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Fu L, Deng J, Liu S, Zhang C, Xue W, Mailhot G, Vione D, Deng Y, Wang C, Wang L. Efficient regulation of cadmium accumulation by carboxymethylammonium chloride in rice: Correlation analysis and expression of transporter gene OsGLR3. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172861. [PMID: 38685417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of carboxymethylammonium chloride (CC) regulating cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice was studied in field and hydroponic experiments. Field experiments showed that 0.2-1.2 mmol L-1 CC spraying effectively reduced Cd accumulation by 44 %-77 % in early rice grains and 39 %-78 % in late rice grains, significantly increased calcium (Ca) content and amino acids content in grains, as well as alleviated Cd-induced oxidative damage in leaves. Hydroponic experiments further verified the inhibition effect of CC on Cd accumulation. 1.2 mmol L-1 CC made the highest decrease of Cd content in shoots and roots of hydroponic seedlings by 45 % and 53 %, respectively. Exogenous CC significantly increased glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly) and glutathione (GSH) content, and improved the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 41-131 % and 11-121 % in shoots of hydroponic seedlings, respectively. Exogenous CC also increased the relative expression of OsGLR3.1-3.5 in the shoots and roots of hydroponic seedlings. The quantum computational chemistry was used to clarify that the Gly radical provided by CC could form various complexes with Cd through carboxyl oxygen atoms. These results showed that exogenous application of CC improved the tolerance to Cd by enhancing the antioxidant capacity; inhibited the absorption, transport and accumulation of Cd in rice by (1) promoting chelation, (2) increasing the GLRs activity through upregulating the content of Glu, Gly, as well as the expression of OsGLR3.1-3.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Shuangyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Fu L, Deng J, Lao DR, Zhang C, Xue W, Deng Y, Luo X. Effects of Foliar Spraying of Dicarboxylicdimethylammonium Chloride on Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grains. TOXICS 2024; 12:418. [PMID: 38922098 PMCID: PMC11209034 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A field experiment with double cropping rice was carried out to study the foliar application effects of dicarboxylicdimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) on cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grains. The results showed that the spraying of DDAC could significantly reduce the accumulation of Cd and As in rice grains. The highest reductions in Cd and As content were observed when 1.5 mmol L-1 DDAC was sprayed, with 49.1% and 27.4% reductions in Cd and As content in early rice grains and 56.5% and 28.1% reductions in Cd and As content in late rice grains, respectively. In addition, the content of calcium (Ca) in rice grains increased significantly after DDAC foliar application, which was also conducive to the synthesis of amino acids such as glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly) and cysteine (Cys) in rice grains. The results indicated that the foliar spraying of DDAC can inhibit the absorption, transport, accumulation and toxicity of Cd and As in rice grains by increasing amino acid synthesis and regulating the absorption and transport of essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (L.F.); (J.D.); (D.R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiawei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (L.F.); (J.D.); (D.R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Dayliana Ruiz Lao
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (L.F.); (J.D.); (D.R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (L.F.); (J.D.); (D.R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (L.F.); (J.D.); (D.R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (L.F.); (J.D.); (D.R.L.); (X.L.)
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Zhang J, Ru X, You W, Xu F, Wu Z, Jin P, Zheng Y, Cao S. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-associated phospholipid metabolism mediates DcGLRs channel to promote calcium influx under CaCl 2 treatment in shredded carrots during storage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132517. [PMID: 38777008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) occurs early after the stimulation of biotic and abiotic stress in plants, which directly associated with the calcium channel-induced calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. Exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl2) mediates the calcium signaling transduction to promote the γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation and nutritional quality in shredded carrots whereas the generation mechanism remains uncertain. Therefore, the involvement of PI-PLC-associated phospholipid metabolism was investigated in present study. Our result revealed that CaCl2 treatment promoted the expression and activity of PI-PLC and increased the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and hexakisphosphate content in shredded carrots. The transcripts of multi-glutamate receptor-like channels (DcGLRs), the glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, and Ca2+ influx were induced by CaCl2 treatment in shredded carrots during storage. However, PI-PLC inhibitor (U73122) treatment inhibited the activation of PI-PLC, the increase of many DcGLRs family genes expression levels, and Ca2+ influx. Moreover, the identification of DcPI-PLC4/6 and DcGLRs proteins, along with the analysis of characteristic domains such as PLCXc, PLCYc, C2 domain, transmembranous regions, and ligand binding domain, suggests their involvement in phospholipid catalysis and calcium transport in carrots. Furthermore, DcPI-PLC4/6 overexpression in tobacco leaves induced the Ca2+ influx by activating the expressions of NtGLRs and the accumulation of glutamate and GABA. These findings collectively indicate that CaCl2 treatment-induced PI-PLC activation influences DcGLRs expression levels to mediate cytosolic Ca2+ influx, thus, highlighting the "PI-PLC-GLRs-Ca2+" pathway in calcium signaling generation and GABA biosynthesis in shredded carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueyin Ru
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wanli You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China.
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Gokce A, Sekmen Cetinel AH, Turkan I. Involvement of GLR-mediated nitric oxide effects on ROS metabolism in Arabidopsis plants under salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:485-503. [PMID: 38448641 PMCID: PMC11082007 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) play important roles in plant development, immune response, defense signaling and Nitric oxide (NO) production. However, their involvement in abiotic stress responses, particularly in regulating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate GLR-mediated NO production on ROS regulation in salt-stressed cells. To achieve this, Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col-0) were treated with NaCl, glutamate antagonists [(DNQX (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and AP-5(D-2-amino-5-phosphono pentanoic acid)], and NO scavenger [cPTIO (2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt)]. Salt-stressed plants in combination with DNQX and AP-5 have exhibited higher increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O-2) contents as compared to solely NaCl-treated plants. Furthermore, NO and total glutathione contents, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity decreased with these treatments. AP-5 and DNQX increased the activities of NADPH oxidase (NOX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), cell wall peroxidase (CWPOX) in salt-stressed Arabidopsis leaves. However, their activities (except NOX) were significantly inhibited by cPTIO. Conversely, the combination of NaCl and GLR antagonists, NO scavenger decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) resulting in elevated GSSG levels, a low GSH/GSSG ratio, impaired ROS scavenging, excessive ROS accumulation and cell membrane damage. The findings of this study provide evidence that GLR-mediated NO plays a crucial role in improvement of the tolerance of Arabidopsis plants to salt-induced oxidative stress. It helps to maintain cellular redox homeostasis by reducing ROS accumulation and increasing the activity of SOD, GSNOR, and the ASC-GSH cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azime Gokce
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | | | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
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Yin L, Liu S, Sun W, Ke X, Zuo Y. Genome-wide identification of glutamate receptor genes in adzuki bean and the roles of these genes in light and rust fungal response. Gene 2023:147593. [PMID: 37364697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor proteins (GLRs) are involved in plant development, biotic stress, and light-signal transduction. Vigna angularis is a traditional crop with important economic value in China, and the identification of functional genes can facilitate the breeding of stress resistant varieties. Here, we identified the members of the GLR gene family in the adzuki bean genome and investigated gene expression under light and rust fungal (Uromyces vignae) stimuli. Sixteen GLR genes were identified in V. angularis (VaGLRs), and these genes clustered in a single clade (clade III) with two groups. Evolutionary analysis showed that three VaGLRs result from tandem duplications and four result from whole genome/segmental duplications. To understand the regulation of expression of VaGLRs, cis-acting elements were analyzed in the promoter regions of the VaGLRs including cis-acting elements associated with light and stress responsiveness. Expression analysis by qRT-PCR revealed transcripts of eight and 10 VaGLRs in response to light stimuli and rust infection, respectively. For light responsiveness, the expression levels of XP_017430569.1 and XP_017425299.1 were higher under light condition than in darkness, while the expression levels of XP_017406996.1, XP_017425763.1, and XP_017423557.1 gradually recovered during dark treatment. Additionally, the relative expression levels of XP_017413816.1, XP_017436268.1, and XP_017425299.1 were significantly elevated during U. vignae infection in a resistant cultivar compared to the expression levels in a susceptible cultivar. XP_017425299.1 expression was induced both by light and rust infection, suggesting this gene may link light and disease resistance signaling pathways. Our results provide insight into how the VaGLRs contribute to adzuki bean response to light stimulus and pathogen attack. These identified VaGLRs also provide important reference to improve adzuki bean germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control / National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Shengmiao Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control / National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Weina Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control / National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Xiwang Ke
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control / National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yuhu Zuo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control / National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
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Yu B, Liu N, Tang S, Qin T, Huang J. Roles of Glutamate Receptor-Like Channels (GLRs) in Plant Growth and Response to Environmental Stimuli. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3450. [PMID: 36559561 PMCID: PMC9782139 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) are the homologues of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that mediate neurotransmission in mammals, and they play important roles in various plant-specific physiological processes, such as pollen tube growth, sexual reproduction, root meristem proliferation, internode cell elongation, stomata aperture regulation, and innate immune and wound responses. Notably, these biological functions of GLRs have been mostly linked to the Ca2+-permeable channel activity as GLRs can directly channel the transmembrane flux of Ca2+, which acts as a key second messenger in plant cell responses to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Thus, it was hypothesized that GLRs are mainly involved in Ca2+ signaling processes in plant cells. Recently, great progress has been made in GLRs for their roles in long-distance signal transduction pathways mediated by electrical activity and Ca2+ signaling. Here, we review the recent progress on plant GLRs, and special attention is paid to recent insights into the roles of GLRs in response to environmental stimuli via Ca2+ signaling, electrical activity, ROS, as well as hormone signaling networks. Understanding the roles of GLRs in integrating internal and external signaling for plant developmental adaptations to a changing environment will definitely help to enhance abiotic stress tolerance.
