1
|
Hume E, Cossio ML, Vargas P, Cubillos MP, Maccioni A, Lay-Son G. Another face of RASA1: Report of familial germline variant in RASA1 with dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63711. [PMID: 38934655 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
RASopathies encompass a diverse set of disorders affecting genes that encode proteins within the RAS-MAPK pathway. RASA1 mutations are the cause of an autosomal dominant disorder called capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation type 1 (CM-AVM1). Unlike other RASopathies, facial dysmorphism has not been described in these patients. We phenotypically delineated a large family of individuals with multifocal fast-flow capillary malformations, severe lymphatic anomalies of perinatal onset, and dysmorphic features not previously described. Sequencing studies were performed on probands and related family members, confirming the segregation of dysmorphic features in affected members of a novel heterozygous variant in RASA1 (NM_002890.3:c.2366G>A, p.(Arg789Gln)). In this work, we broaden the phenotypic spectrum of CM-AVM type 1 and propose a new RASA1 variant as likely pathogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Hume
- Sección de Genética y Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo, División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Laura Cossio
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Vargas
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Materno Fetal, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
- División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Cubillos
- Servicio de Neonatología, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Maccioni
- Servicio de Neonatología, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neonatología, División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Lay-Son
- Sección de Genética y Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo, División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Genética, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Jang H, Nussinov R. SHP2-EGFR States in Dephosphorylation Can Inform Selective SHP2 Inhibitors, Dampening RasGAP Action. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5175-5187. [PMID: 38747619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
SHP2 is a positive regulator of the EGFR-dependent Ras/MAPK pathway. It dephosphorylates a regulatory phosphorylation site in EGFR that serves as the binding site to RasGAP (RASA1 or p120RasGAP). RASA1 is activated by binding to the EGFR phosphate group. Active RASA1 deactivates Ras by hydrolyzing Ras-bound GTP to GDP. Thus, SHP2 dephosphorylation of EGFR effectively prevents RASA1-mediated deactivation of Ras, thereby stimulating proliferation. Despite knowledge of this vital regulation in cell life, mechanistic in-depth structural understanding of the involvement of SHP2, EGFR, and RASA1 in the Ras/MAPK pathway has largely remained elusive. Here we elucidate the interactions, the factors influencing EGFR's recruitment of RASA1, and SHP2's recognition of the substrate site in EGFR. We reveal that RASA1 specifically interacts with the DEpY992LIP motif in EGFR featuring a proline residue at the +3 position C-terminal to pY primarily through its nSH2 domain. This interaction is strengthened by the robust attraction of two acidic residues, E991 and D990, of EGFR to two basic residues in the BC-loop near the pY-binding pocket of RASA1's nSH2. In the stable precatalytic state of SHP2 with EGFR (DADEpY992LIPQ), the E-loop of SHP2's active site favors the interaction with the (-2)-position D990 and (-4)-position D988 N-terminal to pY992 in EGFR, while the pY-loop constrains the (+4)-position Q996 C-terminal to pY992. These specific interactions not only provide a structural basis for identifying negative regulatory sites in other RTKs but can inform selective, high-affinity active-site SHP2 inhibitors tailored for SHP2 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye W, Lu X, Qiao Y, Ou WB. Activity and resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189108. [PMID: 38723697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with a high mortality rate. Mutations in the V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS) are frequently observed in these cancers. Owing to its structural attributes, KRAS has traditionally been regarded as an "undruggable" target. However, recent advances have identified a novel mutational regulatory site, KRASG12C switch II, leading to the development of two KRASG12C inhibitors (adagrasib and sotorasib) that are FDA-approved. This groundbreaking discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the KRAS locus and offers treatment options for patients with NSCLC harboring KRAS mutations. Due to the presence of alternative resistance pathways, the use of KRASG12C inhibitors as a standalone treatment for patients with CRC is not considered optimal. However, the combination of KRASG12C inhibitors with other targeted drugs has demonstrated greater efficacy in CRC patients harboring KRAS mutations. Furthermore, NSCLC and CRC patients harboring KRASG12C mutations inevitably develop primary or acquired resistance to drug therapy. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of resistance mechanisms, such as secondary mutations of KRAS, mutations of downstream intermediates, co-mutations with KRAS, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMTs), and tumor remodeling, the implementation of KRASG12C inhibitor-based combination therapy holds promise as a viable solution. Furthermore, the emergence of protein hydrolysis-targeted chimeras and molecular glue technologies has been facilitated by collaborative efforts in structural science and pharmacology. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in various aspects related to the KRAS gene, including the KRAS signaling pathway, tumor immunity, and immune microenvironment crosstalk, as well as the latest developments in KRASG12C inhibitors and mechanisms of resistance. In addition, this study discusses the strategies used to address drug resistance in light of the crosstalk between these factors. In the coming years, there will likely be advancements in the development of more efficacious pharmaceuticals and targeted therapeutic approaches for treating NSCLC and CRC. Consequently, individuals with KRAS-mutant NSCLC may experience a prolonged response duration and improved treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu WF, Zhang QW, Quan B, Zhang F, Li M, Lu SX, Dong L, Yin X, Liu BB. Gas7 attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma progression and chemoresistance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110908. [PMID: 37769891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest-specific gene 7 (Gas7) was involved in various cellular functions, although its specific roles and molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remained unclear. So the current study was to investigate the role of Gas7 in HCC. Our findings revealed that Gas7 was downregulated in various HCC cell lines and low Gas7 expression was associated with decreased overall survival in patients with HCC. Additionally, our functional assays showed that Gas7 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy, and enhanced oxaliplatin sensitivity by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also observed that transcription factorSp1 was responsible for inhibiting Gas7. These findings provide insights into the role and elucidated a potential mechanism of Gas7 in HCC progression and metastasis. It was also observed that the Sp1/Gas7/PI3K/Akt axis was critical for malignant phenotype and oxaliplatin sensitivity in HCC. Therefore, Gas7 can be considered as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bing Quan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shen-Xin Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Yin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vish KJ, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Diverse p120RasGAP interactions with doubly phosphorylated partners EphB4, p190RhoGAP, and Dok1. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105098. [PMID: 37507023 PMCID: PMC10470053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RasGAP (p120RasGAP), the founding member of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) family, is one of only nine human proteins to contain two SH2 domains and is essential for proper vascular development. Despite its importance, its interactions with key binding partners remains unclear. In this study we provide a detailed viewpoint of RasGAP recruitment to various binding partners and assess their impact on RasGAP activity. We reveal the RasGAP SH2 domains generate distinct binding interactions with three well-known doubly phosphorylated binding partners: p190RhoGAP, Dok1, and EphB4. Affinity measurements demonstrate a 100-fold weakened affinity for RasGAP-EphB4 binding compared to RasGAP-p190RhoGAP or RasGAP-Dok1 binding, possibly driven by single versus dual SH2 domain engagement with a dominant N-terminal SH2 interaction. Small-angle X-ray scattering reveals conformational differences between RasGAP-EphB4 binding and RasGAP-p190RhoGAP binding. Importantly, these interactions do not impact catalytic activity, implying RasGAP utilizes its SH2 domains to achieve diverse spatial-temporal regulation of Ras signaling in a previously unrecognized fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Vish
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mehrabipour M, Jasemi NSK, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. A Systematic Compilation of Human SH3 Domains: A Versatile Superfamily in Cellular Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2054. [PMID: 37626864 PMCID: PMC10453029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SRC homology 3 (SH3) domains are fundamental modules that enable the assembly of protein complexes through physical interactions with a pool of proline-rich/noncanonical motifs from partner proteins. They are widely studied modular building blocks across all five kingdoms of life and viruses, mediating various biological processes. The SH3 domains are also implicated in the development of human diseases, such as cancer, leukemia, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various infections. A database search of the human proteome reveals the existence of 298 SH3 domains in 221 SH3 domain-containing proteins (SH3DCPs), ranging from 13 to 720 kilodaltons. A phylogenetic analysis of human SH3DCPs based on their multi-domain architecture seems to be the most practical way to classify them functionally, with regard to various physiological pathways. This review further summarizes the achievements made in the classification of SH3 domain functions, their binding specificity, and their significance for various diseases when exploiting SH3 protein modular interactions as drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabipour
