroid cancer promotes cellular dedifferentiation and silencing of iodide-handling genes expression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154495. [PMID: 37172523 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to dedifferentiation of tumor cells, manifested by a decreased expression of iodide-handling genes in thyrocytes, some thyroid carcinomas lose their capability for radioiodine concentration and gradually develop radioactive iodine (RAI) resistance. This work aimed to investigate the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in the process of tumor cell dedifferentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatic analyses and subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot assays were performed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and matched normal tissue. ELISA was used to assess the secretion of cytokines under the stimulation of pharmacological endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer. RESULTS Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), were found in thyroid cancer tissues compared with matched normal tissues. ER stress, induced by stressful environmental stimuli, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, occurred in thyroid tumors. Classic ER stress inducers, thapsigargin (Tg) and tunicamycin (Tm), promoted the expression of IL6 and CXCL8 in thyroid cancer cells at mRNA and protein levels. Of note, rIL-6 and rCXCL8 promoted the dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer cells or even non-transformed cells in an autocrine/paracrine manner, weakening radioiodine uptake ability of thyroid cancer cells. Intriguingly, sorafenib, a multiple kinase inhibitor (MKI), could potently suppress not only ER stress-induced but also basal expressions of IL-6 and CXCL8 in thyroid cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory TME could regulate cell dedifferentiation, leading to loss of thyroid-specific gene expressions, through reciprocal interaction between thyroid tumor cells and follicular cells. Our study provides a new perspective on the mechanisms of how inflammatory TME affects DTC dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; School of Life science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Shichen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Yunping Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- School of Life science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
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Elverson K, Warwicker J, Freeman S, Manson F. Tadalafil Rescues the p.M325T Mutant of Best1 Chloride Channel. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083317. [PMID: 37110551 PMCID: PMC10142963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bestrophin 1 (Best1) is a chloride channel that localises to the plasma membrane of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Mutations in the BEST1 gene are associated with a group of untreatable inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) called bestrophinopathies, caused by protein instability and loss-of-function of the Best1 protein. 4PBA and 2-NOAA have been shown to rescue the function, expression, and localisation of Best1 mutants; however, it is of interest to find more potent analogues as the concentration of the drugs required is too high (2.5 mM) to be given therapeutically. A virtual docking model of the COPII Sec24a site, where 4PBA has been shown to bind, was generated and a library of 1416 FDA-approved compounds was screened at the site. The top binding compounds were tested in vitro in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments of HEK293T cells expressing mutant Best1. The application of 25 μM tadalafil resulted in full rescue of Cl- conductance, comparable to wild type Best1 levels, for p.M325T mutant Best1 but not for p.R141H or p.L234V mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Elverson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Forbes Manson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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Attenuation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances Carvacrol-Induced Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030744. [PMID: 36983900 PMCID: PMC10054369 DOI: 10.3390/life13030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol that has excellent antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. It can also improve wound healing. However, few studies have explored its antitumor effect on osteosarcoma. In this report, we tried to determine the potential efficacy of carvacrol against osteosarcoma cell lines. Our data revealed that carvacrol exposure inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma HOS and U-2 OS cells. In addition, carvacrol exposure enhanced the levels of cleaved PARP and caspase 3 and increased annexin V-positive cells, indicating that carvacrol exposure triggers apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were enhanced after carvacrol exposure and cotreatment with NAC, the ROS scavenger, decreased the levels of cleaved PARP and caspase 3, suggesting the involvement of ROS in carvacrol-induced apoptosis. Importantly, we found that carvacrol exposure triggered several protein expressions related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including GRP78/Bip, IRE1a, PERK, and CHOP, in HOS and U-2 OS cells, indicating that carvacrol exposure could result in ER stress in these cell lines. Cotreatment with the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA increased the levels of cleaved PARP and caspase 3 and further suppressed cellular proliferation in carvacrol-exposed osteosarcoma cell lines. Overall, the results indicate that induced ER stress can protect cells from apoptosis, but increased ROS contributes to apoptosis in carvacrol-treated cells. In this report, we first demonstrate the role of ER stress in carvacrol-induced apoptosis and suggest that ER stress could be targeted to enhance the antitumor activity of carvacrol in osteosarcoma cell lines.