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Parmagnani AS, Maffei ME. Calcium Signaling in Plant-Insect Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2689. [PMID: 36297718 PMCID: PMC9609891 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plant-insect interactions, calcium (Ca2+) variations are among the earliest events associated with the plant perception of biotic stress. Upon herbivory, Ca2+ waves travel long distances to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defense program. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and electrical signaling are interlinked to form a network supporting rapid signal transmission, whereas the Ca2+ message is decoded and relayed by Ca2+-binding proteins (including calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, annexins and calcineurin B-like proteins). Monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long-distance propagation during biotic interactions requires innovative imaging techniques based on sensitive sensors and using genetically encoded indicators. This review summarizes the recent advances in Ca2+ signaling upon herbivory and reviews the most recent Ca2+ imaging techniques and methods.
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Naz R, Khan A, Alghamdi BS, Ashraf GM, Alghanmi M, Ahmad A, Bashir SS, Haq QMR. An Insight into Animal Glutamate Receptors Homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana and Their Potential Applications-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192580. [PMID: 36235446 PMCID: PMC9572488 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Most excitatory impulses received by neurons are mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These receptors are located at the apex and play an important role in memory, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. These receptors are ligand-dependent ion channels that allow a wide range of cations to pass through. Glutamate, a neurotransmitter, activates three central ionotropic receptors: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA), and kainic acid (KA). According to the available research, excessive glutamate release causes neuronal cell death and promotes neurodegenerative disorders. Arabidopsis thaliana contains 20 glutamate receptor genes (AtGluR) comparable to the human ionotropic glutamate (iGluRs) receptor. Many studies have proved that AtGL-rec genes are involved in a number of plant growth and physiological activities, such as in the germination of seeds, roots, abiotic and biotic stress, and cell signaling, which clarify the place of these genes in plant biology. In spite of these, the iGluRs, Arabidopsis glutamate receptors (AtGluR), is associated with the ligand binding activity, which confirms the evolutionary relationship between animal and plant glutamate receptors. Along with the above activities, the impact of mammalian agonists and antagonists on Arabidopsis suggests a correlation between plant and animal glutamate receptors. In addition, these glutamate receptors (plant/animal) are being utilized for the early detection of neurogenerative diseases using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach. However, a number of scientific laboratories and institutes are consistently working on glutamate receptors with different aspects. Currently, we are also focusing on Arabidopsis glutamate receptors. The current review is focused on updating knowledge on AtGluR genes, their evolution, functions, and expression, and as well as in comparison with iGluRs. Furthermore, a high throughput approach based on FRET nanosensors developed for understanding neurotransmitter signaling in animals and plants via glutamate receptors has been discussed. The updated information will aid in the future comprehension of the complex molecular dynamics of glutamate receptors and the exploration of new facts in plant/animal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruphi Naz
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maimonah Alghanmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Hu J, Chang R, Yuan Y, Li Z, Wang Y. Identification of Key Residues Essential for the Activation of Plant Immunity by Subtilisin From Bacillus velezensis LJ02. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869596. [PMID: 36046019 PMCID: PMC9421249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtilisin, a serine protease, can trigger defense responses in a wide variety of plants, both locally and systemically, to protect against pathogens. However, key residues of subtilisin to improve resistance to plant diseases remain unknown. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) leaves expressing subtilisin from Bacillus velezensis LJ02 were shown to improve protection against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). Furthermore, the underlying mechanism that LJ02 subtilisin improved the protective effect was explored, and the direct inhibitory effect of subtilisin on B. cinerea was excluded in vitro. Subsequently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and upregulation of resistance-related genes in systemic leaves of N. benthamiana further verified that subtilisin could induce systemic protection against B. cinerea. G307A/T308A and S213A/L214A/G215A subtilisin significantly reduced the ability to resist B. cinerea infection in N. benthamiana. Furthermore, the ROS content and expression levels of resistance-related genes of both mutants were significantly decreased compared with that of wild-type subtilisin. This work identified key residues essential for the activation function of subtilisin plant immunity and was crucial in inducing plant defense responses against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruokui Chang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Zhuoran Li,
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanhong Wang,
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Grenzi M, Bonza MC, Costa A. Signaling by plant glutamate receptor-like channels: What else! CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102253. [PMID: 35780692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) are transmembrane proteins that allow the movement of several ions across membranes. In the model plant Arabidopsis, there are 20 GLR isoforms grouped in three clades and, since their discovery, it was hypothesized that GLRs were mainly involved in signaling processes. Indeed, in the last years, several pieces of evidence demonstrate different signaling roles played by GLRs, related to pollen development, sexual reproduction, chemotaxis, root development, regulation of stomatal aperture, and response to pathogens. Recently, GLRs have gained attention for their role in long-distance electric and calcium signaling. In this review, we resume the evidence about the role of GLRs in signaling processes. This role is mostly linked to the GLRs involvement in the regulation of ion fluxes across membranes and, in particular, of calcium, which represents a key second messenger in plant cell responses to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Deciphering the Role of Ion Channels in Early Defense Signaling against Herbivorous Insects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092219. [PMID: 34571868 PMCID: PMC8470099 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and insect herbivores are in a relentless battle to outwit each other. Plants have evolved various strategies to detect herbivores and mount an effective defense system against them. These defenses include physical and structural barriers such as spines, trichomes, cuticle, or chemical compounds, including secondary metabolites such as phenolics and terpenes. Plants perceive herbivory by both mechanical and chemical means. Mechanical sensing can occur through the perception of insect biting, piercing, or chewing, while chemical signaling occurs through the perception of various herbivore-derived compounds such as oral secretions (OS) or regurgitant, insect excreta (frass), or oviposition fluids. Interestingly, ion channels or transporters are the first responders for the perception of these mechanical and chemical cues. These transmembrane pore proteins can play an important role in plant defense through the induction of early signaling components such as plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) fluctuation, intracellular calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, followed by defense gene expression, and, ultimately, plant defense responses. In recent years, studies on early plant defense signaling in response to herbivory have been gaining momentum with the application of genetically encoded GFP-based sensors for real-time monitoring of early signaling events and genetic tools to manipulate ion channels involved in plant-herbivore interactions. In this review, we provide an update on recent developments and advances on early signaling events in plant-herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the role of ion channels in early plant defense signaling.
