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Mubuchi A, Takechi M, Nishio S, Matsuda T, Itoh Y, Sato C, Kitajima K, Kitagawa H, Miyata S. Assembly of neuron- and radial glial-cell-derived extracellular matrix molecules promotes radial migration of developing cortical neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP92342. [PMID: 38512724 PMCID: PMC10957175 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Radial neuronal migration is a key neurodevelopmental event for proper cortical laminar organization. The multipolar-to-bipolar transition, a critical step in establishing neuronal polarity during radial migration, occurs in the subplate/intermediate zone (SP/IZ), a distinct region of the embryonic cerebral cortex. It has been known that the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are enriched in the SP/IZ. However, the molecular constitution and functions of the ECM formed in this region remain poorly understood. Here, we identified neurocan (NCAN) as a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the mouse SP/IZ. NCAN binds to both radial glial-cell-derived tenascin-C (TNC) and hyaluronan (HA), a large linear polysaccharide, forming a ternary complex of NCAN, TNC, and HA in the SP/IZ. Developing cortical neurons make contact with the ternary complex during migration. The enzymatic or genetic disruption of the ternary complex impairs radial migration by suppressing the multipolar-to-bipolar transition. Furthermore, both TNC and NCAN promoted the morphological maturation of cortical neurons in vitro. The present results provide evidence for the cooperative role of neuron- and radial glial-cell-derived ECM molecules in cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Mubuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuJapan
| | - Mina Takechi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Shunsuke Nishio
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuJapan
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Menezes A, Julião G, Mariath F, Ferreira AL, Oliveira-Nunes MC, Gallucci L, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, Pereira DDA, Carneiro K. Epigenetic Mechanisms Histone Deacetylase-Dependent Regulate the Glioblastoma Angiogenic Matrisome and Disrupt Endothelial Cell Behavior In Vitro. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100722. [PMID: 38272115 PMCID: PMC10883839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and different efforts have been employed in the search for new drugs and therapeutic protocols for GBM. Epitranscriptomics has shed light on new druggable Epigenetic therapies specifically designed to modulate GBM biology and behavior such as Histone Deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC). Although the effects of iHDAC on GBM have been largely explored, there is a lack of information on the underlaying mechanisms HDAC-dependent that modulate the repertoire of GBM secreted molecules focusing on the set of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) associated proteins, the Matrisome, that may impact the surrounding tumor microenvironment. To acquire a better comprehension of the impacts of HDAC activity on the GBM Matrisome, we studied the alterations on the Matrisome-associated ECM regulators, Core Matrisome ECM glycoproteins, ECM-affiliated proteins and Proteoglycans upon HDAC inhibition in vitro as well as their relationship with glioma pathophysiological/clinical features and angiogenesis. For this, U87MG GBM cells were treated for with iHDAC or vehicle (control) and the whole secretome was processed by Mass Spectrometry NANOLC-MS/MS. In silico analyses revealed that proteins associated to the Angiogenic Matrisome (AngioMatrix), including Decorin, ADAM10, ADAM12 and ADAM15 were differentially regulated in iHDAC versus control secretome. Interestingly, genes coding for the Matrisome proteins differentially regulated were found mutated in patients and were correlated to glioma pathophysiological/clinical features. In vitro functional assays, using HBMEC endothelial cells exposed to the secretome of control or iHDAC treated GBM cells, coupled to 2D and 3D GBM cell culture system, showed impaired migratory capacity of endothelial cells and disrupted tubulogenesis in a Fibronectin and VEGF independent fashion. Collectively, our study provides understanding of epigenetic mechanisms HDAC-dependent to key Matrisomal proteins that may contribute to identify new druggable Epigenetic therapies or gliomagenesis biomarkers with relevant implications to improve therapeutic protocols for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Menezes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina (Anatomia Patológica), UFRJ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Julião
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina (Anatomia Patológica), UFRJ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mariath
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo, UNICAMP/SP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina (Anatomia Patológica), UFRJ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Gallucci
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina (Anatomia Patológica), UFRJ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer- INCA/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina (Anatomia Patológica), UFRJ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Glotzbach K, Faissner A. Substrate-bound and soluble domains of tenascin-C regulate differentiation, proliferation and migration of neural stem and progenitor cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1357499. [PMID: 38425428 PMCID: PMC10902920 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1357499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lack of regenerative capacity of the central nervous system is one of the major challenges nowadays. The knowledge of guidance cues that trigger differentiation, proliferation, and migration of neural stem and progenitor cells is one key element in regenerative medicine. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C (Tnc) is a promising candidate to regulate cell fate due to its expression in the developing central nervous system and in the adult neural stem cell niches. Of special interest are the alternatively spliced fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains of Tnc whose combinatorial diversity could theoretically generate up to 64 isoforms in the mouse. A total of 27 isoforms have already been discovered in the developing brain, among others the domain combinations A1D, CD, and A124BCD. Methods In the present study, these domains as well as the combination of the constitutively expressed FnIII domains 7 and 8 (78) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells as pseudo-antibodies fused to the Fc-fragment of a human immunoglobulin G antibody. The fusion proteins were presented to primary mouse neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) grown as neurospheres, either as coated culture substrates or as soluble additives in vitro. The influence of the domains on the differentiation, proliferation and migration of NSPCs was analyzed. Results We observed that the domain combination A124BCD promoted the differentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes, whereas the domain A1D supported astrocyte differentiation. The constitutively expressed domain 78 had a proliferation and migration stimulating impact. Moreover, most effects were seen only in one of the presentation modes but not in both, suggesting different effects of the Tnc domains in two- and three-dimensional cultures. Discussion This knowledge about the different effect of the Tnc domains might be used to create artificial three-dimensional environments for cell transplantation. Hydrogels spiked with Tnc-domains might represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Li C, Qiu S, Liu X, Guo F, Zhai J, Li Z, Deng L, Ge L, Qian H, Yang L, Xu B. Extracellular matrix-derived mechanical force governs breast cancer cell stemness and quiescence transition through integrin-DDR signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:247. [PMID: 37369642 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as signals that regulate specific cell states in tumor tissues. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular biomechanical force signals are critical in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of ECM-derived biomechanical force on breast cancer cell status. Experiments were conducted using 3D collagen, fibrinogen, and Matrigel matrices to investigate the role of mechanical force in tumor development. Integrin-cytoskeleton-AIRE and DDR-STAT signals were examined using RNA sequencing and western blotting. Data from 1358 patients and 86 clinical specimens were used for ECM signature-prognosis analysis. Our findings revealed that ECM-derived mechanical force regulated tumor stemness and cell quiescence in breast cancer cells. A mechanical force of ~45 Pa derived from the extracellular substrate activated integrin β1/3 receptors, stimulating stem cell signaling pathways through the cytoskeleton/AIRE axis and promoting tumorigenic potential and stem-like phenotypes. However, excessive mechanical force (450 Pa) could drive stem-like cancer cells into a quiescent state, with the removal of mechanical forces leading to vigorous proliferation in quiescent cancer stem cells. Mechanical force facilitated cell cycle arrest to induce quiescence, dependent on DDR2/STAT1/P27 signaling. Therefore, ECM-derived mechanical force governs breast cancer cell status and proliferative characteristics through stiffness alterations. We further established an ECM signature based on the fibrinogen/fibronectin/vitronectin/elastin axis, which efficiently predicts patient prognosis in breast cancer. Our findings highlight the vital role of ECM-derived mechanical force in governing breast cancer cell stemness/quiescence transition and suggest the novel use of ECM signature in predicting the clinical prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Fengzhu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingtong Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Linghui Deng