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33
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Jeon JH, Im S, Kim HS, Lee D, Jeong K, Ku JM, Nam TG. Chemical Chaperones to Inhibit Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Implications in Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4385-4397. [PMID: 36583112 PMCID: PMC9793730 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s393816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for structural transformation or folding of de novo proteins for transport to the Golgi. When the folding capacity of the ER is exceeded or excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins occurs, the ER enters a stressed condition (ER stress) and unfolded protein responses (UPR) are triggered in order to rescue cells from the stress. Recovery of ER proceeds toward either survival or cell apoptosis. ER stress is implicated in many pathologies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration, and lysosomal storage diseases. As a survival or adaptation mechanism, chaperone molecules are upregulated to manage ER stress. Chemical versions of chaperone have been developed in search of drug candidates for ER stress-related diseases. In this review, synthetic or semi-synthetic chemical chaperones are categorized according to potential therapeutic area and listed along with their chemical structure and activity. Although only a few chemical chaperones have been approved as pharmaceutical drugs, a dramatic increase in literatures over the recent decades indicates enormous amount of efforts paid by many researchers. The efforts warrant clearer understanding of ER stress and the related diseases and consequently will offer a promising drug discovery platform with chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyoung Im
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea,Correspondence: Tae-Gyu Nam, Tel +82-31-400-5807, Fax +82-31-400-5958, Email
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Angenoorth TJF, Maier J, Stankovic S, Bhat S, Sucic S, Freissmuth M, Sitte HH, Yang JW. Rescue of Misfolded Organic Cation Transporter 3 Variants. Cells 2022; 12:39. [PMID: 36611832 PMCID: PMC9818475 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are membrane proteins that take up monoamines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics. We previously reported novel missense mutations of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3, SLC22A3), some with drastically impacted transport capabilities compared to wildtype. For some variants, this was due to ER retention and subsequent degradation of the misfolded transporter. For other transporter families, it was previously shown that treatment of misfolded variants with pharmacological and chemical chaperones could restore transport function to a certain degree. To investigate two potentially ER-bound, misfolded variants (D340G and R348W), we employed confocal and biochemical analyses. In addition, radiotracer uptake assays were conducted to assess whether pre-treatment with chaperones could restore transporter function. We show that pre-treatment of cells with the chemical chaperone 4-PBA (4-phenyl butyric acid) leads to increased membrane expression of misfolded variants and is associated with increased transport capacity of D340G (8-fold) and R348W (1.5 times) compared to untreated variants. We herein present proof of principle that folding-deficient SLC22 transporter variants, in particular those of OCT3, are amenable to rescue by chaperones. These findings need to be extended to other SLC22 members with corroborated disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. F. Angenoorth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stevan Stankovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jae-Won Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4-PBA Attenuates Fat Accumulation in Cultured Spotted Seabass Fed High-Fat-Diet via Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121197. [PMID: 36557235 PMCID: PMC9784988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation is a common phenomenon in cultured fish, which can cause metabolic disease such as fatty liver. However, the relative regulatory approach remains to be explored. Based on this, two feeding trials were conducted. Firstly, fish were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks and sampled at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week after feeding (Experiment I). In the first four weeks, fish fed an HFD grew faster than those fed an NFD. Conversely, the body weight and weight gain were higher in the NFD group at the 6th and 8th weeks. Under light and transmission electron microscopes, fat accumulation of the liver was accompanied by an obvious endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swell. Accordingly, the expressions of atf-6, ire-1, perk, eif-2α, atf-4, grp78, and chop showed that ER stress was activated at the 6th and 8th weeks. In Experiment II, 50 mg/kg 4-PBA (an ERs inhibitor) was supplemented to an HFD; this was named the 4-PBA group. Then, fish was fed with an NFD, an HFD, and a 4-PBA diet for eight weeks. As the result, the excessive fat deposition caused by an HFD was reversed by 4-PBA. The expression of ER stress-related proteins CHOP and GRP78 was down-regulated by 4-PBA, and the transmission electron microscope images also showed that 4-PBA alleviated ER stress induced by the feeding of an HFD. Furthermore, 4-PBA administration down-regulated SREBP-1C/ACC/FAS, the critical pathways of fat synthesis. In conclusion, the results confirmed that ER stress plays a contributor role in the fat deposition by activating the SREBP-1C/ACC/FAS pathway. 4-PBA as an ER stress inhibitor could reduce fat deposition caused by an HFD via regulating ER stress.