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Lapeikaite I, Pupkis V, Neniskis V, Ruksenas O, Kisnieriene V. Glutamate and NMDA affect cell excitability and action potential dynamics of single cell of macrophyte Nitellopsis obtusa. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1032-1040. [PMID: 33213696 DOI: 10.1071/fp20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of glutamate and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) on electrical signalling - action potentials (AP) and excitation current transients - was studied in intact macrophyte Nitellopsis obtusa (Characeaen) internodal cell. Intracellular glass electrode recordings of single cell in current clamp and two-electrode voltage clamp modes indicate that glutamate (Glu, 0.1-1.0 mM) and NMDA (0.01-1.0 mM) increase electrically induced AP amplitude by hyperpolarising excitation threshold potential (Eth) and prolong AP fast repolarisation phase. Amplitude of Cl- current transient, as well as its activation and inactivation durations were also increased. Both Glu and NMDA act in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of NMDA exceeds that of Glu. Ionotropic glutamate receptor inhibitors AP-5 (NMDA-type receptors) and DNQX (AMPA/Kainate-type) have no effect on Nitellopsis cell electrical signalling per se, yet robustly inhibit excitatory effect of NMDA. This study reinforces NMDA as an active component in glutamatergic signalling at least in some plants and stresses the elaborate fine-tuning of electrical signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indre Lapeikaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; and Corresponding author.
| | - Vilmantas Pupkis
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vladas Neniskis
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Osvaldas Ruksenas
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Kisnieriene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Zhang W, Jiang L, Huang J, Ding Y, Liu Z. Loss of proton/calcium exchange 1 results in the activation of plant defense and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110472. [PMID: 32540002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ increases in response to many stimuli. CAX1 (H+/Ca2+ exchanger 1) maintains calcium homeostasis by transporting calcium from the cytosol to vacuoles. Here, we determined that the cax1 mutant exhibits enhanced resistance against both an avirulent biotrophic pathogen Pst-avrRpm1 (Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 avrRpm1), and a necrotrophic pathogen, B. cinerea (Botrytis cinerea). The defense hormone SA (salicylic acid) and phytoalexin scopoletin, which fight against biotrophs and necrotrophs respectively, accumulated more in cax1 than wild-type. Moreover, the cax1 mutant exhibited early senescence after exogenous Ca2+ application. The accelerated senescence in the cax1 mutant was dependent on SID2 (salicylic acid induction deficient 2) but not on NPR1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes1). Additionally, the introduction of CAX1 into the cax1 mutant resulted in phenotypes similar to that of wild-type in terms of Ca2+-conditioned senescence and Pst-avrRpm1 and B. cinerea infections. However, disruption of CAX3, the homolog of CAX1, did not produce an obvious phenotype. Moreover, exogenous Ca2+ application on plants resulted in increased resistance to both Pst-avrRpm1 and B. cinerea. Therefore, we conclude that the disruption of CAX1, but not CAX3, causes the activation of pathogen defense mechanisms, probably through the manipulation of calcium homeostasis or other signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihui Jiang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yongqiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Lindo L, Cardoza RE, Lorenzana A, Casquero PA, Gutiérrez S. Identification of plant genes putatively involved in the perception of fungal ergosterol-squalene. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:927-947. [PMID: 31436383 PMCID: PMC7383801 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants, in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms. These molecules act as microbial-associated molecular patterns that trigger plant responses. Previous studies have reported the importance of ergosterol produced by Trichoderma spp. for the ability of these fungi to induce plant growth and defenses. In addition, squalene, a sterol biosynthetic intermediate, seems to play an important role in these interactions. Here, we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of ergosterol and squalene on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and on the transcription level of defense- and growth-related genes. We used an RNA-seq strategy to identify several tomato genes encoding predicted pattern recognition receptor proteins or WRKY transcription factors, both of which are putatively involved in the perception and response to ergosterol and squalene. Finally, an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the genes homologous to these tomato candidates led to the identification of a WRKY40 transcription factor that negatively regulates salicylic acid-related genes and positively regulates ethylene- and jasmonate-related genes in the presence of ergosterol and squalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lindo
- Area of MicrobiologyUniversity of León, Campus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Rosa E. Cardoza
- Area of MicrobiologyUniversity of León, Campus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Alicia Lorenzana
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Pedro A. Casquero
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Area of MicrobiologyUniversity of León, Campus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
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15
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Tarkowski ŁP, Signorelli S, Höfte M. γ-Aminobutyric acid and related amino acids in plant immune responses: Emerging mechanisms of action. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1103-1116. [PMID: 31997381 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The entanglement between primary metabolism regulation and stress responses is a puzzling and fascinating theme in plant sciences. Among the major metabolites found in plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fulfils important roles in connecting C and N metabolic fluxes through the GABA shunt. Activation of GABA metabolism is known since long to occur in plant tissues following biotic stresses, where GABA appears to have substantially different modes of action towards different categories of pathogens and pests. While it can harm insects thanks to its inhibitory effect on the neuronal transmission, its capacity to modulate the hypersensitive response in attacked host cells was proven to be crucial for host defences in several pathosystems. In this review, we discuss how plants can employ GABA's versatility to effectively deal with all the major biotic stressors, and how GABA can shape plant immune responses against pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species balance in invaded plant tissues. Finally, we discuss the connections between GABA and other stress-related amino acids such as BABA (β-aminobutyric acid), glutamate and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Tarkowski
- Seed Metabolism and Stress Team, INRAE Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Bâtiment A, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Sayago CP, Montevideo, Uruguay
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley CP, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley CP, WA, Australia
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Goto Y, Maki N, Ichihashi Y, Kitazawa D, Igarashi D, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Exogenous Treatment with Glutamate Induces Immune Responses in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:474-487. [PMID: 31721650 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0262-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) are compounds that protect plants from diseases by activating immunity responses. Exogenous treatment with glutamate (Glu), an important amino acid for all living organisms, induces resistance against fungal pathogens in rice and tomato. To understand the molecular mechanisms of Glu-induced immunity, we used the Arabidopsis model system. We found that exogenous treatment with Glu induces resistance against pathogens in Arabidopsis. Consistent with this, transcriptome analyses of Arabidopsis seedlings showed that Glu significantly induces the expression of wound-, defense-, and stress-related genes. Interestingly, Glu activates the expression of genes induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns at much later time points than the flg22 peptide, which is a bacterial-derived PAMP. The Glu receptor-like (GLR) proteins GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 are involved in the early expression of Glu-inducible genes; however, the sustained expression of these genes does not require the GLR proteins. Glu-inducible gene expression is also not affected by mutations in genes that encode PAMP receptors (EFR, FLS2, and CERK1), regulators of pattern-triggered immunity (BAK1, BKK1, BIK1, and PBL1), or a salicylic acid biosynthesis enzyme (SID2). The treatment of roots with Glu activates the expression of PAMP-, salicylic acid-, and jasmonic acid-inducible genes in leaves. Moreover, the treatment of roots with Glu primes chitin-induced responses in leaves, possibly through transcriptional activation of LYSIN-MOTIF RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 5 (LYK5), which encodes a chitin receptor. Because Glu treatment does not cause discernible growth retardation, Glu can be used as an effective PRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Goto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitazawa