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Manikandan C, Jaiswal AK. Scaffold-based spheroid models of glioblastoma multiforme and its use in drug screening. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37366303 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Among several types of brain cancers, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a terminal and aggressive disease with a median survival of 15 months despite the most intensive surgery and chemotherapy. Preclinical models that accurately reproduce the tumor microenvironment are vital for developing new therapeutic alternatives. Understanding the complicated interactions between cells and their surroundings is essential to comprehend the tumor's microenvironment, however the monolayer cell culture approach falls short. Numerous approaches are used to develop GBM cells into tumor spheroids, while scaffold-based spheroids provides the opportunity to investigate the synergies between cells as well as cells and the matrix. This review summarizes the development of various scaffold-based GBM spheroid models and the prospective for their use as drug testing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceera Manikandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Wu X, Wang H, Li S, Luo H, Liu F. Mining glycosylation-related prognostic lncRNAs and constructing a prognostic model for overall survival prediction in glioma: A study based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33569. [PMID: 37145002 PMCID: PMC10158895 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in the development of glioma. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), functional RNA molecules without protein-coding ability, regulate gene expression and participate in malignant glioma progression. However, it remains unclear how lncRNAs are involved in glycosylation glioma malignancy. Identification of prognostic glycosylation-related lncRNAs in gliomas is necessary. We collected RNA-seq data and clinicopathological information of glioma patients from the cancer genome atlas and Chinese glioma genome atlas. We used the "limma" package to explore glycosylation-related gene and screened related lncRNAs from abnormally glycosylated genes. Using univariate Cox analyses Regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses, we constructed a risk signature with 7 glycosylation-related lncRNAs. Based on the median risk score (RS), patients with gliomas were divided into low- and high-risk subgroups with different overall survival rates. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses regression analyses were performed to assess the independent prognostic ability of the RS. Twenty glycosylation-related lncRNAs were identified by univariate Cox regression analyses. Two glioma subgroups were identified using consistent protein clustering, with the prognosis of the former being better than that of the latter. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis identified 7 survival RSs for glycosylation-related lncRNAs, which were identified as independent prognostic markers and predictors of glioma clinicopathological features. Glycosylation-related lncRNAs play an important role in the malignant development of gliomas and may help guide treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Operation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Shiqi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haitao Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang X, Mao X. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Development of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092613. [PMID: 37174078 PMCID: PMC10177528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is recognized as the most malignant brain tumor with a high level of hypoxia, containing a small population of glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). These GSCs have the capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, invasion and recapitulating the parent tumor, and are major causes of radio-and chemoresistance of GBM. Upregulated expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia fundamentally contributes to maintenance and progression of GSCs. Therefore, we thoroughly reviewed the currently acknowledged roles of hypoxia-associated GSCs in development of GBM. In detail, we recapitulated general features of GBM, especially GSC-related features, and delineated essential responses resulted from interactions between GSC and hypoxia, including hypoxia-induced signatures, genes and pathways, and hypoxia-regulated metabolic alterations. Five hypothesized GSC niches are discussed and integrated into one comprehensive concept: hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche of GSCs. Autophagy, another protective mechanism against chemotherapy, is also closely related to hypoxia and is a potential therapeutic target for GBM. In addition, potential causes of therapeutic resistance (chemo-, radio-, surgical-, immuno-), and chemotherapeutic agents which can improve the therapeutic effects of chemo-, radio-, or immunotherapy are introduced and discussed. At last, as a potential approach to reverse the hypoxic microenvironment in GBM, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be an adjuvant therapy to chemo-and radiotherapy after surgery. In conclusion, we focus on demonstrating the important role of hypoxia on development of GBM, especially by affecting the function of GSCs. Important advantages have been made to understand the complicated responses induced by hypoxia in GBM. Further exploration of targeting hypoxia and GSCs can help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Behrooz AB, Latifi-Navid H, Nezhadi A, Świat M, Los M, Jamalpoor Z, Ghavami S. Molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119482. [PMID: 37146725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is human's most prevalent and severe brain cancer. Epigenetic regulators, micro(mi)RNAs, significantly impact cellular health and disease because of their wide range of targets and functions. The "epigenetic symphony" in which miRNAs perform is responsible for orchestrating the transcription of genetic information. The discovery of regulatory miRNA activities in GBM biology has shown that various miRNAs play a vital role in disease onset and development. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the interactions between miRNAs and molecular mechanisms commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis. Moreover, by literature review and reconstruction of the GBM gene regulatory network, we uncovered the connection between miRNAs and critical signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, invasion, and cell death, which provides promising hints for identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. In addition, the role of miRNAs in GBM patient survival was investigated. The present review, which contains new analyses of the previous literature, may lead to new avenues to explore in the future for the development of multitargeted miRNA-based therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Świat
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Arifianto MR, Meizikri R, Haq IBI, Susilo RI, Wahyuhadi J, Hermanto Y, Faried A. Emerging hallmark of gliomas microenvironment in evading immunity: a basic concept. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the last decade, since clinical trials examining targeted therapeutics for gliomas have failed to demonstrate a meaningful increase in survival, the emphasis has recently been switched toward innovative techniques for modulating the immune response against tumors and their microenvironments (TME). Cancerous cells have eleven hallmarks which make it distinct from normal ones, among which is immune evasion. Immune evasion in glioblastoma helps it evade various treatment modalities.
Summary
Glioblastoma’s TME is composed of various array of cellular actors, ranging from peripherally derived immune cells to a variety of organ-resident specialized cell types. For example, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a selective barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain, which effectively separates it from other tissues. It is capable of blocking around 98% of molecules that transport different medications to the target tumor.
Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to offer a concise overview of fundamental immunology and how ‘clever’ gliomas avoid the immune system despite the discovery of immunotherapy for glioma.
Conclusions
Herein, we highlight the complex interplay of the tumor, the TME, and the nearby normal structures makes it difficult to grasp how to approach the tumor itself. Numerous researchers have found that the brain TME is a critical regulator of glioma growth and treatment efficacy.
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Message in a Scaffold: Natural Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting of Human Brain Organoids. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010025. [PMID: 36671410 PMCID: PMC9855696 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids are invaluable tools for pathophysiological studies or drug screening, but there are still challenges to overcome in making them more reproducible and relevant. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of human neural organoids is an emerging approach that may overcome the limitations of self-organized organoids. It requires the development of optimal hydrogels, and a wealth of research has improved our knowledge about biomaterials both in terms of their intrinsic properties and their relevance on 3D culture of brain cells and tissue. Although biomaterials are rarely biologically neutral, few articles have reviewed their roles on neural cells. We here review the current knowledge on unmodified biomaterials amenable to support 3D bioprinting of neural organoids with a particular interest in their impact on cell homeostasis. Alginate is a particularly suitable bioink base for cell encapsulation. Gelatine is a valuable helper agent for 3D bioprinting due to its viscosity. Collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid and laminin provide biological support to adhesion, motility, differentiation or synaptogenesis and optimize the 3D culture of neural cells. Optimization of specialized hydrogels to direct differentiation of stem cells together with an increased resolution in phenotype analysis will further extend the spectrum of possible bioprinted brain disease models.
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Strokotova AV, Grigorieva EV. Glucocorticoid Effects on Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415678. [PMID: 36555315 PMCID: PMC9778983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play diverse roles in numerous normal and pathological processes. They are actively used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, cancers, and COVID-19, among others. However, the long-term use of glucocorticoids is associated with numerous side effects. Molecular mechanisms of these negative side effects are not completely understood. Recently, arguments have been made that one such mechanisms may be related to the influence of glucocorticoids on O-glycosylated components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, in particular on proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. The potential toxic effects of glucocorticoids on these glycosylated macromolecules are particularly meaningful for brain physiology because proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans are the main extracellular components of brain tissue. Here, we aim to review the known effects of glucocorticoids on proteoglycan expression and glycosaminoglycan content in different tissues, with a specific focus on the brain.
