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Lewandowska J, Kalenik B, Wrzosek A, Szewczyk A. Redox Regulation of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:434. [PMID: 38671882 PMCID: PMC11047711 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions exert a profound influence on numerous cellular functions with mitochondria playing a central role in orchestrating these processes. This pivotal involvement arises from three primary factors: (1) the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, (2) the presence of a substantial array of redox enzymes such as respiratory chain, and (3) the responsiveness of mitochondria to the cellular redox state. Within the inner mitochondrial membrane, a group of potassium channels, including ATP-regulated, large conductance calcium-activated, and voltage-regulated channels, is present. These channels play a crucial role in conditions such as cytoprotection, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammation. Notably, the activity of mitochondrial potassium channels is intricately governed by redox reactions. Furthermore, the regulatory influence extends to other proteins, such as kinases, which undergo redox modifications. This review aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the modulation of mitochondrial potassium channels through diverse redox reactions with a specific focus on the involvement of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.L.); (B.K.); (A.W.)
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2
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Saleh DO, El-Nasr NMEA, Fayez AM, Ahmed KA, Mohamed RA. Uro-protective role of chrysin against cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats involving the turning-off NF-κB/P38-MAPK, NO/PARP-1 and STAT-3 signaling cascades. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110585. [PMID: 37263553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic agents are used to treat a wide range of cancer types, but they cause serious side effects which must be managed after treatment. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is one of chemotherapeutic drugs that causes hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) induced by acrolein. OBJECTIVE The current investigation intended to uncover the role of chrysin (CHR) in CYP-induced HC in rats and explore the signaling pathway beyond this effect. ANALYSIS process: A single dose of CYP (200 mg/kg/IP) was injected, meanwhile CHR (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, P.O) was administered respectively for 7 days prior to CYP administration and resume for 7 days afterwards. Urinary bladder tissue was then isolated from all rats to assess oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Moreover, histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS Treatment with CHR showed a marked alleviation in oxidative stress biomarkers induced by CYP. Furthermore, CHR treatment presented a dose-dependent boost in the anti-inflammatory; IL-10 levels and a drop in the pro-inflammatory biomarkers; IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, stabilization of the PARP-1 protein expression was also detected thus preventing DNA damage. Similarly, CHR restored the urinary bladder cGMP levels. Notably, CHR treatment was accompanied with inhibition in NF-κB/p38-MAPK, NO/PARP-1 and STAT-3 signaling pathways inflammatory cascades. All these findings conformed with the histopathological examinations as well as iNOS immunostaining in the urinary bladder tissue. CONCLUSION Co-administration of CHR and CYP attained uro-protective therapeutic potential to guard against HC as well as spot the tangled mechanism of CHR in attenuating the HC induced by CYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia O Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nesma M E Abo El-Nasr
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Fayez
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Reem A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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3
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Kulawiak B, Żochowska M, Bednarczyk P, Galuba A, Stroud DA, Szewczyk A. Loss of the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel causes an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in glioblastoma cells. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1045-1060. [PMID: 37401985 PMCID: PMC10409681 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels play an important role in cellular physiology. These channels are expressed in healthy tissues and cancer cells. Activation of mitoK channels can protect neurons and cardiac tissue against injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. In cancer cells, inhibition of mitoK channels leads to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which leads to cell death. In glioma cell activity of the mitochondrial, large conductance calcium-activated potassium (mitoBKCa) channel is regulated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In our project, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology in human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells to generate knockout cell lines lacking the α-subunit of the BKCa channel encoded by the KCNMA1 gene, which also encodes cardiac mitoBKCa. Mitochondrial patch-clamp experiments showed the absence of an active mitoBKCa channel in knockout cells. Additionally, the absence of this channel resulted in increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. However, analysis of the mitochondrial respiration rate did not show significant changes in oxygen consumption in the cell lines lacking BKCa channels compared to the wild-type U-87 MG cell line. These observations were reflected in the expression levels of selected mitochondrial genes, organization of the respiratory chain, and mitochondrial morphology, which did not show significant differences between the analyzed cell lines. In conclusion, we show that in U-87 MG cells, the pore-forming subunit of the mitoBKCa channel is encoded by the KCNMA1 gene. Additionally, the presence of this channel is important for the regulation of reactive oxygen species levels in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Żochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galuba
