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Jang S, Hong W, Moon Y. Obesity-compromised immunity in post-COVID-19 condition: a critical control point of chronicity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1433531. [PMID: 39188722 PMCID: PMC11345197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 condition is recognized as a multifactorial disorder, with persistent presence of viral antigens, discordant immunity, delayed viral clearance, and chronic inflammation. Obesity has emerged as an independent risk factor for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and its subsequent sequelae. In this study, we aimed to predict the molecular mechanisms linking obesity and post-COVID-19 distress. Viral antigen-exposed adipose tissues display remarkable levels of viral receptors, facilitating viral entry, deposition, and chronic release of inflammatory mediators and cells in patients. Subsequently, obesity-associated inflammatory insults are predicted to disturb cellular and humoral immunity by triggering abnormal cell differentiation and lymphocyte exhaustion. In particular, the decline in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and T-cell exhaustion due to chronic inflammation may account for delayed virus clearance and persistent activation of inflammatory responses. Taken together, obesity-associated defective immunity is a critical control point of intervention against post-COVID-19 progression, particularly in subjects with chronic metabolic distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonwoo Jang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Neppala S, Chigurupati HD, Mopuru NN, Alle NR, James A, Bhalodia A, Shaik S, Bandaru RR, Nanjundappa A, Sunkara P, Gummadi J, Desai R. Impact Of body Mass Index on Cardiopulmonary Outcomes of COVID-19 Hospitalizations Complicated by Severe Sepsis. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100101. [PMID: 38435542 PMCID: PMC10905037 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Body Mass Index (BMI) has a significant impact on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient outcomes; however, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular outcomes in patients with severe sepsis have been poorly understood. Our study aims to explore and provide insight into its association. Methods This is an observational study looking at the impact of BMI on COVID-19-severe sepsis hospitalizations. The primary outcomes are adjusted odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality, respiratory failure, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which include acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and acute ischemic stroke. The secondary outcome was healthcare resource utilization. Coexisting comorbidities and patient features were adjusted with multivariable regression analyses. Results Of 51,740 patients with severe COVID-19-sepsis admissions, 11.4% were overweight, 24.8% had Class I obesity (BMI 30-34.9), 19.8% had Class II obesity (BMI 35-39.9), and 43.9% had the categorization of Class III obesity (BMI >40) cohorts with age>18 years. The odds of MACCE in patients with class II obesity and class III obesity (OR 1.09 and 1.54; 95CI 0.93-1.29 and 1.33-1.79) were significantly higher than in overweight (p < 0.001). Class I, Class II, and Class III patients with obesity revealed lower odds of respiratory failure compared to overweight (OR 0.89, 0.82, and 0.82; 95CI 0.75-1.05, 0.69-0.97, and 0.70-0.97), but failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.079). On multivariable regression analysis, all-cause in-hospital mortality revealed significantly higher odds in patients with Class III obesity, Class II, and Class I (OR 1.56, 1.17, and 1.06; 95CI 1.34-1.81, 0.99-1.38, and 0.91-1.24) vs. overweight patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with Class II and Class III obesity had significantly higher odds of MACCE and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19-severe sepsis admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himaja Dutt Chigurupati
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nikhilender Nag Mopuru
- Department of Medicine, Kamineni Academy of medical sciences and research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Alpha James
- Department of Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivitsi, Ukraine
| | - Ami Bhalodia
- Department of Medicine, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Medical College, Gujrat, India
| | - Sajida Shaik
- Department of Medicine, Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Praveena Sunkara
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Medical group, Charlotte Hall, MD, USA
| | - Jyotsna Gummadi
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupak Desai
- Independent Outcomes Researcher, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yuliana ME, Chou HC, Su ECY, Chuang HC, Huang LT, Chen CM. Uteroplacental insufficiency decreases leptin expression and impairs lung development in growth-restricted newborn rats. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1503-1509. [PMID: 38049649 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze the effect of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) on leptin expression and lung development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rats. METHODS On day 17 of pregnancy, time-dated Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into either an IUGR group or a control group. Uteroplacental insufficiency surgery (IUGR) and sham surgery (control) were conducted. Offspring rats were spontaneously delivered on day 22 of pregnancy. On postnatal days 0 and 7, rats' pups were selected at random from the control and IUGR groups. Blood was withdrawn from the heart to determine leptin levels. The right lung was obtained for leptin and leptin receptor levels, immunohistochemistry, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), western blot, and metabolomic analyses. RESULTS UPI-induced IUGR decreased leptin expression and impaired lung development, causing decreased surface area and volume in offspring. This results in