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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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Colorectal Cancer Cell Differentiation Is Dependent on the Repression of Aerobic Glycolysis by NDRG2-TXNIP Axis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3763-3772. [PMID: 34373985 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated colorectal cancers are more aggressive. Metabolism reprogramming is a significant hallmark in cancer, and aerobic glycolysis is common. However, how cancer cells reprogramming glucose metabolism contributes to cell differentiation was largely unknown. Previous studies have reported that tumor suppressor NDRG2 could promote colorectal cancers differentiation. AIMS This study aims to demonstrate that NDRG2 promotes the differentiation of colorectal cancers, potentially through the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis via TXNIP induction. METHODS Western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of related molecules. MTT assay was used to reflect cell viability and proliferation. Immunofluorescent assay was performed to identify the expression and distribution of molecules. Luciferase analysis and CHIP assays were used to investigate the mechanism. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the relevance. RESULTS In colorectal cancers, NDRG2 could inhibit cell proliferation, reduce glucose uptake and decrease expression of key glycolysis enzymes. Upregulated NDRG2 is associated with differentiated cancer. However, deletion of TXNIP, a classic glucose metabolism inhibitor, could obviously alter the function of NDRG2 in differentiation, glucose uptake, expression of key glycolysis enzymes and proliferation. Mechanistically, high glucose flux promotes the activity of TXNIP promoter. And NDRG2 promotes the occupancy of transcription factor Mondo A on TXNIP promoter, predominantly through the suppression of c-myc, which could complete with Mondo A binding to TXNIP promoter. In clinical samples, high expression of TXNIP indicates good prognosis and outcome. CONCLUSIONS NDRG2-dependent induction of TXNIP is critical for the aerobic glycolysis during colorectal cancers differentiation.
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TXNIP: A Double-Edged Sword in Disease and Therapeutic Outlook. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7805115. [PMID: 35450411 PMCID: PMC9017576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7805115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was originally named vitamin D3 upregulated protein-1 (VDUP1) because of its ability to bind to thioredoxin (TRX) and inhibit TRX function and expression. TXNIP is an alpha-arrestin protein that is essential for redox homeostasis in the human body. TXNIP may act as a double-edged sword in the cell. The balance of TXNIP is crucial. A study has shown that TXNIP can travel between diverse intracellular locations and bind to different proteins to play different roles under oxidative stress. The primary function of TXNIP is to induce apoptosis or pyroptosis under oxidative stress. TXNIP also inhibits proliferation and migration in cancer cells, although TXNIP levels decrease, and function diminishes in various cancers. In this review, we summarized the main structure, binding proteins, pathways, and the role of TXNIP in diseases, aiming to explore the double-edged sword role of TXNIP, and expect it to be helpful for future treatment using TXNIP as a therapeutic target.
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Akbari S, Kunter I, Azbazdar Y, Ozhan G, Atabey N, Firtina Karagonlar Z, Erdal E. LGR5/R-Spo1/Wnt3a axis promotes stemness and aggressive phenotype in hepatoblast-like hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109972. [PMID: 33684507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a newly defined stem cell marker in endoderm-derived organs such as the small intestine, colon and pancreas. Recently, LGR5 was demonstrated to be an important factor in liver regeneration and stem cell maintenance. Moreover, LGR5 expression is highly up-regulated in various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we demonstrate that LGR5 expression is specifically observed in certain subset of HCC cell lines with "hepatoblast-like" appearance, characterized by the expression of liver fetal/progenitor markers. Notably, the activation of the canonical Wnt pathway significantly increases the expression of LGR5 in this subset of cell lines, whereas it does not cause any induction of LGR5 expression in mesenchymal like cell lines SNU-475 and SNU-449. Furthermore, we showed that treatment of the hepatoblast-like HCC cell lines HuH-7 and Hep3B with LGR5 ligand R-Spo1 significantly amplifies the induction of LGR5 expression, the phosphorylation of LRP6 and β-catenin resulting in enhanced TCF/LEF activity either alone or in combination with Wnt3a. Consistently, the silencing of the LGR5 gene attenuates the co-stimulatory effect of R-Spo1/Wnt3a on TCF/LEF activity while overexpression of LGR5 enhances it. On the contrary, overexpression of LGR5 does not change TCF/LEF activity induced by R-Spo1/Wnt3a in mesenchymal-like HCC line, SNU-449. Importantly, LGR5-overexpressing cells have increased expression of several Wnt target genes and stemness-related genes including EpCAM and CK19 upon R-Spo1/Wnt3a treatment. LGR5-overexpressing cells also have increased spheroid forming, migration and invasion abilities and stimulation with R-Spo1/Wnt3a augments these abilities of LGR5-overexpressing cells. In addition, ectopic overexpression of LGR5 significantly increases cell proliferation rate independent of R-Spo1/Wnt3a stimulation. Moreover, in vitro tubulogenesis assay demonstrates that treatment with R-Spo1/Wnt3a enhances the sprouting of capillary tubules in only LGR5-overexpressing cells. Finally, R-Spo1/Wnt3a significantly promotes dissemination of LGR5-overexpressing cells in vivo in a zebrafish xenograft model. Our study unravels a tumor-promoting role for LGR5 through activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the hepatoblast-like HCCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that LGR5/R-Spo1/Wnt3a generates an axis that mediates the acquisition of aggressive phenotype specifically in hepatoblast-like subset of HCCs and might represent a valuable target for treatment of HCC tumors with aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Akbari
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Imge Kunter
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nese Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey.