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Kadam A, Jadiya P, Tomar D. Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196466. [PMID: 37601094 PMCID: PMC10434574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Behera R, Sharma V, Grewal AK, Kumar A, Arora B, Najda A, Albadrani GM, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM, Singh TG. Mechanistic correlation between mitochondrial permeability transition pores and mitochondrial ATP dependent potassium channels in ischemia reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114599. [PMID: 37004326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the fundamental causes of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage. I/R refers to the paradoxical progression of cellular dysfunction and death that occurs when blood flow is restored to previously ischemic tissues. I/R causes a significant rise in mitochondrial permeability resulting in the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP). The MPTP are broad, nonspecific channels present in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and are known to mediate the deadly permeability alterations that trigger mitochondrial driven cell death. Protection from reperfusion injury occurs when long-term ischemia is accompanied by short-term ischemic episodes or inhibition of MPTP from opening via mitochondrial ATP dependent potassium (mitoKATP) channels. These channels located in the IMM, play an essential role in ischemia preconditioning (PC) and protect against cell death by blocking MPTP opening. This review primarily focuses on the interaction between the MPTP and mitoKATP along with their role in the I/R injury. This article also describes the molecular composition of the MPTP and mitoKATP in order to promote future knowledge and treatment of diverse I/R injuries in various organs.
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6
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Szabo I, Szewczyk A. Mitochondrial Ion Channels. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:229-254. [PMID: 37159294 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-092622-094853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in multiple cellular tasks, such as ATP synthesis, metabolism, metabolite and ion transport, regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, signaling, and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. The majority of the correct functioning of mitochondria is based on the large electrochemical proton gradient, whose component, the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, is strictly controlled by ion transport through mitochondrial membranes. Consequently, mitochondrial function is critically dependent on ion homeostasis, the disturbance of which leads to abnormal cell functions. Therefore, the discovery of mitochondrial ion channels influencing ion permeability through the membrane has defined a new dimension of the function of ion channels in different cell types, mainly linked to the important tasks that mitochondrial ion channels perform in cell life and death. This review summarizes studies on animal mitochondrial ion channels with special focus on their biophysical properties, molecular identity, and regulation. Additionally, the potential of mitochondrial ion channels as therapeutic targets for several diseases is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy;
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;
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Malas KM, Lambert DS, Heisner JS, Camara AKS, Stowe DF. Time and charge/pH-dependent activation of K + channel-mediated K + influx and K +/H + exchange in guinea pig heart isolated mitochondria; role in bioenergetic stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148908. [PMID: 35961396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role not only in producing energy for the cell but also for regulating mitochondrial and cell function depending on the cell's needs and environment. Uptake of cations, anions, and substrates requires a stable, polarized transmembrane charge potential (ΔΨm). Chemiosmosis requires ion exchangers to remove Na+, K+, Ca2+, PO43-, and other charged species that enter mitochondria. Knowledge of the kinetics of mitochondrial (m) cation channels and exchangers is important in understanding their roles in regulating mitochondrial chemiosmosis and bioenergetics. The influx/efflux of K+, the most abundant mitochondrial cation, alters mitochondrial volume and shape by bringing in anions and H2O by osmosis. The effects of K+ uptake through ligand-specific mK+ channels stimulated/inhibited by agonists/antagonists on mitochondrial volume (swelling/contraction) are well known. However, a more important role for K+ influx is likely its effects on H+ cycling and bioenergetics facilitated by mitochondrial (m) K+/H+ exchange (mKHE), though the kinetics and consequences of K+ efflux by KHE are not well described. We hypothesized that a major role of K+ influx/efflux is stimulation of respiration via the influx of H+ by KHE. We proposed to modulate KHE activity by energizing guinea pig heart isolated mitochondria and by altering the mK+ cycle to capture changes in mitochondrial volume, pHm, ΔΨm, and respiration that would reflect a role for H+ influx via KHE to regulate bioenergetics. To test this, mitochondria were suspended in a 150 mM K+ buffer at pH 6.9, or in a 140 mM Cs+ buffer at pH 7.6 or 6.9 with added 10 mM K+, minimal Ca2+ and free of Na+. O2 content was measured by a Clark electrode, and pHm, ΔΨm, and volume, were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry and light-scattering. Adding pyruvic acid (PA) alone caused increases in volume and respiration and a rapid decrease in the transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpHm = pHin-pHext) at pHext 6.9> > 7.6, so that