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Moniruzzaman R, Li L, Ji B, Liu Y, Zuo X, Abbasgholizadeh R, Zhao J, Liu G, Wang R, Tang H, Sun R, Su X, Tan TH, Maitra A, Wang H. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 inhibits the development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163873. [PMID: 37140994 PMCID: PMC10266776 DOI: 10.1172/jci163873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras plays an essential role in the development of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, mutant Kras is an inefficient driver for PDAC development. The mechanisms of the switching from low Ras activity to high Ras activity that are required for development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) are unclear. In this study, we found that hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) was upregulated during pancreatic injury and ADM. HPK1 interacted with the SH3 domain and phosphorylated Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) and upregulated RasGAP activity. Using transgenic mouse models of HPK1 or M46, a kinase-dead mutant of HPK1, we showed that HPK1 inhibited Ras activity and its downstream signaling and regulated acinar cell plasticity. M46 promoted the development of ADM and PanINs. Expression of M46 in KrasG12D Bac mice promoted the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages, inhibited the infiltration of T cells, and accelerated the progression of PanINs to invasive and metastatic PDAC, while HPK1 attenuated mutant Kras-driven PanIN progression. Our results showed that HPK1 plays an important role in ADM and the progression of PanINs by regulating Ras signaling. Loss of HPK1 kinase activity promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and accelerates the progression of PanINs to PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | - Rohan Moniruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | | | - Reza Abbasgholizadeh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Advanced Technology Genomics Core
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Q, Liu Z, Wang J. Targeting KRAS in PDAC: A New Way to Cure It? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204982. [PMID: 36291766 PMCID: PMC9599866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most intractable malignant tumors worldwide, and is known for its refractory nature and poor prognosis. The fatality rate of pancreatic cancer can reach over 90%. In pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC), the most common subtype of pancreatic cancer, KRAS is the most predominant mutated gene (more than 80%). In recent decades, KRAS proteins have maintained the reputation of being “undruggable” due to their special molecular structures and biological characteristics, making therapy targeting downstream genes challenging. Fortunately, the heavy rampart formed by KRAS has been broken down in recent years by the advent of KRASG12C inhibitors; the covalent inhibitors bond to the switch-II pocket of the KRASG12C protein. The KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib has been received by the FDA for the treatment of patients suffering from KRASG12C-driven cancers. Meanwhile, researchers have paid close attention to the development of inhibitors for other KRAS mutations. Due to the high incidence of PDAC, developing KRASG12D/V inhibitors has become the focus of attention. Here, we review the clinical status of PDAC and recent research progress in targeting KRASG12D/V and discuss the potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chau JE, Vish KJ, Boggon TJ, Stiegler AL. SH3 domain regulation of RhoGAP activity: Crosstalk between p120RasGAP and DLC1 RhoGAP. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4788. [PMID: 35970859 PMCID: PMC9378701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoGAP proteins are key regulators of Rho family GTPases and influence a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, adhesion, and cytokinesis. These GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) downregulate Rho signaling by binding and enhancing the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho proteins. Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a tumor suppressor and ubiquitously expressed RhoGAP protein; its activity is regulated in part by binding p120RasGAP, a GAP protein for the Ras GTPases. In this study, we report the co-crystal structure of the p120RasGAP SH3 domain bound directly to DLC1 RhoGAP, at a site partially overlapping the RhoA binding site and impinging on the catalytic arginine finger. We demonstrate biochemically that mutation of this interface relieves inhibition of RhoGAP activity by the SH3 domain. These results reveal the mechanism for inhibition of DLC1 RhoGAP activity by p120RasGAP and demonstrate the molecular basis for direct SH3 domain modulation of GAP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn E Chau
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kimberly J Vish
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cáceres-Gutiérrez RE, Alfaro-Mora Y, Andonegui MA, Díaz-Chávez J, Herrera LA. The Influence of Oncogenic RAS on Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Resistance Through DNA Repair Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:751367. [PMID: 35359456 PMCID: PMC8962660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.751367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS oncogenes are chief tumorigenic drivers, and their mutation constitutes a universal predictor of poor outcome and treatment resistance. Despite more than 30 years of intensive research since the identification of the first RAS mutation, most attempts to therapeutically target RAS mutants have failed to reach the clinic. In fact, the first mutant RAS inhibitor, Sotorasib, was only approved by the FDA until 2021. However, since Sotorasib targets the KRAS G12C mutant with high specificity, relatively few patients will benefit from this therapy. On the other hand, indirect approaches to inhibit the RAS pathway have revealed very intricate cascades involving feedback loops impossible to overcome with currently available therapies. Some of these mechanisms play different roles along the multistep carcinogenic process. For instance, although mutant RAS increases replicative, metabolic and oxidative stress, adaptive responses alleviate these conditions to preserve cellular survival and avoid the onset of oncogene-induced senescence during tumorigenesis. The resulting rewiring of cellular mechanisms involves the DNA damage response and pathways associated with oxidative stress, which are co-opted by cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, and chemo- and radioresistance. Nonetheless, these systems become so crucial to cancer cells that they can be exploited as specific tumor vulnerabilities. Here, we discuss key aspects of RAS biology and detail some of the mechanisms that mediate chemo- and radiotherapy resistance of mutant RAS cancers through the DNA repair pathways. We also discuss recent progress in therapeutic RAS targeting and propose future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo E. Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Andonegui
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Luis A. Herrera, ; José Díaz-Chávez,
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Luis A. Herrera, ; José Díaz-Chávez,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morella I, Pohořalá V, Calpe-López C, Brambilla R, Spanagel R, Bernardi RE. Nicotine self-administration and ERK signaling are altered in RasGRF2 knockout mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986566. [PMID: 36120353 PMCID: PMC9479000 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (Ras-ERK) signaling has been demonstrated to play a role in the effects of drugs of abuse such as cocaine and alcohol, but has not been extensively examined in nicotine-related reward behaviors. We examined the role of Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor 2 (RasGRF2), an upstream mediator of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway, on nicotine self-administration (SA) in RasGRF2 KO and WT mice. We first demonstrated that acute nicotine exposure (0.4 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) in the striatum, consistent with previous reports. We also demonstrated that increases in pERK1/2 resulting from acute (0.4 mg/kg) and repeated (0.4 mg/kg, 10 daily injections) exposure to nicotine in WT mice were not present in RasGRF2 KO mice, confirming that RasGRF2 at least partly regulates the activity of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway following nicotine exposure. We then performed intravenous nicotine SA (0.03 mg/kg/infusion for 10 days) in RasGRF2 KO and WT mice. Consistent with a previous report using cocaine SA, RasGRF2 KO mice demonstrated an increase in nicotine SA relative to WT controls. These findings suggest a role for RasGRF2 in the reinforcing effects of nicotine, and implicate the Ras-ERK signaling pathway as a common mediator of the response to drugs of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Pohořalá
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Calpe-López
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rick E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang L, Guo Z, Wang F, Fu L. KRAS mutation: from undruggable to druggable in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:386. [PMID: 34776511 PMCID: PMC8591115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its treatment and outcomes have been dramatically revolutionised by targeted therapies. As the most frequently mutated oncogene, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) has attracted substantial attention. The understanding of KRAS is constantly being updated by numerous studies on KRAS in the initiation and progression of cancer diseases. However, KRAS has been deemed a challenging therapeutic target, even "undruggable", after drug-targeting efforts over the past four decades. Recently, there have been surprising advances in directly targeted drugs for KRAS, especially in KRAS (G12C) inhibitors, such as AMG510 (sotorasib) and MRTX849 (adagrasib), which have obtained encouraging results in clinical trials. Excitingly, AMG510 was the first drug-targeting KRAS (G12C) to be approved for clinical use this year. This review summarises the most recent understanding of fundamental aspects of KRAS, the relationship between the KRAS mutations and tumour immune evasion, and new progress in targeting KRAS, particularly KRAS (G12C). Moreover, the possible mechanisms of resistance to KRAS (G12C) inhibitors and possible combination therapies are summarised, with a view to providing the best regimen for individualised treatment with KRAS (G12C) inhibitors and achieving truly precise treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Huang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Guo