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Fu Z, Zhu G, Luo C, Chen Z, Dou Z, Chen Y, Zhong C, Su S, Liu F. Matricellular protein tenascin C: Implications in glioma progression, gliomagenesis, and treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971462. [PMID: 36033448 PMCID: PMC9413079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are nonstructural extracellular matrix components that are expressed at low levels in normal adult tissues and are upregulated during development or under pathological conditions. Tenascin C (TNC), a matricellular protein, is a hexameric and multimodular glycoprotein with different molecular forms that is produced by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer of the central nervous system. Despite continued advances in multimodal therapy, the prognosis of gliomas remains poor. The main reasons for such poor outcomes are the heterogeneity and adaptability caused by the tumor microenvironment and glioma stem cells. It has been shown that TNC is present in the glioma microenvironment and glioma stem cell niches, and that it promotes malignant properties, such as neovascularization, proliferation, invasiveness, and immunomodulation. TNC is abundantly expressed in neural stem cell niches and plays a role in neurogenesis. Notably, there is increasing evidence showing that neural stem cells in the subventricular zone may be the cells of origin of gliomas. Here, we review the evidence regarding the role of TNC in glioma progression, propose a potential association between TNC and gliomagenesis, and summarize its clinical applications. Collectively, TNC is an appealing focus for advancing our understanding of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganggui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuyi Liu,
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Protein Profiling of WERI-RB1 and Etoposide-Resistant WERI-ETOR Reveals New Insights into Topoisomerase Inhibitor Resistance in Retinoblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074058. [PMID: 35409416 PMCID: PMC9000009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is one of the reasons for eye loss in patients with retinoblastoma (RB). RB chemotherapy resistance has been studied in different cell culture models, such as WERI-RB1. In addition, chemotherapy-resistant RB subclones, such as the etoposide-resistant WERI-ETOR cell line have been established to improve the understanding of chemotherapy resistance in RB. The objective of this study was to characterize cell line models of an etoposide-sensitive WERI-RB1 and its etoposide-resistant subclone, WERI-ETOR, by proteomic analysis. Subsequently, quantitative proteomics data served for correlation analysis with known drug perturbation profiles. Methodically, WERI-RB1 and WERI-ETOR were cultured, and prepared for quantitative mass spectrometry (MS). This was carried out in a data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode. The raw SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra) files were processed using neural networks in a library-free mode along with machine-learning algorithms. Pathway-enrichment analysis was performed using the REACTOME-pathway resource, and correlated to the molecular signature database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collections for functional annotation. Furthermore, a drug-connectivity analysis using the L1000 database was carried out to associate the mechanism of action (MOA) for different anticancer reagents to WERI-RB1/WERI-ETOR signatures. A total of 4756 proteins were identified across all samples, showing a distinct clustering between the groups. Of these proteins, 64 were significantly altered (q < 0.05 & log2FC |>2|, 22 higher in WERI-ETOR). Pathway analysis revealed the “retinoid metabolism and transport” pathway as an enriched metabolic pathway in WERI-ETOR cells, while the “sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis” pathway was identified in the WERI-RB1 cell line. In addition, this study revealed similar protein signatures of topoisomerase inhibitors in WERI-ETOR cells as well as ATPase inhibitors, acetylcholine receptor antagonists, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors in the WERI-RB1 cell line. In this study, WERI-RB1 and WERI-ETOR were analyzed as a cell line model for chemotherapy resistance in RB using data-independent MS. Analysis of the global proteome identified activation of “sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis” in WERI-RB1, and revealed future potential treatment options for etoposide resistance in RB.
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14
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Sethi MK, Downs M, Shao C, Hackett WE, Phillips JJ, Zaia J. In-Depth Matrisome and Glycoproteomic Analysis of Human Brain Glioblastoma Versus Control Tissue. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100216. [PMID: 35202840 PMCID: PMC8957055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. The extracellular matrix, also known as the matrisome, helps determine glioma invasion, adhesion, and growth. Little attention, however, has been paid to glycosylation of the extracellular matrix components that constitute the majority of glycosylated protein mass and presumed biological properties. To acquire a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of the matrisome and its components, including proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in GBM tumorigenesis, and to identify potential biomarker candidates, we studied the alterations of GAGs, including heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), the core proteins of PGs, and other glycosylated matrisomal proteins in GBM subtypes versus control human brain tissue samples. We scrutinized the proteomics data to acquire in-depth site-specific glycoproteomic profiles of the GBM subtypes that will assist in identifying specific glycosylation changes in GBM. We observed an increase in CS 6-O sulfation and a decrease in HS 6-O sulfation, accompanied by an increase in unsulfated CS and HS disaccharides in GBM versus control samples. Several core matrisome proteins, including PGs (decorin, biglycan, agrin, prolargin, glypican-1, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4), tenascin, fibronectin, hyaluronan link protein 1 and 2, laminins, and collagens, were differentially regulated in GBM versus controls. Interestingly, a higher degree of collagen hydroxyprolination was also observed for GBM versus controls. Further, two PGs, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 and agrin, were significantly lower, about 6-fold for isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant, compared to the WT GBM samples. Differential regulation of O-glycopeptides for PGs, including brevican, neurocan, and versican, was observed for GBM subtypes versus controls. Moreover, an increase in levels of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase enzymes was observed for GBM when compared to control samples. We also report distinct protein, peptide, and glycopeptide features for GBM subtypes comparisons. Taken together, our study informs understanding of the alterations to key matrisomal molecules that occur during GBM development. (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028931, and the peaks project file is available at Zenodo with DOI 10.5281/zenodo.5911810).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret Downs
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chun Shao
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William E Hackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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Shmelev ME, Titov SI, Belousov AS, Farniev VM, Zhmenia VM, Lanskikh DV, Penkova AO, Kumeiko VV. Cell and Tissue Nanomechanics: From Early Development to Carcinogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020345. [PMID: 35203554 PMCID: PMC8961777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell and tissue nanomechanics, being inspired by progress in high-resolution physical mapping, has recently burst into biomedical research, discovering not only new characteristics of normal and diseased tissues, but also unveiling previously unknown mechanisms of pathological processes. Some parallels can be drawn between early development and carcinogenesis. Early embryogenesis, up to the blastocyst stage, requires a soft microenvironment and internal mechanical signals induced by the contractility of the cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton, stimulating quick cell divisions. During further development from the blastocyst implantation to placenta formation, decidua stiffness is increased ten-fold when compared to non-pregnant endometrium. Organogenesis is mediated by mechanosignaling inspired by intercellular junction formation with the involvement of mechanotransduction from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Carcinogenesis dramatically changes the mechanical properties of cells and their microenvironment, generally reproducing the structural properties and molecular organization of embryonic tissues, but with a higher stiffness of the ECM and higher cellular softness and fluidity. These changes are associated with the complete rearrangement of the entire tissue skeleton involving the ECM, cytoskeleton, and the nuclear scaffold, all integrated with each other in a joint network. The important changes occur in the cancer stem-cell niche responsible for tumor promotion and metastatic growth. We expect that the promising concept based on the natural selection of cancer cells fixing the most invasive phenotypes and genotypes by reciprocal regulation through ECM-mediated nanomechanical feedback loop can be exploited to create new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E. Shmelev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Sergei I. Titov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Andrei S. Belousov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Vladislav M. Farniev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Valeriia M. Zhmenia
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Daria V. Lanskikh
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Alina O. Penkova
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Vadim V. Kumeiko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.E.S.); (S.I.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.M.F.); (V.M.Z.); (D.V.L.); (A.O.P.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9-02-555-1821
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16
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Wang L, Zhi X, Lu Y, Cong Y, Fu Z, Cao J, Xu S, Lv J, Ruan H. Identification of microRNA expression profiles of CD44+ ovarian cancer stem cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:461-472. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Bhargav AG, Domino JS, Chamoun R, Thomas SM. Mechanical Properties in the Glioma Microenvironment: Emerging Insights and Theranostic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805628. [PMID: 35127517 PMCID: PMC8813748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas represent the most common malignant primary brain tumors, and a high-grade subset of these tumors including glioblastoma are particularly refractory to current standard-of-care therapies including maximal surgical resection and chemoradiation. The prognosis of patients with these tumors continues to be poor with existing treatments and understanding treatment failure is required. The dynamic interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment has been increasingly recognized as a key mechanism by which cellular adaptation, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance develops. Beyond ongoing lines of investigation into the peritumoral cellular milieu and microenvironmental architecture, recent studies have identified the growing role of mechanical properties of the microenvironment. Elucidating the impact of these biophysical factors on disease heterogeneity is crucial for designing durable therapies and may offer novel approaches for intervention and disease monitoring. Specifically, pharmacologic targeting of mechanical signal transduction substrates such as specific ion channels that have been implicated in glioma progression or the development of agents that alter the mechanical properties of the microenvironment to halt disease progression have the potential to be promising treatment strategies based on early studies. Similarly, the development of technology to measure mechanical properties of the microenvironment in vitro and in vivo and simulate these properties in bioengineered models may facilitate the use of mechanical properties as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers that can guide treatment. Here, we review current perspectives on the influence of mechanical properties in glioma with a focus on biophysical features of tumor-adjacent tissue, the role of fluid mechanics, and mechanisms of mechanical signal transduction. We highlight the implications of recent discoveries for novel diagnostics, therapeutic targets, and accurate preclinical modeling of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adip G. Bhargav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Joseph S. Domino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Roukoz Chamoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sufi M. Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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18
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Garnier D, Ratcliffe E, Briand J, Cartron PF, Oliver L, Vallette FM. The Activation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Glioblastoma Microvesicles Alters Their Exosomal Secretion of miR-100-5p, miR-9-5p and let-7d-5p. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010112. [PMID: 35052791 PMCID: PMC8773192 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, and despite initial response to chemo- and radio-therapy, the persistence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) unfortunately always results in tumor recurrence. It is now largely admitted that tumor cells recruit normal cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and components of their environment, to participate in tumor progression, building up what is called the tumor microenvironment (TME). While growth factors and cytokines constitute essential messengers to pass on signals between tumor and TME, recent uncovering of extracellular vesicles (EVs), composed of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, opened new perspectives to define the modalities of this communication. In the GBM context particularly, we investigated what could be the nature of the EV exchange between GSCs and MSCs. We show that GSCs MVs can activate MSCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-like cells, that subsequently increase their secretion of exosomes. Moreover, a significant decrease in anti-tumoral miR-100-5p, miR-9-5p and let-7d-5p was observed in these exosomes. This clearly suggests a miRNA-mediated GBM tumor promotion by MSCs exosomes, after their activation by GBM MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Garnier
- CRCINA INSERM U1232, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (E.R.); (J.B.); (P.-F.C.); (L.O.); (F.M.V.)