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Daisuke Igarashi
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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Li YH, Yu XZ, Mo LY, Lin YJ, Zhang Q. Involvement of glutamate receptors in regulating calcium influx in rice seedlings under Cr exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:650-657. [PMID: 31197614 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate receptors (GLRs) are ligand-gated Ca2+-permeable channels that govern and modulate the dynamic influx of cytosolic Ca2+ in plants. The present study investigated the interaction of OsGLR3 gene expression with subcellular Ca distribution in rice seedlings exposed to chromium (Cr) solution containing Cr(III) or Cr(VI). The results displayed that the accumulation of Ca was evaluated or higher in shoots compared to roots under Cr exposure, and a similar pattern of subcellular Ca distribution was observed between rice tissues exposed to Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that eight OsGLR3 isogenes were distinctly expressed in different rice tissues at different levels of Cr exposures. This differential expressions could possible be due to the uptake variations, subcellular distribution and chemical speciation of the two Cr species. Notably, distinct expression patterns of OsGLR3 genes were found between Cr(III) and Cr(VI) exposures, suggesting that different regulation strategies are used to mediate Ca influx in rice materials under different Cr exposures. These results demonstrated a full picture of Cr-induced transcriptional alterations in OsGLR3 expression levels in rice seedlings, and provided suggestive evidence for further investigation on specific OsGLR3 genes participated in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations under Cr exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Mo
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, China
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18
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Li ZG, Ye XY, Qiu XM. Glutamate signaling enhances the heat tolerance of maize seedlings by plant glutamate receptor-like channels-mediated calcium signaling. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1165-1169. [PMID: 30675652 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu), a neurotransmitter in animal, is a novel signaling molecule in plants, which takes part in cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth, development, and long-distance information transfer. However, whether Glu can enhance the heat tolerance in maize seedlings and its relation to calcium signaling is still elusive. In this study, maize seedlings were pretreated with Glu and then exposed to heat stress. The results showed that Glu pretreatment enhanced the survival percentage of maize seedlings under heat tolerance, indicating that Glu could increase the heat tolerance of maize seedlings. The Glu-induced heat tolerance was weakened by exogenous calcium chloride, plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker (LaCl3), Ca2+ chelator (ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N, N΄,N΄-tetraacetic acid), calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine and chlopromazine), and plant glutamate receptor-like antagonists (MgCl2 and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline- 2,3-(1H,4H)- dione). These findings for the first time reported that Glu could increase the heat tolerance of maize seedlings by plant glutamate receptor-like channels-mediated calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Guang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Yu Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
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19
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Philippe F, Verdu I, Morère-Le Paven MC, Limami AM, Planchet E. Involvement of Medicago truncatula glutamate receptor-like channels in nitric oxide production under short-term water deficit stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:1-6. [PMID: 30836205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Early stages of plant development are highly susceptible to environmental cues, and seedlings have to develop sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to abiotic stresses. We have previously identified that abscisic acid (ABA), nitric oxide (NO) and modulation of nitrogen metabolism are involved in adaptive responses in Medicago truncatula seedlings under water deficit stress. Here, we investigated whether glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) played a role in the developmental physiological processes of Medicago seedlings during post-germination after a short-term water deficit stress. Twenty-nine independent MtGLR genes have been identified and then divided into four clades following a phylogenetic analysis; seventeen of them exhibited specific domains which are characteristic of animal ionotropic glutamate receptors. Under drought stress, ABA-induced NO accumulation was significantly reduced in presence of a GLR competitive antagonist, suggesting that this water deficit-induced endogenous NO production was mediated through a MtGLR-dependent pathway. Water deficit-induced inhibition of embryo axis elongation was strongly reduced whereas loss of water content was alleviated when MtGLRs were inhibited. These results suggest that glutamate receptors-like channels are required, through their involvement in NO production, in adaptive responses under short-term water-deficit stress during Medicago seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Philippe
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Isabelle Verdu
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - Anis M Limami
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Elisabeth Planchet
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
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20
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Sun C, Jin L, Cai Y, Huang Y, Zheng X, Yu T. l-Glutamate treatment enhances disease resistance of tomato fruit by inducing the expression of glutamate receptors and the accumulation of amino acids. Food Chem 2019; 293:263-270. [PMID: 31151610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most important disease in postharvest tomato fruit. Inducing resistance to fungal pathogens in the harvested fruit and vegetable is a promising approach to control postharvest losses. In the present study, the effect of l-glutamate on induction of resistance to B. cinerea and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results indicated that l-glutamate at 100 ppm was effective in reducing the gray mold of tomatoes after inoculation of the pathogen. Gene expressions of nine glutamate receptors, four pathogenesis-related proteins and the content of amino acids were affected by l-glutamate treatment. Furthermore, the metabolites of l-glutamate, including GABA, Met, Lys and Arg, could also induce significant resistance against B. cinerea in tomato fruit. Our findings suggested that l-glutamate treatment may represent a promising method for managing postharvest decay of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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21
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De Vriese K, Costa A, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. Pharmacological Strategies for Manipulating Plant Ca 2+ Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1506. [PMID: 29783646 PMCID: PMC5983822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most pleiotropic second messengers in all living organisms. However, signalling specificity is encoded via spatio-temporally regulated signatures that act with surgical precision to elicit highly specific cellular responses. How this is brought about remains a big challenge in the plant field, in part due to a lack of specific tools to manipulate/interrogate the plant Ca2+ toolkit. In many cases, researchers resort to tools that were optimized in animal cells. However, the obviously large evolutionary distance between plants and animals implies that there is a good chance observed effects may not be specific to the intended plant target. Here, we provide an overview of pharmacological strategies that are commonly used to activate or inhibit plant Ca2+ signalling. We focus on highlighting modes of action where possible, and warn for potential pitfalls. Together, this review aims at guiding plant researchers through the Ca2+ pharmacology swamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell De Vriese
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Instititute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea.
