1
|
Dighriri IM, Alsubaie AM, Hakami FM, Hamithi DM, Alshekh MM, Khobrani FA, Dalak FE, Hakami AA, Alsueaadi EH, Alsaawi LS, Alshammari SF, Alqahtani AS, Alawi IA, Aljuaid AA, Tawhari MQ. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Functions: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30091. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
2
|
Borah S, Sarkar P, Sharma HK. Analysing Curcuma caesia fractions and essential oil for neuroprotective potential against anxiety, depression, and amnesia. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:240. [PMID: 33968583 PMCID: PMC8076375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific pieces of evidence support the pharmacological activity of Curcuma caesia for its antidepressant, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antioxidant effect. Here, we evaluate the bioactivity of essential oil and the various polarity-based solvent partitioned fractions obtained from Curcuma caesia for anti-amnesia, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities using Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze models. The cold maceration technique using methanol was adopted for extraction from dried powdered rhizomes and essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method. Partitioning of the methanolic extract based on solvent polarity by hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol was continued, followed by column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction. Suspensions were prepared for fractions (dissolved in distilled water) and essential oil (dissolved in tween 20) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg after acute toxicity study and were orally administered to Wistar albino female rats after the orientation of hypoxia by sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg) and amnesia by scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Behavioural observations, biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out for all the treated groups. Diazepam (12 mg/kg) and galantamine (3 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs for this study against hypoxia and amnesia. Data acquired from behavioural, biochemical (acetylcholinesterase, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase) and histopathological studies have illustrated that fraction II acquires highly significant memory-enhancing, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Rest fractions (I and III) and essential oil showed moderate efficacy. In prospects, identification of active molecules from the most active fraction (fraction II) and further studies on a molecular basis would substantiate its specific mechanism of neuroprotective action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshana Borah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Priyanka Sarkar
- DBT Wellcome Lab, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Investigating the effects of different natural molecules on the structure and oligomerization propensity of hen egg-white lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
4
|
Sarrafpour S, Ormseth C, Chiang A, Arakaki X, Harrington M, Fonteh A. Lipid Metabolism in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Differs from Patients Presenting with Other Dementia Phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111995. [PMID: 31195602 PMCID: PMC6603882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ42) and Tau and cognitive decline are typical characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since dysregulation in lipid metabolism accompanies abnormal amyloid formation, we quantified glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipids (SP) in CSF fractions from participants with late-onset AD (LOAD, n = 29) or with Other Dementia (OD, n = 10) to determine if alterations in lipid metabolism account for pathological differences. Aβ42 and total Tau levels were determined using a sandwich ELISA. Liposomal-based fluorescent assays were used to measure phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and acid or neutral sphingomyelinase (aSMase, nSMase) activities. Supernatant fluid (SF) and nanoparticle (NP) lipids were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Although CSF Aβ42 and Tau levels are similar, phosphatidylserine (PS) in SF and ceramide (CM) levels in NP are significantly higher in OD compared with LOAD. The aSMase but not the nSMase activity is higher in OD. PLA2 activity in CSF from OD subjects positively correlates with several GP classes in SF and NP fractions but not in LOAD fractions. Our data indicate differences in CSF lipid metabolism between dementia variants. Higher levels of inflammatory and apoptotic lipids may induce faster neuronal death, resulting in the earlier cognitive decline in patients with OD phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syena Sarrafpour
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Cora Ormseth
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Abby Chiang
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | - Alfred Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtns), a subtype of phospholipids, have a close association with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Decreased levels of PlsEtns have been commonly found in AD patients, and were correlated with cognition deficit and severity of disease. Limited studies showed positive therapeutic outcomes with plasmalogens interventions in AD subjects and in rodents. The potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of PlsEtns on AD may be related to the reduction of γ–secretase activity, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of β-amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark of AD. Emerging in vitro evidence also showed that PlsEtns prevented neuronal cell death by enhancing phosphorylation of AKT and ERK signaling through the activation of orphan G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) proteins. In addition, PlsEtns have been found to suppress the death of primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cells through the inhibition of caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavages. Further in-depth investigations are required to determine the signature molecular species of PlsEtns associated with AD, hence their potential role as biomarkers. Clinical intervention with plasmalogens is still in its infancy but may have the potential to be explored for a novel therapeutic approach to correct AD pathology and neural function.