lower body weight, decreased serum leptin levels, lung leptin and leptin receptor levels, alveolar space, PCNA, and increased alveolar wall volume fraction in IUGR offspring rats. The IUGR group found significant relationships between serum leptin, radial alveolar count, von Willebrand Factor, and metabolites. CONCLUSION Leptin may contribute to UPI-induced lung development during the postnatal period, suggesting supplementation as a potential treatment. IMPACT The neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) caused by uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) showed decreased leptin expression and impaired lung development. UPI-induced IUGR significantly decreased surface area and volume in lung offspring. This is a novel study that investigates leptin expression and lung development in neonatal rats with IUGR caused by UPI. If our findings translate to IUGR infants, leptin may contribute to UPI-induced lung development during the postnatal period, suggesting supplementation as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryl Esther Yuliana
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ti Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang A, Tian S. Integrative Analyses of Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptomic Data Reveal No Association between Leptin and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2023; 20:321-326. [PMID: 37812260 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2023.2260890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
As a key adipokine, leptin has been extensively investigated for its potential role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, concordant conclusions have not been attained. In this study, we investigated the relationship between leptin and COPD using an integrative analysis that combined a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with transcriptomic data analysis. Here, the MR analysis was performed on the online platform MR-Base, and the bioinformatics analyses were performed with the aid of R Bioconductor packages. No evidence was found by the integrative analysis to support the association of the two attributes. All methods detected a null causal effect of leptin on COPD in the MR analysis. In particular, when the genetically predicted leptin level increased one unit, the risk of developing COPD was estimated as 0.999 (p = 0.943), 0.920 (p = 0.516), 1.002 (p = 0.885), and 1.002 (p = 0.906) by the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode method, respectively. Furthermore, no leptin-associated genes except one were identified as being differentially expressed between COPD and control in bioinformatics analysis. The observed association between leptin and COPD in previous observational studies may be attributable to unmeasured confounding effects or reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyan Tian
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Hu M, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhou H, You Y, Xue Z. Complex interplay of gut microbiota between obesity and asthma in children. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264356. [PMID: 38029078 PMCID: PMC10655108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor and common comorbidity of childhood asthma. Simultaneously, obesity-related asthma, a distinct asthma phenotype, has attracted significant attention owing to its association with more severe clinical manifestations, poorer disease control, and reduced quality of life. The establishment of the gut microbiota during early life is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and fostering the development of the immune system in children. Microbial dysbiosis influences host lipid metabolism, triggers chronic low-grade inflammation, and affects immune responses. It is intimately linked to the susceptibility to childhood obesity and asthma and plays a potentially crucial transitional role in the progression of obesity-related asthma. This review article summarizes the latest research on the interplay between asthma and obesity, with a particular focus on the mediating role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma. This study aims to provide valuable insight to enhance our understanding of this condition and offer preliminary evidence to support the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yannan You
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Osman AME, Motawie AAM, Abd Al-Aziz AM, Mostafa NAA, Hasan NS, El-Baz MS. Role of adiponectin, resistin and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 in overweight/obese asthma phenotype in children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:226. [PMID: 37149591 PMCID: PMC10163769 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with diverse overlapping pathologies and phenotypes contributing to a significant heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. Obesity may modify asthma risk, phenotype, and prognosis. A suggested mechanism linking obesity and asthma is through systemic inflammation. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue were suggested to provide a link between obesity and asthma. OBJECTIVE To have an understanding for the contribution of adiponectin, resistin and MCP-1 to development of distinct asthma phenotype in overweight/obese children through assessment of their serum level and correlation to pulmonary function tests. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 29 normal weight asthmatics, 23 overweight/obese asthmatic children and 30 controls. All cases were subjected to detailed history taking, thorough examination and pulmonary function tests. Serum adiponectin, resistin, MCP-1 and IgE were assessed to all recruited subjects. RESULTS Adiponectin level was significantly higher in overweight/obese asthmatics (24900 ± 1600 ng/ml) compared to normal weight asthmatics (21700 ± 1700 ng/ml) and control (23000 ± 3200 ng/ml), (p < 0.001 & 0.051 respectively). Normal weight asthmatics had significantly lower adiponectin level than control, (p = 0.039). A significant low level of MCP-1 in overweight/obese asthmatics (149.5 (20-545) ng/L) compared to control (175 (28 -1123.5) ng/L), p = 0.037. No significant difference was found regarding resistin. Normal weight asthmatics had significantly lower FEV1% and FVC% compared to overweight/obese asthmatics (p = 0.036, 0.016 respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between (FEV1%, FVC) and BMI in normal weight asthmatics (P = 0.01, < 0.01 respectively) and a significant negative correlation between PEF and BMI (-0.42, p = 0.05) in obese/overweight asthmatics. Resistin/adiponectin ratio was not affected by sex, degree of asthma severity or level of asthma control in either normal weight or overweight/obese asthmatic. CONCLUSION This work could suggest that adiponectin may play a role in overweight/obese asthma phenotype where it is possible to have a dual action (pro & anti- inflammatory). It seems that resistin had no role in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M E Osman
- Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Nadia A A Mostafa
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal S Hasan
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El-Baz
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sørensen KG, Øymar K, Jonsson G, Dalen I, Halvorsen T, Mikalsen IB. Are BMI and adipokines associated with asthma, atopy and lung function in young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis? Respir Med 2023; 209:107149. [PMID: 36754217 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children hospitalized for bronchiolitis have increased risk of asthma and low lung function persisting into adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Body mass index (BMI) and adipokines are associated with respiratory morbidity. We aimed to investigate if associations between BMI and adipokines and the outcomes asthma, atopy, and lung function differed between young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis and control subjects. METHODS This sub study of a historical cohort enrolled 185 young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis and 146 matched control subjects. Exposures (BMI and the adipokines: adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin) and outcomes (asthma, atopy, and lung function) were measured cross-sectionally at 17-20 years of age. Associations were tested in regression models, and differences between the post-bronchiolitis- and control group were tested by including interaction terms. RESULTS BMI was associated with asthma and lung function, but we did not find that the associations differed between the post-bronchiolitis- and control group. We also found some associations between adipokines and outcomes, but only associations between adiponectin and forced vital capacity (FVC) and between resistin and current asthma differed between the groups (p-value interaction term 0.027 and 0.040 respectively). Adiponectin tended to be positively associated with FVC in the post-bronchiolitis group, with an opposite tendency in the control group. Resistin was positively associated with current asthma only in the control group. CONCLUSION The increased prevalence of asthma and impaired lung function observed in young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis do not seem to be related to growth and fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Galta Sørensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Knut Øymar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Bruun Mikalsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Cuttitta G, Ferraro M, Cibella F, Alfano P, Bucchieri S, Patti AM, Muratori R, Pace E, Bruno A. Relationship among Body Composition, Adipocytokines, and Irisin on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in COPD: A Pilot Study. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010048. [PMID: 36671433 PMCID: PMC9855916 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that interferes with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although inflammatory markers, body composition, and nutritional status have a significant impact on pulmonary function, the real contribution of adipocytokines and myokines in COPD is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the role played by the body composition, leptin, adiponectin, haptoglobin, and irisin on the functional exercise capacity, respiratory function, and quality of life (QoL) in COPD. In 25 COPD (20% GOLD-1; 60% GOLD-2; 20% GOLD-3) patients and 26 matched control subjects, we find that leptin, total adiponectin and haptoglobin are significantly increased whereas the 6 min walk test (6MWT) and physical functioning scores are significantly decreased in COPD versus controls. A significant positive relationship is found between leptin and fat mass and between 6MWT and the good health indicators of nutritional status. A significant inverse relationship is found between 6MWT and leptin and fat mass, FEV1 and haptoglobin, and irisin and haptoglobin. Phase angle and leptin level are significant predictors for functional exercise capacity assessed with 6MWT. Taken altogether, the results of this pilot study further support the role played by body composition and adipocytokines on exercise capacity respiratory function and QoL in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Alfano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bucchieri
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Muratori