ΔΨm was charged and maintained. BKCa agonist NS1619 and antagonist paxilline modified these effects, and KHE inhibitor quinine and K+ ionophore valinomycin depolarized ΔΨm. We postulate that K+ efflux-induced H+ influx via KHE causes an inward H+ leak that stimulates respiration, but at buffer pH 6.9 also utilizes the energy of ΔpHm, the smaller component of the overall proton motive force, ΔμH+. Thus ΔpHm establishes and maintains the ΔΨm required for utilization of substrates, entry of all cations, and for oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, K+ influx/efflux appears to play a pivotal role in regulating energetics while maintaining mitochondrial ionic balance and volume homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Malas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David S Lambert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James S Heisner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David F Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Zablocki Veterans Administration, Research Service, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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8
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Zhang L, Dietsche F, Seitaj B, Rojas-Charry L, Latchman N, Tomar D, Wüst RC, Nickel A, Frauenknecht KB, Schoser B, Schumann S, Schmeisser MJ, Vom Berg J, Buch T, Finger S, Wenzel P, Maack C, Elrod JW, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Methner A. TMBIM5 loss of function alters mitochondrial matrix ion homeostasis and causes a skeletal myopathy. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201478. [PMID: 35715207 PMCID: PMC9206080 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TMBIM5 deficiency reduces mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange. Mutation of the channel pore in mice destabilizes the protein and results in increased embryonic lethality and a skeletal myopathy. Ion fluxes across the inner mitochondrial membrane control mitochondrial volume, energy production, and apoptosis. TMBIM5, a highly conserved protein with homology to putative pH-dependent ion channels, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae architecture, ATP production, and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that overexpressed TMBIM5 can mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake. Under steady-state conditions, loss of TMBIM5 results in increased potassium and reduced proton levels in the mitochondrial matrix caused by attenuated exchange of these ions. To identify the in vivo consequences of TMBIM5 dysfunction, we generated mice carrying a mutation in the channel pore. These mutant mice display increased embryonic or perinatal lethality and a skeletal myopathy which strongly correlates with tissue-specific disruption of cristae architecture, early opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reduced calcium uptake capability, and mitochondrial swelling. Our results demonstrate that TMBIM5 is an essential and important part of the mitochondrial ion transport system machinery with particular importance for embryonic development and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Seitaj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliana Rojas-Charry
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadina Latchman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rob Ci Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bm Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Clinic, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Kampa RP, Flori L, Sęk A, Spezzini J, Brogi S, Szewczyk A, Calderone V, Bednarczyk P, Testai L. Luteolin-Induced Activation of Mitochondrial BK Ca Channels: Undisclosed Mechanism of Cytoprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1892. [PMID: 36290615 PMCID: PMC9598376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin (LUT) is a well-known flavonoid that exhibits a number of beneficial properties. Among these, it shows cardioprotective effects, as confirmed by numerous studies. However, its effect on mitochondrial potassium channels, the activation of which is related to cytoprotection, as well as on heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage prevention, has not yet been investigated. The large conductance calcium-regulated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) has been identified in both the mitochondria of the vascular endothelial cells, which plays a significant role in the functioning of the cardiovascular system under oxidative stress-related conditions, and in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes, where it is deeply involved in cardiac protection against I/R injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of the mitoBKCa channel in luteolin-induced cytoprotection. A number of in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo and in silico studies have confirmed that luteolin activates this channel in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, which in turn leads to the protection of the endothelium and a significant reduction in the extent of damage resulting from myocardial infarction, where this effect was partially abolished by the mitoBKCa channel blocker paxilline. In conclusion, these results suggest that luteolin has cardioprotective effects, at least in part, through the activation of the mitoBKCa channel, shedding light on a new putative mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał P. Kampa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 6 via Bonanno Pisano, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 6 via Bonanno Pisano, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Sęk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 6 via Bonanno Pisano, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 6 via Bonanno Pisano, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 6 via Bonanno Pisano, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW (WULS-SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 6 via Bonanno Pisano, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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Kulawiak