Collapse
|
6
|
Siposova K, Sedlak E, Kozar T, Nemergut M, Musatov A. Dual effect of non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 on insulin amyloid formation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:709-718. [PMID: 30384267 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy, Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and molecular modeling techniques have been employed to investigate the amyloid aggregation of insulin in the presence of non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100 (TX-100). In contrast to recently described inhibition of lysozyme amyloid formation by non-ionic detergents (Siposova, 2017), the amyloid aggregation of insulin in the presence of sub-micellar TX-100 concentration exhibits two dissimilar phases. The first, inhibition phase, is observed at the protein to detergent molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:1. During this phase, the insulin amyloid fibril formation is inhibited by TX-100 up to ∼60%. The second, "morphological" phase, is observed at increasing detergent concentration, corresponding to protein:detergent molar ratio of ∼1:1 - 1:10. Under these conditions a significant increase of the steady-state ThT fluorescence intensities and a dramatically changed morphology of the insulin fibrils were observed. Increasing of the detergent concentration above the CMC led to complete inhibition of amyloidogenesis. Analysis of the experimental and molecular modeling results suggests an existence of up to six TX-100 binding sites within dimer of insulin with different binding energy. The physiological relevance of the results is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Siposova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Erik Sedlak
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, TIP - P.J. Safarik University, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Kozar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, TIP - P.J. Safarik University, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia; Laboratory of Information Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Michal Nemergut
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrey Musatov
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammadi AS, Li X, Ewing AG. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Suggests That Cisplatin Affects Exocytotic Release by Alteration of Cell Membrane Lipids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8509-8516. [PMID: 29912552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging to investigate the effect of cisplatin, the first member of the platinum-based anticancer drugs, on the membrane lipid composition of model cells to see if lipid changes might be involved in the changes in exocytosis observed. Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been reported to affect neurotransmitter release resulting in what is called the "chemobrain"; however, the mechanism for the influence is not yet understood. TOF-SIMS imaging was carried out using a high energy 40 keV (CO2)6000+ gas cluster ion beam with improved sensitivity for intact lipids in biological samples. Principal components analysis showed that cisplatin treatment of PC12 cells significantly affects the abundance of different lipids and their derivatives, particularly phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, which are diminished. Treatment of cells with 2 μM and 100 μM cisplatin showed similar effects on induced lipid changes. Lipid content alterations caused by cisplatin treatment at the cell surface are associated with the molecular and bimolecular signaling pathways of cisplatin-induced apoptosis of cells. We suggest that lipid alterations measured by TOF-SIMS are involved, at least in part, in the regulation of exocytosis by cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden.,National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Xianchan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden.,National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leon AM, Medina WT, Park DJ, Aguilera JM. Properties of microparticles from a whey protein isolate/alginate emulsion gel. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2018; 24:414-423. [PMID: 29486594 DOI: 10.1177/1082013218762210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Designing soft, palatable and nutritious texture-modified foods for the elderly is a challenge for food technologists. The aim of this work was to produce and characterize emulsion-gelled microparticles (EGM) made from whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) that may be used to modify the rheology of liquid foods and as carriers of lipids and lipophilic nutrients and bioactives. Olive oil microdroplets became embedded in the WPI/NaAlg gel matrix in the form of an emulsion produced by ultrasound (US) or high-speed blending (HSB). Oil microdroplets were obtained by US and HSB, with an average equivalent diameter varying between 2.0-3.2 µm and 4.5-6.7 µm, respectively. Oil incorporation increased compression stress of bulk emulsion gels at small deformations compared to the no-oil microgel, but this effect was reversed at high strains. EGM were prepared by shear-induced size reduction. Rheological tests at 20 ℃ and 40 ℃ showed that US-EGM and HSB-EGM exhibited a predominant elastic behavior, with G' > G″ throughout the frequency range. However, when HSB-EGM were heated at 60 ℃ their rheological behavior changed to a more fluid-like condition, but not that of US-EGM. Consequently, EGM have the properties needed to improve food texture for people with masticatory/swallowing dysfunctions or needing special nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Leon
- 1 Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,2 Department of Agroindustries, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Peru
| | - Wenceslao T Medina
- 2 Department of Agroindustries, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Peru
| | - Dong J Park
- 3 Korean Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - José M Aguilera
- 1 Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The role of oxysterol-binding protein and its related proteins in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:149-153. [PMID: 28733164 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and its related proteins (ORPs) constitute a large, evolutionarily conserved family of lipid-binding proteins that are associated with a wide range of cellular activities. The core function of OSBP/ORPs appears to be moving lipids between cellular membranes in a non-vesicular manner. Recent studies have unveiled a novel, counter-transport mechanism of cellular lipid transfer mediated by OSBP/ORPs at the membrane contact sites that involves phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Importantly, the OSBP/ORPs family has also been implicated in cell signalling pathways and cancer development. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding the role of OSBP/ORPs in cancer development, and discuss how the lipid transfer function of OSBP/ORPs may underpin their role in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Colin J, Thomas MH, Gregory-Pauron L, Pinçon A, Lanhers MC, Corbier C, Claudepierre T, Yen FT, Oster T, Malaplate-Armand C. Maintenance of membrane organization in the aging mouse brain as the determining factor for preventing receptor dysfunction and for improving response to anti-Alzheimer treatments. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:84-93. [PMID: 28347928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the "aging" parameter is not systematically considered in preclinical validation of anti-AD drugs. To explore how aging affects neuronal reactivity to anti-AD agents, the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-associated pathway was chosen as a model. Comparison of the neuroprotective properties of CNTF in 6- and 18-month old mice revealed that CNTF resistance in the older animals is associated with the exclusion of the CNTF-receptor subunits from rafts and their subsequent dispersion to non-raft cortical membrane domains. This age-dependent membrane remodeling prevented both the formation of active CNTF-receptor complexes and the activation of prosurvival STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways, demonstrating that age-altered membranes impaired the reactivity of potential therapeutic targets. CNTF-receptor distribution and CNTF signaling responses were improved in older mice receiving dietary docosahexaenoic acid, with CNTF-receptor functionality being similar to those of younger mice, pointing toward dietary intervention as a promising adjuvant strategy to maintain functional neuronal membranes, thus allowing the associated receptors to respond appropriately to anti-AD agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Colin
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie H Thomas
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Lynn Gregory-Pauron
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anthony Pinçon
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lanhers
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Corbier
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Claudepierre
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Frances T Yen
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thierry Oster
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Malaplate-Armand
- UR AFPA - INRA USC 340, EA 3998, Équipe Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalité des Lipides Alimentaires (BFLA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie - Endocrinologie - Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Siposova K, Kozar T, Musatov A. Interaction of nonionic detergents with the specific sites of lysozyme amyloidogenic region - inhibition of amyloid fibrillization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 150:445-455. [PMID: 27842932 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two nonionic detergents, Triton X-100 (TX-100) and n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM) were tested for their ability to affect lysozyme amyloid aggregation. We have demonstrated that fibrillization of lysozyme is completely inhibited by low sub-micellar concentrations of both of these detergents. The apparent IC50 values were calculated to be 22μM and 26μM for TX-100 and DDM, respectively. The detergent/protein ratio is not the only parameter controlling inhibition. The precise timing of the detergent addition was found to be also crucial. It appears that the primary inhibitory activity of detergents resulted from inhibition of nuclei formation, in addition to inhibition of fibril polymerization at the early stage of protofibrils growth. The docking study revealed that Asn-59, Trp-63 and Ala-107, all present within the lysozyme amyloidogenic region, were involved in the interaction with both detergents. In addition, TX-100 also interacted with Gln-57 and Asp-103 within lysozyme. Moreover, based on our computational results, TX-100 bridges the Gln-57 and Ala-107 amino acids of the amyloidogenic segment of lysozyme and therefore inhibits more effectively the amyloid fibril formation. Along these lines, the knowledge gained from our study indicates that the detergents or their derivatives may be applicable as a promising strategy for the modulation of lysozyme protein aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Siposova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Tibor Kozar
- Center for multimodal imaging, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrey Musatov
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chmyrov V, Spielmann T, Hevekerl H, Widengren J. Trans–Cis Isomerization of Lipophilic Dyes Probing Membrane Microviscosity in Biological Membranes and in Live Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5690-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Chmyrov
- Experimental
Biomolecular
Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Thiemo Spielmann
- Experimental
Biomolecular
Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Heike Hevekerl
- Experimental
Biomolecular
Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental
Biomolecular
Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee SL, Thomas P, Fenech M. Genome instability biomarkers and blood micronutrient risk profiles associated with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Mutat Res 2015; 776:54-83. [PMID: 26364206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful maintenance of metabolic systems relating to accurate DNA replication and repair is critical for optimal lifelong human health. Should this homeostatic balance become impaired, genomic instability events can arise, compromising the integrity of the genome, which may result in gene expression and human disease. Both genome instability and micronutrient imbalance have been identified and implicated in diseases associated with accelerated ageing which potentially leads to an increased risk for the future development of clinically defined neurodegenerative disorders. Cognitive decline leading to the clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been shown to predict an increased risk in later life of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Knowledge on the impact of dietary factors in relation to MCI and AD risk is improving but incomplete; in particular the role of nutrient combinations (i.e. nutriomes) has not been thoroughly investigated. Currently, there is a need for preventative strategies as well as the identification of robust and reproducible diagnostic biomarkers that will allow identification of those individuals with increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Growing evidence suggests cells originating from different somatic tissues derived from individuals that have been clinically diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders exhibit elevated frequencies of DNA damage compared to tissues of cognitively normal individuals which could be due to malnutrition. The objective of this review is to discuss current evidence and identify knowledge gaps relating to genome instability biomarkers and blood micronutrient profiles from human studies of MCI and AD that may be specific to and contribute to the increased risk of these diseases. This is a vital step in order to create research strategies for the future development of diagnostics that are indicative of dementia risk and to inform preventative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sau Lai Lee
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Philip Thomas