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward Ratcliffe
- CRCINA INSERM U1232, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (E.R.); (J.B.); (P.-F.C.); (L.O.); (F.M.V.)
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
| | - Joséphine Briand
- CRCINA INSERM U1232, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (E.R.); (J.B.); (P.-F.C.); (L.O.); (F.M.V.)
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCINA INSERM U1232, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (E.R.); (J.B.); (P.-F.C.); (L.O.); (F.M.V.)
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA INSERM U1232, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (E.R.); (J.B.); (P.-F.C.); (L.O.); (F.M.V.)
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
| | - François M. Vallette
- CRCINA INSERM U1232, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (E.R.); (J.B.); (P.-F.C.); (L.O.); (F.M.V.)
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L’Ouest, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
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DePalma TJ, Sivakumar H, Skardal A. Strategies for developing complex multi-component in vitro tumor models: Highlights in glioblastoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114067. [PMID: 34822927 PMCID: PMC10560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research groups have begun to utilize bioengineered in vitro models of cancer to study mechanisms of disease progression, test drug candidates, and develop platforms to advance personalized drug treatment options. Due to advances in cell and tissue engineering over the last few decades, there are now a myriad of tools that can be used to create such in vitro systems. In this review, we describe the considerations one must take when developing model systems that accurately mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) and can be used to answer specific scientific questions. We will summarize the importance of cell sourcing in models with one or multiple cell types and outline the importance of choosing biomaterials that accurately mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor or tissue that is being modeled. We then provide examples of how these two components can be used in concert in a variety of model form factors and conclude by discussing how biofabrication techniques such as bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip fabrication can be used to create highly reproducible complex in vitro models. Since this topic has a broad range of applications, we use the final section of the review to dive deeper into one type of cancer, glioblastoma, to illustrate how these components come together to further our knowledge of cancer biology and move us closer to developing novel drugs and systems that improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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20
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The expression of tenascin-C in neural stem/progenitor cells is stimulated by the growth factors EGF and FGF-2, but not by TGFβ1. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:659-674. [PMID: 34309729 PMCID: PMC8526465 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) rely on internal and external cues determining their lineage decisions during brain development. The progenitor cells of the embryonic mammalian forebrain reside in the ventricular and subventricular zones of the lateral ventricles, where they proliferate, generate neurons and glial cells, and respond to external cues like growth factors. The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounds NSPCs and influences the cell fate by providing mechanical scaffold, trophic support, and instructive signals. The ECM molecule tenascin-C (Tnc) is expressed in the proliferative zones of the developing forebrain and involved in the proliferation and maturation of NSPCs. Here, we analyzed the regulation of the Tnc gene expression by NSPCs cultivated under the influence of different growth factors. We observed that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 strongly increased the expression of Tnc, whereas the transforming growth factor (TGF)β 1 had no effect on Tnc gene expression, in contrast to previous findings in cell cultures of neural and non-neural origin. The stimulation of the Tnc gene expression induced by EGF or FGF-2 was reversible and seen in constantly treated as well as short term stimulated NSPC cultures. The activation depended on the presence of the respective receptors, which was slightly different in cortical and striatal NSPC cultures. Our results confirm the influence of extracellular stimuli regulating the expression of factors that form a niche for NSPCs during embryonic forebrain development.
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21
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Chen L, Ma H, Li K, Song X, Zeng X. Liver extracellular matrix hydrogel-based three-dimensional culture system of HepG2 cells to enhance cancer stem cell properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112119. [PMID: 34082936 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Both extracellular matrix (ECM) components and three-dimensional (3D) structure play important roles in the expression and maintenance of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Considering the excellent biophysical and biochemical properties of hydrogels, the objective of this study was to develop a 3D cell culture system based on liver ECM hydrogel (LEMH) to enhance CSC properties. Results showed that LEMH was devoid of cellular materials but contained the main components of the liver ECM. HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells cultured in LEMH displayed cluster growth and formed multilayer 3D cell structures with increased expression of hepatocyte-specific genes compared to two-dimensional (2D) cells. In addition, enhanced CSC characteristics, including migration, self-renewal and drug-resistance, were observed in 3D cells. More importantly, inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin gallate on CSC self-renewal and metastatic characteristics were observed, confirming the applicability of the LEMH-based 3D model for the research and development of CSC-specific drugs. These findings suggest that LEMH-based 3D culture offers a simple and efficient platform to enhance CSC properties in vitro, thereby providing a novel approach for exploring CSC-specific agents and chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Huijing Ma
- Library, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Kaiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xinqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China; College of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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22
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Kajtez J, Nilsson F, Fiorenzano A, Parmar M, Emnéus J. 3D biomaterial models of human brain disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105043. [PMID: 33887378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inherent limitations of the traditional approaches to study brain function and disease, such as rodent models and 2D cell culture platforms, have led to the development of 3D in vitro cell culture systems. These systems, products of multidisciplinary efforts encompassing stem cell biology, materials engineering, and biofabrication, have quickly shown great potential to mimic biochemical composition, structural properties, and cellular morphology and diversity found in the native brain tissue. Crucial to these developments have been the advancements in stem cell technology and cell reprogramming protocols that allow reproducible generation of human subtype-specific neurons and glia in laboratory conditions. At the same time, biomaterials have been designed to provide cells in 3D with a microenvironment that mimics functional and structural aspects of the native extracellular matrix with increasing fidelity. In this article, we review the use of biomaterials in 3D in vitro models of neurological disorders with focus on hydrogel technology and with biochemical composition and physical properties of the in vivo environment as reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kajtez
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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Liu HL, Wang YN, Feng SY. Brain tumors: Cancer stem-like cells interact with tumor microenvironment. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1439-1454. [PMID: 33505594 PMCID: PMC7789119 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) with potential of self-renewal drive tumorigenesis. Brain tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified as a critical regulator of malignancy progression. Many researchers are searching new ways to characterize tumors with the goal of predicting how they respond to treatment. Here, we describe the striking parallels between normal stem cells and CSCs. We review the microenvironmental aspects of brain tumors, in particular composition and vital roles of immune cells infiltrating glioma and medulloblastoma. By highlighting that CSCs cooperate with TME via various cellular communication approaches, we discuss the recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting the components of TME. Identification of the complex and interconnected factors can facilitate the development of promising treatments for these deadly malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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25
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Daisy Precilla S, Kuduvalli SS, Thirugnanasambandhar Sivasubramanian A. Disentangling the therapeutic tactics in GBM: From bench to bedside and beyond. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:18-53. [PMID: 33049091 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant form of adult brain tumor with a high mortality rate and dismal prognosis. The present standard treatment comprising surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy using temozolomide can broaden patient's survival to some extent. However, the advantages are not palliative due to the development of resistance to the drug and tumor recurrence following the multimodal treatment approaches due to both intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM. One of the major contributors to temozolomide resistance is O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. Furthermore, deficiency of mismatch repair, base excision repair, and cytoprotective autophagy adds to temozolomide obstruction. Rising proof additionally showed that a small population of cells displaying certain stem cell markers, known as glioma stem cells, adds on to the resistance and tumor progression. Collectively, these findings necessitate the discovery of novel therapeutic avenues for treating glioblastoma. As of late, after understanding the pathophysiology and biology of GBM, some novel therapeutic discoveries, such as drug repurposing, targeted molecules, immunotherapies, antimitotic therapies, and microRNAs, have been developed as new potential treatments for glioblastoma. To help illustrate, "what are the mechanisms of resistance to temozolomide" and "what kind of alternative therapeutics can be suggested" with this fatal disease, a detailed history of these has been discussed in this review article, all with a hope to develop an effective treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Daisy Precilla
