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Kara M, Kocaaga N, Akgul B, Abamor ES, Erdogmus A, Topuzogullari M, Acar S. Micelles of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] as delivery vehicles for zinc phthalocyanine photosensitizers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:475602. [PMID: 39173645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Drug-loaded polymeric micelles have proven to be highly effective carrier systems for the efficient delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study introduces the micellization potential of poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (pOEGMA) as a novel approach, utilizing the hydrophobic methacrylate segments of pOEGMA to interact with highly hydrophobic zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), thereby forming a potential micellar drug carrier system. The ZnPc molecule was synthesized from phthalonitrile derivatives and its fluorescence, photodegradation, and singlet oxygen quantum yields were determined in various solvents. In solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide, the ZnPc compound exhibited the requisite photophysical and photochemical properties for PDT applications. The pOEGMA homopolymer was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, while ZnPc-loaded pOEGMA micelles were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method. Characterization of the pOEGMA, ZnPc, and micelles was conducted using FTIR,1H-NMR, dynamic light scattering, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometries, gel permeation chromatography, and transmission electron microscopy. The critical micelle concentration was determined to be 0.027 mg ml-1using fluorescence spectrometry. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies of the ZnPc-loaded micelles were calculated to be 0.67% and 0.47%, respectively. Additionally, the release performance of ZnPc from pOEGMA micelles was monitored over a period of nearly 10 d, while the lyophilized micelles exhibited stability for 3 months. Lastly, the ZnPc-loaded micelles were more biocompatible than ZnPc on L929 cell line. The results suggest that the pOEGMA homopolymer possesses the capability to micellize through its methacrylate segments when interacting with highly hydrophobic molecules, presenting a promising avenue for enhancing the delivery efficiency of hydrophobic PSs in PDT. Moreover, it was also deciphered that obtained formulations were highly biocompatible according to cytotoxicity results and could be safely employed as drug delivery systems in further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kara
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Kocaaga
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Akgul
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah S Abamor
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdogmus
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Topuzogullari
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Acar
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Zhao D, Wen X, Wu J, Chen F. Photoimmunotherapy for cancer treatment based on organic small molecules: Recent strategies and future directions. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102086. [PMID: 39181114 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a promising anticancer approach, owning to its high efficiency and spatiotemporal selectivity. Ample evidence indicated that PDT can trigger immunogenic cell death by releasing antigens that activate immune cells to promote anti-tumor immunity. Nevertheless, the inherent nature of tumors and their complex heterogeneity often limits the efficiency of PDT, which can be overcome with a novel strategy of photo-immunotherapy (PIT) strategy. By exploring the principles of PDT induction and ICD enhancement, combined with other therapies such as chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade, the tailored solutions can be designed to address specific challenges of drug resistance, hypoxic conditions, and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments (TIMEs), which enables targeted enhancement of systemic immunity to address most distant and recurrent cancers. The present article summarizes the specific strategies of PIT and discusses recent existing limitations. More importantly, we anticipate that the perspectives presented herein will help address the clinical translation challenges associated with PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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3
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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H. Effect of Direct Alkyne Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of Two Novel Octasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanines. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300295. [PMID: 38279590 PMCID: PMC11230919 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two novel phthalonitrile derivatives (3-4) bearing ethynylcyclohex-1-ene and ethynylcyclohexane groups and two peripherally octa substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5-6) were prepared. The synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives was performed with Sonagashira coupling reaction by using palladium-catalyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR, mass, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aggregation studies of 5 and 6 were performed in various organic solvents and different concentrations in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photophysical studies of the Pcs were performed in THF to determine the effect of the alkyne groups on the fluorescence of the Pc ring. Substances showing fluorescence properties can be used in practical applications such as to create an image in microscopy. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and fluorescence lifetime (τF) of 5-6 were calculated. The fluorescence quenching studies of 5-6 were performed by adding the different concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) to a constant concentration of the Pcs in THF and it was found that benzoquinone was an effective quencher. The values of the Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) and quenching constant (kq) of zinc phthalocyanines (5-6) were examined. All obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted zinc Pc compound used as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Pekbelgin Karaoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Makuch S, Kupczyk P, Woźniak M, Makarec A, Lipińska M, Klyta M, Sulecka-Zadka J, Szeja W, Gani M, Rapozzi V, Ziółkowski P, Smoleński P. In Vitro and In Vivo Antipsoriatic Efficacy of Protected and Unprotected Sugar-Zinc Phthalocyanine Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:838. [PMID: 38931958 PMCID: PMC11207564 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder affecting over 125 million people globally, is characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and immune cell infiltration. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains underutilized in the treatment of psoriasis despite its potential as a promising and effective therapeutic approach. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and its sugar conjugates as potential antipsoriatic agents. We successfully synthesized protected and unprotected sugar-conjugated zinc phthalocyanines and evaluated their potential against cytokine-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, as well as an established IMQ psoriasis-like in vivo model. Tetrasubstituted protected glucose-ZnPc (Glu-4-ZnPc-P) demonstrated superior phototoxicity (IC50 = 2.55 µM) compared to unprotected glucose conjugate (IC50 = 22.7 µM), protected galactose-ZnPc (IC50 = 7.13 µM), and free ZnPc in cytokine-stimulated HaCaT cells (IC50 = 5.84 µM). Cellular uptake analysis revealed that IL-17A, a cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, enhanced unprotected Glu-4-ZnPc uptake by 56.3%, while GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 reduced its accumulation by 23.8%. Intracellular ROS generation following Glu-4-ZnPc-P-PDT was significantly increased after stimulation with IL-17A, correlating with in vitro photocytotoxicity. In vivo PDT using Glu-4-ZnPc-P exhibited significant improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), inhibiting splenomegaly and restoring normal skin morphology. This study highlights sugar-conjugated zinc phthalocyanines as potential candidates for targeted PDT in psoriasis, providing a basis for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Kupczyk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Alicja Makarec
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Maja Lipińska
- Experimental Animal Facility, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klyta
- Experimental Animal Facility, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Joanna Sulecka-Zadka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Szeja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Mariachiara Gani