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hascalovici JR, Song W, Liberman A, Vaya J, Khatib S, Holcroft C, Laferla F, Schipper HM. Neural HO-1/sterol interactions in vivo: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2014; 280:40-9. [PMID: 25218961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and altered cholesterol (CH) metabolism are characteristic of Alzheimer-diseased (AD) neural tissues. We previously provided evidence of significant HO-1/sterol interactions in vitro (cultured rat astroglia) and in post-mortem human AD brain (Religious Orders Study). METHODS The current experiments were designed to further delineate these interactions in vivo by comparing the behavior of HO-1/sterol interactions in two mouse models; (1) a novel HO-1 transgenic mouse (GFAP.HMOX1) engineered to selectively express human HO-1 in the astrocytic compartment and (2) the previously described triple transgenic AD mouse (3xTg-AD). In samples of frontal cortex, total CH, CH precursors and relevant oxysterols were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and HO-1 protein expression was assessed by ELISA. The relationships of HO-1 expression to total CH, CH precursors and total oxysterols were determined for both mouse models using linear regression analysis. RESULTS HO-1 expression is increased in GFAP.HMOX1 mice relative to wild type and in 11-12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice (with AD-like phenotype) relative to control mice and 5-6-month-old 3xTg-AD mice (no AD-like phenotype). Total oxysterols significantly decreased as HO-1 expression increased in GFAP.HMOX1 mice expressing high levels of HO-1, whereas total oxysterols increased as HO-1 expression increased in aged 3xTg-AD mice. Total CH and total CH precursors increased as HO-1 protein expression increased in 11-12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice relative to 5-6-month old 3xTg-AD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a differential impact of HO-1 on patterns of brain sterol and redox homeostasis that is contingent on the presence or absence of AD-like neuropathology. These data provide fresh insight concerning the regulation of sterol homeostasis within the aging and degenerating CNS which may inform the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for the management of AD and related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Hascalovici
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - W Song
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - A Liberman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - J Vaya
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Compounds, Migal-Galilee Technological Center and Tel Hai College, Kiryat-Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - S Khatib
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Compounds, Migal-Galilee Technological Center and Tel Hai College, Kiryat-Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - C Holcroft
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - F Laferla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA
| | - H M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun GY, Chuang DY, Zong Y, Jiang J, Lee JCM, Gu Z, Simonyi A. Role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways in different cell types in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:6-14. [PMID: 24573693 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) are important enzymes for the metabolism of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids. Among the three major classes of PLA(2)s in the mammalian system, the group IV calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA(2) alpha (cPLA(2)α) has received the most attention because it is widely expressed in nearly all mammalian cells and its active participation in cell metabolism. Besides Ca(2+) binding to its C2 domain, this enzyme can undergo a number of cell-specific post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation by protein kinases, S-nitrosylation through interaction with nitric oxide (NO), as well as interaction with other proteins and lipid molecules. Hydrolysis of phospholipids by cPLA(2) yields two important lipid mediators, arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids. While AA is known to serve as a substrate for cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, which are enzymes for the synthesis of eicosanoids and leukotrienes, lysophospholipids are known to possess detergent-like properties capable of altering microdomains of cell membranes. An important feature of cPLA(2) is its link to cell surface receptors that stimulate signaling pathways associated with activation of protein kinases and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the central nervous system (CNS), cPLA(2) activation has been implicated in neuronal excitation, synaptic secretion, apoptosis, cell-cell interaction, cognitive and behavioral function, oxidative-nitrosative stress, and inflammatory responses that underline the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the types of extracellular agonists that target intracellular signaling pathways leading to cPLA(2) activation among different cell types and under different physiological and pathological conditions have not been investigated in detail. In this review, special emphasis is given to metabolic events linking cPLA(2) to activation in neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, and cerebrovascular cells. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) for regulation of this enzyme is deemed important in the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ochocki JD, Igbavboa U, Wood WG, Arriaga EA, Wattenberg EV, Distefano MD. Evaluation of prenylated peptides for use in cellular imaging and biochemical analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1088:213-23. [PMID: 24146406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-673-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenylation involves the addition of a farnesyl (C15) or geranylgeranyl (C20) isoprenoid moiety onto the C-terminus of approximately 2 % of all mammalian proteins. This hydrophobic modification serves to direct membrane association of the protein. Due to the finding that the oncogenic protein Ras is naturally prenylated, several researchers have developed inhibitors of the prenyltransferase enzymes as cancer therapeutics. Despite numerous studies on the enzymology of prenylation in vitro, many questions remain about the process of prenylation in living cells. Using a combination of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we have shown that synthetic fluorescently labeled prenylated peptides enter a variety of different cell types. Additionally, using capillary electrophoresis we have shown that these peptides can be detected in minute quantities from lysates of cells treated with these peptides. This method will allow for further study of the enzymology of protein prenylation in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ochocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wood PL. Mass spectrometry strategies for clinical metabolomics and lipidomics in psychiatry, neurology, and neuro-oncology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:24-33. [PMID: 23842599 PMCID: PMC3857645 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics research has the potential to provide biomarkers for the detection of disease, for subtyping complex disease populations, for monitoring disease progression and therapy, and for defining new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. These potentials are far from being realized because of a number of technical, conceptual, financial, and bioinformatics issues. Mass spectrometry provides analytical platforms that address the technical barriers to success in metabolomics research; however, the limited commercial availability of analytical and stable isotope standards has created a bottleneck for the absolute quantitation of a number of metabolites. Conceptual and financial factors contribute to the generation of