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shreyas S Kuduvalli
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
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26
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Chu HY, Chen YJ, Hsu CJ, Liu YW, Chiou JF, Lu LS, Tseng FG. Physical Cues in the Microenvironment Regulate Stemness-Dependent Homing of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2176. [PMID: 32764400 PMCID: PMC7464848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific microenvironmental factors contribute to the targeting preferences of metastatic cancers. However, the physical attributes of the premetastatic microenvironment are not yet fully characterized. In this research, we develop a transwell-based alginate hydrogel (TAH) model to study how permeability, stiffness, and roughness of a hanging alginate hydrogel regulate breast cancer cell homing. In this model, a layer of physically characterized alginate hydrogel is formed at the bottom of a transwell insert, which is placed into a matching culture well with an adherent monolayer of breast cancer cells. We found that breast cancer cells dissociate from the monolayer and home to the TAH for continual growth. The process is facilitated by the presence of rich serum in the upper chamber, the increased stiffness of the gel, as well as its surface roughness. This model is able to support the homing ability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells drifting across the vertical distance in the culture medium. Cells homing to the TAH display stemness phenotype morphologically and biochemically. Taken together, these findings suggest that permeability, stiffness, and roughness are important physical factors to regulate breast cancer homing to a premetastatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yao Chu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yin-Ju Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jieh Hsu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yang-Wei Liu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-F.C.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-J.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Department of Engineering and System Science, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Kohata T, Ito S, Masuda T, Furuta T, Nakada M, Ohtsuki S. Laminin Subunit Alpha-4 and Osteopontin Are Glioblastoma-Selective Secreted Proteins That Are Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Glioblastoma Patients. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3542-3553. [PMID: 32628487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. The purpose of the present study was to identify GBM cell-selective secreted proteins by analyzing conditioned media (CM) from GBM, breast, and colon cancer cell lines using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) and targeted proteomics. We identified 2371 proteins in the CM from GBM and the other cancer cell lines. Among the proteins identified, 15 showed significantly higher expression in the CM from GBM cell lines than in those from other cancer cell lines. These GBM-selective secreted proteins were further quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with GBM. Laminin subunit alpha-4 (LAMA4) and osteopontin (OPN) had increased expression levels in the CSF from GBM patients compared to those from non-brain tumor patients. In addition, the areas under the curves in a receiver operating characteristic analysis of LAMA4 and OPN were greater than 0.9, allowing for discrimination of GBM patients from non-brain tumor patients. The CSF levels of LAMA4 and OPN were also significantly correlated with the GBM tumor volume. These results suggest that LAMA4 and OPN are secreted from GBM cells into the CSF and appear to be candidates as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kohata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Takechi M, Oshima K, Nadano D, Kitagawa H, Matsuda T, Miyata S. A pericellular hyaluronan matrix is required for the morphological maturation of cortical neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129679. [PMID: 32623025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is involved in many cellular functions. In the adult brain, HA forms macromolecular aggregates around synapses and plays important roles in neural plasticity. In contrast to the well-characterized function of HA in the adult brain, its roles in the developing brain remain largely unknown. METHODS Biochemical and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze the amount, solubility, and localization of HA in the developing mouse brain. By combining in utero labeling, cell isolation, and in vitro cultures, we examined the expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) and morphological maturation of cortical neurons. RESULTS The amount of HA increased during perinatal development and decreased in the adult. HA existed as a soluble form in the early stages; however, its solubility markedly decreased during postnatal development. HA localized in cell-sparse regions in the embryonic stages, but was broadly distributed during the postnatal development of the cerebral cortex. Developing cortical neurons expressed both Has2 and Has3, but not Has1, suggesting the autonomous production of HA by neurons themselves. HA formed a pericellular matrix around the cell bodies and neurites of developing cortical neurons, and the inhibition of HA synthesis reduced neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSION The formation of the pericellular HA matrix is essential for the proper morphological maturation of developing neurons. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new insights into the roles of hyaluronan in the brain. DEVELOPMENT
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Takechi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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29
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Cellular Plasticity and Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas: The Struggle to Hit a Moving Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061622. [PMID: 32570988 PMCID: PMC7352204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors encompass a diverse group of neoplasias arising from different cell lineages. Tumors of glial origin have been the subject of intense research because of their rapid and fatal progression. From a clinical point of view, complete surgical resection of gliomas is highly difficult. Moreover, the remaining tumor cells are resistant to traditional therapies such as radio- or chemotherapy and tumors always recur. Here we have revised the new genetic and epigenetic classification of gliomas and the description of the different transcriptional subtypes. In order to understand the progression of the different gliomas we have focused on the interaction of the plastic tumor cells with their vasculature-rich microenvironment and with their distinct immune system. We believe that a comprehensive characterization of the glioma microenvironment will shed some light into why these tumors behave differently from other cancers. Furthermore, a novel classification of gliomas that could integrate the genetic background and the cellular ecosystems could have profound implications in the efficiency of current therapies as well as in the development of new treatments.
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30
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Reinhard J, Wagner N, Krämer MM, Jarocki M, Joachim SC, Dick HB, Faissner A, Kakkassery V. Expression Changes and Impact of the Extracellular Matrix on Etoposide Resistant Human Retinoblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124322. [PMID: 32560557 PMCID: PMC7352646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) represents the most common malignant childhood eye tumor worldwide. Several studies indicate that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, recent studies indicate that the ECM composition might influence the development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible expression differences in the ECM compartment of the parental human cell lines WERI-RB1 (retinoblastoma 1) and Y79 and their Etoposide resistant subclones via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Western blot analyses were performed to analyze protein levels. To explore the influence of ECM molecules on RB cell proliferation, death, and cluster formation, WERI-RB1 and resistant WERI-ETOR cells were cultivated on Fibronectin, Laminin, Tenascin-C, and Collagen IV and analyzed via time-lapse video microscopy as well as immunocytochemistry. We revealed a significantly reduced mRNA expression of the proteoglycans Brevican, Neurocan, and Versican in resistant WERI-ETOR compared to sensitive WERI-RB1 cells. Also, for the glycoproteins α1-Laminin, Fibronectin, Tenascin-C, and Tenascin-R as well as Collagen IV, reduced expression levels were observed in WERI-ETOR. Furthermore, a downregulation was detected for the matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, the tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP2, the Integrin receptor subunits ITGA4, ITGA5 and ITGB1, and all receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ isoforms. Downregulation of Brevican, Collagen IV, Tenascin-R, MMP2, TIMP2, and ITGA5 was also verified in Etoposide resistant Y79 cells compared to sensitive ones. Protein levels of Tenascin-C and MMP-2 were comparable in both WERI cell lines. Interestingly, Fibronectin displayed an apoptosis-inducing effect on WERI-RB1 cells, whereas an anti-apoptotic influence was observed for Tenascin-C. Conversely, proliferation of WERI-ETOR cells was enhanced on Tenascin-C, while an anti-proliferative effect was observed on Fibronectin. In WERI-ETOR, cluster formation was decreased on the substrates Collagen IV, Fibronectin, and Tenascin-C. Collectively, we noted a different ECM mRNA expression and behavior of Etoposide resistant compared to sensitive RB cells. These findings may indicate a key role of ECM components in chemotherapy resistance formation of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (V.K.); Tel.: +49-234-32-24-314 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43911 (V.K.); Fax: +49-234-32-143-13 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43914 (V.K.)
| | - Natalie Wagner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Miriam M. Krämer
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Marvin Jarocki
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.C.J.); (H.B.D.)