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Smoleński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Surur AK, de Oliveira AB, De Annunzio SR, Ferrisse TM, Fontana CR. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A critical update. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112905. [PMID: 38703452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges for public health. The increase in bacterial resistance, mainly due to microorganisms harmful to health, and the need to search for alternative treatments to contain infections that cannot be treated by conventional antibiotic therapy has been aroused. An alternative widely studied in recent decades is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), a treatment that can eliminate microorganisms through oxidative stress. Although this therapy has shown satisfactory results in infection control, it is still controversial in the scientific community whether bacteria manage to develop resistance after successive applications of aPDT. Thus, this work provides an overview of the articles that performed successive aPDT applications in models using bacteria published since 2010, focusing on sublethal dose cycles, highlighting the main PSs tested, and addressing the possible mechanisms for developing tolerance or resistance to aPDT, such as efflux pumps, biofilm formation, OxyR and SoxRS systems, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes and quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Koberstain Surur
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Raquel De Annunzio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Mesquita B, Singh A, Prats Masdeu C, Lokhorst N, Hebels ER, van Steenbergen M, Mastrobattista E, Heger M, van Nostrum CF, Oliveira S. Nanobody-mediated targeting of zinc phthalocyanine with polymer micelles as nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124004. [PMID: 38492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a suitable alternative to currently employed cancer treatments. However, the hydrophobicity of most photosensitizers (e.g., zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC)) leads to their aggregation in blood. Moreover, non-specific accumulation in skin and low clearance rate of ZnPC leads to long-lasting skin photosensitization, forcing patients with a short life expectancy to remain indoors. Consequently, the clinical implementation of these photosensitizers is limited. Here, benzyl-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) micelles encapsulating ZnPC (ZnPC-M) were investigated to increase the solubility of ZnPC and its specificity towards cancers cells. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation was used to characterize micelles with different ZnPC-to-polymer ratios and their stability in human plasma. The ZnPC-M with the lowest payload (0.2 and 0.4% ZnPC w/w) were the most stable in plasma, exhibiting minimal ZnPC transfer to lipoproteins, and induced the highest phototoxicity in three cancer cell lines. Nanobodies (Nbs) with binding specificity towards hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were conjugated to ZnPC-M to facilitate cell targeting and internalization. MET- and EGFR-targeting micelles enhanced the association and the phototoxicity in cells expressing the target receptor. Altogether, these results indicate that ZnPC-M decorated with Nbs targeting overexpressed proteins on cancer cells may provide a better alternative to currently approved formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arunika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cèlia Prats Masdeu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Lokhorst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik R Hebels
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mies van Steenbergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing University, College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Phthalocyanine-based probes in alleviating or evading tumour-hypoxia for enhanced photo- and/ sono-mediated therapeutic efficacies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104024. [PMID: 38401819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses the possible methods for improving therapeutic efficacies of phthalocyanine (Pcs) -based therapeutic probes in photo- and sono-dynamic therapies under hypoxic conditions. Herein, the structural design strategies including varying the central metal, position substituents and the effects of adjuvant used in supplementing the therapeutics activities of Pcs or formation of NPs are discussed for cancer therapies in hypoxic conditions. Different mechanisms induced for cell death influenced by the compositions of the Pcs-probes are discussed. The focus mainly highlights the oxygen (O2) -dependent mechanisms including methods of supplementing tumour microenvironment O2-concentrations to promote PDT or SDT therapies. Alternatively, O2-independent mechanisms mainly used to evade hypoxia by stimulating anticancer processes that don't require O2 to initiate cell death, such as the Fenton reaction or thermal ablation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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8
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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Design consideration of phthalocyanines as sensitizers for enhanced sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy of cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1077-1097. [PMID: 38486981 PMCID: PMC10935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality globally. Conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness, non-controllability, and development of resistance for some, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy (SPDT) has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic approach. SPDT combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which uses ultrasound, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light, to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer eradication. The use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and PDT. This review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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9
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Di Y, Deng R, Liu Z, Mao Y, Gao Y, Zhao Q, Wang S. Optimized strategies of ROS-based nanodynamic therapies for tumor theranostics. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122391. [PMID: 37995457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of tumor growth, metastasis, death and other biological processes. ROS-based nanodynamic therapies (NDTs) are becoming attractive due to non-invasive, low side effects and tumor-specific advantages. NDTs have rapidly developed into numerous branches, such as photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and so on. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the limitations of existing sensitizers have greatly restricted the therapeutic effects of NDTs, which heavily rely on ROS levels. To address the limitations of NDTs, various strategies have been developed to increase ROS yield, which is an urgent aspect for the positive development of NDTs. In this review, the nanodynamic potentiation strategies in terms of unique properties and universalities of NDTs are comprehensively outlined. We mainly summarize the current dilemmas faced by each NDT and the respective solutions. Meanwhile, the NDTs universalities-based potentiation strategies and NDTs-based combined treatments are elaborated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the key issues and challenges faced in the development and clinical transformation of NDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Di
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ruizhu Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
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10
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Yan S, Dong L, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Xu W, Xing J, Zhang J. A Photosensitizer-Loaded Polydopamine Nanomedicine Agent for Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:5874. [PMID: 37570844 PMCID: PMC10420639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising non-invasive approaches to cancer treatment. However, the development of multifunctional nanomedicines is necessary to enhance these approaches' effectiveness and safety. In this study, we investigated a polydopamine-based nanoparticle (PDA-ZnPc+ Nps) loaded with the efficient photosensitizer ZnPc(4TAP)12+ (ZnPc+) through in vitro and in vivo experiments to achieve synergistic PDT and PTT. Our results demonstrated that PDA-ZnPc+ Nps exhibited remarkable efficacy due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce photothermal effects, and promote apoptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, in both MCF-7 cells and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, the combined PDT/PTT treatment with PDA-ZnPc+ Nps led to synergistic effects. Subcellular localization analysis revealed a high accumulation of ZnPc+ in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, resulting in cellular disruption and vacuolation following synergistic PDT/PTT. Furthermore, PDA-ZnPc+ Nps exhibited significant antitumor effects without causing evident systemic damage in vivo, enabling the use of lower doses of photosensitizer and ensuring safer treatment. Our study not only highlights the potential of PDA-ZnPc+ Nps as a dual-functional anticancer agent combining PDA and PTT but also offers a strategy for mitigating the side effects associated with clinical photosensitizers, particularly dark toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Yan
- Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
- School of Resource and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Luying Dong
- School of Resource and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Ziyun Hu
- School of Resource and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- School of Resource and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Resource and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Jianhong Xing
- Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
- School of Resource and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Juncheng Zhang
- Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
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Garcés-Garcés J, Sánchez-Martos M, Martinez-Navarrete G, Fernández-Jover E, Encheva M, León M, Ortiz J, Sastre-Santos Á, Fernández-Lázaro F. New Highly Fluorescent Water Soluble Imidazolium-Perylenediimides: Synthesis and Cellular Response. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1892. [PMID: 37514077 PMCID: PMC10384807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two new water soluble 2,6-bis(imidazolylmethyl)-4-methylphenoxy-containing perylenediimides, PDI-1 and PDI-2, are described. These compounds demonstrate a high fluorescence quantum yield in water and were investigated as potential photosensitizers for generating reactive oxygen species with applications in anticancer activities. The HeLa cell line (VPH18) was used to evaluate their efficacy. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to confirm the successful internalization of PDI-1 and PDI-2, while confocal microscopy revealed the specific locations of both PDIs within the lysosomes and mitochondria. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of PDI-1 and PDI-2. Remarkably, these photosensitizers demonstrated a significant ability to selectively eliminate cancer cells when exposed to a specific light wavelength. The water solubility, high fluorescence quantum yield, and selective cytotoxicity of these PDIs toward cancer cells highlight their potential as effective agents for targeted photodynamic therapy. In conclusion, the findings presented here provide a strong foundation for the future exploration and optimization of PDI-1 and PDI-2 as effective photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, potentially leading to improved treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garcés-Garcés
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Martos
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gema Martinez-Navarrete
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Jover
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Mirela Encheva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Martín León
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
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12
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Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A. Combining Copper and Zinc into a Biosensor for Anti-Chemoresistance and Achieving Osteosarcoma Therapeutic Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072920. [PMID: 37049685 PMCID: PMC10096333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its built-up chemoresistance after prolonged usage, the demand for replacing platinum in metal-based drugs (MBD) is rising. The first MBD approved by the FDA for cancer therapy was cisplatin in 1978. Even after nearly four and a half decades of trials, there has been no significant improvement in osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. In fact, many MBD have been developed, but the chemoresistance problem raised by platinum remains unresolved. This motivates us to elucidate the possibilities of the copper and zinc (CuZn) combination to replace platinum in MBD. Thus, the anti-chemoresistance properties of CuZn and their physiological functions for OS therapy are highlighted. Herein, we summarise their chelators, main organic solvents, and ligand functions in their structures that are involved in anti-chemoresistance properties. Through this review, it is rational to discuss their ligands' roles as biosensors in drug delivery systems. Hereafter, an in-depth understanding of their redox and photoactive function relationships is provided. The disadvantage is that the other functions of biosensors cannot be elaborated on here. As a result, this review is being developed, which is expected to intensify OS drugs with higher cure rates. Nonetheless, this advancement intends to solve the major chemoresistance obstacle towards clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yik Lim
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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13
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Sharma VK, Assaraf YG, Gross Z. Hallmarks of anticancer and antimicrobial activities of corroles. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100931. [PMID: 36739808 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Corroles provide a remarkable opportunity for the development of cancer theranostic agents among other porphyrinoids. While most transition metal corrole complexes are only therapeutic, post-transition metallocorroles also find their applications in bioimaging. Moreover, corroles exhibit excellent photo-physicochemical properties, which can be harnessed for antitumor and antimicrobial interventions. Nevertheless, these intriguing, yet distinct properties of corroles, have not attained sufficient momentum in cancer research. The current review provides a comprehensive summary of various cancer-relevant features of corroles ranging from their structural and photophysical properties, chelation, protein/corrole interactions, to DNA intercalation. Another aspect of the paper deals with the studies of corroles conducted in vitro and in vivo with an emphasis on medical imaging (optical and magnetic resonance), photo/sonodynamic therapies, and photodynamic inactivation. Special attention is also given to a most recent finding that shows the development of pH-responsive phosphorus corrole as a potent antitumor drug for organelle selective antitumor cytotoxicity in preclinical studies. Another biomedical application of corroles is also highlighted, signifying the application of water-soluble and completely lipophilic corroles in the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. We strongly believe that future studies will offer a greater possibility of utilizing advanced corroles for selective tumor targeting and antitumor cytotoxicity. In the line with future developments, an ideal pipeline is envisioned on grounds of cancer targeting nanoparticle systems upon decoration with tumor-specific ligands. Hence, we envision that a bright future lies ahead of corrole anticancer research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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14
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Mantareva V, Iliev I, Sulikovska I, Durmuş M, Angelov I. Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy with Zn(II) Phthalocyanines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054400. [PMID: 36901830 PMCID: PMC10002512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a curative method, firstly developed for cancer therapy with fast response after treatment and minimum side effects. Two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (3ZnPc and 4ZnPc) and a hydroxycobalamin (Cbl) were investigated on two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) in comparison to normal cell lines (MCF-10 and BALB 3T3). The novelty of this study is a complex of non-peripherally methylpyridiloxy substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine (3ZnPc) and the evaluation of the effects on different cell lines due to the addition of second porphyrinoid such as Cbl. The results showed the complete photocytotoxicity of both ZnPc-complexes at lower concentrations (<0.1 μM) for 3ZnPc. The addition of Cbl caused a higher phototoxicity of 3ZnPc at one order lower concentrations (<0.01 μM) with a diminishment of the dark toxicity. Moreover, it was determined that an increase of the selectivity index of 3ZnPc, from 0.66 (MCF-7) and 0.89 (MDA-MB-231) to 1.56 and 2.31, occurred by the addition of Cbl upon exposure with a LED 660 nm (50 J/cm2). The study suggested that the addition of Cbl can minimize the dark toxicity and improve the efficiency of the phthalocyanines for anticancer PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +359-9606-181
| | - Ivan Iliev
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Inna Sulikovska
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Ιnclusion Complexes of Magnesium Phthalocyanine with Cyclodextrins as Potential Photosensitizing Agents. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020244. [PMID: 36829738 PMCID: PMC9951963 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the preparation of inclusion complexes, (ICs) using magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) and various cyclodextrins (β-CD, γ-CD, HP-β-CD, Me-β-CD), using the kneading method is presented. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that the particles in dispersion possessed mean size values between 564 to 748 nm. The structural characterization of the ICs by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides evidence of the formation of the ICs. The release study of the MgPc from the different complexes was conducted at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, and indicated that a rapid release ("burst effect") of ~70% of the phthalocyanine occurred in the first 20 min. The kinetic model that best describes the release profile is the Korsmeyer-Peppas. The photodynamic therapy studies against the squamous carcinoma A431 cell line indicated a potent photosensitizing activity of MgPc (33% cell viability after irradiation for 3 min with 18 mW/cm2), while the ICs also presented significant activity. Among the different ICs, the γ-CD-MgPc IC exhibited the highest photokilling capacity under the same conditions (cell viability 26%). Finally, intracellular localization studies indicated the enhanced cellular uptake of MgPc after incubation of the cells with the γ-CD-MgPc complex for 4 h compared to MgPc in its free form.