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22
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Németh E, Nagy Z, Pécsváradi A. Chloroplast Glutamine Synthetase, the Key Regulator of Nitrogen Metabolism in Wheat, Performs Its Role by Fine Regulation of Enzyme Activity via Negative Cooperativity of Its Subunits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:191. [PMID: 29520285 PMCID: PMC5827528 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is of central interest as the main route of ammonia assimilation in plants, and as a connection point between the organic and inorganic worlds. Even though GS activity is critical for producing high yields of crop plants, the autoregulation of substrate consumption of wheat GS remained unknown until now. Here we show kinetic evidence, that the chloroplast localized GS isoform (GS2) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jubilejnaja-50) takes place at the carbon-nitrogen metabolic branch point, where it is a mediator, and its enzymatic activity is regulated in a negatively cooperative allosteric manner. We have discovered that GS2 activity is described by a tetraphasic kinetic curve in response to increasing levels of glutamate supply. We constructed a model that explains the kinetic properties of glutamate consumption and this unique allosteric behavior. We also studied the subunit composition of both wheat leaf GS isoenzymes by a combination of two dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein blotting. Both leaf isozymes have homogeneous subunit composition. Glutamate is both a substrate, and an allosteric regulator of the biosynthetic reaction. We have concluded on the basis of our results and previous reports, that wheat GS2 is probably a homooctamer, and that it processes its substrate in a well-regulated, concentration dependent way, as a result of its negatively cooperative, allosteric activity. Thus, GS2 has a central role as a regulator between the nitrogen and the carbon cycles via maintaining glutamine-glutamate pool in the chloroplast on the level of substrates, in addition to its function in ammonia assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Németh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
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23
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Luo S, Zhang X, Wang J, Jiao C, Chen Y, Shen Y. Plant ion channels and transporters in herbivory-induced signalling. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:111-131. [PMID: 32291026 DOI: 10.1071/fp16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to many biotic stresses that plants face, feeding by herbivores produces unique mechanical and chemical signatures. Plants have evolved effective systems to recognise these mechanical stimuli and chemical elicitors at the plasma membrane (PM), where this recognition generates ion fluxes, including an influx of Ca2+ that elicits cellular Ca2+ signalling, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and variation in transmembrane potential. These signalling events also function in propagation of long-distance signals (Ca2+ waves, ROS waves, and electrical signals), which contribute to rapid, systemic induction of defence responses. Recent studies have identified several candidate channels or transporters that likely produce these ion fluxes at the PM. Here, we describe the important roles of these channels/transporters in transduction or transmission of herbivory-induced early signalling events, long-distance signals, and jasmonic acid and green leaf volatile signalling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuitian Luo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunyang Jiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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24
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Ni J, Yu Z, Du G, Zhang Y, Taylor JL, Shen C, Xu J, Liu X, Wang Y, Wu Y. Heterologous Expression and Functional Analysis of Rice GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE Family Indicates its Role in Glutamate Triggered Calcium Flux in Rice Roots. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:9. [PMID: 26956369 PMCID: PMC4783324 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the functions of the GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) family in Arabidopsis. Still, the functions of OsGLRs in rice, especially the ion channel activities, are largely unknown. RESULTS Using the aequorin-based luminescence imaging system, we screened the specificity of amino acids involved in the induction of Ca(2+) flux in rice roots. Of all the amino acids tested, glutamate (Glu) was the only one to trigger Ca(2+) flux significantly in rice roots. Detailed analysis showed a dose response of Ca(2+) increase to different concentrations of Glu. In addition, the Ca(2+) spike response to Glu was rapid, within 20 s after the application. A desensitization assay and pharmacological tests showed that the Glu-triggered Ca(2+) flux is mediated by OsGLRs. Whole genome analysis identified 13 OsGLR genes in rice, and these genes have various expression patterns in different tissues. Subcellular localization studies showed that all the OsGLRs examined are likely localized to the plasma membrane. Bacteria growth assays showed that at least OsGLR2.1 and OsGLR3.2 have the potential to mediate ion uptake in bacteria. Further analysis using Fura-2-based Ca(2+) imaging revealed a Glu-triggered Ca(2+) increase in OsGLR2.1-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides a molecular basis for investigating mechanisms of Glu-triggered Ca(2+) flux in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- />College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- />College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Guankui Du
- />Department of Biochemistry, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- />College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Jemma L. Taylor
- />School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Chenjia Shen
- />College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Jing Xu
- />College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Xunyan Liu
- />College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400 China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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25
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Loarce Y, Navas E, Paniagua C, Fominaya A, Manjón JL, Ferrer E. Identification of Genes in a Partially Resistant Genotype of Avena sativa Expressed in Response to Puccinia coronata Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:731. [PMID: 27303424 PMCID: PMC4885874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated oat (Avena sativa), an important crop in many countries, can suffer significant losses through infection by the fungus Puccinia coronata, the causal agent of crown rust disease. Understanding the molecular basis of existing partial resistance to this disease might provide targets of interest for crop improvement programs. A suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was constructed using cDNA from the partially resistant oat genotype MN841801-1 after inoculation with the pathogen. A total of 929 genes returned a BLASTx hit and were annotated under different GO terms, including 139 genes previously described as participants in mechanisms related to the defense response and signal transduction. Among these were genes involved in pathogen recognition, cell-wall modification, oxidative burst/ROS scavenging, and abscisic acid biosynthesis, as well genes related to inducible defense responses mediated by salicylic and jasmonic acid (although none of which had been previously reported involved in strong responses). These findings support the hypothesis that basal defense mechanisms are the main systems operating in oat partial resistance to P. coronata. When the expression profiles of 20 selected genes were examined at different times following inoculation with the pathogen, the partially resistant genotype was much quicker in mounting a response than a susceptible genotype. Additionally, a number of genes not previously described in oat transcriptomes were identified in this work, increasing our molecular knowledge of this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Loarce
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elisa Navas
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Paniagua
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Araceli Fominaya
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José L Manjón
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Esther Ferrer
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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26
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Yoshida R, Mori IC, Kamizono N, Shichiri Y, Shimatani T, Miyata F, Honda K, Iwai S. Glutamate functions in stomatal closure in Arabidopsis and fava bean. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:39-49. [PMID: 26586261 PMCID: PMC5515988 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are indispensable for higher plants because they control gas exchange and water balance to maintain photosynthetic activity. The signaling processes that govern their movement are controlled by several factors, such as abscisic acid (ABA), blue light, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and carbon dioxide. Herein, we demonstrated that the amino acid glutamate (Glu), a well-known mammalian neurotransmitter, functions as a novel signaling molecule in stomatal closure in both Arabidopsis and fava bean (Vicia faba L.). Pharmacological and electrophysiological analyses provided important clues for the participation of Glu-receptors, Ca(2+), and protein phosphorylation during the signaling process. Genetic analyses using Arabidopsis ABA-deficient (aba2-1) and ABA-insensitive (abi1-1 and abi2-1) mutants showed that ABA is not required for Glu signaling. However, loss-of-function of the Arabidopsis gene encoding Slow Anion Channel-Associated 1 (SLAC1) and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CPK6) impaired the Glu response. Moreover, T-DNA knockout mutations of the Arabidopsis Glu receptor-like gene (GLR), GLR3.5, lost their sensitivity to Glu-dependent stomatal closure. Our results strongly support functional Glu-signaling in stomatal closure and the crucial roles of GLRs in this signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuto Kamizono
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yudai Shichiri
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimatani
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Fumika Miyata
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Honda
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sumio Iwai
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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27
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Egorova AM, Tarchevsky IA. Antipathogenic phenomenon of cycloheximide. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 461:98-101. [PMID: 25937224 DOI: 10.1134/s160767291502009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Egorova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lobachevskogo 2/31, Kazan, 420111, Tatarstan, Russia
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28
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Trapet P, Kulik A, Lamotte O, Jeandroz S, Bourque S, Nicolas-Francès V, Rosnoblet C, Besson-Bard A, Wendehenne D. NO signaling in plant immunity: a tale of messengers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:72-9. [PMID: 24713571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas involved in a myriad of plant physiological processes including immune responses. How NO mediates its biological effects in plant facing microbial pathogen attack is an unresolved question. Insights into the molecular mechanisms by which it propagates signals reveal the contribution of this simple gas in complex signaling pathways shared with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the second messenger Ca(2+). Understanding of the subtle cross-talks operating between these signals was greatly improved by the recent identification and the functional analysis of proteins regulated through S-nitrosylation, a major NO-dependent post-translational protein modification. Overall, these findings suggest that NO is probably an important component of the mechanism coordinating and regulating Ca(2+) and ROS signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trapet
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anna Kulik
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- CNRS, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Bourque
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas-Francès
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France.