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.C.J.); (H.B.D.)
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.C.J.); (H.B.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (V.K.); Tel.: +49-234-32-24-314 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43911 (V.K.); Fax: +49-234-32-143-13 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43914 (V.K.)
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Identification of candidate aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes in Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9735. [PMID: 32546690 PMCID: PMC7297810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylated genes (DMGs) play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to integrate three cohorts profile datasets to ascertain aberrant methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with ESCC by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We downloaded data of gene expression microarrays (GSE20347, GSE38129) and gene methylation microarrays (GSE52826) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Aberrantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by GEO2R tool. The David database was then used to perform Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses on selected genes. STRING and Cytoscape software were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, then the modules in the PPI networks were analyzed with MCODE and the hub genes chose from the PPI networks were verified by Oncomine and TCGA database. In total, 291 hypomethylation-high expression genes and 168 hypermethylation-low expression genes were identified at the screening step, and finally found six mostly changed hub genes including KIF14, CDK1, AURKA, LCN2, TGM1, and DSG1. Pathway analysis indicated that aberrantly methylated DEGs mainly associated with the P13K-AKT signaling, cAMP signaling and cell cycle process. After validation in multiple databases, most hub genes remained significant. Patients with high expression of AURKA were associated with shorter overall survival. To summarize, we have identified six feasible aberrant methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in ESCC by bioinformatics analysis, potentially providing valuable information for the molecular mechanisms of ESCC. Our data combined the analysis of gene expression profiling microarrays and gene methylation profiling microarrays, simultaneously, and in this way, it can shed a light for screening and diagnosis of ESCC in future.
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32
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Hassan G, Seno M. Blood and Cancer: Cancer Stem Cells as Origin of Hematopoietic Cells in Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051293. [PMID: 32455995 PMCID: PMC7290570 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The concepts of hematopoiesis and the generation of blood and immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells are some steady concepts in the field of hematology. However, the knowledge of hematopoietic cells arising from solid tumor cancer stem cells is novel. In the solid tumor microenvironment, hematopoietic cells play pivotal roles in tumor growth and progression. Recent studies have reported that solid tumor cancer cells or cancer stem cells could differentiate into hematopoietic cells. Here, we discuss efforts and research that focused on the presence of hematopoietic cells in tumor microenvironments. We also discuss hematopoiesis from solid tumor cancer stem cells and clarify the notion of differentiation of solid tumor cancer stem cells into non-cancer hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus 10769, Syria
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-251-8216
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33
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Roll L, Eysel UT, Faissner A. Laser Lesion in the Mouse Visual Cortex Induces a Stem Cell Niche-Like Extracellular Matrix, Produced by Immature Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:102. [PMID: 32508592 PMCID: PMC7253582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by a severely limited regeneration capacity. Comparison with lower species like amphibians, which are able to restore even complex tissues after damage, indicates the presence of an inhibitory environment that restricts the cellular response in mammals. In this context, signals provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important regulators of events like cell survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation or neurite outgrowth. Therefore, knowledge of the post-lesional ECM and of cells that produce these factors might support development of new treatment strategies for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury and other types of CNS damage. In the present study, we analyzed the surround of focal infrared laser lesions of the adult mouse visual cortex. This lesion paradigm avoids direct contact with the brain, as the laser beam passes the intact bone. Cell type-specific markers revealed a distinct spatial distribution of different astroglial subtypes in the penumbra after injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as marker for reactive astrocytes was found broadly up-regulated, whereas the more immature markers vimentin and nestin were only expressed by a subset of cells. Dividing astrocytes could be identified via the proliferation marker Ki-67. Different ECM molecules, among others the neural stem cell-associated glycoprotein tenascin-C and the DSD-1 chondroitin sulfate epitope, were found on astrocytes in the penumbra. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) and aggrecan as markers for perineuronal nets, a specialized ECM limiting synaptic plasticity, appeared normal in the vicinity of the necrotic lesion core. In sum, expression of progenitor markers by astrocyte subpopulations and the identification of proliferating astrocytes in combination with an ECM that contains components typically associated with neural stem/progenitor cells suggest that an immature cell fate is facilitated as response to the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulf T Eysel
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Belousov A, Titov S, Shved N, Malykin G, Kovalev V, Suprunova I, Khotimchenko Y, Kumeiko V. Hydrogels based on modified pectins capable of modulating neural cell behavior as prospective biomaterials in glioblastoma treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 151:111-138. [PMID: 32448603 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain, but its treatment outcomes can be improved by new therapeutic techniques using biocompatible materials. Utilizing controllable alkaline de-esterification we obtained pectin preparation with 27.4% esterification degree and used it for bio-artificial matrix production. We discovered optimal gelation conditions in the presence of Ca2+ by the analysis of visco-elastic properties of the gels and produced a series of biomaterials in hydrogel forms. Hydrogels based on low-esterified pectin significantly slow down the metabolism of C6 glioma cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) and slightly decrease the viability of the C6 glioma, but not of NSCs. This happens due to a decrease in cell proliferation rate, while apoptosis degrees remain stable or negligibly decrease. We created a set of pectin hydrogels supplemented with different ratios of two ECM proteins-collagens I and IV. We have shown that the formation of cell processes in glioma C6 can be regulated by varying the ratio of two ECM proteins in gels used for 3D cell cultivation. Thus, composite matrix materials obtained can be used for modeling brain tumor invasion. The results presented suggest that modified pectins supplemented with two collagen types may serve as prospective biomaterials for glioblastoma treatment due to their ability to regulate glioma cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Belousov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergei Titov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikita Shved
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Grigorii Malykin
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeri Kovalev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina Suprunova
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yuri Khotimchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia; Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
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Immunomodulatory role of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C in neuroinflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1651-1660. [PMID: 31845742 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a dynamic network of various macromolecules that are synthesized and released by surrounding cells into the intercellular space. Glycoproteins, proteoglycans and fibrillar proteins are main components of the ECM. In addition to general functions such as structure and stability, the ECM controls several cellular signaling pathways. In this context, ECM molecules have a profound influence on intracellular signaling as receptor-, adhesion- and adaptor-proteins. Due to its various functions, the ECM is essential in the healthy organism, but also under pathological conditions. ECM constituents are part of the glial scar, which is formed in several neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by the activation and infiltration of glia as well as immune cells. Remodeling of the ECM modulates the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines affecting the fate of immune, glial and neuronal cells. Tenascin-C is an ECM glycoprotein that is expressed during embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development. In adults it is present at lower levels but reappears under pathological conditions such as in brain tumors, following injury and in neurodegenerative disorders and is highly associated with glial reactivity as well as scar formation. As a key modulator of the immune response during neurodegeneration in the CNS, tenascin-C is highlighted in this mini-review.