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Rico-Llanos G, Porras-Perales Ó, Escalante S, Vázquez-Calero DB, Valiente L, Castillo MI, Pérez-Tejeiro JM, Baglietto-Vargas D, Becerra J, Reguera JM, Duran I, Csukasi F. Cellular stress modulates severity of the inflammatory response in lungs via cell surface BiP. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054962. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a central pathogenic feature of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. Previous pathologies such as diabetes, autoimmune or cardiovascular diseases become risk factors for the severe hyperinflammatory syndrome. A common feature among these risk factors is the subclinical presence of cellular stress, a finding that has gained attention after the discovery that BiP (GRP78), a master regulator of stress, participates in the SARS-CoV-2 recognition. Here, we show that BiP serum levels are higher in COVID-19 patients who present certain risk factors. Moreover, early during the infection, BiP levels predict severe pneumonia, supporting the use of BiP as a prognosis biomarker. Using a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation, we observed increased levels of cell surface BiP (cs-BiP) in leukocytes during inflammation. This corresponds with a higher number of neutrophiles, which show naturally high levels of cs-BiP, whereas alveolar macrophages show a higher than usual exposure of BiP in their cell surface. The modulation of cellular stress with the use of a clinically approved drug, 4-PBA, resulted in the amelioration of the lung hyperinflammatory response, supporting the anti-stress therapy as a valid therapeutic strategy for patients developing ARDS. Finally, we identified stress-modulated proteins that shed light into the mechanism underlying the cellular stress-inflammation network in lungs.
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Askari S, Azizi F, Javadpour P, Karimi N, Ghasemi R. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as an underlying factor in leading causes of blindness and potential therapeutic effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid: from bench to bedside. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2145945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Askari
- Neuroscience Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran5Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang J, Tang Y, Xu W, Hu Z, Xu S, Niu Q. Fluoride-Induced Cortical Toxicity in Rats: the Role of Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Mediated Defective Autophagy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03463-5. [PMID: 36327065 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is closely associated with learning and memory, and fluoride is capable of inducing cortical toxicity, but its mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in fluoride-induced cortical toxicity. Rats exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) were used as an in vivo model. The results showed that NaF exposure impaired the learning and memory capacities and increased urinary fluoride levels in rats. In addition, NaF exposure induced excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated apoptosis, as evidenced by elevated IRE1α, GRP78, cleaved caspase-12, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as defective autophagy, as evidenced by increased expression of Beclin1, LC3-II, and p62 in cortical areas. Importantly, the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as defective autophagy, thus confirming the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in fluoride-induced cortical toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and its mediated defective autophagy lead to fluoride-induced cortical toxicity. This provides new insights into the mechanisms of fluoride-induced neurotoxicity and a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of fluoride-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Sciriha GG, Sultana J, Borg J. Identifying and categorizing compounds that reduce corneal transforming growth factor beta induced protein levels: a scoping review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1423-1442. [PMID: 36308770 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) gene mutations have been reported as the cause of a group of genetically inherited, visually debilitating, corneal dystrophies (CD). A scoping literature review to identify and categorize compounds that inhibit corneal TGFBI expression and/or promote TGFBIp degradation was performed. Emphasis was given to their potential to be used as a cost-effective approach via drug repurposing. AREAS COVERED We performed a thorough search of original peer-reviewed literature using electronic bibliographic databases and selected articles according to a set of criteria. The total number of articles retrieved from the search terms applied to the databases was 2344. The number of relevant full-text articles included added up to 19. We identified 16 compounds that can theoretically reduce the levels of mutant TGFBIp in human corneal cells. EXPERT OPINION Currently, the only temporary treatments available for this condition are lubricant drops and surgery. Here, we explored the crosstalk between cascades that regulate TGFBI expression and identified compounds that target these pathways. Compounds that inhibit DNA synthesis and function, increase elimination of TGFBIp or bind to mutant TGFBIp were also explored with the aim of highlighting promising compounds that can be used in future cost-effective drug-repurposing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Sultana
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter UK