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29
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Weiland M, Mancuso S, Baluska F. Signalling via glutamate and GLRs in Arabidopsis thaliana. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 43:1-25. [PMID: 32480438 DOI: 10.1071/fp15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) contains 20 coding sequences for homologues of animal ionotropic glutamate receptors. These glutamate receptor-like receptors act as sensors and mediators of a multitude of exogenous as well as endogenous signals and are found in all analysed plant species. Their molecular structure clearly indicates a function as integral membrane proteins with a ligand-gated ion channel activity. Altered gene expressions and the occurrence of mRNA splice variants confer a high flexibility on the gene as well as on the RNA level. An individual glutamate receptor of A. thaliana is able to bind two different ligands (most probable amino acids and their derivatives), whereas a functional receptor complex is likely to consist of four single proteins. These features enable an immense number of sensitivities against various local and temporal stimuli. This review encompasses the last 15 years of research concerning glutamate signalling and glutamate receptors in plants. It is aimed at summarising their major characteristics and involvements to obtain a broader and farer reaching perspective of these fundamental components of plant signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Weiland
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Frantisek Baluska
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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30
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Salicylic Acid Signaling in Plant Innate Immunity. PLANT HORMONE SIGNALING SYSTEMS IN PLANT INNATE IMMUNITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9285-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Davies LJ, Brown CR, Elling AA. Calcium is involved in the R Mc1 (blb)-mediated hypersensitive response against Meloidogyne chitwoodi in potato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:167-77. [PMID: 25315813 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of the Columbia root-knot nematode resistance gene R Mc1 ( blb ) in potato revealed the R gene-mediated resistance is dependent on a hypersensitive response and involves calcium. The resistance (R) gene R Mc1(blb) confers resistance against the plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Avirulent and virulent nematodes were used to functionally characterize the R Mc1(blb)-mediated resistance mechanism in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Histological observations indicated a hypersensitive response (HR) occurred during avirulent nematode infection. This was confirmed by quantifying reactive oxygen species activity in response to avirulent and virulent M. chitwoodi. To gain an insight into the signal transduction pathways mediating the R Mc1(blb)-induced HR, chemical inhibitors were utilized. Inhibiting Ca(2+) channels caused a significant reduction in electrolyte leakage, an indicator of cell death. Labeling with a Ca(2+)-sensitive dye revealed high Ca(2+) levels in the root cells surrounding avirulent nematodes. Furthermore, the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), StCDPK4 had a higher transcript level in R Mc1(blb) potato roots infected with avirulent nematodes in comparison to roots infected with virulent M. chitwoodi. The results of this study indicate Ca(2+) plays a role in the R Mc1(blb)-mediated resistance against M. chitwoodi in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Davies
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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32
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Seybold H, Trempel F, Ranf S, Scheel D, Romeis T, Lee J. Ca2+ signalling in plant immune response: from pattern recognition receptors to Ca2+ decoding mechanisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:782-90. [PMID: 25539002 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger for cellular signalling in various stresses and developmental processes. Here, we summarize current developments in the roles of Ca2+ during plant immunity responses. We discuss the early perception events preceding and necessary for triggering cellular Ca2+ fluxes, the potential Ca2+-permeable channels, the decoding of Ca2+ signals predominantly via Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation events and transcriptional reprogramming. To highlight the complexity of the cellular signal network, we briefly touch on the interplay between Ca2+-dependent signalling and selected major signalling mechanisms--with special emphasis on reactive oxygen species at local and systemic levels.
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33
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Thor K, Peiter E. Cytosolic calcium signals elicited by the pathogen-associated molecular pattern flg22 in stomatal guard cells are of an oscillatory nature. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:873-81. [PMID: 25243759 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)]cyt) are an early and essential element of signalling networks activated by the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as flg22. The flg22-induced calcium signal has been described on whole-plant, but not on single-cell scale so far. Also, the Ca(2+) sources and channels contributing to its generation are still obscure. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging employing the calcium reporter Yellow Cameleon 3.6 was performed to analyse the flg22-induced calcium signature in single guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Calcium stores and channel types involved in its generation were determined by a pharmacological approach. In contrast to the calcium signal determined on whole-plant level, the signature on single-cell level is not characterized by one sustained response, but by oscillations in [Ca(2+)]cyt. These oscillations were abolished by EGTA and lanthanum, as well as by U73122, neomycin and TMB-8, but only partially or not at all affected by inhibitors of glutamate receptor-like channels and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Our analyses suggest that the response observed on whole-plant level is the summary of oscillations occurring in single cells. Parallel to external calcium, influx via channels located at internal stores contributes to the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Thor
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
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34
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) occurs rapidly in response to attempted pathogen invasion of potential host plants. Such reduction-oxidation (redox) changes are sensed and transmitted to engage immune function, including the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of challenged plant cells. RECENT ADVANCES Pathogen elicitors trigger changes in calcium that are sensed by calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, and calcium-dependent protein kinases, which activate ROS and RNS production. The ROS and RNS production is compartmentalized within the cell and occurs through multiple routes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are engaged upstream and downstream of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is increasingly recognized as a key signaling molecule, regulating downstream protein function through S-nitrosylation, the addition of an NO moiety to a reactive cysteine thiol. CRITICAL ISSUES How multiple sources of ROS and RNS are coordinated is unclear. The putative protein sensors that detect and translate fluxes in ROS and RNS into differential gene expression are obscure. Protein tyrosine nitration following reaction of peroxynitrite with tyrosine residues has been proposed as another signaling mechanism or as a marker leading to protein degradation, but the reversibility remains to be established. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Research is needed to identify the full spectrum of NO-modified proteins with special emphasis on redox-activated transcription factors and their cognate target genes. A systems approach will be required to uncover the complexities integral to redox regulation of MAPK cascades, transcription factors, and defense genes through the combined effects of calcium, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation, and protein tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra E Frederickson Matika
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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35
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Maintz J, Cavdar M, Tamborski J, Kwaaitaal M, Huisman R, Meesters C, Kombrink E, Panstruga R. Comparative Analysis of MAMP-induced Calcium Influx in Arabidopsis Seedlings and Protoplasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1813-25. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Klemptner RL, Sherwood JS, Tugizimana F, Dubery IA, Piater LA. Ergosterol, an orphan fungal microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:747-61. [PMID: 24528492 PMCID: PMC6638689 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens continue to pose a significant threat to crop production and food supply. The early stages of plant-fungus interactions are mostly mediated by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules, perceived by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Currently, the identified fungal MAMP molecules include chitin, chitosan, β-glucans, elicitins and ergosterol. Although the molecular battles between host plants and infecting fungal phytopathogens have been studied extensively, many aspects still need to be investigated to obtain a holistic understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms, which is paramount in combating fungal plant diseases. Here, an overview is given of the most recent findings concerning an 'orphan' fungal MAMP molecule, ergosterol, and we present what is currently known from a synopsis of different genes, proteins and metabolites found to play key roles in induced immune responses in plant-fungus interactions. Clearly, integrative investigations are still needed to provide a comprehensive systems-based understanding of the dynamics associated with molecular mechanisms in plant-ergosterol interactions and associated host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Klemptner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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37
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Forde BG, Roberts MR. Glutamate receptor-like channels in plants: a role as amino acid sensors in plant defence? F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:37. [PMID: 24991414 PMCID: PMC4075314 DOI: 10.12703/p6-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor-like genes (GLRs) are homologous to the genes for mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), after which they were named, but in the 16 years since their existence was first revealed, progress in elucidating their biological role has been disappointingly slow. Recently, however, studies from a number of laboratories focusing on the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) have thrown new light on the functional properties of some members of the GLR gene family. One important finding has been that plant GLR receptors have a much broader ligand specificity than their mammalian iGluR counterparts, with evidence that some individual GLR receptors can be gated by as many as seven amino acids. These results, together with the ubiquity of their expression throughout the plant, open up the possibility that GLR receptors could have a pervasive role in plants as non-specific amino acid sensors in diverse biological processes. Addressing what one of these roles could be, recent studies examining the wound response and disease susceptibility in GLR knockout mutants have provided evidence that some members of clade 3 of the GLR gene family encode important components of the plant's defence response. Ways in which this family of amino acid receptors might contribute to the plant's ability to respond to an attack from pests and pathogens are discussed.