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang W, Wang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Zheng H, Li D. Research Progress on the Structure and Function of G3BP. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718548. [PMID: 34526993 PMCID: PMC8435845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein (G3BP) is an RNA binding protein. G3BP is a key component of stress granules (SGs) and can interact with many host proteins to regulate the expression of SGs. As an antiviral factor, G3BP can interact with viral proteins to regulate the assembly of SGs and thus exert antiviral effects. However, many viruses can also use G3BP as a proximal factor and recruit translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. G3BP regulates mRNA translation and attenuation to regulate gene expression; therefore, it is closely related to diseases, such as cancer, embryonic death, arteriosclerosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses the important discoveries and developments related G3BP in the biological field over the past 20 years, which includes the formation of SGs, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abulfaraj AA, Hirt H, Rayapuram N. G3BPs in Plant Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680710. [PMID: 34177995 PMCID: PMC8222905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The sessile nature of plants enforces highly adaptable strategies to adapt to different environmental stresses. Plants respond to these stresses by a massive reprogramming of mRNA metabolism. Balancing of mRNA fates, including translation, sequestration, and decay is essential for plants to not only coordinate growth and development but also to combat biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. RNA stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (P bodies) synchronize mRNA metabolism for optimum functioning of an organism. SGs are evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic localized RNA-protein storage sites that are formed in response to adverse conditions, harboring mostly but not always translationally inactive mRNAs. SGs disassemble and release mRNAs into a translationally active form upon stress relief. RasGAP SH3 domain binding proteins (G3BPs or Rasputins) are "scaffolds" for the assembly and stability of SGs, which coordinate receptor mediated signal transduction with RNA metabolism. The role of G3BPs in the formation of SGs is well established in mammals, but G3BPs in plants are poorly characterized. In this review, we discuss recent findings of the dynamics and functions of plant G3BPs in response to environmental stresses and speculate on possible mechanisms such as transcription and post-translational modifications that might regulate the function of this important family of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aala A. Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pudewell S, Wittich C, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Bazgir F, Ahmadian MR. Accessory proteins of the RAS-MAPK pathway: moving from the side line to the front line. Commun Biol 2021; 4:696. [PMID: 34103645 PMCID: PMC8187363 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Health and disease are directly related to the RTK-RAS-MAPK signalling cascade. After more than three decades of intensive research, understanding its spatiotemporal features is afflicted with major conceptual shortcomings. Here we consider how the compilation of a vast array of accessory proteins may resolve some parts of the puzzles in this field, as they safeguard the strength, efficiency and specificity of signal transduction. Targeting such modulators, rather than the constituent components of the RTK-RAS-MAPK signalling cascade may attenuate rather than inhibit disease-relevant signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Pudewell
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittich
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Farhad Bazgir
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soriano O, Alcón-Pérez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Castellano E. The Crossroads between RAS and RHO Signaling Pathways in Cellular Transformation, Motility and Contraction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060819. [PMID: 34071831 PMCID: PMC8229961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras and Rho proteins are GTP-regulated molecular switches that control multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells. Ras was among the first identified oncogenes, and it appears mutated in many forms of human cancer. It mainly promotes proliferation and survival through the MAPK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathways, respectively. However, the myriad proteins close to the plasma membrane that activate or inhibit Ras make it a major regulator of many apparently unrelated pathways. On the other hand, Rho is weakly oncogenic by itself, but it critically regulates microfilament dynamics; that is, actin polymerization, disassembly and contraction. Polymerization is driven mainly by the Arp2/3 complex and formins, whereas contraction depends on myosin mini-filament assembly and activity. These two pathways intersect at numerous points: from Ras-dependent triggering of Rho activators, some of which act through PI3K, to mechanical feedback driven by actomyosin action. Here, we describe the main points of connection between the Ras and Rho pathways as they coordinately drive oncogenic transformation. We emphasize the biochemical crosstalk that drives actomyosin contraction driven by Ras in a Rho-dependent manner. We also describe possible routes of mechanical feedback through which myosin II activation may control Ras/Rho activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Soriano
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marta Alcón-Pérez
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
| | - Esther Castellano
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
40 Years of RAS-A Historic Overview. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050681. [PMID: 34062774 PMCID: PMC8147265 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been over forty years since the isolation of the first human oncogene (HRAS), a crucial milestone in cancer research made possible through the combined efforts of a few selected research groups at the beginning of the 1980s. Those initial discoveries led to a quantitative leap in our understanding of cancer biology and set up the onset of the field of molecular oncology. The following four decades of RAS research have produced a huge pool of new knowledge about the RAS family of small GTPases, including how they regulate signaling pathways controlling many cellular physiological processes, or how oncogenic mutations trigger pathological conditions, including developmental syndromes or many cancer types. However, despite the extensive body of available basic knowledge, specific effective treatments for RAS-driven cancers are still lacking. Hopefully, recent advances involving the discovery of novel pockets on the RAS surface as well as highly specific small-molecule inhibitors able to block its interaction with effectors and/or activators may lead to the development of new, effective treatments for cancer. This review intends to provide a quick, summarized historical overview of the main milestones in RAS research spanning from the initial discovery of the viral RAS oncogenes in rodent tumors to the latest attempts at targeting RAS oncogenes in various human cancers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu X, Luo X, Song Z, Jiang S, Long X, Gao X, Xie X, Zheng L, Wang H. miR-188-5p promotes oxaliplatin resistance by targeting RASA1 in colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 33968197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy for colon cancer is limited due to the development of chemoresistance. MicroRNA (miR)-188-5p is downregulated in various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular role of miR-188 in oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance. An OXA-resistant colon cancer cell line, SW480/OXA, was used to examine the effects of miR-188-5p on the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to OXA. The target of miR-188-5p was identified using a luciferase assay. Cell cycle distribution was also assessed using flow cytometry. The measurement of p21 protein expression, Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. The expression of miR-188-5p significantly increased in SW480/OXA compared with wild-type SW480 cells. The luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-188-5p inhibited Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (RASA1; also known as p120/RasGAP) luciferase activity by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of RASA1 mRNA, suggesting that miR-188-5p could target RASA1. In addition, miR-188-5p downregulation or RASA1 overexpression promoted the chemosensitivity of SW480/OXA, as evidenced by increased apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest. Moreover, RASA1 silencing abrogated the increase in cell apoptosis induced by the miR-188-5p inhibitor. The findings of the present study suggested that miR-188-5p could enhance colon cancer cell chemosensitivity by promoting the expression of RASA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xishun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Zhike Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkai Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Laijian Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Induces Caspase-8-Mediated G3BP1 Cleavage and Subverts Stress Granules To Promote Viral Replication. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02344-20. [PMID: 33568512 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02344-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an α-coronavirus causing severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in suckling piglets and posing significant economic impact. PEDV replication is completed and results in a large amount of RNA in the cytoplasm. Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytosolic RNA granules formed under various stress conditions, including viral infections. Several previous studies suggested that SGs were involved in the antiviral activity of host cells to limit viral propagation. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms regulating the SG response to PEDV infection. SG formation is induced early during PEDV infection, but as infection proceeds, this ability is lost and SGs disappear at late stages of infection (>18 h postinfection). PEDV infection resulted in the cleavage of Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) mediated by caspase-8. Using mutational analysis, the PEDV-induced cleavage site within G3BP1 was identified, which differed from the 3C protease cleavage site previously identified. Furthermore, G3BP1 cleavage by caspase-8 at D168 and D169 was confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo The overexpression of cleavage-resistant G3BP1 conferred persistent SG formation and suppression of viral replication. Additionally, the knockdown of endogenous G3BP1 abolished SG formation and potentiated viral replication. Taken together, these data provide new insights into novel strategies in which PEDV limits the host stress response and antiviral responses and indicate that caspase-8-mediated G3BP1 cleavage is important in the failure of host defense against PEDV infection.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses (CoVs) are drawing extensive attention again since the outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019. CoVs are prone to variation and own the transmission capability by crossing the species barrier resulting in reemergence. How CoVs manipulate the antiviral responses of their hosts needs to be explored. Overall, the study provides new insight into how porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) impaired SG assembly by targeting G3BP1 via the host proteinase caspase-8. These findings enhanced the understanding of PEDV infection and might help identify new antiviral targets that could inhibit viral replication and limit the pathogenesis of PEDV.