| | - Joseph Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Protein synthesis inhibition and loss of homeostatic functions in astrocytes from an Alzheimer's disease mouse model: a role for ER-mitochondria interaction. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:878. [PMID: 36257957 PMCID: PMC9579125 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of protein synthesis and ER stress/unfolded protein response (ER stress/UPR) have been reported in astrocytes. However, the relationships between protein synthesis deregulation and ER stress/UPR, as well as their role in the altered homeostatic support of Alzheimer's disease (AD) astrocytes remain poorly understood. Previously, we reported that in astrocytic cell lines from 3xTg-AD mice (3Tg-iAstro) protein synthesis was impaired and ER-mitochondria distance was reduced. Here we show that impaired protein synthesis in 3Tg-iAstro is associated with an increase of p-eIF2α and downregulation of GADD34. Although mRNA levels of ER stress/UPR markers were increased two-three-fold, we found neither activation of PERK nor downstream induction of ATF4 protein. Strikingly, the overexpression of a synthetic ER-mitochondrial linker (EML) resulted in a reduced protein synthesis and augmented p-eIF2α without any effect on ER stress/UPR marker genes. In vivo, in hippocampi of 3xTg-AD mice, reduced protein synthesis, increased p-eIF2α and downregulated GADD34 protein were found, while no increase of p-PERK or ATF4 proteins was observed, suggesting that in AD astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, phosphorylation of eIF2α and impairment of protein synthesis are PERK-independent. Next, we investigated the ability of 3xTg-AD astrocytes to support metabolism and function of other cells of the central nervous system. Astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) from 3Tg-iAstro cells significantly reduced protein synthesis rate in primary hippocampal neurons. When added as a part of pericyte/endothelial cell (EC)/astrocyte 3D co-culture, 3Tg-iAstro, but not WT-iAstro, severely impaired formation and ramification of tubules, the effect, replicated by EML overexpression in WT-iAstro cells. Finally, a chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) rescued protein synthesis, p-eIF2α levels in 3Tg-iAstro cells and tubulogenesis in pericyte/EC/3Tg-iAstro co-culture. Collectively, our results suggest that a PERK-independent, p-eIF2α-associated impairment of protein synthesis compromises astrocytic homeostatic functions, and this may be caused by the altered ER-mitochondria interaction.
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Fels JA, Dash J, Leslie K, Manfredi G, Kawamata H. Effects of
PB‐TURSO
on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of sporadic
ALS
fibroblasts. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1551-1564. [PMID: 36083004 PMCID: PMC9539390 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Fels
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Ave New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Jalia Dash
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Kent Leslie
- Amylyx Pharmaceuticals 43 Thorndike Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02141 USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
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Askari S, Javadpour P, Rashidi FS, Dargahi L, Kashfi K, Ghasemi R. Behavioral and Molecular Effects of Thapsigargin-Induced Brain ER- Stress: Encompassing Inflammation, MAPK, and Insulin Signaling Pathway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091374. [PMID: 36143409 PMCID: PMC9500646 DOI: 10.3390/life12091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins, known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, is known to participate in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is also correlated with impaired central insulin signaling. However, few studies have probed the relationship between memory, central ER stress, inflammation, hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the causative role and underlying mechanisms of brain ER stress in memory impairment and develop a reliable animal model for ER-mediated memory loss. Thapsigargin (TG), a known ER stress activator, was centrally administered. The cognitive function of animals was evaluated by the Morris Water Maze (MWM). To verify the induction of central ER stress, we investigated the mRNA expression of UPR markers in the hippocampus. In addition, the activation of ER stress markers, including Bip, CHOP, and some related apoptosis and pro-inflammatory proteins, such as caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α, MAPK, and insulin signaling markers, were assessed by Western-blots. The results demonstrated that TG impairs spatial cognition and hippocampal insulin signaling. Meanwhile, molecular results showed a concurrent increment of hippocampal UPR markers, apoptosis, P38 activity, and TNF-α. This study introduced TG-induced ER stress as a pharmacological model for memory impairment in rats and revealed some underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Rashidi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-21-22439971
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Hung CT, Tsai YW, Wu YS, Yeh CF, Yang KC. The novel role of ER protein TXNDC5 in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:63. [PMID: 36050716 PMCID: PMC9438287 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis-related disorders account for an enormous burden of disease-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fibrosis is defined by excessive extracellular matrix deposition at fibrotic foci in the organ tissue following injury, resulting in abnormal architecture, impaired function and ultimately, organ failure. To date, there lacks effective pharmacological therapy to target fibrosis per se, highlighting the urgent need to identify novel drug targets against organ fibrosis. Recently, we have discovered the critical role of a fibroblasts-enriched endoplasmic reticulum protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), in cardiac, pulmonary, renal and liver fibrosis, showing TXNDC5 is required for the activation of fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β signaling cascades depending on its catalytic activity as a PDI. Moreover, deletion of TXNDC5 in fibroblasts ameliorates organ fibrosis and preserves organ function by inhibiting myofibroblasts activation, proliferation and extracellular matrix production. In this review, we detailed the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TXNDC5 promotes fibrogenesis in various tissue types and summarized potential therapeutic strategies targeting TXNDC5 to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuo Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications March–June 2022. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2022; 20:286-293. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2022.