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16
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Coordination Compounds of Cu, Zn, and Ni with Dicarboxylic Acids and N Donor Ligands, and Their Biological Activity: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031445. [PMID: 36771123 PMCID: PMC9920268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of carboxylic acids are very often studied due to their interesting structural, spectral, and magnetic properties. This review is focused on complexes of four dicarboxylic acids, namely, 2,2'-thiodioacetic, 3,3'-thiodipropionic, 3,3'-dithiodipropionic, and fumaric acid. Many of the complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray analyses. Without the analyses, it is very difficult to predict the coordination mode of carboxylate groups or nitrogen ligands on central atoms. Thus, structural properties are also discussed, as well as potential applications.
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Kociscakova L, Rando C, Kozlikova M, Machacek M, Novakova V, Šindelář V, Zimcik P. Monomerization of Phthalocyanines in Water via Their Supramolecular Interactions with Cucurbiturils. J Org Chem 2023; 88:988-1002. [PMID: 36603212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of phthalocyanines (Pcs) represents a problematic feature that decreases the potential of these macrocycles in a number of applications. In this work, we present a supramolecular approach based on the interaction of aminoadamantyl-substituted Pcs with bulky and hydrophilic cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to increase the levels of Pc monomers in water. A series of zinc(II) Pcs substituted at positions α or β by an aminoadamantyl substituent (with a different level of alkylation of nitrogen) were prepared from the corresponding phthalonitriles. A 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of phthalonitriles with CB[7] in water confirmed the formation of an inclusion complex with an aminoadamantyl moiety with Ka values of ∼1012 M-1. The interaction of CB[7] with Pcs in water substantially weakened H-type aggregation and improved both fluorescence and singlet oxygen production, confirming that this approach is efficient for the monomerization of Pcs. In vitro evaluation of the photodynamic activity of prepared Pcs led to EC50 values in the submicromolar range on HeLa and SK-MEL-28 cells. However, the activity decreased for at least an order of magnitude after host-guest interaction with CB[7] despite better photophysical properties. This was attributed to a much lower uptake by cells due to the very bulky and hydrophilic character of the Pc-CB[7] assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kociscakova
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove50005, Czech Republic
| | - Carola Rando
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Kozlikova
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove50005, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Machacek
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove50005, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove50005, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove50005, Czech Republic
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18
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Günsel A, Yazar B, Taslimi P, Erden Y, Taskin-Tok T, Pişkin H, Bilgiçli AT, Yarasir MN, Gülçin İ. Novel tetrakis-phthalocyanines bearing pyrimidine derivative: crystal XRD analysis, enzyme inhibition, molecular docking, and anticancer effects. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:249-262. [PMID: 34806542 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2004923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the novel 4-(4-Aminopyrimidin-2-ylthio) phthalonitrile (1) as starting material was synthesized and its 3D structure was verified by the single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Then, its peripherally tetra-substituted phthalocyanines (2,3) and the methylated derivatives (2a,3a) containing pyrimidine derivative were synthesized. All these newly synthesized compounds were characterized with various spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MALDI-TOF MS by obtaining satisfactory results. In addition, these novel phthalocyanines effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme, with Ki values in the range of 10.43 ± 2.38 to 41.70 ± 9.32 µM. For the related enzyme, the IC50 values were obtained in the range of 11.68 to 44.28 µM. For α-glycosidase enzyme the most effective Ki values of (3a) and (2) were with Ki values of 92.87 ± 10.70 and 95.18 ± 17.83 µM, respectively. Indeed, the most potent phthalocyanines against both enzymes were recorded for the purpose of investigating interaction modes of these complexes in the active site of the target enzyme. The cytotoxicity potential of these phthalocyanines against human breast, colon, and prostate cancers demonstrated that these compounds had normal cytotoxic effects.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armağan Günsel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Bilge Yazar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Erden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Pişkin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet T Bilgiçli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - M Nilüfer Yarasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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19
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Pola M, Kolarova H, Bajgar R. Generation of singlet oxygen by porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives regarding the oxygen level. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The principle of photodynamic effect is based on the combined action of photosensitiser, molecular oxygen and light, which produce various reactive oxygen species and are associated with significant cellular damage. Singlet oxygen is one of the most serious representatives, which is characterised by powerful oxidising properties. Moreover, concomitant hyperbaric oxygen treatment can support these effects. Therefore, the subject of our study was to compare the yields of singlet oxygen for four different photosensitizers in dependency on the oxygen concentration.
Material and methods. Four different photosensitizers 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate), tetramethylthionine chloride, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II) and zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate were investigated to determine the yield of singlet oxygen in PBS by Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green reagent under different partial pressures of oxygen (0.4 and 36 mg/l).
Results. There were no noticeable shifts in the excitation and emission fluorescence spectra regarding the oxygen concentration. Concerning the same molar concentration of photosensitizers the production of singlet oxygen was highest for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II), where the rate of the fluorescence change was more than 3 times higher than that obtained for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate). On the other hand, zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate showed the lowest yield in singlet oxygen production.
Conclusions. Singlet oxygen production, within the range of oxygen concentrations achievable in tissues under normoxia or hyperoxia, does not depend on these concentrations. However, the singlet oxygen generation is significantly influenced by the type of photosensitizer, with the highest yield belonging to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II).