B, Szewczyk A. Current Challenges of Mitochondrial Potassium Channel Research. Front Physiol 2022; 13:907015. [PMID: 35711307 PMCID: PMC9193220 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.907015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the current challenges of mitochondrial potassium channels research were critically reviewed. Even though recent progress in understanding K+ traffic in mitochondria has been substantial, some basic issues of this process remain unresolved. Here, we focused on the critical discussion of the molecular identity of various mitochondrial potassium channels. This point helps to clarify why there are different potassium channels in specific mitochondria. We also described interactions of mitochondrial potassium channel subunits with other mitochondrial proteins. Posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial potassium channels and their import are essential but unexplored research areas. Additionally, problems with the pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial potassium channel were illustrated. Finally, the limitation of the techniques used to measure mitochondrial potassium channels was explained. We believe that recognizing these problems may be interesting for readers but will also help to progress the field of mitochondrial potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Kumar GD, Banasiewicz M, Wrzosek A, Kampa RP, Bousquet MHE, Kusy D, Jacquemin D, Szewczyk A, Gryko DT. Probing the flux of mitochondrial potassium using an azacrown-diketopyrrolopyrrole based highly sensitive probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4500-4503. [PMID: 35302138 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00324d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diketopyrrolopyrrole bearing an aza-18-crown-6 as a binding unit as well as a PPh3+ group is highly sensitive towards K+ and localizes selectively in mitochondria of cardiac H9C2 cells. Fast efflux/influx of mitochondrial K+ can be observed upon stimulation with nigericin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafal P Kampa
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-4400 Nantes, France.
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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Wrzosek A, Gałecka S, Żochowska M, Olszewska A, Kulawiak B. Alternative Targets for Modulators of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Molecules 2022; 27:299. [PMID: 35011530 PMCID: PMC8746388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium channels control potassium influx into the mitochondrial matrix and thus regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, volume, respiration, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been found that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial potassium channels during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury activates cytoprotective mechanisms resulting in increased cell survival. In cancer cells, the inhibition of these channels leads to increased cell death. Therefore, mitochondrial potassium channels are intriguing targets for the development of new pharmacological strategies. In most cases, however, the substances that modulate the mitochondrial potassium channels have a few alternative targets in the cell. This may result in unexpected or unwanted effects induced by these compounds. In our review, we briefly present the various classes of mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels and describe the chemical compounds that modulate their activity. We also describe examples of the multidirectional activity of the activators and inhibitors of mitochondrial potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Wrzosek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Monika Żochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
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14
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Zhang X, Li G. Effects of a mitochondrial-acting drug on ischemia/reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac mitochondrial function and inflammatory cytokines in rat: Role of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced myocardial arrhythmias are a common clinical manifestation in patients with myocardial infarction after reperfusion therapy. Mitochondria play a critical role in cardioprotection. Here, we investigated the effects of KH176 as a new mitochondrial-acting drug on IR-induced ventricular arrhythmias, mitochondrial function, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and the role of mitochondrial ATP-dependent K (mK-ATP) channels in rats’ hearts. Methods The hearts of Sprague Dawley rats (250 ± 30 g; 36 rats) underwent 35 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial in vivo ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. KH176 at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM was intraperitoneally injected to rats 10 min before reperfusion onset. Ventricular arrhythmias were quantified during reperfusion, and cardiac mitochondrial function, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were measured by fluorometric, spectrophotometric, and ELISA techniques. Results Administration of KH176 significantly reduced lactate-dehydrogenase release and the number, duration, incidence, and severity of ventricular arrhythmias induced by reperfusion injury. IR-induced elevation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP and nitric oxide levels were significantly restored by KH176 at 50 μM. However, the blockade of mK-ATP channels by 5-hydroxydecanoate considerably inhibited the effects of KH176 on all parameters except nitric oxide. Conclusion KH176 showed strong cardiac antiarrhythmic effects on IR-induced injury through improving mitochondrial function and reducing inflammatory and oxidative responses, and these protective effects are mediated by cardiac mK-ATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital, China