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Tao H, Banerjee S, Srinivasan S, Nemeth E, Czaja MJ, He P. Integrated regulation of stress responses, autophagy and survival by altered intracellular iron stores. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102407. [PMID: 35853304 PMCID: PMC9294649 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a mineral essential for blood production and a variety of critical cellular functions. Altered iron metabolism has been increasingly observed in many diseases and disorders, but a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the cellular impact of impaired iron metabolism is still lacking. We examined the effects of iron overload or iron deficiency on cellular stress responses and autophagy which collectively regulate cell homeostasis and survival. Acute iron loading led to increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and damage, lipid peroxidation, impaired autophagic flux, and ferroptosis. Iron-induced mtROS overproduction is the mechanism of increased lipid peroxidation, impaired autophagy, and the induction of ferroptosis. Iron excess-induced ferroptosis was cell-type dependent and regulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Upregulation of ATF4 mitigated iron-induced autophagic dysfunction and ferroptosis, whereas silencing of ATF4 expression impaired autophagy and resulted in increased mtROS production and ferroptosis. Employing autophagy-deficient hepatocytes and different autophagy inhibitors, we further showed that autophagic impairment sensitized cells to iron-induced ferroptosis. In contrast, iron deficiency activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, decreased autophagy, and induced apoptosis. Decreased autophagy associated with iron deficiency was due to ER stress, as reduction of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) improved autophagic flux. The mechanism of decreased autophagy in iron deficiency is a disruption in lysosomal biogenesis due to impaired posttranslational maturation of lysosomal membrane proteins. In conclusion, iron excess and iron deficiency cause different forms of cell stress and death in part through the common mechanism of impaired autophagic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Wang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hui Tao
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nazir LA, Shahid NH, Amit K, Umar SA, Rajni S, Bharate S, Sangwan PL, Tasduq SA. Synthesis and anti-melanoma effect of 3-O-prenyl glycyrrhetinic acid against B16F10 cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy through ERK/AKT signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890299. [PMID: 35982963 PMCID: PMC9380594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive form of cancer with poor prognosis and survival rates and limited therapeutic options. Here, we report the anti-melanoma effect of 3-O-prenyl glycyrrhetinic acid (NPC-402), a derivative of glycyrrhtinic acid, from a reputed medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra against B16F10 cells. We studied the cytotoxic effect of NPC-402 on melanoma cells and investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, AKT axis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated autophagy as the involved signaling cascade by studying specific marker proteins. In this study, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA, a chemical chaperone) and small interference RNA (siRNA) knockdown of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP)/growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153(GAD153) blocked NPC-402-mediated autophagy induction, thus confirming the role of ER stress and autophagy in melanoma cell death. NPC-402 induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in melanoma cells, which were effectively mitigated by treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In vivo studies showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NPC-402 at 10 mg/kg (5 days in 1 week) significantly retarded angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay and reduced the tumor size and tumor weight without causing any significant toxic manifestation in C57BL/6J mice. We conclude that NPC-402 has a high potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic drug against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone A. Nazir
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, Council Of scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Naikoo H. Shahid
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, Council Of scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kumar Amit
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sheikh A. Umar
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, Council Of scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sharma Rajni
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sandip Bharate
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Pyare L. Sangwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sheikh Abdullah Tasduq
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, Council Of scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sheikh Abdullah Tasduq, /
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071306. [PMID: 35883795 PMCID: PMC9312221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-functional organelle responsible for cellular homeostasis, protein synthesis, folding and secretion. It has been increasingly recognized that the loss of ER homeostasis plays a central role in the development of autoimmune inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatic diseases. Purpose/Main contents: Here, we review current knowledge of the contribution of ER stress to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We also review the interplay between protein folding and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where ER stress induces oxidative stress (OS), which further aggravates the accumulation of misfolded proteins and oxidation, in a vicious cycle. Intervention studies targeting ER stress and oxidative stress in the context of rheumatic diseases are also reviewed. Conclusions: Loss of ER homeostasis is a significant factor in the pathogeneses of RA and SLE. Targeting ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways and oxidative stress in these diseases both in vitro and in animal models have shown promising results and deserve further investigation.