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Nene LC, Buthelezi K, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. The in vitro photo-sonodynamic combinatorial therapy activity of cationic and zwitterionic phthalocyanines on MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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D’Ercole S, Carlesi T, Dotta TC, Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Tripodi D, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Petrini M. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Red Led in Endodontics: A Narrative Review and Case Report. Gels 2022; 8:697. [PMID: 36354605 PMCID: PMC9689491 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to discuss the main factors involving the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light and its application in endodontic treatment through a narrative review and a case report. Persistence of microorganisms remaining on chemical-mechanical preparation or intracanal dressing is reported as the leading cause of failure in endodontics. Photodynamic therapy has become a promising antimicrobial strategy as an aid to endodontic treatment. Being easy and quick to apply, it can be used both in a single session and in several sessions, as well as not allowing forms of microbial resistance. 5-aminolevulinic acid in combination with red LED light has recently been studied in many branches of medicine, with good results against numerous types of bacteria including Enterococuss faecalis. The case report showed how bacterial count of CFU decreased by half (210 CFU/mL), after 45 min of irrigation with a gel containing 5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid compared to the sample before irrigation (420 CFU/mL). The subsequent irradiation of red LED light for 7 min, the bacterial count was equal to 0. Thus, it is concluded that the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light is effective in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Teocrito Carlesi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tatiane Cristina Dotta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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22
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Nene LC, Magadla A, Nyokong T. Enhanced mitochondria destruction on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines in vitro using triphenyl-phosphonium-labelled phthalocyanines in ultrasound-assisted photodynamic therapy activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112553. [PMID: 36084362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the therapeutic activities of new triphenyl-phosphonium-labelled phthalocyanines (Pcs), the 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(N-(N-butyl-4-triphenyl-phosphonium)- pyridine-4-yloxy) Zn(II) Pc (3) and 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(N-(N-butyl-4-triphenyl-phosphonium)-morpholino) Zn(II) Pc (4) upon exposure to light, ultrasound and the combination of light and ultrasound. Two types of ROS were detected: the singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals. For light irradiations, only the 1O2 was detected. An increase in the ROS generation was observed for samples treated with the combination of light and ultrasound compared to the light and ultrasound mono-treatments. The in vitro anticancer activity through photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapy for the Pcs were also determined and compared to the photo-sonodynamic combination therapy (PSDT). The two cancer cell lines used for the in vitro studies included the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer and Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cervical cancer cell lines. The SDT treatments showed improved therapeutic efficacy on the cancer cells for both the Pcs compared to PDT. PSDT showed better therapeutic efficacy compared to both the PDT and SDT mono-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Aviwe Magadla
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, P.O. 94, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
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Theoretical Evaluation of the Interactions between Metal-Phthalocyanines and Various Fullerenes as Delivery Systems. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive method with good results in the treatment of superficial tumors. PDT is based on a combination of two factors, namely, a non-toxic photosensitizing molecule and a light source; the photosensitizer absorbs a photon of radiation, leading to a series of reactions that cause irreversible damage to the affected tissue. The present paper investigates the photosensitization properties of nine substituted metal-phthalocyanines (the central metals being iron, nickel, and zinc). In addition, the interactions between the aforementioned compounds and four fullerenes are investigated by means of molecular docking studies in order to verify their potential as delivery systems for phthalocyanines. Our results outline that the properties of metal-phthalocyanines are mainly influenced by the type of substituent and to a lesser extent by the nature of the metal. The binding energies of the metal-phthalocyanines towards the fullerenes suggest a slight increased affinity for the fullerene C52 as compared to the three nitrogen- and phosphorus-doped C46N3P3 fullerenes.
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24
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Abrahamse H, Hamblin MR, George S. Structure and functions of Aggregation-Induced Emission-Photosensitizers in anticancer and antimicrobial theranostics. Front Chem 2022; 10:984268. [PMID: 36110134 PMCID: PMC9468771 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.984268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizers with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) can allow the efficient light-mediated generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) based on their complex molecular structure, while interacting with living cells. They achieve better tissue targeting and allow penetration of different wavelengths of Ultraviolet-Visible-Infrared irradiation. Not surprisingly, they are useful for fluorescence image-guided Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) against cancers of diverse origin. AIE-photosensitizers can also function as broad spectrum antimicrobials, capable of destroying the outer wall of microbes such as bacteria or fungi without the issues of drug resistance, and can also bind to viruses and deactivate them. Often, they exhibit poor solubility and cellular toxicity, which compromise their theranostic efficacy. This could be circumvented by using suitable nanomaterials for improved biological compatibility and cellular targeting. Such dual-function AIE-photosensitizers nanoparticles show unparalleled precision for image-guided detection of tumors as well as generation of ROS for targeted PDT in living systems, even while using low power visible light. In short, the development of AIE-photosensitizer nanoparticles could be a better solution for light-mediated destruction of unwanted eukaryotic cells and selective elimination of prokaryotic pathogens, although, there is a dearth of pre-clinical and clinical data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Sajan George
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, India
- *Correspondence: Sajan George, ,
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25
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Demirbaş Ü, Pişkin M, Durmuş M, Kantekin H. Metal or metal-free phthalocyanines containing morpholine substituents: synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Demirbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Pişkin
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Processing, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Halit Kantekin
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Polymeric Nanosystems Applied for Metal-Based Drugs and Photosensitizers Delivery: The State of the Art and Recent Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071506. [PMID: 35890401 PMCID: PMC9320085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-based therapeutic agents have revealed significant potential as tools for enhancing the therapeutic effect of metal-based agents and minimizing their systemic toxicities. In this context, a series of polymer-based nanosized systems designed to physically load or covalently conjugate metal-based therapeutic agents have been remarkably improving their bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Initially, the polymeric nanocarriers were applied for platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents resulting in some nanoformulations currently in clinical tests and even in medical applications. At present, these nanoassemblies have been slowly expanding for nonplatinum-containing metal-based chemotherapeutic agents. Interestingly, for metal-based photosensitizers (PS) applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially for cancer treatment, strategies employing polymeric nanocarriers have been investigated for almost 30 years. In this review, we address the polymeric nanocarrier-assisted metal-based therapeutics agent delivery systems with a specific focus on non-platinum systems; we explore some biological and physicochemical aspects of the polymer–metallodrug assembly. Finally, we summarize some recent advances in polymeric nanosystems coupled with metal-based compounds that present potential for successful clinical applications as chemotherapeutic or photosensitizing agents. We hope this review can provide a fertile ground for the innovative design of polymeric nanosystems for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-containing therapeutic agents.