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Palermo, Via Giacomo Cusmano, 24, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Comparison of Pulmonary Function and Inflammation in Children/Adolescents with New-Onset Asthma with Different Adiposity Statuses. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142968. [PMID: 35889925 PMCID: PMC9319926 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The relationship between obesity and asthma is still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of overweight/obesity on the pulmonary function of patients with new-onset pediatric asthma and explore the possible causative factors related to concomitant obesity and asthma. (2) Methods: Patients aged 5 to 17 years old with newly diagnosed mild to moderate asthma were recruited from June 2018 to May 2019, from a respiratory clinic in Shanghai, China. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese asthma. A family history of atopy and patients’ personal allergic diseases were recorded. Pulmonary function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophils, serum-specific immunoglobulins E (sIgE), serum total IgE (tIgE), and serum inflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, Type 1 helper T, and Type 2 helper T cytokines) were tested in all participants. (3) Results: A total of 407 asthma patients (197 normal weight, 92 overweight, and 118 obese) were enrolled. There was a reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25–75% in the overweight/obese groups. No difference was found between the study groups in the main allergy characteristics. Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin was lower in asthmatics with obesity. Higher levels of IL-16 were found in overweight/obese asthmatic individuals than in normal-weight individuals. (4) Conclusions: Obesity may have an effect on impaired pulmonary function. While atopic inflammation plays an important role in the onset of asthma, nonatopic inflammation (including leptin and adiponectin) increases the severity of asthma in overweight/obese patients. The significance of different levels of IL-16 between groups needs to be further studied.
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Ekpruke CD, Silveyra P. Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:875295. [PMID: 35769576 PMCID: PMC9234861 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.875295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by an increase in the contraction and inflammation of airway muscles, resulting in airflow obstruction. The prevalence of asthma is lower in females than in males until the start of puberty, and higher in adult women than men. This sex disparity and switch at the onset of puberty has been an object of debate among many researchers. Hence, in this review, we have summarized these observations to pinpoint areas needing more research work and to provide better sex-specific diagnosis and management of asthma. While some researchers have attributed it to the anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the influences of hormonal interplay after puberty have also been stressed. Other hormones such as leptin have been linked to the sex differences in asthma in both obese and non-obese patients. Recently, many scientists have also demonstrated the influence of the sex-specific genomic framework as a key player, and others have linked it to environmental, social lifestyle, and occupational exposures. The majority of studies concluded that adult men are less susceptible to developing asthma than women and that women display more severe forms of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of the roles played by sex- and gender-specific factors, and the biological mechanisms involved will help develop novel and more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic plans for sex-specific asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia Silveyra
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11
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Siegfried JM. Sex and Gender Differences in Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6470418. [PMID: 34927202 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two highly prevalent pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), show both sex and gender differences in their presentations and outcomes. Sex differences are defined as biological differences associated with the male vs female genotype, and gender differences are defined as behavioral or social differences that primarily arise because of gender identity. The incidence of both lung cancer and COPD has increased dramatically in women over the past 50 years, and both are associated with chronic pulmonary inflammation. Development of COPD is also a risk factor for lung cancer. In this review, the main differences in lung cancer and COPD biology observed between men and women will be summarized. Potential causative factors will be discussed, including the role of estrogen in promoting pro-growth and inflammatory phenotypes which may contribute to development of both lung cancer and COPD. Response of the innate and adaptive immune system to estrogen is a likely factor in the biology of both lung cancer and COPD. Estrogen available from synthesis by reproductive organs as well as local pulmonary estrogen synthesis may be involved in activating estrogen receptors expressed by multiple cell types in the lung. Estrogenic actions, although more pronounced in women, may also have importance in the biology of lung cancer and COPD in men. Effects of estrogen are also timing and context dependent; the multiple cell types that mediate estrogen action in the lungs may confer both positive and negative effects on disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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12
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Bergantin LB. COVID-19 and Obesity: Reevaluating the Relationship Through Ca 2+/cAMP Signalling. Curr Drug Res Rev 2022; 14:157-159. [PMID: 36281829 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666220429100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Bueno Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology - Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP, Brazil, 04039-032