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Lin Z, Ling LQR, Ng M, Matlub L, Mehta K, Linus RA, Looker MJ, Melia Y, Loong J, Paolini R, Farah CS, Celentano A. The effect of anticoagulants on oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:118-121. [PMID: 33184943 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour progression allows for aberrant angiogenesis. Consequently, cancer-associated thrombosis is a prevalent complication that is coupled with poor prognosis. Anticoagulants have therefore been prescribed with chemotherapeutic agents to target potential thrombo-embolic risk. A systematic review was carried out to summarise existing evidence on the interactions between anticoagulants and oral cancer. This treatment paradigm has demonstrated beneficial results in some oncology patients, thus associating anticoagulants with anticancer effects. Increasing prevalence of oral cancer presents a need to source alternative therapeutic means to prevent disease progression, and thus the use of anticoagulants in these patients may provide an avenue for this to occur. The paucity of evidence regarding the interactions between oral squamous cell carcinoma and anticoagulants emphasises the urgency with which further research should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Lin
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Li-Qiao R Ling
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Mabel Ng
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Laith Matlub
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Kunal Mehta
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Roshine A Linus
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Mitchell J Looker
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Yovita Melia
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Junhan Loong
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Head and Neck Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
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Chen Y, Ning J, Cao W, Wang S, Du T, Jiang J, Feng X, Zhang B. Research Progress of TXNIP as a Tumor Suppressor Gene Participating in the Metabolic Reprogramming and Oxidative Stress of Cancer Cells in Various Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568574. [PMID: 33194655 PMCID: PMC7609813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a thioredoxin-binding protein that can mediate oxidative stress, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the function of the thioredoxin system. TXNIP is important because of its wide range of functions in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. Increasing evidence has shown that TXNIP expression is low in tumors and that it may act as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types such as hepatocarcinoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. TXNIP is known to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells by affecting metabolic reprogramming and can affect the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells through the TXNIP-HIF1α-TWIST signaling axis. TXNIP can also prevent the occurrence of bladder cancer by inhibiting the activation of ERK, which inhibits apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. In this review, we find that TXNIP can be regulated by binding to transcription factors or other binding proteins and can also be downregulated by epigenetic changes or miRNA. In addition, we also summarize emerging insights on TXNIP expression and its functional role in different kinds of cancers, as well as clarify its participation in metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress in cancer cells, wherein it acts as a putative tumor suppressor gene to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of different tumor cells as well as promote apoptosis in these cells. TXNIP may therefore be of basic and clinical significance for finding novel molecular targets that can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Chen
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieling Ning
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Du
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueping Feng
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Topel H, Bagirsakci E, Comez D, Bagci G, Cakan-Akdogan G, Atabey N. lncRNA HOTAIR overexpression induced downregulation of c-Met signaling promotes hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:110. [PMID: 32650779 PMCID: PMC7353702 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are both reversible processes, and regulation of phenotypical transition is very important for progression of several cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, it is defined that cancer cells can attain a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (hybrid E/M) phenotype. Cells with hybrid E/M phenotype comprise mixed epithelial and mesenchymal properties, they can be more resistant to therapeutics and also more capable of initiating metastatic lesions. However, the mechanisms regulating hybrid E/M in HCC are not well described yet. In this study, we investigated the role of the potential crosstalk between lncRNA HOTAIR and c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase, which are two essential regulators of EMT and MET, in acquiring of hybrid E/M phenotype in HCC. Methods Expression of c-Met and lncRNA HOTAIR were defined in HCC cell lines and patient tissues through HCC progression. lncRNA HOTAIR was overexpressed in SNU-449 cells and its effects on c-Met signaling were analyzed. c-Met was overexpressed in SNU-398 cells and its effect on HOTAIR expression was analyzed. Biological significance of HOTAIR/c-Met interplay was defined in means of adhesion, proliferation, motility behavior, invasion, spheroid formation and metastatic ability. Effect of ectopic lncRNA HOTAIR expression on phenotype was defined with investigation of molecular epithelial and mesenchymal traits. Results In vitro and in vivo experiments verified the pivotal role of lncRNA HOTAIR in acquisition of hybrid E/M phenotype through modulating expression and activation of c-Met and its membrane co-localizing partner Caveolin-1, and membrane organization to cope with the rate limiting steps of metastasis such as survival in adhesion independent microenvironment, escaping from anoikis and resisting to fluidic shear stress (FSS) in HCC. Conclusions Our work provides the first evidence suggesting a role for lncRNA HOTAIR in the modulation of c-Met to promote hybrid E/M phenotype. The balance between lncRNA HOTAIR and c-Met might be critical for cell fate decision and metastatic potential of HCC cells. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Topel