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Chondroitin sulfate content and decorin expression in glioblastoma are associated with proliferative activity of glioma cells and disease prognosis. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:147-155. [PMID: 31773303 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are important components of brain extracellular matrix (ECM), although their contribution in gliomagenesis remains underinvestigated. Here, both chondroitin sulfate (CS) content/distribution and expression of a number of CSPG core proteins were studied in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumours with different prognosis (n = 40) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis. Survival rates for clinically different patient groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox model. CS content was increased in 60-65% of studied GBM tumours and distributed heterogeneously, mainly at perinecrotic and perivascular zones rather than tumour cells with specific morphology. CS accumulation, especially in the tumour extracellular matrix, was positively associated with the proliferative activity of GBM cells according to theKi67 index (p < 0.01) but revealed no significant association with age or sex of the patients, tumour localisation, relapse or disease outcome. The increase in CS content in GBM tumours was accompanied by upregulation of decorin (1.5-fold), biglycan (3-fold) and serglycin (2-fold) expression (p < 0.05), while only decorin expression level was negatively associated with the overall survival rate of the GBM patients (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate a contribution of CS to high intratumoural heterogeneity of GBM and suggest CS content and decorin expression for further investigation as potential microenvironmental glycomarkers/targets for GBM diagnostics and treatment.
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Belousov A, Titov S, Shved N, Garbuz M, Malykin G, Gulaia V, Kagansky A, Kumeiko V. The Extracellular Matrix and Biocompatible Materials in Glioblastoma Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:341. [PMID: 31803736 PMCID: PMC6877546 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During cancer genesis, the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the human brain undergoes important transformations, starting to resemble embryonic brain cell milieu with a much denser structure. However, the stiffness of the tumor ECM does not preclude cancer cells from migration. The importance of the ECM role in normal brain tissue as well as in tumor homeostasis has engaged much effort in trials to implement ECM as a target and an instrument in the treatment of brain cancers. This review provides a detailed analysis of both experimental and applied approaches in combined therapy for gliomas in adults. In general, matrix materials for glioma treatment should have properties facilitating the simplest delivery into the body. Hence, to deliver an artificial implant directly into the operation cavity it should be packed into a gel form, while for bloodstream injections matrix needs to be in the form of polymer micelles, nanoparticles, etc. Furthermore, the delivered material should mimic biomechanical properties of the native tissue, support vital functions, and slow down or stop the proliferation of surrounding cells for a prolonged period. The authors propose a two-step approach aimed, on the one hand, at elimination of remaining cancer cells and on the other hand, at restoring normal brain tissue. Thereby, the first bioartificial matrix to be applied should have relatively low elastic modulus should be loaded with anticancer drugs, while the second material with a higher elastic modulus for neurite outgrowth support should contain specific factors stimulating neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Belousov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergei Titov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikita Shved
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail Garbuz
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Grigorii Malykin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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38
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Carvalho R, Paredes J, Ribeiro AS. Impact of breast cancer cells´ secretome on the brain metastatic niche remodeling. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:294-301. [PMID: 31711993 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases occur in approximately 10-20% of patients with metastatic breast cancer showing a very poor overall survival. Curiously, different molecular subtypes (that show specific gene expression signatures and differential prognostic significance) are associated with different risks for brain metastases development, suggesting that cancer cells harbor specific molecular programs that award them intrinsic advantages to survive in this specific foreign tissue. Emerging data has been revealing that biophysical and/or mechanical properties of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), along with those of the brain resident cells, play a crucial role in creating the best conditions for survival, colonization and outgrowth of breast cancer cells in this distinct microenvironment. Although several reports show that cancer cells modulate metastatic niches way before they reach the target organ, few data exist for the brain metastatic niche. Indeed, little is known concerning how factors secreted by cancer cells activate brain resident cells and/or modify brain ECM biomechanical properties and how these modifications impact cells´ ability to metastasize the brain. The brain is a particular organ, protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB), and containing exclusive functional units and very special cell types. Additionally, it is the organ with the most singular ECM and biomechanical properties. Thus, this cancer cell-brain metastatic niche interaction must present distinct properties. Consequently, the search for putative molecular markers that modulate the brain pre-metastatic niche, thus promoting the successful metastatic homing of cancer cells, is urgently needed. In this review, we will discuss key aspects regarding breast cancer cells and the brain pre-metastatic niche paracrine communication that is crucial to initiate the metastatic cascade. We will focus on cancer cell`s secretome influence into the brain microenvironment, specifically on its impact on tissue mechanics and on brain resident cells as regulators of the pre-metastatic niche formation, ultimately promoting metastatic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Paredes
- i3S/IPATIMUP, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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39
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Logun MT, Wynens KE, Simchick G, Zhao W, Mao L, Zhao Q, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ, Karumbaiah L. Surfen-mediated blockade of extratumoral chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans inhibits glioblastoma invasion. FASEB J 2019; 33:11973-11992. [PMID: 31398290 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802610rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive spread of glioblastoma (GBM) is linked to changes in chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan (CSPG)-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are selectively up-regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that inhibiting CS-GAG signaling in the TME would stem GBM invasion. Rat F98 GBM cells demonstrated enhanced preferential cell invasion into oversulfated 3-dimensional composite of CS-A and CS-E [4- and 4,6-sulfated CS-GAG (COMP)] matrices compared with monosulfated (4-sulfated) and unsulfated hyaluronic acid matrices in microfluidics-based choice assays, which is likely influenced by differential GAG receptor binding specificities. Both F98 and human patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) demonstrated a high degree of colocalization of the GSC marker CD133 and CSPGs. The small molecule sulfated GAG antagonist bis-2-methyl-4-amino-quinolyl-6-carbamide (surfen) reduced invasion and focal adhesions in F98 cells encapsulated in COMP matrices and blocked CD133 and antichondroitin sulfate antibody (CS-56) detection of respective antigens in F98 cells and human GSCs. Surfen-treated F98 cells down-regulated CSPG-binding receptor transcripts and protein, as well as total and activated ERK and protein kinase B. Lastly, rats induced with frontal lobe tumors and treated with a single intratumoral dose of surfen demonstrated reduced tumor burden and spread compared with untreated controls. These results present a first demonstration of surfen as an inhibitor of sulfated GAG signaling to stem GBM invasion.-Logun, M. T., Wynens, K. E., Simchick, G., Zhao, W., Mao, L., Zhao, Q., Mukherjee, S., Brat, D. J., Karumbaiah, L. Surfen-mediated blockade of extratumoral chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans inhibits glioblastoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Logun
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kallie E Wynens
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory Simchick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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40
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Roll L, Faissner A. Tenascins in CNS lesions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 89:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Hoshiba T, Sugano Y, Yokoyama N. Murine Neural Stem Cell (NSC) Line, MEB5-derived Decellularized Matrix as an In Vitro Extracellular Matrix Model in NSC Niche. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hoshiba
- Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Materials Systems, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugano
- Yamagata Prefectural Yonezawa Kojokan Senior High School, 1101 Oh-aza Sasano, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-1443, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yokoyama
- Yamagata Prefectural Yonezawa Kojokan Senior High School, 1101 Oh-aza Sasano, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-1443, Japan
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42
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Harnessing the immune system in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1171-1181. [PMID: 30393372 PMCID: PMC6251037 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Survival is poor and improved treatment options are urgently needed. Although immunotherapies have emerged as effective treatments for a number of cancers, translation of these through to brain tumours is a distinct challenge, particularly due to the blood-brain barrier and the unique immune tumour microenvironment afforded by CNS-specific cells. This review discusses the immune system within the CNS, mechanisms of immune escape employed by glioblastoma, and the immunological effects of conventional glioblastoma treatments. Novel therapies for glioblastoma that harness the immune system and their current clinical progress are outlined, including cancer vaccines, T-cell therapies and immune checkpoint modulators.