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Abstract
As a signalling molecule, glutamate is best known for its role as a fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system, a role that requires the activity of a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). The unexpected discovery in 1998 that Arabidopsis thaliana L. possesses a family of iGluR-related (GLR) genes laid the foundations for an assessment of glutamate's potential role as a signalling molecule in plants that is still in progress. Recent advances in elucidating the function of Arabidopsis GLR receptors has revealed similarities with iGluRs in their channel properties, but marked differences in their ligand specificities. The ability of plant GLR receptors to act as amino-acid-gated Ca(2+) channels with a broad agonist profile, combined with their expression throughout the plant, makes them strong candidates for a multiplicity of amino acid signalling roles. Although root growth is inhibited in the presence of a number of amino acids, only glutamate elicits a specific sequence of changes in growth, root tip morphology, and root branching. The recent finding that the MEKK1 gene is a positive regulator of glutamate sensitivity at the root tip has provided genetic evidence for the existence in plants of a glutamate signalling pathway analogous to those found in animals. This short review will discuss the most recent advances in understanding glutamate signalling in roots, considering them in the context of previous work in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Forde
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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Defense responses in two ecotypes of Lotus japonicus against non-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83199. [PMID: 24349460 PMCID: PMC3859661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a model legume broadly used to study many important processes as nitrogen fixing nodule formation and adaptation to salt stress. However, no studies on the defense responses occurring in this species against invading microorganisms have been carried out at the present. Understanding how this model plant protects itself against pathogens will certainly help to develop more tolerant cultivars in economically important Lotus species as well as in other legumes. In order to uncover the most important defense mechanisms activated upon bacterial attack, we explored in this work the main responses occurring in the phenotypically contrasting ecotypes MG-20 and Gifu B-129 of L. japonicus after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 pv. tomato. Our analysis demonstrated that this bacterial strain is unable to cause disease in these accessions, even though the defense mechanisms triggered in these ecotypes might differ. Thus, disease tolerance in MG-20 was characterized by bacterial multiplication, chlorosis and desiccation at the infiltrated tissues. In turn, Gifu B-129 plants did not show any symptom at all and were completely successful in restricting bacterial growth. We performed a microarray based analysis of these responses and determined the regulation of several genes that could play important roles in plant defense. Interestingly, we were also able to identify a set of defense genes with a relative high expression in Gifu B-129 plants under non-stress conditions, what could explain its higher tolerance. The participation of these genes in plant defense is discussed. Our results position the L. japonicus-P. syringae interaction as a interesting model to study defense mechanisms in legume species.
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DeWoody J, Viger M, Lakatos F, Tuba K, Taylor G, Smulders MJM. Insight into the genetic components of community genetics: QTL mapping of insect association in a fast-growing forest tree. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79925. [PMID: 24260320 PMCID: PMC3833894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic sequences underlying insect associations on forest trees will improve the understanding of community genetics on a broad scale. We tested for genomic regions associated with insects in hybrid poplar using quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses conducted on data from a common garden experiment. The F2 offspring of a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides) cross were assessed for seven categories of insect leaf damage at two time points, June and August. Positive and negative correlations were detected among damage categories and between sampling times. For example, sap suckers on leaves in June were positively correlated with sap suckers on leaves (P<0.001) but negatively correlated with skeletonizer damage (P<0.01) in August. The seven forms of leaf damage were used as a proxy for seven functional groups of insect species. Significant variation in insect association occurred among the hybrid offspring, including transgressive segregation of susceptibility to damage. NMDS analyses revealed significant variation and modest broad-sense heritability in insect community structure among genets. QTL analyses identified 14 genomic regions across 9 linkage groups that correlated with insect association. We used three genomics tools to test for putative mechanisms underlying the QTL. First, shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathway genes co-located to 9 of the 13 QTL tested, consistent with the role of phenolic glycosides as defensive compounds. Second, two insect association QTL corresponded to genomic hotspots for leaf trait QTL as identified in previous studies, indicating that, in addition to biochemical attributes, leaf morphology may influence insect preference. Third, network analyses identified categories of gene models over-represented in QTL for certain damage types, providing direction for future functional studies. These results provide insight into the genetic components involved in insect community structure in a fast-growing forest tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer DeWoody
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Current address: USDA Forest Service, National Forest Genetics Lab, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, California, United States of America
| | - Maud Viger
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ferenc Lakatos
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West-Hungary, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Katalin Tuba
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West-Hungary, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Manzoor H, Kelloniemi J, Chiltz A, Wendehenne D, Pugin A, Poinssot B, Garcia-Brugger A. Involvement of the glutamate receptor AtGLR3.3 in plant defense signaling and resistance to Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:466-80. [PMID: 23952652 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Like their animal counterparts, plant glutamate receptor-like (GLR) homologs are intimately associated with Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane and participate in various physiological processes. In pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-/elicitor-mediated resistance, Ca(2+) fluxes are necessary for activating downstream signaling events related to plant defense. In this study, oligogalacturonides (OGs), which are endogenous elicitors derived from cell wall degradation, were used to investigate the role of Arabidopsis GLRs in defense signaling. Pharmacological investigations indicated that GLRs are partly involved in free cytosolic [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)]cyt) variations, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of defense-related genes by OGs. In addition, wild-type Col-0 plants treated with the glutamate-receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitriquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) had a compromised resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Moreover, we provide genetic evidence that AtGLR3.3 is a key component of resistance against H. arabidopsidis. In addition, some OGs-triggered immune events such as defense gene expression, NO and ROS production are also to different extents dependent on AtGLR3.3. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the involvement of GLRs in elicitor/pathogen-mediated plant defense signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Manzoor
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon, France; INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-microorganismes - ERL CNRS 6300, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon, France; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Jeandroz S, Lamotte O, Astier J, Rasul S, Trapet P, Besson-Bard A, Bourque S, Nicolas-Francès V, Ma W, Berkowitz GA, Wendehenne D. There's more to the picture than meets the eye: nitric oxide cross talk with Ca2+ signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:459-70. [PMID: 23749853 PMCID: PMC3793028 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and nitric oxide (NO) are two important biological messengers. Increasing evidence indicates that Ca(2+) and NO work together in mediating responses to pathogenic microorganisms and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Ca(2+) fluxes were recognized to account for NO production, whereas evidence gathered from a number of studies highlights that NO is one of the key messengers mediating Ca(2+) signaling. Here, we present a concise description of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross talk between Ca(2+) and NO in plant cells exposed to biotic stress. Particular attention will be given to the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and Ca(2+) sensors. Notably, we provide new evidence that calmodulin might be regulated at the posttranslational level by NO through S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, we report original transcriptomic data showing that NO produced in response to oligogalacturonide regulates the expression of genes related to Ca(2+) signaling. Deeper insight into the molecules involved in the interplay between Ca(2+) and NO not only permits a better characterization of the Ca(2+) signaling system but also allows us to further understand how plants respond to pathogen attack.
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Swarbreck SM, Colaço R, Davies JM. Plant calcium-permeable channels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:514-22. [PMID: 23860348 PMCID: PMC3793033 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and modeling breakthroughs will help establish the genetic identities of plant calcium channels.