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Çol S, Emirik M, Alım Z, Baran A. Physical–chemical studies of new, versatile carbazole derivatives and zinc complexes: Their synthesis, investigation of
in–vitro
inhibitory effects on
α
–glucosidase and human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Çol
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Sakarya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Rize Turkey
| | - Zuhal Alım
- Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Kırşehir Turkey
| | - Arif Baran
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Sakarya Turkey
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28
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Burtsev ID, Egorov AE, Kostyukov AA, Shibaeva AV, Klimovich MA, Kosov AD, Seliverstov MY, Dubinina TV, Markova AA, Kuzmin VA. Photochemical Properties of Octaphenyl-Substituted Erbium Phthalocyanine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Ağırtaş MS, Solğun DG, Yıldıko U. Synthesis, theoretical DFT analysis, photophysical and photochemical properties of a new zinc phthalocyanine compound. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2034005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Derya Güngördü Solğun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Umit Yıldıko
- Architecture and Engineering Faculty, Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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30
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de Oliveira de Siqueira LB, dos Santos Matos AP, Feuser PE, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Santos-Oliveira R, Ricci-Júnior E. Encapsulation of photosensitizer in niosomes for promotion of antitumor and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Gourdon L, Cariou K, Gasser G. Phototherapeutic anticancer strategies with first-row transition metal complexes: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1167-1195. [PMID: 35048929 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) are therapeutic techniques based on a photosensitizer (PS) and light. These techniques allow the spatial and temporal control of the activation of drugs with light. Transition metal complexes are attractive compounds as photoactivatable prodrugs since their excited states can be appropriately designed by subtle modifications of the ligands, the metal centre, or the oxidation state. However, most metal-based PSs contain heavy metals such as Ru, Os, Ir, Pt or Au, which are expensive and non-earth-abundant, contrary to first-row transition metals. In this context, the exploration of the photochemical properties of complexes based on first-row transition metals appears to be extremely promising. This did encourage several groups to develop promising PSs based on these metals. This review presents up-to-date state-of-the-art information on first-row-transition metal complexes, from titanium to zinc in regard to their application as PSs for phototherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gourdon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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Nalçaoğlu A, Sarı C, Değirmencioğlu İ, Eyüpoğlu FC. Novel piperazine-substituted silicon phthalocyanines exert anti-cancer effects against breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Obata M, Ishihara E, Hirohara S. Effect of tertiary amino groups in the hydrophobic segment of an amphiphilic block copolymer on zinc phthalocyanine encapsulation and photodynamic activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18144-18153. [PMID: 35800304 PMCID: PMC9210519 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer micelles are promising nanocarriers for hydrophobic photosensitizers of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Poly(styrene-co-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate))-block-poly(polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate) (P(St-co-DMAEA)-b-PPEGA; 1) was prepared via reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a carrier for a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizer to be used in PDT. The DMAEA-unit composition in the P(St-co-DMAEA) segment was adjusted to 0.40 molar ratio, which caused a sharp increase in water-solubility when the pH decreased from 7.4 to 5.0. The polymer 1 micelle size distribution also shifted to lower when the pH decreased, whereas this change was not observed in PSt-co-PPEGA (2), which was previously reported. The UV-vis spectrum of the ZnPc-loaded micelles of polymer 1 exhibited relatively sharp Q bands, comparable to those measured in DMSO, indicating good compatibility of the condensed core with ZnPc. ZnPc-loaded micelles of polymer 1 exerted excellent photocytotoxicity in the MNNG-induced mutant of the rat murine RGM-1 gastric epithelial cell line (RGK-1). In contrast, the ZnPc-loaded micelles of polymer 2 were completely inactive under the same conditions. Fluorescence from the RGK-1 cells treated with ZnPc-loaded micelles of polymer 1 was observed after 4 h of co-incubation, while no fluorescence was observed in cells treated with ZnPc-loaded micelles of polymer 2. These results indicate that the pH-responsive nature and good compatibility with ZnPc exhibited by the polymer 1 micelles are essential characteristics of ZnPc carriers for efficient photodynamic therapy. Tertiary amino groups in the hydrophobic core of polymer micelles affect the encapsulation and photodynamic activity of zinc phthalocyanine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Obata
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Eika Ishihara
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Shiho Hirohara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ube College, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8555, Japan
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34
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Zheng BD, Ye J, Huang YY, Xiao MT. Phthalocyanine-based photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging and theranostics. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7811-7825. [PMID: 34755723 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01435h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine, as an organic dye, has attracted much attention due to its high molar absorption coefficient in the near-infrared region (NIR). It is precisely because of this advantage that phthalocyanine is very beneficial to photoacoustic imaging (PAI). At present, many different strategies have been adopted to design phthalocyanine-based contrast agents with photoacoustic (PA) effect, including increasing water solubility, changing spectral properties, prolonging the circulation time, constructing activatable supramolecular nanoparticles, increasing targeting, etc. Based on this, this minireview highlighted the above ways to enhance the PA effect of phthalocyanine. What's more, the application of phthalocyanine-based PA contrast agents in biomedical imaging and image-guided phototherapy has been discussed. Finally, this minireview also provides the prospects and challenges of phthalocyanine-based PA contrast agents in order to provide some reference for the application of phthalocyanine-based PA contrast agents in biomedical imaging and guiding tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-De Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ya-Yan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mei-Tian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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35
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Yang YL, Lin K, Yang L. Progress in Nanocarriers Codelivery System to Enhance the Anticancer Effect of Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1951. [PMID: 34834367 PMCID: PMC8617654 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer noninvasive method and has great potential for clinical applications. Unfortunately, PDT still has many limitations, such as metastatic tumor at unknown sites, inadequate light delivery and a lack of sufficient oxygen. Recent studies have demonstrated that photodynamic therapy in combination with other therapies can enhance anticancer effects. The development of new nanomaterials provides a platform for the codelivery of two or more therapeutic drugs, which is a promising cancer treatment method. The use of multifunctional nanocarriers for the codelivery of two or more drugs can improve physical and chemical properties, increase tumor site aggregation, and enhance the antitumor effect through synergistic actions, which is worthy of further study. This review focuses on the latest research progress on the synergistic enhancement of PDT by simultaneous multidrug administration using codelivery nanocarriers. We introduce the design of codelivery nanocarriers and discuss the mechanism of PDT combined with other antitumor methods. The combination of PDT and chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, hyperthermia, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy and even multidrug therapy are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.-L.Y.); (K.L.)