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43
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Virga J, Szivos L, Hortobágyi T, Chalsaraei MK, Zahuczky G, Steiner L, Tóth J, Reményi-Puskár J, Bognár L, Klekner A. Extracellular matrix differences in glioblastoma patients with different prognoses. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:797-806. [PMID: 30655832 PMCID: PMC6313004 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor. Patient outcome remains poor despite the development of therapy and increased understanding of the disease in the past decades. Glioma cells invade the peritumoral brain, which results in inevitable tumor recurrence. Previous studies have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is altered in gliomas and serves a major role in glioma invasion. The present study focuses on differences in the ECM composition of tumors in patients with poor and improved prognosis. The mRNA and protein expression of 16 invasion-associated ECM molecules was determined using reverse trascription-quantitiative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Clinical factors of patients with different prognoses was also analyzed. It was determined that age and postoperative Karnofsky performance score were associated with patient survival. Furthermore, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (FLT4/VEGFR3), murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) mRNA levels were significantly different between the two prognostic groups. Additionally, brevican, cluster of differentiation 44, hyaluronan mediated motility receptor, integrin-αV and -β1, and MDM2 protein expression were indicated to be significantly different in immunohistochemistry slides. Using the expression profile, including the invasion spectrum of the samples, it was possible to identify the prognostic group of the sample with high efficacy, particularly in cases with poor prognosis. In conclusion, it was determined that ECM components exhibit different expression levels in tumors with different prognoses and thus the invasion spectrum can be used as a prognostic factor in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Virga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szivos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mahan Kouhsari Chalsaraei
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Judit Tóth
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Reményi-Puskár
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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45
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Mirzaei R, Sarkar S, Dzikowski L, Rawji KS, Khan L, Faissner A, Bose P, Yong VW. Brain tumor-initiating cells export tenascin-C associated with exosomes to suppress T cell activity. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1478647. [PMID: 30288344 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1478647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dismal prognosis of glioblastoma is attributed in part to the existence of stem-like brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) that are highly radio- and chemo-resistant. New approaches such as therapies that reprogram compromised immune cells against BTICs are needed. Effective immunotherapies in glioblastoma, however, remain elusive unless the mechanisms of immunosuppression by the tumor are better understood. Here, we describe that while the conditioned media of activated T lymphocytes reduce the growth capacity of BTICs, this growth suppression was abrogated in live co-culture of BTICs with T cells. We present evidence that BTICs produce the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C (TNC) to inhibit T cell activity in live co-culture. In human glioblastoma brain specimens, TNC was widely deposited in the vicinity of T cells. Mechanistically, TNC inhibited T cell proliferation through interaction with α5β1 and αvβ6 integrins on T lymphocytes associated with reduced mTOR signaling. Strikingly, TNC was exported out of BTICs associated with exosomes, and TNC-depleted exosomes suppressed T cell responses to a significantly lesser extent than control. Finally, we found that circulating exosomes from glioblastoma patients contained more TNC and T cell-suppressive activity than those from control individuals. Taken together, our study establishes a novel immunosuppressive role for TNC associated with BTIC-secreted exosomes to affect local and distal T lymphocyte immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lauren Dzikowski
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lubaba Khan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oncology and Surgery, Ohlson Research Initiative and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oncology and Surgery, Ohlson Research Initiative and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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46
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Hira VV, Aderetti DA, van Noorden CJ. Glioma Stem Cell Niches in Human Glioblastoma Are Periarteriolar. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:349-358. [PMID: 29328867 PMCID: PMC5958355 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417752676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of primary brain tumor (glioblastoma) patients is seriously hampered by glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are distinct therapy-resistant self-replicating pluripotent cancer cells. GSCs reside in GSC niches, which are specific protective microenvironments in glioblastoma tumors. We have recently found that GSC niches are hypoxic periarteriolar, whereas in most studies, GSC niches are identified as hypoxic perivascular. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the literature on perivascular GSC niches to establish whether these are periarteriolar, pericapillary, perivenular, and/or perilymphatic. We found six publications showing images of human glioblastoma tissue containing perivascular GSC niches without any specification of the vessel type. However, it is frequently assumed that these vessels are capillaries which are exchange vessels, whereas arterioles and venules are transport vessels. Closer inspection of the figures of these publications showed vessels that were not capillaries. Whether these vessels were arterioles or venules was difficult to determine in one case, but in the other cases, these were clearly arterioles and their perivascular niches were similar to the periarteriolar niches we have found. Therefore, we conclude that in human glioblastoma tumors, GSC niches are hypoxic periarteriolar and are structurally and functionally look-alikes of hematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A. Aderetti
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J.F. van Noorden
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Aderetti DA, Hira VVV, Molenaar RJ, van Noorden CJF. The hypoxic peri-arteriolar glioma stem cell niche, an integrated concept of five types of niches in human glioblastoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:346-354. [PMID: 29684521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor and poor survival of glioblastoma patients is attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). These therapy-resistant, quiescent and pluripotent cells reside in GSC niches, which are specific microenvironments that protect GSCs against radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We previously showed the existence of hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma tumor samples. However, other studies have described peri-vascular niches, peri-hypoxic niches, peri-immune niches and extracellular matrix niches of GSCs. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate the literature on these five different types of GSC niches. In the present review, we describe that the five niche types are not distinct from one another, but should be considered to be parts of one integral GSC niche model, the hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niche. Moreover, hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches are structural and functional look-alikes of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in the bone marrow. GSCs are maintained in peri-arteriolar niches by the same receptor-ligand interactions as HSCs in bone marrow. Our concept should be rigidly tested in the near future and applied to develop therapies to expel and keep GSCs out of their protective niches to render them more vulnerable to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Aderetti
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Jacob RS, Das S, Singh N, Patel K, Datta D, Sen S, Maji SK. Amyloids Are Novel Cell-Adhesive Matrices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:79-97. [PMID: 30637692 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are highly ordered peptide/protein aggregates traditionally associated with multiple human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent studies suggest that amyloids can also perform several biological functions in organisms varying from bacteria to mammals. In many lower organisms, amyloid fibrils function as adhesives due to their unique surface topography. Recently, amyloid fibrils have been shown to support attachment and spreading of mammalian cells by interacting with the cell membrane and by cell adhesion machinery activation. Moreover, similar to cellular responses on natural extracellular matrices (ECMs), mammalian cells on amyloid surfaces also use integrin machinery for spreading, migration, and differentiation. This has led to the development of biocompatible and implantable amyloid-based hydrogels that could induce lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. In this chapter, based on adhesion of both lower organisms and mammalian cells on amyloid nanofibrils, we posit that amyloids could have functioned as a primitive extracellular matrix in primordial earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeba S Jacob
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Waschek JA, Cohen JR, Chi GC, Proszynski TJ, Niewiadomski P. PACAP Promotes Matrix-Driven Adhesion of Cultured Adult Murine Neural Progenitors. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091417708720. [PMID: 28523979 PMCID: PMC5439654 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are born throughout the life of mammals in germinal zones of the brain known as neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These niches contain a subpopulation of cells known as adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs), which self-renew and give rise to new neurons and glia. aNPCs are regulated by many factors present in the niche, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). We show that the neuropeptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) affects subventricular zone-derived aNPCs by increasing their surface adhesion. Gene array and reconstitution assays indicate that this effect can be attributed to the regulation of ECM components and ECM-modifying enzymes in aNPCs by PACAP. Our work suggests that PACAP regulates a bidirectional interaction between the aNPCs and their niche: PACAP modifies ECM production and remodeling, in turn the ECM regulates progenitor cell adherence. We speculate that PACAP may in this manner help restrict adult neural progenitors to the stem cell niche in vivo, with potential significance for aNPC function in physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Waschek
- 1 Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Cohen
- 1 Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gloria C Chi
- 1 Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Proszynski
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Niewiadomski
- 1 Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,3 Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Reinhard J, Roll L, Faissner A. Tenascins in Retinal and Optic Nerve Neurodegeneration. Front Integr Neurosci 2017; 11:30. [PMID: 29109681 PMCID: PMC5660115 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascins represent key constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with major impact on central nervous system (CNS) development. In this regard, several studies indicate that they play a crucial role in axonal growth and guidance, synaptogenesis and boundary formation. These functions are not only important during development, but also for regeneration under several pathological conditions. Additionally, tenascin-C (Tnc) represents a key modulator of the immune system and inflammatory processes. In the present review article, we focus on the function of Tnc and tenascin-R (Tnr) in the diseased CNS, specifically after retinal and optic nerve damage and degeneration. We summarize the current view on both tenascins in diseases such as glaucoma, retinal ischemia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy. In this context, we discuss their expression profile, possible functional relevance, remodeling of the interacting matrisome and tenascin receptors, especially under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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