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Arazi H, Falahati A, Suzuki K. Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise Potential Favorable Effect Against COVID-19: The Role of Renin-Angiotensin System and Immunomodulatory Effects. Front Physiol 2021; 12:747200. [PMID: 34867452 PMCID: PMC8634264 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.747200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, it has a strong interaction with the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Experimental studies have shown that the higher levels of ACE2 or increasing ACE2/ACE1 ratio improve COVID-19 outcomes through lowering inflammation and death. Aerobic moderate intensity physical exercise fights off infections by two mechanisms, the inhibition of ACE/Ang II/AT1-R pathway and the stimulation of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis. Exercise can also activate the anti-inflammatory response so that it can be a potential therapeutic strategy against COVID-19. Here, we summarize and focus the relation among COVID-19, RAS, and immune system and describe the potential effect of aerobic moderate intensity physical exercise against CoV as a useful complementary tool for providing immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, which is a novel intervention that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Akram Falahati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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14
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Kokelj S, Östling J, Georgi B, Fromell K, Ekdahl KN, Olsson HK, Olin AC. Smoking induces sex-specific changes in the small airway proteome. Respir Res 2021; 22:234. [PMID: 34429114 PMCID: PMC8385797 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoke triggers many cellular and signaling responses in the lung and the resulting inflammation plays a central role in smoke-related lung diseases, such as COPD. We explored the effects of smoking on the small airway proteome in samples obtained by collection of exhaled particles with the aim to identify specific proteins dysregulated by smoking. Methods Exhaled particles were obtained from 38 current smokers, 47 former smokers and 22 healthy controls with the PExA method. 120 ng of sample was collected from individual subjects and analyzed with the SOMAscan proteomics platform. General linear model-based statistics were performed. Results Two hundred and three proteins were detected in at least half of 107 total samples. Active smoking exerted a significant impact on the protein composition of respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF), with 81 proteins altered in current smokers compared to never smokers (p < 0.05, q < 0.124). Among the proteins most clearly discriminating between current and never smokers were sRAGE, FSTL3, SPOCK2 and protein S, all of them being less abundant in current smokers. Analysis stratified for sex unveiled sex differences with more pronounced proteomic alterations due to active smoking in females than males. Proteins whose abundance was altered by active smoking in women were to a larger extent related to the complement system. The small airway protein profile of former smokers appeared to be more similar to that observed in never smokers. Conclusions The study shows that smoking has a strong impact on protein expression in the small airways, and that smoking affects men and women differently, suggesting PExA sampling combined with high sensitivity protein analysis offers a promising platform for early detection of COPD and identification of novel COPD drug targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01825-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spela Kokelj
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Inst. of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jörgen Östling
- PExA AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Georgi
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Henric K Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Inst. of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Cai Z, Yang Y, Zhang J. Obesity is associated with severe disease and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1505. [PMID: 34348687 PMCID: PMC8334342 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to global research to predict those who are at greatest risk of developing severe disease and mortality. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the associations between obesity and the severity of and mortality due to COVID-19. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases for studies evaluating the associations of obesity with COVID-19. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to estimate regression coefficients. Results Forty-six studies involving 625,153 patients were included. Compared with nonobese patients, obese patients had a significantly increased risk of infection. (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.53–4.87; I2 = 96.8%), hospitalization (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.55–1.92; I2 = 47.4%), clinically severe disease (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.97–7.35; I2 = 57.4%), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.42–1.94; I2 = 41.3%), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.55–3.27; I2 = 71.5%), and mortality (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.29–2.01; I2 = 83.1%). Conclusion Patients with obesity may have a greater risk of infection, hospitalization, clinically severe disease, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and mortality due to COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to increase awareness of these associations with obesity in COVID-19 patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11546-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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16