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Torregroza C, Glashoerster CO, Feige K, Stroethoff M, Raupach A, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Mediation of the Cardioprotective Effects of Mannitol Discovered, with Refutation of Common Protein Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212471. [PMID: 34830353 PMCID: PMC8625521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The osmodiuretic agent Mannitol exerts cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury when applied as a pre- and/or postconditioning stimulus. Previously, we demonstrated that these properties are mediated via the activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mKATP) channels. However, considering Mannitol remains in the extracellular compartment, the question arises as to which receptor and intracellular signaling cascades are involved in myocardial protection by the osmodiuretic substance. Protein kinase B (Akt) and G (PKG), as part of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and/or endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS)/PKG pathway, are two well-investigated intracellular targets conferring myocardial protection upstream of mitochondrial potassium channels. Adenosine receptor subtypes have been shown to trigger different cardioprotective pathways, for example, the reperfusion injury. Further, Mannitol induces an increased activation of the adenosine 1 receptor (A1R) in renal cells conferring its nephroprotective properties. Therefore, we investigated whether (1) Akt and PKG are possible signaling targets involved in Mannitol-induced conditioning upstream of the mKATP channel and/or whether (2) cardioprotection by Mannitol is mediated via activation of the A1R. All experiments were performed on male Wistar rats in vitro employing the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion technique with infarct size determination as the primary endpoint. To unravel possible protein kinase activation, Mannitol was applied in combination with the Akt (MK2206) or PKG (KT5823) inhibitor. In further groups, an A1R blocker (DPCPX) was given with or without Mannitol. Preconditioning with Mannitol (Man) significantly reduced the infarct size compared to the control group. Co-administration of the A1R blocker DPXPC fully abolished myocardial protection of Mannitol. Interestingly and in contrast to the initial hypothesis, neither administration of the Akt nor the PKG blocker had any impact on the cardioprotective properties of Mannitol-induced preconditioning. These results are quite unexpected and show that the protein kinases Akt and PKG—as possible targets of known protective signaling cascades—are not involved in Mannitol-induced preconditioning. However, the cardioprotective effects of Mannitol are mediated via the A1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Torregroza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (C.O.G.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (R.H.)
| | - Chiara O. Glashoerster
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (C.O.G.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (R.H.)
| | - Katharina Feige
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (C.O.G.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Stroethoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (C.O.G.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (R.H.)
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (C.O.G.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (R.H.)
| | - André Heinen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location AMC, Meiberdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.T.); (C.O.G.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (R.H.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kerckhoff-Clinic GmbH, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Wang X, An P, Gu Z, Luo Y, Luo J. Mitochondrial Metal Ion Transport in Cell Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147525. [PMID: 34299144 PMCID: PMC8305404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital to life and provide biological energy for other organelles and cell physiological processes. On the mitochondrial double layer membrane, there are a variety of channels and transporters to transport different metal ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that the metal ion transport is essential for mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP production, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial volume, enzyme activity, signal transduction, proliferation and apoptosis. The homeostasis of mitochondrial metal ions plays an important role in maintaining mitochondria and cell functions and regulating multiple diseases. In particular, channels and transporters for transporting mitochondrial metal ions are very critical, which can be used as potential targets to treat neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current research on several types of mitochondrial metal ion channels/transporters and their functions in cell metabolism and diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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Kulawiak B, Bednarczyk P, Szewczyk A. Multidimensional Regulation of Cardiac Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Cells 2021; 10:1554. [PMID: 34205420 PMCID: PMC8235349 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a fundamental role in the energetics of cardiac cells. Moreover, mitochondria are involved in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore which is the major cause of cell death. The preservation of mitochondrial function is an essential component of the cardioprotective mechanism. The involvement of mitochondrial K+ transport in this complex phenomenon seems to be well established. Several mitochondrial K+ channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane, such as ATP-sensitive, voltage-regulated, calcium-activated and Na+-activated channels, have been discovered. This obliges us to ask the following question: why is the simple potassium ion influx process carried out by several different mitochondrial potassium channels? In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of both the properties of mitochondrial potassium channels in cardiac mitochondria and the current understanding of their multidimensional functional role. We also critically summarize the pharmacological modulation of these proteins within the context of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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18