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36
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Trindade AC, de Castro PARR, Pinto BCDS, Ambrósio JAR, de Oliveira Junior BM, Beltrame Junior M, Gonçalves EP, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Simioni AR. Gelatin nanoparticles via template polymerization for drug delivery system to photoprocess application in cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:551-568. [PMID: 34705614 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1998819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment based on the activation of light-absorbing photosensitizers (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species, which are toxic to the targeted disease cells. Because most PS are hydrophobic with poor water solubility, it is necessary to encapsulate and solubilize PS in aqueous conditions to improve the photodynamic action for this compound. In this work, gelatin-poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles (PAA/gelatin nanoparticles) via template polymerization for incorporation aluminum chloride phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) as a model drug for PDT application were developed. Biocompatible core-shell polymeric nanoparticles were fabricated via template polymerization using gelatin and acrylic acid as a reaction system. The nanoparticulate system was studied by scanning electron microscopy, steady-state, and their biological activity was evaluated using in vitro cancer cell lines by classical MTT assay. The obtained nanoparticles had a spherical shape and DLS particle size were determined further and was found to be around 170 nm. The phthalocyanine-loaded-nanoparticles maintained their photophysical behaviour after encapsulation. It is found that ClAlPc can be released from the nanoparticles in a sustained manner with a small initial burst release. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed that ClAlPc-loaded nanoparticles had similar cytotoxicity to free ClAlPc with mouse melanoma cancer cell line (B16-F10). In vitro photoeffects assay indicated that the nanoparticle formulation was superior in anticancer effect to free ClAlPc on mouse melanoma cancer cell line B16-F10. The results indicate that ClAlPc encapsulated in gelatin-poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles are a successful delivery system for improving photodynamic activity in the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Cecheto Trindade
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Cristina Dos Santos Pinto
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Erika Peterson Gonçalves
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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37
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Shang L, Zhou X, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zhong L. Metal Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy: A Potential Treatment for Breast Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216532. [PMID: 34770941 PMCID: PMC8588551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide, which seriously threatens women’s physical and mental health. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown significant advantages in cancer treatment. PDT involves activating photosensitizers with appropriate wavelengths of light, producing transient levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared with free photosensitizers, the use of nanoparticles in PDT shows great advantages in terms of solubility, early degradation, and biodistribution, as well as more effective intercellular penetration and targeted cancer cell uptake. Under the current circumstances, researchers have made promising efforts to develop nanocarrier photosensitizers. Reasonably designed photosensitizer (PS) nanoparticles can be achieved through non-covalent (self-aggregation, interfacial deposition, interfacial polymerization or core-shell embedding and physical adsorption) or covalent (chemical immobilization or coupling) processes and accumulate in certain tumors through passive and/or active targeting. These PS loading methods provide chemical and physical stability to the PS payload. Among nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles have the advantages of high stability, adjustable size, optical properties, and easy surface functionalization, making them more biocompatible in biological applications. In this review, we summarize the current development and application status of photodynamic therapy for breast cancer, especially the latest developments in the application of metal nanocarriers in breast cancer PDT, and highlight some of the recent synergistic therapies, hopefully providing an accessible overview of the current knowledge that may act as a basis for new ideas or systematic evaluations of already promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; (L.S.); (J.Z.); or (Y.S.)
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- Department of PET/CT Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; (L.S.); (J.Z.); or (Y.S.)
| | - Yujie Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; (L.S.); (J.Z.); or (Y.S.)
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; (L.S.); (J.Z.); or (Y.S.)
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence:
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Nene LC, Nyokong T. Photo-sonodynamic combination activity of cationic morpholino-phthalocyanines conjugated to nitrogen and nitrogen-sulfur doped graphene quantum dots against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102573. [PMID: 34628070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation abilities of cationic morpholino-substituted-phthalocyanine (Pc) conjugated to nitrogen (NGQDs) and nitrogen-sulfur (NSGQDs) doped-graphene quantum dots upon irradiation with light for photodynamic therapy (PDT), ultrasound for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and the combination of both in photo-sonodynamic therapy (PSDT). The in vitro cytotoxicity studies were conducted using the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 cells). For PDT treatments, only the 1O2 was detected for all the sensitizers, whereas both the 1O2 and •OH radicals were evident after SDT and PSDT treatments. An increase in the 1O2 generation was observed for the conjugates compared to the GQDs and the Pc alone. However, the •OH radicals were reduced in the conjugates compared to the GQDs and the Pc alone. The NGQDs generally showed better ROS generation efficacy compared to the NSGQDs, alone and in the conjugates. The combination therapy also shows improved efficacy compared to the monotherapies for the Pcs and Pc-GQDs conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, P.O. 94, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, P.O. 94, Makhanda, South Africa.
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39
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Mısır MN, Mısır G, Bekircan O, Kantekin H, Öztürk D, Durmuş M. Sulfur bridged new metal-free and metallo phthalocyanines carrying 1,2,4-triazole rings and their photophysicochemical properties. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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40
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Pellei M, Del Bello F, Porchia M, Santini C. Zinc coordination complexes as anticancer agents. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Zinc-Phthalocyanine-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Increase Efficacy and Selectivity of Photodynamic Therapy in Co-Culture and Preclinical Models of Colon Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101547. [PMID: 34683840 PMCID: PMC8537141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising and clinically approved method for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of PDT is often limited by the poor selectivity and distribution of the photosensitizers (PS) toward the malignant tumors, resulting in prolonged periods of skin photosensitivity. In this work, we present a simple and straightforward strategy to increase the tumor distribution, selectivity, and efficacy of lipophilic PS zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) in colon cancer by their stabilization in purified, naturally secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). The PS ZnPc was incorporated in EVs (EV-ZnPc) by a direct incubation strategy that did not affect size distribution or surface charge. By using co-culture models simulating a tumor microenvironment, we determined the preferential uptake of EV-ZnPc toward colon cancer cells when compared with macrophages and dendritic cells. We observed that PDT promoted total tumor cell death in normal and immune cells, but showed selectivity against cancer cells in co-culture models. In vivo assays showed that after a single intravenous or intratumoral injection, EV-ZnPc were able to target the tumor cells and strongly reduce tumor growth over 15 days. These data expose opportunities to enhance the potential and efficacy of PDT using simple non-synthetic strategies that might facilitate translation into clinical practice.
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Simelane NWN, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Targeted Nanoparticle Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9779. [PMID: 34575942 PMCID: PMC8466279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive cancer that remains a challenge to diagnose and treat. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are novel alternative techniques, which can enhance early diagnosis, as well as elicit tumor cell death. This is accomplished through photosensitizer (PS) mediated fluorescence and cytotoxic reactive oxygen species activation upon laser light irradiation excitation at specific low and high range wavelengths, respectively. However, the lack of PS target tumor tissue specificity often hampers these techniques. This study successfully fabricated a bioactive nanoconjugate, ZnPcS4-AuNP-S-PEG5000-NH2-Anti-GCC mAb (BNC), based upon a polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticle, which was multi-functionalized with a fluorescent PDT metalated zinc phthalocyanine PS, and specific anti-GCC targeting antibodies, to overcome CRC PDD and PDT challenges. The BNC was found to be stable and showed selectively improved subcellular accumulation within targeted CRC for improved PDD and PDT outcomes in comparison to healthy in vitro cultured cells. Additionally, the BNC reported significantly higher late apoptotic PDT-induced CRC cell death rates (34% ***) when compared to PDT PS administration alone (15% *). These results indicated that the improved PDD and PDT outcomes were due to the specific PS accumulation in CRC cells through nanoparticle carriage and bioactive anti-GCC targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (N.W.N.S.); (H.A.)