statistically under-powered clinical studies, whereas bioinformatics issues result in the publication of a large number of unidentified metabolites. The path forward in this field involves targeted metabolomics analyses of large control and patient populations to define both the normal range of a defined metabolite and the potential heterogeneity (eg, bimodal) in complex patient populations. This approach requires that metabolomics research groups, in addition to developing a number of analytical platforms, build sufficient chemistry resources to supply the analytical standards required for absolute metabolite quantitation. Examples of metabolomics evaluations of sulfur amino-acid metabolism in psychiatry, neurology, and neuro-oncology and of lipidomics in neurology will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Math and Science 435, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vitiello G, Di Marino S, D'Ursi AM, D'Errico G. Omega-3 fatty acids regulate the interaction of the Alzheimer's aβ(25-35) peptide with lipid membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14239-14245. [PMID: 24144219 DOI: 10.1021/la403416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are increasingly proposed as dietary supplements able to reduce the risk of development or progression of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, the molecular mechanism through which these lipids act has not been yet univocally identified. In this work, we investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids could interfere with the fate of the Alzheimer-related amyloid peptide by tuning the microstructural and dynamical properties of the neuronal membrane. To this aim, the influence of the omega-3 lipid, 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [22:6(cis)PC] on the biophysical properties of lipid bilayers, and on their interaction with the amyloid peptide fragment Aβ(25-35) has been investigated by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), using spin-labeled phospholipids. The results show that the peptide selectively interacts with bilayers enriched in cholesterol (Chol) and sphingomyelin (SM). [22:6(cis)PC] enhances the Aβ(25-35)/membrane interaction, favoring a deeper internalization of the peptide among the lipid acyl chains and, consequently, hindering its pathogenic self-aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples ''Federico II'' , Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics; CIAL (CSIC); Madrid; Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Identification and management of cognitive decline in companion animals and the comparisons with Alzheimer disease: A review. J Vet Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
21
|
Silva T, Teixeira J, Remião F, Borges F. Alzheimersche Demenz, Cholesterin und Statine: Berührungspunkte wichtiger Stoffwechselwege. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
22
|
Silva T, Teixeira J, Remião F, Borges F. Alzheimer's disease, cholesterol, and statins: the junctions of important metabolic pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1110-21. [PMID: 23280829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a significant increase in published data supporting the positive effects of statins on neurodegenerative diseases, in particular on Alzheimer's disease. Statins show neuroprotective activity by a combination of different cellular and systemic mechanisms that are based on the inhibition of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoid by-products. The promising results obtained in vivo and in epidemiological studies are generally not in accordance with those of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, these results make statins valuable assets for disease prevention rather than therapeutic agents for use when disease symptoms are already displayed. Thus, the modulation of midlife cholesterol and/or statin administration prior to the appearance of dementia or cognitive impairment may have a better long-term outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva
- CIQ/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Overlapped Metabolic and Therapeutic Links between Alzheimer and Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:399-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Effect of the surface charge of artificial model membranes on the aggregation of amyloid β-peptide. Biochimie 2012; 94:1730-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Mizuno S, Iijima R, Ogishima S, Kikuchi M, Matsuoka Y, Ghosh S, Miyamoto T, Miyashita A, Kuwano R, Tanaka H. AlzPathway: a comprehensive map of signaling pathways of Alzheimer's disease. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:52. [PMID: 22647208 PMCID: PMC3411424 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. To clarify pathogenesis of AD, thousands of reports have been accumulating. However, knowledge of signaling pathways in the field of AD has not been compiled as a database before. Description Here, we have constructed a publicly available pathway map called “AlzPathway” that comprehensively catalogs signaling pathways in the field of AD. We have collected and manually curated over 100 review articles related to AD, and have built an AD pathway map using CellDesigner. AlzPathway is currently composed of 1347 molecules and 1070 reactions in neuron, brain blood barrier, presynaptic, postsynaptic, astrocyte, and microglial cells and their cellular localizations. AlzPathway is available as both the SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language) map for CellDesigner and the high resolution image map. AlzPathway is also available as a web service (online map) based on Payao system, a community-based, collaborative web service platform for pathway model curation, enabling continuous updates by AD researchers. Conclusions AlzPathway is the first comprehensive map of intra, inter and extra cellular AD signaling pathways which can enable mechanistic deciphering of AD pathogenesis. The AlzPathway map is accessible at http://alzpathway.org/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cognitive disorder with a number of complex neuropathologies, including, but not limited to, neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, neuronal shrinkage, hypomyelination, neuroinflammation and cholinergic dysfunction. The role of underlying pathological processes in the evolution of the cholinergic deficit responsible for cognitive decline has not been elucidated. Furthermore, generation of testable hypotheses for defining points of pharmacological intervention in AD are complicated by the large scale occurrence of older individuals dying with no cognitive impairment despite having a high burden of AD pathology (plaques and tangles). To further complicate these research challenges, there is no animal model that reproduces the combined hallmark neuropathologies of AD. These research limitations have stimulated the application of 'omics' technologies in AD research with the goals of defining biologic markers of disease and disease progression and uncovering potential points of pharmacological intervention for the design of AD therapeutics. In the case of sporadic AD, the dominant form of dementia, genomics has revealed that the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E, a lipid transport/chaperone protein, is a susceptibility factor. This seminal observation points to the importance of lipid dynamics as an area of investigation in AD. In this regard, lipidomics studies have demonstrated that there are major deficits in brain structural glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, as well as alterations in metabolites of these complex structural lipids, which act as signaling molecules. Peroxisomal dysfunction appears to be a key component of the changes in glycerophospholipid deficits. In this review, lipid alterations and their potential roles in the pathophysiology of AD are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Pharmacology, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kastyak-Ibrahim MZ, Nasse MJ, Rak M, Hirschmugl C, Del Bigio MR, Albensi BC, Gough KM. Biochemical label-free tissue imaging with subcellular-resolution synchrotron FTIR with focal plane array detector. Neuroimage 2011; 60:376-83. [PMID: 22197789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical questions into the cause of neural degeneration, in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, are closely related to the question of why certain neurons survive. Answers require detailed understanding of biochemical changes in single cells. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy is an excellent tool for biomolecular imaging in situ, but resolution is limited. The mid-infrared beamline IRENI (InfraRed ENvironmental Imaging) at the Synchrotron Radiation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, enables label-free subcellular imaging and biochemical analysis of neurons with an increase of two orders of magnitude in pixel spacing over current systems. With IRENI's capabilities, it is now possible to study changes in individual neurons in situ, and to characterize their surroundings, using only the biochemical signatures of naturally-occurring components in unstained, unfixed tissue. We present examples of analyses of brain from two transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease (TgCRND8 and 3xTg) that exhibit different features of pathogenesis. Data processing on spectral features for nuclei reveals individual hippocampal neurons, and neurons located in the proximity of amyloid plaque in TgCRND8 mouse. Elevated lipids are detected surrounding and, for the first time, within the dense core of amyloid plaques, offering support for inflammatory and aggregation roles. Analysis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ester content in retina allows characterization of neuronal layers. IRENI images also reveal spatially-resolved data with unprecedented clarity and distinct spectral variation, from sub-regions including photoreceptors, neuronal cell bodies and synapses in sections of mouse retina. Biochemical composition of retinal layers can be used to study changes related to disease processes and dietary modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Z Kastyak-Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Salvà A, Andrieu S, Fernandez E, Schiffrin EJ, Moulin J, Decarli B, Rojano-i-Luque X, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Health and nutrition promotion program for patients with dementia (NutriAlz): cluster randomized trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:822-30. [PMID: 22159768 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of health and nutrition program (NutriAlz) versus usual care on functional level in elderly people with dementia living at home, as well as on clinical practice related to nutrition and on the caregiver's burden. DESIGN Cluster randomized multi-centre study with one-year follow-up. SETTING 11 Alzheimer outpatients and day care centres (Barcelona, Spain). PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred and forty six home-living Alzheimer patients with identified caregiver were consecutively recruited (intervention group: 6 centres, 448 patients vs control group: 5 centres, 498 patients). INTERVENTION The intervention was a teaching and training intervention on health and nutrition program, NutriAlz, directed both to physician and main caregiver, as well as persons affected by Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, including a standardised protocol for feeding and nutrition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was the reduction in the loss of autonomy (Activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) scales) assessed at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes measures were Improvement in nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), BMI, and weight changes), and caregiver burden (Zarit scale). RESULTS The one-year assessment was completed for 293 patients (65.4%) in the intervention group and 363 patients (72.9%) in the control group (usual care). The annual rate of ADL change was -0.83 vs -0.62 (p=0.984), and the caregiver's subjective burden 0.59 vs 2.36 (p=0.681) in intervention and control group, respectively. MNA, however, showed an improvement (+0.46 vs -0.66, p=0.028), suggesting an effective nutritional behaviour. CONCLUSION The NutriAlz program had no effect on functional decline in Alzheimer disease patients living at home over one year, but reduced the risk for malnutrition, as recommendations concerning diet and exercise were provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salvà
- Institut de l'Envelliment, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carter CL, McLeod CW, Bunch J. Imaging of phospholipids in formalin fixed rat brain sections by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1991-8. [PMID: 21952770 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a valuable tool for the analysis of molecules directly from tissue. Imaging of phospholipids is gaining widespread interest, particularly as these lipids have been implicated in a variety of pathologic processes. Formalin fixation (FF) is the standard protocol used in histology laboratories worldwide to preserve tissue for analysis, in order to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This study assesses MALDI imaging of phospholipids directly in formalin fixed tissue, with a view to future analysis of archival tissue. This investigation proves the viability of MALDI-MSI for studying the distribution of lipids directly in formalin fixed tissue, without any pretreatment protocols. High quality molecular images for several phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) species are presented. Images correspond well with previously published data for the analysis of lipids directly from freshly prepared tissue. Different ionization pathways are observed when analyzing fixed tissue compared with fresh, and this change was found to be associated with formalin buffers employed in fixation protocols. The ability to analyze lipids directly from formalin fixed tissue opens up new doors in the investigation of disease profiles. Pathologic specimens taken for histologic investigation can be analyzed by MALDI-MS to provide greater information on the involvement of lipids in diseased tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Carter