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Kurusu T, Saito K, Horikoshi S, Hanamata S, Negi J, Yagi C, Kitahata N, Iba K, Kuchitsu K. An S-type anion channel SLAC1 is involved in cryptogein-induced ion fluxes and modulates hypersensitive responses in tobacco BY-2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70623. [PMID: 23950973 PMCID: PMC3741279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological evidence suggests that anion channel-mediated plasma membrane anion effluxes are crucial in early defense signaling to induce immune responses and hypersensitive cell death in plants. However, their molecular bases and regulation remain largely unknown. We overexpressed Arabidopsis SLAC1, an S-type anion channel involved in stomatal closure, in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells and analyzed the effect on cryptogein-induced defense responses including fluxes of Cl(-) and other ions, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gene expression and hypersensitive responses. The SLAC1-GFP fusion protein was localized at the plasma membrane in BY-2 cells. Overexpression of SLAC1 enhanced cryptogein-induced Cl(-) efflux and extracellular alkalinization as well as rapid/transient and slow/prolonged phases of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production, which was suppressed by an anion channel inhibitor, DIDS. The overexpressor also showed enhanced sensitivity to cryptogein to induce downstream immune responses, including the induction of defense marker genes and the hypersensitive cell death. These results suggest that SLAC1 expressed in BY-2 cells mediates cryptogein-induced plasma membrane Cl(-) efflux to positively modulate the elicitor-triggered activation of other ion fluxes, ROS as well as a wide range of defense signaling pathways. These findings shed light on the possible involvement of the SLAC/SLAH family anion channels in cryptogein signaling to trigger the plasma membrane ion channel cascade in the plant defense signal transduction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Saito
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sonoko Horikoshi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikako Yagi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kitahata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Boldizsár A, Simon-Sarkadi L, Szirtes K, Soltész A, Szalai G, Keyster M, Ludidi N, Galiba G, Kocsy G. Nitric oxide affects salt-induced changes in free amino acid levels in maize. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1020-7. [PMID: 23548311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It was assumed that salt-induced redox changes affect amino acid metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.), and this influence may be modified by NO. The applied NaCl treatment reduced the fresh weight of shoots and roots. This decrease was smaller after the combined application of NaCl and an NO-donor ((Z)-1-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, DETA/NO) in the shoots, while it was greater after simultaneous treatment with NaCl and nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, inhibitor of NO synthesis) in the roots. The quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II was not influenced by the treatments. NaCl had a significant effect on the redox environment in the leaves as it was shown by the increase in the amount of glutathione disulphide and in the redox potential of the glutathione/glutathione disulphide redox pair. This influence of NaCl was modified by DETA/NO and L-NNA. Pharmacological modification of NO levels affected salt-induced changes in both the total free amino acid content and in the free amino acid composition. NaCl alone increased the concentration of almost all amino acids which effect was strengthened by DETA/NO in the case of Pro. L-NNA treatment resulted in a significant increase in the Ala, Val, Gly and Tyr contents. The Ile, Lys and Val concentrations rose considerably after the combined application of NaCl and DETA/NO compared to NaCl treatment alone in the recovery phase. NaCl also increased the expression of several genes related to the amino acid and antioxidant metabolism, and this effect was modified by DETA/NO. In conclusion, modification of NO levels affected salt-induced, glutathione-dependent redox changes and simultaneously the free amino acid composition and the level of several free amino acids. The observed much higher Pro content in plants treated with both NaCl and DETA/NO during recovery may contribute to the protective effect of NO against salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Boldizsár
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik U. 2, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
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Zhu X, Feng Y, Liang G, Liu N, Zhu JK. Aequorin-based luminescence imaging reveals stimulus- and tissue-specific Ca2+ dynamics in Arabidopsis plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:444-55. [PMID: 23371933 PMCID: PMC3603005 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion is a versatile second messenger for diverse cell signaling in response to developmental and environmental cues. The specificity of Ca(2+)-mediated signaling is defined by stimulus-elicited Ca(2+) signature and downstream decoding processes. Here, an Aequorin-based luminescence recording system was developed for monitoring Ca(2+) in response to various stimuli in Arabidopsis. With the simple, highly sensitive, and robust Ca(2+) recording, this system revealed stimulus- and tissue-specific Ca(2+) signatures in seedlings. Cellular Ca(2+) dynamics and relationship to Aequorin-based Ca(2+) recording were explored using a GFP-based Ca(2+) indicator, which suggested that a synchronous cellular Ca(2+) signal is responsible for cold-induced Ca(2+) response in seedlings, whereas asynchronous Ca(2+) oscillation contributes to osmotic stress-induced Ca(2+) increase in seedlings. The optimized recording system would be a powerful tool for the identification and characterization of novel components in Ca(2+)-mediated stress-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. J.-K.Z. E-mail , tel. 765–496–7601, fax 765–494–0391. X.Z. E-mail , tel. 765–496–7603, fax 765–494–0391
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gaimei Liang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. J.-K.Z. E-mail , tel. 765–496–7601, fax 765–494–0391. X.Z. E-mail , tel. 765–496–7603, fax 765–494–0391
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Cheval C, Aldon D, Galaud JP, Ranty B. Calcium/calmodulin-mediated regulation of plant immunity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1766-71. [PMID: 23380707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a universal messenger involved in the modulation of diverse developmental and adaptive processes in response to various physiological stimuli. Ca(2+) signals are represented by stimulus-specific Ca(2+) signatures that are sensed and translated into proper cellular responses by diverse Ca(2+) binding proteins and their downstream targets. Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are primary Ca(2+) sensors that control diverse cellular functions by regulating the activity of various target proteins. Recent advances in our understanding of Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated signalling in plants have emerged from investigations into plant defence responses against various pathogens. Here, we focus on significant progress made in the identification of CaM/CML-regulated components involved in the generation of Ca(2+) signals and Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of gene expression during plant immune responses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Ion channels in plants: from bioelectricity, via signaling, to behavioral actions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23009. [PMID: 23221742 PMCID: PMC3745586 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In his recent opus magnum review paper published in the October issue of Physiology Reviews, Rainer Hedrich summarized the field of plant ion channels. (1) He started from the earliest electric recordings initiated by Charles Darwin of carnivorous Dionaea muscipula, (1,2) known as Venus flytrap, and covered the topic extensively up to the most recent discoveries on Shaker-type potassium channels, anion channels of SLAC/SLAH families, and ligand-activated channels of glutamate receptor-like type (GLR) and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC). (1.)
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Affiliation(s)
- František Baluška
- University of Bonn; IZMB; Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence to: František Baluška,
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Kwaaitaal M, Maintz J, Cavdar M, Panstruga R. On the ligand binding profile and desensitization of plant ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR)-like channels functioning in MAMP-triggered Ca²⁺ influx. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1373-7. [PMID: 22918498 PMCID: PMC3548851 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of intracellular microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered Ca²⁺ transients was recently demonstrated to involve ionotropic Glutamate Receptor (iGluR)-like channels in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Here we elaborate on our previous findings and refine our insights in the putative agonist binding profile and potential mode of desensitization of MAMP-activated plant iGluRs. Based on results from pharmacological inhibition and desensitization experiments, we propose that plant iGluR complexes responsible for the MAMP-triggered Ca²⁺ signature have a binding profile that combines the specificities of mammalian NMDA-and non-NMDA types of iGluRs, possibly reflecting the evolutionary history of plant and animal iGluRs. We further hypothesize that, analogous to the mammalian NMDA-NR1 receptor, desensitization of plant iGluR-like channels might involve binding of the ubiquitous Ca²⁺ sensor calmodulin to a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kwaaitaal
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research; Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences; Department of Agriculture and Ecology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Maintz
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research; Cologne, Germany
| | - Meltem Cavdar
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology; Institute for Biology I; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research; Cologne, Germany
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology; Institute for Biology I; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence to: Ralph Panstruga,
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Manzoor H, Chiltz A, Madani S, Vatsa P, Schoefs B, Pugin A, Garcia-Brugger A. Calcium signatures and signaling in cytosol and organelles of tobacco cells induced by plant defense elicitors. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:434-44. [PMID: 22410211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signatures induced by two elicitors of plant defense reactions, namely cryptogein and oligogalacturonides, were monitored at the subcellular level, using apoaequorin-transformed Nicotiana tabacum var Xanthi cells, in which the apoaequorin calcium sensor was targeted either to cytosol, mitochondria or chloroplasts. Our study showed that both elicitors induced specific Ca(2+) signatures in each compartment, with the most striking difference relying on duration. Common properties also emerged from the analysis of Ca(2+) signatures: both elicitors induced a biphasic cytosolic [Ca(2+)] elevation together with a single mitochondrial [Ca(2+)] elevation concomitant with the first cytosolic [Ca(2+)] peak. In addition, both elicitors induced a chloroplastic [Ca(2+)] elevation peaking later in comparison to cytosolic [Ca(2+)] elevation. In cryptogein-treated cells, pharmacological studies indicated that IP(3) should play an important role in Ca(2+) signaling contrarily to cADPR or nitric oxide, which have limited or no effect on [Ca(2+)] variations. Our data also showed that, depending on [Ca(2+)] fluxes at the plasma membrane, cryptogein triggered a mitochondrial respiration increase and affected excess energy dissipation mechanisms in chloroplasts. Altogether the results indicate that cryptogein profoundly impacted cell functions at many levels, including organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Manzoor
- INRA, UMR Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-microorganismes - ERL CNRS, Dijon, France
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