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Rzayev E, Amanvermez R, Gün S, Tiryaki ES, Arslan G. 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Plus Valproic Acid Exhibits the Therapeutic and Neuroprotective Effects in Acute Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazole. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3104-3113. [PMID: 35764848 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Here we examine the effects of valproic acid (VA) plus 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on abnormal electrical brain activity, ER stress and apoptosis in acute seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of 8 rats as follows: Sham, PTZ, VA+PTZ, 4-PBA+PTZ, and VA plus 4-PBA+PTZ. The treated groups received VA, 4-PBA and VA plus 4-PBA by intraperitoneal application for 7 days prior to PTZ-induced seizure. On the 8th day, acute epileptic seizures were induced by PTZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) injection, except for the sham group. Then, the seizure stage was observed and ECoG activities were recorded during the 30 min. At 24th post seizures, the hippocampus and blood samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Administration of VA plus 4-PBA prior to PTZ-induced seizures significantly decreased seizure stage, the duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure and the total number of spikes as increased the latency to the first myoclonic jerk when compared to the PTZ group. 4-PBA suppressed the increased levels of ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP in the hippocampus. VA plus 4-PBA treatment before seizures significantly inhibited PTZ-induced elevations of apoptosis-related indicators caspase-3 and caspase-12, and significantly reduced the number of histopathological lesions of the hippocampus region at 24th post seizures. These findings suggest that administration of VA plus 4-PBA prior to PTZ-induced seizures may be involved in the neuroprotective potential of these agents for seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Rzayev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Atakum, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Amanvermez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Atakum, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Seda Gün
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emre S Tiryaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Arslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Ripamonti M, Santambrogio P, Racchetti G, Cozzi A, Di Meo I, Tiranti V, Levi S. PKAN hiPS-Derived Astrocytes Show Impairment of Endosomal Trafficking: A Potential Mechanism Underlying Iron Accumulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:878103. [PMID: 35783094 PMCID: PMC9243464 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.878103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PKAN disease is caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, encoding the mitochondrial enzyme pantothenate kinase 2, catalyzing the first and key reaction in Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic process. This disorder is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and excessive iron deposition in the brain. The pathogenic mechanisms of PKAN are still unclear, and the available therapies are only symptomatic. Although iron accumulation is a hallmark of PKAN, its relationship with CoA dysfunction is not clear. We have previously developed hiPS-derived astrocytes from PKAN patients showing iron overload, thus recapitulating the human phenotype. In this work, we demonstrated that PKAN astrocytes presented an increase in transferrin uptake, a key route for cellular iron intake via transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin-bound iron. Investigation of constitutive exo-endocytosis and vesicular dynamics, exploiting the activity-enriching biosensor SynaptoZip, led to the finding of a general impairment in the constitutive endosomal trafficking in PKAN astrocytes. CoA and 4-phenylbutyric acid treatments were found to be effective in partially rescuing the aberrant vesicular behavior and iron intake. Our results demonstrate that the impairment of CoA biosynthesis could interfere with pivotal intracellular mechanisms involved in membrane fusions and vesicular trafficking, leading to an aberrant transferrin receptor-mediated iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Ripamonti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Proteomics of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Santambrogio
- Proteomics of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Racchetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cozzi
- Proteomics of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Levi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Proteomics of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sonia Levi,
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Blank M, McGregor NE, Rowley L, Kung LHW, Crimeen-Irwin B, Poulton IJ, Walker EC, Gooi JH, Lamandé SR, Sims NA, Bateman JF. The effect of carbamazepine on bone structure and strength in control and osteogenesis imperfecta (Col1a2 +/p.G610C ) mice. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4021-4031. [PMID: 35701367 PMCID: PMC9279589 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is commonly caused by COL1A1 and COL1A2 mutations that disrupt the collagen I triple helix. This causes intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of the misfolded collagen and can result in a pathological ER stress response. A therapeutic approach to reduce this toxic mutant load could be to stimulate mutant collagen degradation by manipulating autophagy and/or ER‐associated degradation. Since carbamazepine (CBZ) both stimulates autophagy of misfolded collagen X and improves skeletal pathology in a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia model, we tested the effect of CBZ on bone structure and strength in 3‐week‐old male OI Col1a2+/p.G610C and control mice. Treatment for 3 or 6 weeks with CBZ, at the dose effective in metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, provided no therapeutic benefit to Col1a2+/p.G610C mouse bone structure, strength or composition, measured by micro‐computed tomography, three point bending tests and Fourier‐transform infrared microspectroscopy. In control mice, however, CBZ treatment for 6 weeks impaired femur growth and led to lower femoral cortical and trabecular bone mass. These data, showing the negative impact of CBZ treatment on the developing mouse bones, raise important issues which must be considered in any human clinical applications of CBZ in growing individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Blank
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Narelle E McGregor
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise H W Kung
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Blessing Crimeen-Irwin
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma C Walker
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotecβhnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shireen R Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John F Bateman
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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