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiao WR, Wu M, Bi XR. Ozone oil promotes wound healing via increasing miR-21-5p-mediated inhibition of RASA1. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:406-416. [PMID: 33783943 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound is a very common type of injury and the healing process greatly affects the life quality of individuals. Ozone has been shown beneficial to wound healing with unclear mechanisms. Here, we tested the effect of ozone oil (OZ) on wound healing and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Mouse skin wound model and Masson staining were used to evaluate the effect of OZ on wound healing. Primary fibroblast culture was employed to assess the functions of OZ, miR-21-5p, and RASA1. QRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine expression levels of miR-21-5p, RASA1, α-SMA, and collagen I. CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assay were used to measure viability and migration of fibroblasts. Dual luciferase activity assay was performed to validate miR-21-5p/RASA1 interaction. OZ accelerated wound healing in mice and promoted proliferation and migration abilities of fibroblasts. miR-21-5p was increased while RASA1 was reduced during the wound healing and OZ treatment augmented those changes, as well as increased levels of α-SMA and collagen I. Knockdown of miR-21-5p suppressed those effects of OZ on fibroblasts. Furthermore, miR-21-5p directly targeted RASA1 mRNA and negatively regulated its expression. Overexpression of RASA1 inhibited fibroblast proliferation and migration as well as diminished α-SMA and collagen I protein expression. Additionally, RASA1 overexpression blocked the promotion of miR-21-5p overexpression on fibroblast viability and migration. In vivo, miR-21-5p facilitated wound healing while overexpression of RASA1 reversed the effect. OZ promoted wound healing by enhancing miR-21-5p-mediated RASA1 inhibition to increase fibroblast proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Rong Xiao
- The 2nd Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng Wu
- The 2nd Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Bi
- The 2nd Operation Room Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tao Y, Xie J, Zhong Q, Wang Y, Zhang S, Luo F, Wen F, Xie J, Zhao J, Sun X, Long H, Ma J, Zhang Q, Long J, Fang X, Lu Y, Li D, Li M, Zhu J, Sun B, Li G, Diao J, Liu C. A novel partially open state of SHP2 points to a "multiple gear" regulation mechanism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100538. [PMID: 33722610 PMCID: PMC8054191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 mediates multiple signal transductions in various cellular pathways, controlled by a variety of upstream inputs. SHP2 dysregulation is causative of different types of cancers and developmental disorders, making it a promising drug target. However, how SHP2 is modulated by its different regulators remains largely unknown. Here, we use single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate this question. We identify a partially open, semiactive conformation of SHP2 that is intermediate between the known open and closed states. We further demonstrate a “multiple gear” regulatory mechanism, in which different activators (e.g., insulin receptor substrate-1 and CagA), oncogenic mutations (e.g., E76A), and allosteric inhibitors (e.g., SHP099) can shift the equilibrium of the three conformational states and regulate SHP2 activity to different levels. Our work reveals the essential role of the intermediate state in fine-tuning the activity of SHP2, which may provide new opportunities for drug development for relevant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youqi Tao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfei Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Zhong
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengcai Wen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Houfang Long
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianyang Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohui Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kotwica-Mojzych K, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Mojzych M. CD200:CD200R Interactions and Their Importance in Immunoregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041602. [PMID: 33562512 PMCID: PMC7915401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecule CD200, described many years ago as a naturally occurring immunomodulatory agent, capable of regulating inflammation and transplant rejection, has attracted additional interest over the past years with the realization that it may also serve as an important marker for progressive malignancy. A large body of evidence also supports the hypothesis that this molecule can contribute to immunoregulation of, among other diseases, infection, autoimmune disease and allergy. New data have also come to light to characterize the receptors for CD200 (CD200R) and their potential mechanism(s) of action at the biochemical level, as well as the description of a novel natural antagonist of CD200, lacking the NH2-terminal region of the full-length molecule. Significant controversies exist concerning the relative importance of CD200 as a ligand for all reported CD200Rs. Nevertheless, some progress has been made in the identification of the structural constraints determining the interaction between CD200 and CD200R, and this information has in turn proved of use in developing novel small molecule agonists/antagonists of the interaction. The review below highlights many of these newer findings, and attempts to place them in the broad context of our understanding of the role of CD200-CD200R interactions in a variety of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan J, Xie Y, Si J, Gan L, Li H, Sun C, Di C, Zhang J, Huang G, Zhang X, Zhang H. Crosstalk of the Caspase Family and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E817. [PMID: 33467535 PMCID: PMC7830632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell can integrate the caspase family and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in response to cellular stress triggered by environment. It is necessary here to elucidate the direct response and interaction mechanism between the two signaling pathways in regulating cell survival and determining cell fate under cellular stress. Members of the caspase family are crucial regulators of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis. mTOR signaling is known to mediate cell growth, nutrition and metabolism. For instance, over-nutrition can cause the hyperactivation of mTOR signaling, which is associated with diabetes. Nutrition deprivation can inhibit mTOR signaling via SH3 domain-binding protein 4. It is striking that Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 is found to mediate cell survival in a caspase-dependent manner against increasing cellular stress, which describes a new model of apoptosis. The components of mTOR signaling-raptor can be cleaved by caspases to control cell growth. In addition, mTOR is identified to coordinate the defense process of the immune system by suppressing the vitality of caspase-1 or regulating other interferon regulatory factors. The present review discusses the roles of the caspase family or mTOR pathway against cellular stress and generalizes their interplay mechanism in cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Y.); (J.S.); (L.G.); (H.L.); (C.S.); (C.D.); (J.Z.); (G.H.); (X.Z.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cao Y, Chu C, Li X, Gu S, Zou Q, Jin Y. RNA-binding protein QKI suppresses breast cancer via RASA1/MAPK signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:104. [PMID: 33569406 PMCID: PMC7867911 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) has been linked with the pathogenesis and development of various human malignancies. Herein, we explored the particular role of QKI in breast cancer (BC) progression. Methods The methods employed in the study included public dataset analysis, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), cell count kit-8 (CCK8) assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), messenger RNA (mRNA) stability assay, QKI overexpression and knockdown, and Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) knockdown. Results Aberrant expression levels of QKI and RASA1 were detected in BC and compared with those in noncancerous tissues. A moderately positive correlation between QKI and RASA1 was verified within BC tissues. Low expression of QKI was associated with positive estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, non-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), non-basal-like BC, and poor clinical outcomes in BC patients. QKI overexpression suppressed BC cell proliferation and colony formation, and arrested cell cycle at G1 phase. RIP assay and mRNA stability assay confirmed that QKI directly bound to RASA1 transcript and increased its stability, thus inactivating the MAPK pathway and inhibiting BC progression. RASA1 knockdown could partly attenuate the inhibitory effect of QKI on BC cell proliferation via activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Conclusions QKI, which was frequently downregulated in BC, could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle at G1 phase by binding and enhancing RASA1 mRNA expression. Low expression of QKI was prominently associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in BC patients, indicating the prognostic value of QKI in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwen Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eisa-Beygi S, Vo NJ, Link BA. RhoA activation-mediated vascular permeability in capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: a hypothesis. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1790-1793. [PMID: 33358701 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a class of capillary anomalies that are associated with arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas, which carry a risk of hemorrhages. There are no broadly effective pharmacological therapies currently available. Most CM-AVMs are associated with a loss of RASA1, resulting in constitutive activation of RAS signaling. However, protein interaction analysis revealed that RASA1 forms a complex with Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), a negative regulator of RhoA signaling. Herein, we propose that loss of RASA1 function results in constitutive activation of RhoA signaling in endothelial cells, resulting in enhanced vascular permeability. Therefore, strategies aimed at curtailing RhoA activity should be tested as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in cell culture studies and animal models of RASA1 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Nghia Jack Vo
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Radiology, Pediatric Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rujiwetpongstorn R, Phowthongkum P, Panchaprateep R. Multiple lentigines in RASA1-associated capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2020; 7:47-49. [PMID: 33319004 PMCID: PMC7727297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Rujiwetpongstorn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Phowthongkum
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratchathorn Panchaprateep