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Functional Genomics and Metabolism Unit, Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ezgi Bagirsakci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dehan Comez
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulsun Bagci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Cakan-Akdogan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nese Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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Gunes A, Bagirsakci E, Iscan E, Cakan-Akdogan G, Aykutlu U, Senturk S, Ozhan G, Erdal E, Nart D, Barbet FY, Atabey N. Thioredoxin interacting protein promotes invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36849-36866. [PMID: 30627326 PMCID: PMC6305144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While acquired resistance to oxidative stress is the main driver of aggressive cell phenotype, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that elevated expression of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a main regulator of the aggressive phenotype in HCC. Materials and Methods To test this hypothesis, we measured TXNIP expression levels in 11 HCC cell lines by qPCR and western blotting. In addition, 80 pairs of HCC tissues and matched liver tissues of 73 cases, as well as 11 normal liver tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry. Besides, TXNIP expression levels were analyzed by Oncomine Platform in seven independent microarray datasets. Finally, the functional role of TXNIP in HCC was investigated in vitro and in vivo by silencing and overexpression studies. Results Our results show that TXNIP expression is significantly increased in HCC compared to non-tumor counterparts (p < 0.0001) as well as to normal (p < 0.0001) and cirrhotic (p < 0.0001) liver tissues. Moreover, stable overexpression of TXNIP in HCC cells (i) significantly increases ROS levels, (ii) induces EMT phenotype, (iii) increases motility, invasion and 3D branching tubulogenesis, (iv) decreases apoptosis, and (v) elevates in vivo metastasis in zebrafish embryos. Finally, we identify sinusoidal/stromal and cytoplasmic TXNIP staining patterns as risk factors for intrahepatic vascular invasion (p:0.0400). Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of TXNIP has a pivotal role in HCC progression by inducing cell survival, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysim Gunes
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bagirsakci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
| | - Evin Iscan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
| | | | - Umut Aykutlu
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Izmir, 35040 Bornova, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
| | - Deniz Nart
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Izmir, 35040 Bornova, Turkey
| | - Funda Yilmaz Barbet
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Izmir, 35040 Bornova, Turkey
| | - Nese Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340 Balcova, Turkey
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Korhan P, Yılmaz Y, Bağırsakçı E, Güneş A, Topel H, Carr BI, Atabey N. Pleiotropic Effects of Heparins: From Clinical Applications to Molecular Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:7568742. [PMID: 30425976 PMCID: PMC6217885 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7568742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide and most cases are incurable because of late presentation. It is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver and often arises in the context of a chronic liver disease that impairs coagulation. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of HCC that is associated with a poor prognosis. Heparin derivatives are widely used in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Among them low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) favorably influences the survival in patients with advanced cancer, including HCC. Due to their pleiotropic function, heparins affect tumorigenesis in many ways and may promote or hamper tumorigenic transformation depending on the cancer type and cancer stage along with their structural properties and concentration. Thus, their application as an antithrombotic along with the conventional therapy regime should be carefully planned to develop the best management strategies. In this review, we first will briefly review clinical applications of heparin derivatives in the management of cancer with a particular focus on HCC. We then summarize the state of knowledge whereby heparin can crosstalk with molecules playing a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Lastly, we highlight new experimental and clinical research conducted with the aim of moving towards personalized therapy in cancer patients at risk of thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyda Korhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics, Heath Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bağırsakçı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
| | - Hande Topel
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics, Heath Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Turkey
| | | | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Turkey