- The School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Corsinovi L, Biasi F, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G, Isaia G. Dietary lipids and their oxidized products in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S161-72. [PMID: 21954186 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest form of dementia in the elderly, characterized by memory dysfunction, loss of lexical access, spatial and temporal disorientation, and impaired judgment. A growing body of scientific literature addresses the implication of dietary habits in the pathogenesis of AD. This review reports recent findings concerning the modulation of AD development by dietary lipids, in animals and humans, focusing on the pathogenetic role of lipid oxidation products. Oxidative breakdown products of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs), and cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols), might play a role in favoring β-amyloid deposition, a hallmark of AD's onset and progression. Conversely, ω-3 PUFAs appear to contribute to preventing and treating AD. However, high concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs can also produce oxidized derivatives reacting with important functions of nervous cells. Thus, altered balances between cholesterol and oxysterols, and between ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs must be considered in AD's pathophysiology. The use of a diet with an appropriate ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio, rich in healthy oils, fish and antioxidants, such as flavonoids, but low in cholesterol-containing foods, can be a beneficial component in the clinical strategies of prevention of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corsinovi
- Internal Medicine Division, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee MJ, Park SH, Han JH, Hong YK, Hwang S, Lee S, Kim D, Han SY, Kim ES, Cho KS. The effects of hempseed meal intake and linoleic acid on Drosophila models of neurodegenerative diseases and hypercholesterolemia. Mol Cells 2011; 31:337-42. [PMID: 21331775 PMCID: PMC3933972 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hempseed is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have potential as therapeutic compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of hempseed meal (HSM) intake on the animal models of these diseases has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed the effects of the intake of HSM and PUFAs on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and neurological phenotypes, and cholesterol uptake, using Drosophila models. HSM intake was shown to reduce H(2)O(2) toxicity markedly, indicating that HSM exerts a profound antioxidant effect. Meanwhile, intake of HSM, as well as linoleic or linolenic acids (major PUFA components of HSM) was shown to ameliorate Aβ42-induced eye degeneration, thus suggesting that these compounds exert a protective effect against Aβ42 cytotoxicity. On the contrary, locomotion and longevity in the Parkinson's disease model and eye degeneration in the Huntington's disease model were unaffected by HSM feeding. Additionally, intake of HSM or linoleic acid was shown to reduce cholesterol uptake significantly. Moreover, linoleic acid intake has been shown to delay pupariation, and cholesterol feeding rescued the linoleic acid-induced larval growth delay, thereby indicating that linoleic acid acts antagonistically with cholesterol during larval growth. In conclusion, our results indicate that HSM and linoleic acid exert inhibitory effects on both Aβ42 cytotoxicity and cholesterol uptake, and are potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ju Hua Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Soojin Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Darae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bazar E, Sheynis T, Dorosz J, Jelinek R. Heparin Inhibits Membrane Interactions and Lipid-Induced Fibrillation of a Prion Amyloidogenic Determinant. Chembiochem 2011; 12:761-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
33
|
Lee JCM, Simonyi A, Sun AY, Sun GY. Phospholipases A2 and neural membrane dynamics: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2011; 116:813-9. [PMID: 21214562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) are essential enzymes in cells. They are not only responsible for maintaining the structural organization of cell membranes, but also play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell functions. Activation of PLA(2) s results in the release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids, products that are lipid mediators and compounds capable of altering membrane microdomains and physical properties. Although not fully understood, recent studies have linked aberrant PLA(2) activity to oxidative signaling pathways involving NADPH oxidase that underlie the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review studies describing the involvement of cytosolic PLA(2) in oxidative signaling pathways leading to neuronal impairment and activation of glial cell inflammatory responses. In addition, this review also includes information on the role of cytosolic PLA(2) and exogenous secretory PLA(2) on membrane physical properties, dynamics, and membrane proteins. Unraveling the mechanisms that regulate specific types of PLA(2)s and their effects on membrane dynamics are important prerequisites towards understanding their roles in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, and in the development of novel therapeutics to retard progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C-M Lee
- Biological Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
At present it is estimated that 25% of the population older than 85 years have significant cognitive impairment. The global prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease is expected to rise significantly in proportion to increased life expectancy. Deterioration of memory function and ultimately establishment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely debilitates the affected individual, uncompromisingly decreasing the quality of life of both affected patients and their care givers. Moreover, the cost of providing adequate care to patients with AD is a significant burden to both family and the health care providers. Therefore, various attempts have been made to identify means of either delaying the onset of cognitive impairment or improving memory function in patients affected by AD. Among a number of participants, importance of dietary fatty acids in particular omega-3 based fatty acids have gained significant momentum. This article aims to review published evidences for the role of omega-3 in memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imose Itua
- Department of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin. Despite questions as to the underlying cause(s) of this disease, shared risk factors for both AD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease indicate that vascular mechanisms may critically contribute to the development and progression of both AD and atherosclerosis. An increased risk of developing AD is linked to the presence of the apoE4 (apolipoprotein E4) allele, which is also strongly associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recent studies also indicate that cardiovascular risk factors, including elevated blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride), increase the likelihood of AD and vascular dementia. Lipids and lipoproteins in the circulation interact intimately with the cerebrovasculature, and may have important effects on its constituent brain microvascular endothelial cells and the adjoining astrocytes, which are components of the neurovascular unit. The present review will examine the potential mechanisms for understanding the contributions of vascular factors, including lipids, lipoproteins and cerebrovascular Abeta (amyloid beta), to AD, and suggest therapeutic strategies for the attenuation of this devastating disease process. Specifically, we will focus on the actions of apoE, TGRLs (triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins) and TGRL lipolysis products on injury of the neurovascular unit and increases in blood-brain barrier permeability.