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence to: Ratchathorn Panchaprateep, MD, PhD, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Rd, Pathum Wan, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Uprety D, Adjei AA. KRAS: From undruggable to a druggable Cancer Target. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
28
|
Jaber Chehayeb R, Wang J, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. The GTPase-activating protein p120RasGAP has an evolutionarily conserved "FLVR-unique" SH2 domain. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10511-10521. [PMID: 32540970 PMCID: PMC7397115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain has a highly conserved architecture that recognizes linear phosphotyrosine motifs and is present in a wide range of signaling pathways across different evolutionary taxa. A hallmark of SH2 domains is the arginine residue in the conserved FLVR motif that forms a direct salt bridge with bound phosphotyrosine. Here, we solve the X-ray crystal structures of the C-terminal SH2 domain of p120RasGAP (RASA1) in its apo and peptide-bound form. We find that the arginine residue in the FLVR motif does not directly contact pTyr1087 of a bound phosphopeptide derived from p190RhoGAP; rather, it makes an intramolecular salt bridge to an aspartic acid. Unexpectedly, coordination of phosphotyrosine is achieved by a modified binding pocket that appears early in evolution. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we find that substitution of the FLVR arginine R377A does not cause a significant loss of phosphopeptide binding, but rather a tandem substitution of R398A (SH2 position βD4) and K400A (SH2 position βD6) is required to disrupt the binding. These results indicate a hitherto unrecognized diversity in SH2 domain interactions with phosphotyrosine and classify the C-terminal SH2 domain of p120RasGAP as "FLVR-unique."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jaber Chehayeb
- Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica Wang
- Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zobel MJ, Moses W, Walther A, Nowicki D, Howell L, Miller J, Zeinati C, Anselmo DM. Management challenges of a large upper extremity vascular malformation in a patient with capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020; 9:781-784. [PMID: 32687897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 17-year-old boy with capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome and a massive vascular malformation of the right chest wall, shoulder, and upper arm. Persistent growth of the malformation caused cutaneous ulcerations and recurrent massive bleeding episodes. We proceeded with a modified shoulder disarticulation preceded by ligation of the subclavian artery and innominate vein by median sternotomy. After a staged debulking resection of the residual chest wall arteriovenous malformation with rotational transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap coverage, the patient was discharged home safely. This report demonstrates that a multidisciplinary approach is critical for management of life-threatening complications in capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zobel
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Willieford Moses
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ashley Walther
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Donuta Nowicki
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Lori Howell
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Division of Pediatric Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Joseph Miller
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Chadi Zeinati
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Dean M Anselmo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Du J, Lin Z, Volovych O, Lu Z, Zou Z. A RhoGAP venom protein from Microplitis mediator suppresses the cellular response of its host Helicoverpa armigera. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103675. [PMID: 32173445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Female parasitoid wasps normally inject virulence factors together with eggs into their host to counter host immunity defenses. A newly identified RhoGAP protein in the venom of Microplitis mediator compromises the cellular immunity of its host, Helicoverpa armigera. RhoGAP1 proteins entered H. armigera hemocytes, and the host cellular cytoskeleton was disrupted. Depletion of MmGAP1 by injection of dsRNA or antibody increased the wasp egg encapsulation rate. An immunoprecipitation assay of overexpressed MmGAP1 protein in a Helicoverpa cell line showed that MmGAP1 interacts with many cellular cytoskeleton associated proteins as well as Rho GTPases. A yeast two-hybrid and a pull-down assay demonstrated that MmGAP1 interacts with H. armigera RhoA and Cdc42. These results show that the RhoGAP protein in M. mediator can destroy the H. armigera hemocyte cellular cytoskeleton, restrain host cellular immune defense, and increase the probability of successful parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Olga Volovych
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Farzaneh M, Derakhshan Z, Hallajzadeh J, Sarani NH, Nejabatdoust A, Khoshnam SE. Suppression of TGF-β and ERK Signaling Pathways as a New Strategy to Provide Rodent and Non-Rodent Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:466-473. [PMID: 30868962 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190314110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialized cells and excellent model in developmental biology and a promising approach to the treatment of disease and injury. In the last 30 years, pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells were established from murine and primate sources, and display indefinite replicative potential and the ability to differentiate to all three embryonic germ layers. Despite large efforts in many aspects of rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cell culture, a number of diverse challenges remain. Natural and synthetic small molecules (SMs) strategy has the potential to overcome these hurdles. Small molecules are typically fast and reversible that target specific signaling pathways, epigenetic processes and other cellular processes. Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β/Smad) and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4)/ERK signaling pathways by SB431542 and PD0325901 small molecules, respectively, known as R2i, enhances the efficiency of mouse, rat, and chicken pluripotent stem cells passaging from different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the application of SM inhibitors of TGF-β and ERK1/2 with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) allows the cultivation of pluripotent stem cells in a chemically defined condition. In this review, we discuss recently emerging evidence that dual inhibition of TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways plays an important role in regulating pluripotency in both rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Maraghe University of Medical Science, Maraghe, Iran
| | | | - Armin Nejabatdoust
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
HDAC6-an Emerging Target Against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020318. [PMID: 32013157 PMCID: PMC7072136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib became the standard treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) about 20 years ago, which was a major breakthrough in stabilizing the pathology and improving the quality of life of patients. However, the emergence of resistance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads researchers to characterize new therapeutic targets. Several studies have highlighted the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in various pathologies, including cancer. This protein effectively intervenes in cellular activities by its primarily cytoplasmic localization. In this review, we will discuss the molecular characteristics of the HDAC6 protein, as well as its overexpression in CML leukemic stem cells, which make it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CML.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jaber Chehayeb R, Boggon TJ. SH2 Domain Binding: Diverse FLVRs of Partnership. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:575220. [PMID: 33042028 PMCID: PMC7530234 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.575220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain has a special role as one of the cornerstone examples of a "modular" domain. The interactions of this domain are very well-conserved, and have long been described as a bidentate, or "two-pronged plug" interaction between the domain and a phosphotyrosine (pTyr) peptide. Recent work has, however, highlighted unusual features of the SH2 domain that illustrate a greater diversity than was previously appreciated. In this review we discuss some of the novel and unusual characteristics across the SH2 family, including unusual peptide binding pockets, multiple pTyr recognition sites, recognition sites for unphosphorylated peptides, and recently identified variability in the conserved FLVR motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jaber Chehayeb
- Yale College, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Titus J. Boggon
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jaber Chehayeb R, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Crystal structures of p120RasGAP N-terminal SH2 domain in its apo form and in complex with a p190RhoGAP phosphotyrosine peptide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226113. [PMID: 31891593 PMCID: PMC6938330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho and Ras pathways play vital roles in cell growth, division and motility. Cross-talk between the pathways amplifies their roles in cell proliferation and motility and its dysregulation is involved in disease pathogenesis. One important interaction for cross-talk occurs between p120RasGAP (RASA1), a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Ras, and p190RhoGAP (p190RhoGAP-A, ARHGAP35), a GAP for Rho. The binding of these proteins is primarily mediated by two SH2 domains within p120RasGAP engaging phosphorylated tyrosines of p190RhoGAP, of which the best studied is pTyr-1105. To better understand the interaction between p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, we determined the 1.75 Å X-ray crystal structure of the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RasGAP in the unliganded form, and its 1.6 Å co-crystal structure in complex with a synthesized phosphotyrosine peptide, EEENI(p-Tyr)SVPHDST, corresponding to residues 1100–1112 of p190RhoGAP. We find that the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RhoGAP has the characteristic SH2 fold encompassing a central beta-sheet flanked by two alpha-helices, and that peptide binding stabilizes specific conformations of the βE-βF loop and arginine residues R212 and R231. Site-directed mutagenesis and native gel shifts confirm phosphotyrosine binding through the conserved FLVR motif arginine residue R207, and isothermal titration calorimetry finds a dissociation constant of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM between the phosphopeptide and SH2 domain. These results demonstrate that the major interaction between two important GAP proteins, p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, is mediated by a canonical SH2-pTyr interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jaber Chehayeb
- Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Megquier K, Turner-Maier J, Swofford R, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Wang C, Sakthikumar S, Johnson J, Koltookian M, Lewellen M, Scott MC, Schulte AJ, Borst L, Tonomura N, Alfoldi J, Painter C, Thomas R, Karlsson EK, Breen M, Modiano JF, Elvers I, Lindblad-Toh K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Shared Mutational Landscape in Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Human Angiosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2410-2421. [PMID: 31570656 PMCID: PMC7067513 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with few effective treatment options and high patient mortality. It is both rare and heterogenous, making large, well-powered genomic studies nearly impossible. Dogs commonly suffer from a similar cancer, called hemangiosarcoma, with breeds like the golden retriever carrying heritable genetic factors that put them at high risk. If the clinical similarity of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma reflects shared genomic etiology, dogs could be a critically needed model for advancing angiosarcoma research. We assessed the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma via whole-exome sequencing (47 golden retriever hemangiosarcomas) and RNA sequencing (74 hemangiosarcomas from multiple breeds). Somatic coding mutations occurred most frequently in the tumor suppressor TP53 (59.6% of cases) as well as two genes in the PI3K pathway: the oncogene PIK3CA (29.8%) and its regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (8.5%). The predominant mutational signature was the age-associated deamination of cytosine to thymine. As reported in human angiosarcoma, CDKN2A/B was recurrently deleted and VEGFA, KDR, and KIT recurrently gained. We compared the canine data to human data recently released by The Angiosarcoma Project, and found many of the same genes and pathways significantly enriched for somatic mutations, particularly in breast and visceral angiosarcomas. Canine hemangiosarcoma closely models the genomic landscape of human angiosarcoma of the breast and viscera, and is a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of this devastating disease. IMPLICATIONS: We characterize the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma and demonstrate its similarity to human angiosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashley J Schulte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Luke Borst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Noriko Tonomura
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Alfoldi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Corrie Painter
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Count Me In, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bernardi RE, Olevska A, Morella I, Fasano S, Santos E, Brambilla R, Spanagel R. The Inhibition of RasGRF2, But Not RasGRF1, Alters Cocaine Reward in Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6325-6338. [PMID: 31182637 PMCID: PMC6687905 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1120-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (Ras-ERK) signaling has been implicated in the effects of drugs of abuse. Inhibitors of MEK1/2, the kinases upstream of ERK1/2, have been critical in defining the role of the Ras-ERK cascade in drug-dependent alterations in behavioral plasticity, but the Ras family of small GTPases has not been extensively examined in drug-related behaviors. We examined the role of Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor 1 (RasGRF1) and 2 (RasGRF2), upstream regulators of the Ras-ERK signaling cascade, on cocaine self-administration (SA) in male mice. We first established a role for Ras-ERK signaling in cocaine SA, demonstrating that pERK1/2 is upregulated following SA in C57BL/6N mice in striatum. We then compared RasGRF1 and RasGRF2 KO mouse lines, demonstrating that cocaine SA in RasGRF2 KO mice was increased relative to WT controls, whereas RasGRF1 KO and WT mice did not differ. This effect in RasGRF2 mice is likely mediated by the Ras-ERK signaling pathway, as pERK1/2 upregulation following cocaine SA was absent in RasGRF2 KO mice. Interestingly, the lentiviral knockdown of RasGRF2 in the NAc had the opposite effect to that in RasGRF2 KO mice, reducing cocaine SA. We subsequently demonstrated that the MEK inhibitor PD325901 administered peripherally prior to cocaine SA increased cocaine intake, replicating the increase seen in RasGRF2 KO mice, whereas PD325901 administered into the NAc decreased cocaine intake, similar to the effect seen following lentiviral knockdown of RasGRF2. These data indicate a role for RasGRF2 in cocaine SA in mice that is ERK-dependent, and suggest a differential effect of global versus site-specific RasGRF2 inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Exposure to drugs of abuse activates a variety of intracellular pathways, and following repeated exposure, persistent changes in these pathways contribute to drug dependence. Downstream components of the Ras-ERK signaling cascade are involved in the acute and chronic effects of drugs of abuse, but their upstream mediators have not been extensively characterized. Here we show, using a combination of molecular, pharmacological, and lentiviral techniques, that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRF2 mediates cocaine self-administration via an ERK-dependent mechanism, whereas RasGRF1 has no effect on responding for cocaine. These data indicate dissociative effects of mediators of Ras activity on cocaine reward and expand the understanding of the contribution of Ras-ERK signaling to drug-taking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany,
| | - Anastasia Olevska
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Division of Neuroscience, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Division of Neuroscience, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain, 37007
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Division of Neuroscience, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Poulin EJ, Bera AK, Lu J, Lin YJ, Strasser SD, Paulo JA, Huang TQ, Morales C, Yan W, Cook J, Nowak JA, Brubaker DK, Joughin BA, Johnson CW, DeStefanis RA, Ghazi PC, Gondi S, Wales TE, Iacob RE, Bogdanova L, Gierut JJ, Li Y, Engen JR, Perez-Mancera PA, Braun BS, Gygi SP, Lauffenburger DA, Westover KD, Haigis KM. Tissue-Specific Oncogenic Activity of KRAS A146T. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:738-755. [PMID: 30952657 PMCID: PMC6548671 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene. The incidence of specific KRAS alleles varies between cancers from different sites, but it is unclear whether allelic selection results from biological selection for specific mutant KRAS proteins. We used a cross-disciplinary approach to compare KRASG12D, a common mutant form, and KRASA146T, a mutant that occurs only in selected cancers. Biochemical and structural studies demonstrated that KRASA146T exhibits a marked extension of switch 1 away from the protein body and nucleotide binding site, which activates KRAS by promoting a high rate of intrinsic and guanine nucleotide exchange factor-induced nucleotide exchange. Using mice genetically engineered to express either allele, we found that KRASG12D and KRASA146T exhibit distinct tissue-specific effects on homeostasis that mirror mutational frequencies in human cancers. These tissue-specific phenotypes result from allele-specific signaling properties, demonstrating that context-dependent variations in signaling downstream of different KRAS mutants drive the KRAS mutational pattern seen in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Although epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested allele-specific behaviors for KRAS, experimental evidence for allele-specific biological properties is limited. We combined structural biology, mass spectrometry, and mouse modeling to demonstrate that the selection for specific KRAS mutants in human cancers from different tissues is due to their distinct signaling properties.See related commentary by Hobbs and Der, p. 696.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Poulin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Asim K Bera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jia Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yi-Jang Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha Dale Strasser
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tannie Q Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolina Morales
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Wei Yan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joshua Cook
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas K Brubaker
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christian W Johnson
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca A DeStefanis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phaedra C Ghazi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudershan Gondi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lana Bogdanova
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica J Gierut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yina Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin S Braun
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Pathogenesis of Port Wine Stain and Sturge Weber Syndrome: Complex Interactions between Genetic Alterations and Aberrant MAPK and PI3K Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092243. [PMID: 31067686 PMCID: PMC6539103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Port wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular malformation involving human skin. Approximately 15-20% of children a facial PWS involving the ophthalmic (V1) trigeminal dermatome are at risk for Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS), a neurocutaneous disorder with vascular malformations in the cerebral cortex on the same side of the facial PWS lesions. Recently, evidence has surfaced that advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of PWS/SWS, including discoveries of somatic genetic mutations (GNAQ, PI3K), MAPK and PI3K aberrant activations, and molecular phenotypes of PWS endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the etiology and pathology of PWS/SWS based on evidence that the activation of MAPK and/or PI3K contributes to the malformations, as well as potential futuristic treatment approaches targeting these aberrantly dysregulated signaling pathways. Current data support that: (1) PWS is a multifactorial malformation involving the entire physiological structure of human skin; (2) PWS should be pathoanatomically re-defined as "a malformation resulting from differentiation-impaired endothelial cells with a progressive dilatation of immature venule-like vasculatures"; (3) dysregulation of vascular MAPK and/or PI3K signaling during human embryonic development plays a part in the pathogenesis and progression of PWS/SWS; and (4) sporadic low frequency somatic mutations, such as GNAQ, PI3K, work as team players but not as a lone wolf, contributing to the development of vascular phenotypes. We also address many crucial questions yet to be answered in the future research investigations.