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Gałecka S, Kulawiak B, Bednarczyk P, Singh H, Szewczyk A. Single channel properties of mitochondrial large conductance potassium channel formed by BK-VEDEC splice variant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10925. [PMID: 34035423 PMCID: PMC8149700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of mitochondrial large conductance calcium-activated potassium (mitoBKCa) channels increases cell survival during ischemia/reperfusion injury of cardiac cells. The basic biophysical and pharmacological properties of mitoBKCa correspond to the properties of the BKCa channels from the plasma membrane. It has been suggested that the VEDEC splice variant of the KCNMA1 gene product encoding plasma membrane BKCa is targeted toward mitochondria. However there has been no direct evidence that this protein forms a functional channel in mitochondria. In our study, we used HEK293T cells to express the VEDEC splice variant and observed channel activity in mitochondria using the mitoplast patch-clamp technique. For the first time, we found that transient expression with the VEDEC isoform resulted in channel activity with the conductance of 290 ± 3 pS. The channel was voltage-dependent and activated by calcium ions. Moreover, the activity of the channel was stimulated by the potassium channel opener NS11021 and inhibited by hemin and paxilline, which are known BKCa channel blockers. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed the partial colocalization of the channel within the mitochondria. From these results, we conclude that the VEDEC isoform of the BKCa channel forms a functional channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, our data show that HEK293T cells are a promising experimental model for expression and electrophysiological studies of mitochondrial potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Bustos G, Ahumada-Castro U, Silva-Pavez E, Puebla A, Lovy A, Cesar Cardenas J. The ER-mitochondria Ca 2+ signaling in cancer progression: Fueling the monster. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 363:49-121. [PMID: 34392932 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. All major tumor suppressors and oncogenes are now recognized to have fundamental connections with metabolic pathways. A hallmark feature of cancer cells is a reprogramming of their metabolism even when nutrients are available. Increasing evidence indicates that most cancer cells rely on mitochondrial metabolism to sustain their energetic and biosynthetic demands. Mitochondria are functionally and physically coupled to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major calcium (Ca2+) storage organelle in mammalian cells, through special domains known as mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS). In this domain, the release of Ca2+ from the ER is mainly regulated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs), a family of Ca2+ release channels activated by the ligand IP3. IP3R mediated Ca2+ release is transferred to mitochondria through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). Once in the mitochondrial matrix, Ca2+ activates several proteins that stimulate mitochondrial performance. The role of IP3R and MCU in cancer, as well as the other proteins that enable the Ca2+ communication between these two organelles is just beginning to be understood. Here, we describe the function of the main players of the ER mitochondrial Ca2+ communication and discuss how this particular signal may contribute to the rise and development of cancer traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galdo Bustos
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulises Ahumada-Castro
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Silva-Pavez
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Puebla
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alenka Lovy
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - J Cesar Cardenas
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.
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20
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Feige K, Rubbert J, Raupach A, Stroethoff M, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R, Torregroza C. Cardioprotective Properties of Mannitol-Involvement of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2395. [PMID: 33673646 PMCID: PMC7957595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac preconditioning (PC) and postconditioning (PoC) are powerful measures against the consequences of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mannitol-a hyperosmolar solution-is clinically used for treatment of intracranial and intraocular pressure or promotion of diuresis in renal failure. Next to these clinical indications, different organ-protective properties-e.g., perioperative neuroprotection-are described. However, whether Mannitol also confers cardioprotection via a pre- and/or postconditioning stimulus, possibly reducing consequences of I/R injury, remains to be seen. Therefore, in the present study we investigated whether (1) Mannitol-induced pre- and/or postconditioning induces myocardial infarct size reduction and (2) activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mKATP) channels is involved in cardioprotection by Mannitol. Experiments were performed on isolated hearts of male Wistar rats via a pressure controlled Langendorff system, randomized into 7 groups. Each heart underwent 33 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Control hearts (Con) received Krebs-Henseleit buffer as vehicle only. Pre- and postconditioning was achieved by administration of 11 mmol/L Mannitol for 10 min before ischemia (Man-PC) or