Collapse
|
36
|
Alpha-synuclein, lipids and Parkinson's disease. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:420-8. [PMID: 20580911 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, among the aging human population. The main symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as tremor and movement disabilities are the result of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. The widely-accepted subcellular factor which underlies Parkinson's disease neuropathology is the presence of Lewy bodies with characteristic inclusions of aggregated alpha-synuclein. This small soluble protein has been implicated in a range of interactions with phospholipid membranes and free fatty acids. The precise biological function of this protein is, however, still under investigation. Here we review the evidence linking alpha-synuclein, lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial damage and Parkinson's disease. We propose that association of alpha-synuclein with oxidized lipid metabolites can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in turn leading to dopaminergic neuron death and thus to Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Karapanagiotidis IT, Yakupitiyage A, Little DC, Bell MV, Mente E. The nutritional value of lipids in various tropical aquatic animals from rice–fish farming systems in northeast Thailand. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
38
|
Rózga M, Bal W. The Cu(II)/Aβ/Human Serum Albumin Model of Control Mechanism for Copper-Related Amyloid Neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 23:298-308. [DOI: 10.1021/tx900358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rózga
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, and Central Institute for Labour Protection, National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, and Central Institute for Labour Protection, National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dietary fats, cerebrovasculature integrity and Alzheimer's disease risk. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 49:159-70. [PMID: 19896503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An emerging body of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that dietary fats influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but less clear is the mechanisms by which this occurs. Alzheimer's is an inflammatory disorder, many consider in response to fibrillar formation and extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta). Alternatively, amyloidosis could notionally be a secondary phenomenon to inflammation, because some studies suggest that cerebrovascular disturbances precede amyloid plaque formation. Hence, dietary fats may influence AD risk by either modulating Abeta metabolism, or via Abeta independent pathways. This review explores these two possibilities taking into consideration; (i) the substantial affinity of Abeta for lipids and its ordinary metabolism as an apolipoprotein; (ii) evidence that Abeta has potent vasoactive properties and (iii) studies which show that dietary fats modulate Abeta biogenesis and secretion. We discuss accumulating evidence that dietary fats significantly influence cerebrovascular integrity and as a consequence altered Abeta kinetics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Specifically, chronic ingestion of saturated fats or cholesterol appears to results in BBB dysfunction and exaggerated delivery from blood-to-brain of peripheral Abeta associated with lipoproteins of intestinal and hepatic origin. Interestingly, the pattern of saturated fat/cholesterol induced cerebrovascular disturbances in otherwise normal wild-type animal strains is analogous to established models of AD genetically modified to overproduce Abeta, consistent with a causal association. Saturated fats and cholesterol may exacerbate Abeta induced cerebrovascular disturbances by enhancing exposure of vessels of circulating Abeta. However, presently there is no evidence to support this contention. Rather, SFA and cholesterol appear to more broadly compromise BBB integrity with the consequence of plasma protein leakage into brain, including lipoprotein associated Abeta. The latter findings are consistent with the concept that AD is a dietary-fat induced phenotype of vascular dementia, reflecting the extraordinary entrapment of peripherally derived lipoproteins endogenously enriched in Abeta. Rather than being the initiating trigger for inflammation in AD, accumulation of extracellular lipoprotein-Abeta may be a secondary amplifier of dietary induced inflammation, or possibly, simply be consequential. Clearly, delineating the mechanisms by which dietary fats increase AD risk may be informative in developing new strategies for prevention and treatment of AD.
Collapse
|