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Saury C, Lardenois A, Schleder C, Leroux I, Lieubeau B, David L, Charrier M, Guével L, Viau S, Delorme B, Rouger K. Human serum and platelet lysate are appropriate xeno-free alternatives for clinical-grade production of human MuStem cell batches. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:128. [PMID: 29720259 PMCID: PMC5932844 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine MuStem cells have demonstrated regenerative efficacy in a dog model of muscular dystrophy, and the recent characterization of human counterparts (hMuStem) has highlighted the therapeutic potential of this muscle-derived stem cell population. To date, these cells have only been generated in research-grade conditions. However, evaluation of the clinical efficacy of any such therapy will require the production of hMuStem cells in compliance with good manufacturing practices (GMPs). Because the current use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to isolate and expand hMuStem cells raises several ethical, safety, and supply concerns, we assessed the use of two alternative xeno-free blood derivatives: human serum (HS) and a human platelet lysate (hPL). METHODS hMuStem cells were isolated and expanded in vitro in either HS-supplemented or hPL-supplemented media and the proliferation rate, clonogenicity, myogenic commitment potential, and oligopotency compared with that observed in FBS-supplemented medium. Flow cytometry and high-throughput 3'-digital gene expression RNA sequencing were used to characterize the phenotype and global gene expression pattern of hMuStem cells cultured with HS or hPL. RESULTS HS-supplemented and hPL-supplemented media both supported the isolation and long-term proliferation of hMuStem cells. Compared with FBS-based medium, both supplements enhanced clonogenicity and allowed for a reduction in growth factor supplementation. Neither supplement altered the cell lineage pattern of hMuStem cells. In vitro differentiation assays revealed a decrease in myogenic commitment and in the fusion ability of hMuStem cells when cultured with hPL. In return, this reduction of myogenic potential in hPL-supplemented cultures was rapidly reversed by substitution of hPL with HS or fibrinogen-depleted hPL. Moreover, culture of hMuStem cells in hPL hydrogel and fibrinogen-depleted hPL demonstrated that myogenic differentiation potential is maintained in heparin-free hPL derivatives. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HS and hPL are efficient and viable alternatives to FBS for the preparation of hMuStem cell batches in compliance with GMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Saury
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, F-59420, Mouvaux, France.,PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Lardenois
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Cindy Schleder
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent David
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, UBL, F-44093, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, F-44093, Nantes, France.,Inserm UMS016, SFR François Bonamy, iPSC Core Facility, Nantes, France.,CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Charrier
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Laëtitia Guével
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sabrina Viau
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, F-59420, Mouvaux, France
| | - Bruno Delorme
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, F-59420, Mouvaux, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France. .,INRA, UMR 703, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Route de Gachet, CS. 40706, F-44307, Nantes, France.
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11
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He Z, Yu Y, Nong Y, Du L, Liu C, Cao Y, Bai L, Tang H. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis via upregulating thioredoxin interacting protein. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1323-1332. [PMID: 28789347 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), a multifunctional protein encoded by the X gene of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is involved in the metastasis of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through various pathways, including upregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key mediator of intracellular ROS, but its function in HBx-mediated metastasis of HBV-associated HCC is elusive. In the present study, HBV-associated HCC tissues with or without metastasis and HepG2 cells were used to study the function of TXNIP in HBx-mediated metastasis of HBV-associated HCC. Initially, the expression levels of TXNIP and HBx in HBV-associated HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that high expression of TXNIP may be an independent risk factor for metastasis of HBV-associated HCC, and the mRNA levels of TXNIP and HBx were positively associated. Secondly, the association between HBx and TXNIP was investigated using a HBx expression stable cell line, in which HBx expression was induced and controlled by doxycycline. The results demonstrated that HBx may upregulate TXNIP expression in HepG2 cells. Thirdly, the effects of TXNIP and HBx on HepG2 cell migration and invasion were studied by scratch and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that TXNIP overexpression enhanced HepG2 cell migration and invasion. In addition, ectopic expression of HBx promoted HepG2 cell migration and invasion, and this effect may be attenuated by knockdown of TXNIP expression, which indicated that TXNIP may be involved in the process. In summary, the present results demonstrated that TXNIP may be involved in HBx-mediated metastasis of HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang He
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Forensic Pathology, Medical School of Basic and Forensic Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Nong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lingyao Du
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Forensic Pathology, Medical School of Basic and Forensic Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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