immediately at the onset of reperfusion (Man-PoC), respectively. In further groups, the mKATP channel blocker 5HD, was applied with and without Mannitol, to determine the potential underlying cardioprotective mechanisms. Primary endpoint was infarct size, determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Mannitol significantly reduced infarct size both as a pre- (Man-PC) and postconditioning (Man-PoC) stimulus compared to control hearts (Man-PC: 31 ± 4%; Man-PoC: 35 ± 6%, each p < 0.05 vs. Con: 57 ± 9%). The mKATP channel inhibitor completely abrogated the cardioprotective effect of Mannitol-induced pre- (5HD-PC-Man-PC: 59 ± 8%, p < 0.05 vs. Man-PC) and postconditioning (5HD-PoC-Man-PoC: 59 ± 10% vs. p < 0.05 Man-PoC). Infarct size was not influenced by 5HD itself (5HD-PC: 60 ± 14%; 5HD-PoC: 54 ± 14%, each ns vs. Con). This study demonstrates that Mannitol (1) induces myocardial pre- and postconditioning and (2) confers cardioprotection via activation of mKATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Feige
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Janine Rubbert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Martin Stroethoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - André Heinen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location AMC, Meiberdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Carolin Torregroza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
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21
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Li C, Chen M, He X, Ouyang D. A mini-review on ion fluxes that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:131-139. [PMID: 33355638 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can be induced by a wide spectrum of activators. This is unlikely achieved by the binding of different activators directly to the NLRP3 protein itself, as the activators found so far show different forms of chemical structures. Previous studies have shown that these activators can induce potassium ion (K+) and chloride ion (Cl-) efflux, calcium (Ca2+) and other ion mobilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lysosomal disruption, all of which are believed to cause NLRP3 inflammasome activation; how these events are induced by the activators and how they coordinate with each other in inducing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation are not fully understood. Increasing evidence suggests that the coordinated change of intracellular ion concentrations may be a common mechanism for the NLRP3 activation by different activators. In this mini-review, we present a brief summary of the current knowledge about how different ionic flows (including K+, sodium ion, Ca2+, magnesium ion, manganese ion, zinc ion, iron ion, and Cl-) are involved in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mingye Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xianhui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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22
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Testai L, Sestito S, Martelli A, Gorica E, Flori L, Calderone V, Rapposelli S. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of mitochondrial K ATP channel openers with enhanced mitochondriotropic effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104572. [PMID: 33418316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role for deciding fate of cells and thus are considered an attractive target for pharmacological interventions focused on containment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notably, the activation of mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels produces a mild depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, that contributes to reduce the driving force to calcium uptake and prevents the formation of mitochondrial transition membrane pore (MPTP); these events underlie anti-ischemic cardioprotection. However, an ideal mitoK channel opener should possess the fundamental requirement to be delivered at mitochondrial level; therefore, to improve the mitochondrial delivery of a previously characterized spirocyclic benzopyrane F81, new compounds have been developed. The three original triphenylphosphonium (TPP+)-derivatives of F81 (1-3), were evaluated for their cardioprotective activity on both isolated cardiac mitochondria and cardiac H9c2 cell line. Compound 1 was further investigated in an in vivo infarct model. This work confirms that the TPP+ strategy applied to mitoKATP openers could foster mitochondrial delivery and enhance the cardioprotective effects of mitochondrial activators of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing Pisa University, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Wrzosek A, Augustynek B, Żochowska M, Szewczyk A. Mitochondrial Potassium Channels as Druggable Targets. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1200. [PMID: 32824877 PMCID: PMC7466137 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium channels have been described as important factors in cell pro-life and death phenomena. The activation of mitochondrial potassium channels, such as ATP-regulated or calcium-activated large conductance potassium channels, may have cytoprotective effects in cardiac or neuronal tissue. It has also been shown that inhibition of the mitochondrial Kv1.3 channel may lead to cancer cell death. Hence, in this paper, we examine the concept of the druggability of mitochondrial potassium channels. To what extent are mitochondrial potassium channels an important, novel, and promising drug target in various organs and tissues? The druggability of mitochondrial potassium channels will be discussed within the context of channel molecular identity, the specificity of potassium channel openers and inhibitors, and the unique regulatory properties of mitochondrial potassium channels. Future prospects of the druggability concept of mitochondrial potassium channels will be evaluated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (B.A.); (M.Ż.)
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