Collapse
|
39
|
Scheffzek K, Shivalingaiah G. Ras-Specific GTPase-Activating Proteins-Structures, Mechanisms, and Interactions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a031500. [PMID: 30104198 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-specific GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) down-regulate the biological activity of Ras proteins by accelerating their intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis, basically by a transition state stabilizing mechanism. Oncogenic Ras is commonly not sensitive to RasGAPs caused by interference of mutants with the electronic or steric requirements of the transition state, resulting in up-regulation of activated Ras in respective cells. RasGAPs are modular proteins containing a helical catalytic RasGAP module surrounded by smaller domains that are frequently involved in the subcellular localization or contributing to regulatory features of their host proteins. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about RasGAP structure, mechanism, regulation, and dual-substrate specificity and discuss in some detail neurofibromin, one of the most important negative Ras regulators in cellular growth control and neuronal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Scheffzek
- Division of Biological Chemistry (Biocenter), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giridhar Shivalingaiah
- Division of Biological Chemistry (Biocenter), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A novel RASA1 mutation causing capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM): the first genetic clinical report in East Asia. Hereditas 2018; 155:24. [PMID: 30026675 PMCID: PMC6048896 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-018-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a clinical entity newly identified in 2003 that is caused by mutation of the RASA-1 gene, which encodes the protein p120-RasGAP. To date, most of the clinical reports on CM-AVM in the literature involve samples entirely consisting of Caucasians of European and North American descent, while reports from China or East Asia are few. Here, we describe a genetic clinical report of CM-AVM. Sequencing revealed a novel stop mutation in the RASA-1 gene causing loss of function (LOF) of the RasGAP domain. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic clinical report of a CM-AVM patient in East Asia. This report may extend our understanding and support further studies of CM-AVM in East Asia.
Collapse
|
41
|
Choi Y, Kwon CH, Lee SJ, Park J, Shin JY, Park DY. Integrative analysis of oncogenic fusion genes and their functional impact in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:230-240. [PMID: 29955133 PMCID: PMC6048111 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusion genes are good candidates of molecular targets for cancer therapy. However, there is insufficient research on the clinical implications and functional characteristics of fusion genes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods In this study, we analysed RNA sequencing data of CRC patients (147 tumour and 47 matched normal tissues) to identify oncogenic fusion genes and evaluated their role in CRC. Results We validated 24 fusion genes, including novel fusions, by three algorithms and Sanger sequencing. Fusions from most patients were mutually exclusive CRC oncogenes and included tumour suppressor gene mutations. Eleven fusion genes from 13 patients (8.8%) were determined as oncogenic fusion genes by analysing their gene expression and function. To investigate their oncogenic impact, we performed proliferation and migration assays of CRC cell lines expressing fusion genes of GTF3A-CDK8, NAGLU- IKZF3, RNF121- FOLR2, and STRN-ALK. Overexpression of these fusion genes increased cell proliferation except GTF3A-CDK8. In addition, overexpression of NAGLU-IKZF3 enhanced migration of CRC cells. We demonstrated that NAGLU-IKZF3, RNF121-FOLR2, and STRN-ALK had tumourigenic effects in CRC. Conclusion In summary, we identified and characterised oncogenic fusion genes and their function in CRC, and implicated NAGLU-IKZF3 and RNF121-FOLR2 as novel molecular targets for personalised medicine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 159-781, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hoang KV, Rajaram MVS, Curry HM, Gavrilin MA, Wewers MD, Schlesinger LS. Complement Receptor 3-Mediated Inhibition of Inflammasome Priming by Ras GTPase-Activating Protein During Francisella tularensis Phagocytosis by Human Mononuclear Phagocytes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:561. [PMID: 29632532 PMCID: PMC5879101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a remarkably infectious facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages that causes tularemia. Early evasion of host immune responses contributes to the success of F. tularensis as a pathogen. F. tularensis entry into human monocytes and macrophages is mediated by the major phagocytic receptor, complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18). We recently determined that despite a significant increase in macrophage uptake following C3 opsonization of the virulent Type A F. tularensis spp. tularensis Schu S4, this phagocytic pathway results in limited pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Notably, MAP kinase/ERK activation is suppressed immediately during C3-opsonized Schu S4-CR3 phagocytosis. A mathematical model of CR3-TLR2 crosstalk predicted early involvement of Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) in immune suppression by CR3. Here, we link CR3-mediated uptake of opsonized Schu S4 by human monocytes and macrophages with inhibition of early signal 1 inflammasome activation, evidenced by limited caspase-1 cleavage and IL-18 release. This inhibition is due to increased RasGAP activity, leading to a reduction in the Ras-ERK signaling cascade upstream of the early inflammasome activation event. Thus, our data uncover a novel signaling pathway mediated by CR3 following engagement of opsonized virulent F. tularensis to limit inflammasome activation in human phagocytic cells, thereby contributing to evasion of the host innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ky V Hoang
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Heather Marie Curry
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Inactivation of RASA1 promotes melanoma tumorigenesis via R-Ras activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23885-96. [PMID: 26993606 PMCID: PMC5029671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of Ras GTPase activating proteins (RasGAPs) can activate Ras, increasing the risk for tumor development. Utilizing a melanoma whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from 13 patients, we identified two novel, clustered somatic missense mutations (Y472H and L481F) in RASA1 (RAS p21 protein activator 1, also called p120RasGAP). We have shown that wild type RASA1, but not identified mutants, suppresses soft agar colony formation and tumor growth of BRAF mutated melanoma cell lines via its RasGAP activity toward R-Ras (related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog) isoform. Moreover, R-Ras increased and RASA1 suppressed Ral-A activation among Ras downstream effectors. In addition to mutations, loss of RASA1 expression was frequently observed in metastatic melanoma samples on melanoma tissue microarray (TMA) and a low level of RASA1 mRNA expression was associated with decreased overall survival in melanoma patients with BRAF mutations. Thus, these data support that RASA1 is inactivated by mutation or by suppressed expression in melanoma and that RASA1 plays a tumor suppressive role by inhibiting R-Ras, a previously less appreciated member of the Ras small GTPases.