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Luo T, Nash GT, Xu Z, Jiang X, Liu J, Lin W. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework Confines Zinc-Phthalocyanine Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13519-13524. [PMID: 34424712 PMCID: PMC8414475 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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The performance of
photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on the solubility,
pharmacokinetic behaviors, and photophysical properties of photosensitizers
(PSs). However, highly conjugated PSs with strong reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation efficiency tend to have poor solubility
and aggregate in aqueous environments, leading to suboptimal PDT performance.
Here, we report a new strategy to load highly conjugated but poorly
soluble zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnP) PSs in the pores of a Hf12-QC (QC = 2″,3′-dinitro-[1,1’:4′,1”;4″,1’”-quaterphenyl]-4,4’”-dicarboxylate)
nanoscale metal–organic framework to afford ZnP@Hf-QC with
spatially confined ZnP PSs. ZnP@Hf-QC avoids aggregation-induced quenching
of ZnP excited states to significantly enhance ROS generation upon
light irradiation. With higher cellular uptake, enhanced ROS generation,
and better biocompatibility, ZnP@Hf-QC mediated PDT exhibited an IC50 of 0.14 μM and achieved exceptional antitumor efficacy
with >99% tumor growth inhibition and 80% cure rates on two murine
colon cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Geoffrey T Nash
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziwan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Suárez-García S, Solórzano R, Alibés R, Busqué F, Novio F, Ruiz-Molina D. Antitumour activity of coordination polymer nanoparticles. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Gou Y, Huang G, Li J, Yang F, Liang H. Versatile delivery systems for non-platinum metal-based anticancer therapeutic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Zheng Y, Ye J, Li Z, Chen H, Gao Y. Recent progress in sono-photodynamic cancer therapy: From developed new sensitizers to nanotechnology-based efficacy-enhancing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2197-2219. [PMID: 34522584 PMCID: PMC8424231 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many sensitizers have not only photodynamic effects, but also sonodynamic effects. Therefore, the combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using sensitizers for sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) provides alternative opportunities for clinical cancer therapy. Although significant advances have been made in synthesizing new sensitizers for SPDT, few of them are successfully applied in clinical settings. The anti-tumor effects of the sensitizers are restricted by the lack of tumor-targeting specificity, incapability in deep intratumoral delivery, and the deteriorating tumor microenvironment. The application of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) can solve the above shortcomings, thereby improving the SPDT efficacy. This review summarizes various sensitizers as sono/photosensitizers that can be further used in SPDT, and describes different strategies for enhancing tumor treatment by NDDSs, such as overcoming biological barriers, improving tumor-targeted delivery and intratumoral delivery, providing stimuli-responsive controlled-release characteristics, stimulating anti-tumor immunity, increasing oxygen supply, employing different therapeutic modalities, and combining diagnosis and treatment. The challenges and prospects for further development of intelligent sensitizers and translational NDDSs for SPDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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47
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Magadla A, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Positively charged styryl pyridine substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy and photoantimicrobial chemotherapy: effect of the number of charges. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9129-9136. [PMID: 34115081 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic Zn phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized using Knoevenagel reaction starting from a Zn(ii) tetrakis(2-formylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (1) to form Zn(ii) tetrakis(1-butyl-4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)pyridin-1-ium) phthalocyanine (2) and Zn(ii) tetrakis(4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)-1-(4-(triphenylphosphonio)butyl)pyridin-1-ium)phthalocyanine (3). The photophysicochemical behaviours of the Pc complexes were assessed. The cationic complexes display high water-solubility and gave moderate singlet oxygen quantum yield in water. The cationic Pcs demonstrate good cellular uptake and photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 8.2 and 4.9 μM for 2 and 3, respectively. The cationic Pcs also demonstrate high photoantimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with log reductions of 5.3 and 6.0 for 2 and 3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviwe Magadla
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
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Lange N, Szlasa W, Saczko J, Chwiłkowska A. Potential of Cyanine Derived Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:818. [PMID: 34072719 PMCID: PMC8229084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of cancer treatment that leads to the disintegration of cancer cells and has developed significantly in recent years. The clinically used photosensitizers are primarily porphyrin, which absorbs light in the red spectrum and their absorbance maxima are relatively short. This review presents group of compounds and their derivatives that are considered to be potential photosensitizers in PDT. Cyanine dyes are compounds that typically absorb light in the visible to near-infrared-I (NIR-I) spectrum range (750-900 nm). This meta-analysis comprises the current studies on cyanine dye derivatives, such as indocyanine green (so far used solely as a diagnostic agent), heptamethine and pentamethine dyes, squaraine dyes, merocyanines and phthalocyanines. The wide array of the cyanine derivatives arises from their structural modifications (e.g., halogenation, incorporation of metal atoms or organic structures, or synthesis of lactosomes, emulsions or conjugation). All the following modifications aim to increase solubility in aqueous media, enhance phototoxicity, and decrease photobleaching. In addition, the changes introduce new features like pH-sensitivity. The cyanine dyes involved in photodynamic reactions could be incorporated into sets of PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lange
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (N.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (N.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Schmidt AM, Calvete MJF. Phthalocyanines: An Old Dog Can Still Have New (Photo)Tricks! Molecules 2021; 26:2823. [PMID: 34068708 PMCID: PMC8126243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines have enjoyed throughout the years the benefits of being exquisite compounds with many favorable properties arising from the straightforward and diverse possibilities of their structural modulation. Last decades appreciated a steady growth in applications for phthalocyanines, particularly those dependent on their great photophysical properties, now used in several cutting-edge technologies, particularly in photonic applications. Judging by the vivid reports currently provided by many researchers around the world, the spotlight remains assured. This review deals with the use of phthalocyanine molecules in innovative materials in photo-applications. Beyond a comprehensive view on the recent discoveries, a critical review of the most acclaimed/considered reports is the driving force, providing a brief and direct insight on the latest milestones in phthalocyanine photonic-based science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Schmidt
- LifeEstetika, Laser Solutions, Universitätstadt Tübingen, Maria-von-Linden Strasse, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Mário J. F. Calvete
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Harmandar K, Saglam MF, Sengul IF, Ekineker G, Balcik-Ercin P, Göksel M, Atilla D. Novel triazole containing zinc(II)phthalocyanine Schiff bases: Determination of photophysical and photochemical properties for photodynamic cancer therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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