Collapse
|
44
|
Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Nouri P, Rezaei Adariani S, Lissy J, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. Structural fingerprints, interactions, and signaling networks of RAS family proteins beyond RAS isoforms. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:130-156. [PMID: 29457927 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1431605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Parivash Nouri
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Soheila Rezaei Adariani
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jana Lissy
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cuellar J, Valpuesta JM, Wittinghofer A, Sot B. Domain topology of human Rasal. Biol Chem 2017; 399:63-72. [PMID: 28885980 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rasal is a modular multi-domain protein of the GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP1) family; its four known members, GAP1m, Rasal, GAP1IP4BP and Capri, have a Ras GTPase-activating domain (RasGAP). This domain supports the intrinsically slow GTPase activity of Ras by actively participating in the catalytic reaction. In the case of Rasal, GAP1IP4BP and Capri, their remaining domains are responsible for converting the RasGAP domains into dual Ras- and Rap-GAPs, via an incompletely understood mechanism. Although Rap proteins are small GTPase homologues of Ras, their catalytic residues are distinct, which reinforces the importance of determining the structure of full-length GAP1 family proteins. To date, these proteins have not been crystallized, and their size is not adequate for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or for high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM). Here we present the low resolution structure of full-length Rasal, obtained by negative staining electron microscopy, which allows us to propose a model of its domain topology. These results help to understand the role of the different domains in controlling the dual GAP activity of GAP1 family proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cuellar
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Valpuesta
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología (CNB-CSIC e IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfred Wittinghofer
- Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Begoña Sot
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología (CNB-CSIC e IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28048 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang J, Peng X, Zhang K, Li C, Su B, Zhang Y, Yu W. Co-expression and significance of Dok2 and Ras p21 protein activator 1 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5386-5392. [PMID: 29098030 PMCID: PMC5652255 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Docking protein 2 (Dok2) and Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) are tumor suppressors which have been identified in numerous solid tumors; however, the association between their expression in breast cancer and patient prognosis remains unclear. A total of 285 consecutive patients diagnosed histopathologically with breast cancer who underwent surgery at Jingzhou Central Hospital were selected for the present study. Dok2 and RASA1 protein were explored using histopathology and western blotting techniques, and the association of patient prognosis with clinicopathological parameters was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Weak expression of Dok2/RASA1 was associated with poorly differentiated breast adenocarcinomas; negatively expressed Dok2 and RASA1 were associated with increased tumor size, a higher proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis and later clinical staging. Additionally, Dok2 and RASA1 expression were associated with disease-free survival of patients with breast cancer. As indicated by Cox's regression analysis, Dok2 and RASA1 expression and the high proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis served as significant independent predictors for the recurrence of breast cancer. The results of the present study suggested that combined Dok2 and RASA1 negative expression may serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients following breast cancer surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangrong Huang
- Department of Intergrative Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Wangui Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
MicroRNA-132 promotes fibroblast migration via regulating RAS p21 protein activator 1 in skin wound healing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7797. [PMID: 28798331 PMCID: PMC5552762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-132 has been identified as a top up-regulated miRNA during skin wound healing and its inhibition impairs wound repair. In a human in vivo surgical wound model, we showed that miR-132 was induced in epidermal as well as in dermal wound-edge compartments during healing. Moreover, in a panel of cells isolated from human skin wounds, miR-132 was found highly expressed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In HDFs, miR-132 expression was upregulated by TGF-β1. By overexpression or inhibition of miR-132, we showed that miR-132 promoted HDF migration. Mechanistically, global transcriptome analysis revealed that RAS signaling pathway was regulated by miR-132 in HDFs. We found that RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1), a known target of miR-132, was downregulated in HDFs upon miR-132 overexpression. Silencing of RASA1 phenocopied the pro-migratory effect of miR-132. Collectively, our study reveals an important role for miR-132 in HDFs during wound healing and indicates a therapeutic potential of miR-132 in hard-to-heal skin wounds.
Collapse
|
48
|
Li D, Zhang B, Hu C. Oxaliplatin inhibits proliferation and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via GAS7C and the N-WASP/FAK/F-actin pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:581-587. [PMID: 28475688 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest-specific gene 7 (GAS7), a member of the growth-arrest-specific family, encodes three protein isoforms (GAS7A, GAS7B, and GAS7C) and plays a potential role in lung cancer as a tumor suppressor gene. In the present study, we found low endogenous expressions of GAS7C mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines compared with normal liver cells, and that there was a distinct increase of GAS7C expression in HCC cells treated with oxaliplatin. CCK8, apoptosis, and Transwell migration assays showed that cell proliferation and motility of HepG2 and MHCC-97 H cells were inhibited by oxaliplatin, while apoptosis was increased. Interestingly, western blot analysis showed that treatment with oxaliplatin increased GAS7C and N-WASP protein levels and decreased the levels of proteins involved in the fibronectin/integrin/FAK pathway, such as FAK, in both HCC cell lines. In addition, ectopically overexpressed GAS7C obviously inhibited cell proliferation and cell motility. Flow cytometry results showed that overexpression of GAS7C induced apoptosis of HepG2 and MHCC-97 H cells. We further confirmed the correlation between GAS7C and the N-WASP/FAK/F-actin pathway by q-PCR and western blot analysis of in GAS7C-overexpressing HepG2 and MHCC-97 H cells. Inhibition of GAS7C substantially reversed the anti-cancer effect of oxaliplatin and blocked the activity of the N-WASP/FAK/F-actin pathway. Taken together, our results showed that oxaliplatin inhibits HCC cell proliferation and migration ability by up-regulating GAS7C and activating the N-WASP/FAK/F-actin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qin Y, Djabou ASM, An F, Li K, Li Z, Yang L, Wang X, Chen S. Proteomic analysis of injured storage roots in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under postharvest physiological deterioration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174238. [PMID: 28339481 PMCID: PMC5365129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is a global challenge in the improvement of cassava value chain. However, how to reduce cassava spoilage and reveal the mechanism of injured cassava storage roots in response to PPD were poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the activities of antioxidant enzymes of cassava injured storage roots in PPD-susceptible (SC9) and PPD-tolerant (QZ1) genotypes at the time-points from 0h to 120h, and further analyzed their proteomic changes using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Ninety-nine differentially expressed proteins were identified from SC9 and QZ1 genotypes in the pairwise comparison of 24h/0h, 48h/0h, 72h/0h and 96h/0h. Of those proteins were associated with 13 biological functions, in which carbohydrate and energy metabolism related proteins were the biggest amount differential proteins in both genotypes, followed by chaperones, DNA and RNA metabolism, and defense system. We speculated that SOD in combination with CAT activities would be the first line of defense against PPD to support PPD-tolerant cassava varieties. The four hub proteins including CPN60B, LOS2, HSC70-1 and CPN20B, produced from the network of protein-protein interaction, will be the candidate key proteins linked with PPD. This study provides a new clue to improve cassava PPD-tolerant varieties and would be helpful to much better understand the molecular mechanism of PPD of cassava injured storage roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, China
| | - Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou
- Laboratory of plant physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers´ Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Feifei An
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, China
| | - Zhaogui Li
- Agricultural Bureau of Wuming County, Wuming, China
| | - Long Yang
- Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Growth-arrest-specific 7C protein inhibits tumor metastasis via the N-WASP/FAK/F-actin and hnRNP U/β-TrCP/β-catenin pathways in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44207-21. [PMID: 26506240 PMCID: PMC4792552 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth-arrest-specific 7 (GAS7) belongs to a group of adaptor proteins that coordinate the actin cytoskeleton. Among human GAS7 isoforms, only GAS7C possesses a Src homology 3 domain. We report here that GAS7C acts as a migration suppressor and can serve as a prognostic biomarker in lung cancer. GAS7C overexpression reduces lung cancer migration, whereas GAS7C knockdown enhances cancer cell migration. Importantly, ectopically overexpressed GAS7C binds tightly with N-WASP thus inactivates the fibronectin/integrin/FAK pathway, which in turn leads to the suppression of F-actin dynamics. In addition, overexpression of GAS7C sequesters hnRNP U and thus decreases the level of β-catenin protein via the β-TrCP ubiquitin-degradation pathway. The anti-metastatic effect of GAS7C overexpression was also confirmed using lung cancer xenografts. Our clinical data indicated that 23.6% (25/106) of lung cancer patients showed low expression of GAS7C mRNA which correlated with a poorer overall survival. In addition, low GAS7C mRNA expression was detected in 60.0% of metastatic lung cancer patients, indicating an association between low GAS7C expression and cancer progression. A significant inverse correlation between mRNA expression and promoter hypermethylation was also found, which suggests that the low level of GAS7C expression was partly due to promoter hypermethylation. Our results provide novel evidence that low GAS7C correlates with poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in lung cancer. Low GAS7C increases cancer cell motility by promoting N-WASP/FAK/F-actin cytoskeleton dynamics. It also enhances β-catenin stability via hnRNP U/β-TrCP complex formation. Therefore, GAS7C acts as a metastasis suppressor in lung cancer.
Collapse
|