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Nouri-Keshtkar M, Taghizadeh S, Farhadi A, Ezaddoustdar A, Vesali S, Hosseini R, Totonchi M, Kouhkan A, Chen C, Zhang JS, Bellusci S, Tahamtani Y. Potential Impact of Diabetes and Obesity on Alveolar Type 2 (AT2)-Lipofibroblast (LIF) Interactions After COVID-19 Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676150. [PMID: 34307358 PMCID: PMC8295688 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new emerging respiratory virus, caused evolving pneumonia outbreak around the world. In SARS-Cov-2 infected patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are two metabolic diseases associated with higher severity of SARS-CoV-2 related complications, characterized by acute lung injury requiring assisted ventilation as well as fibrosis development in surviving patients. Different factors are potentially responsible for this exacerbated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In patients with DM, base-line increase in inflammation and oxidative stress represent preexisting risk factors for virus-induced damages. Such factors are also likely to be found in obese patients. In addition, it has been proposed that massive injury to the alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells, which express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), leads to the activation of their stromal niches represented by the Lipofibroblasts (LIF). LIF are instrumental in maintaining the self-renewal of AT2 stem cells. LIF have been proposed to transdifferentiate into Myofibroblast (MYF) following injury to AT2 cells, thereby contributing to fibrosis. We hypothesized that LIF's activity could be impacted by DM or obesity in an age- and gender-dependent manner, rendering them more prone to transition toward the profibrotic MYF status in the context of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Understanding the cumulative effects of DM and/or obesity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the cellular level will be crucial for efficient therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nouri-Keshtkar
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aisan Farhadi
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Vesali
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Hosseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Kouhkan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Kim BK, Song WJ, Seo B, Kim JY, Kim SH, Jang HC, Kim KW, Chang YS. Retinol-binding protein-4 was associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens in the elderly population. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:447-455. [PMID: 33045798 PMCID: PMC7969066 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent evidence suggests an association between allergic sensitization and metabolic markers. However, this association has rarely been examined in the elderly. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) is a recently identified adipokine that acts on the muscle and liver affecting insulin sensitivity. We evaluated the association between metabolic parameters and allergic sensitization in the elderly. METHODS We analysed the database of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging cohort study conducted during 2005 to 2006. Atopy was identified by inhalant allergen skin prick test. Metabolic conditions were assessed using anthropometric indices and serum biomarkers such as fasting glucose, lipid, adiponectin, and RBP-4. RESULTS Among the 854 elderly subjects, 17.2% had atopy. Plasma RBP-4 levels were significantly higher in the atopic elderly than nonatopic elderly (p = 0.003). When RBP-4 percentiles were categorized as under three groups, the prevalence of atopy and current rhinitis increased significantly with percentiles of RBP-4 levels (p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, respectively). Log RBP-4 was associated with atopy (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; p = 0.009) and current rhinitis (OR, 2.73; p = 0.014), but not with current asthma (OR, 1.17; p = 0.824). Higher RBP-4 level in atopic elderly was also observed in current rhinitis patients. Atopy, but not current rhinitis, showed significant relationships with log RBP-4 levels in multivariate analyses adjusted for other metabolic markers including body mass index. CONCLUSION RBP-4 positively associated with atopy in the general elderly population irrespective of other metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bomi Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak C. Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Yoon-Seok Chang, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7023, Fax: +82-31-787-4052, E-mail:
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18
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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19
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Magzoub A, Al-Ayed M, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS, Al-Shaibary K, Shalayel M. Leptin induces a contracting effect on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle via the Ob-R receptor mechanism: novel evidence. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:810-817. [PMID: 32687729 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the potential contracting effect of leptin on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle (TSM), the possible mechanism, and the impact of epithelium denudation or allergen sensitization, respectively. An in vitro experiment investigated the effect of leptin at a concentration of 250-1000 nmol/L on isolated guinea pig TSM with an intact or denuded epithelium. Ovalbumin and IgE were used to test the impact of active and passive sensitization. The isolated TSM strips were incubated in Krebs solution and aerated with carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2) via an automated tissue organ bath system (n = 4 for each group). Isometric contractions were recorded digitally using iox2 data acquisition software. The possible mechanism of leptin-induced TSM contraction was examined by preincubation with leptin receptor (Ob-R) antagonist. Leptin had significant concentration-dependent contraction effects on guinea pig TSM (p < 0.05). Epithelium denuding and active or passive sensitization significantly increased the potency of the leptin. Preincubation with a leptin receptor (Ob-R) antagonist significantly reduced the contraction effects, suggesting an Ob-R-mediated mechanism. Leptin had a contracting effect on airway smooth muscles potentiated by either epithelium denuding or sensitization, and the Ob-R mechanism was a possible effect mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Magzoub
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Ayed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Al-Shaibary
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shalayel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Mikalsen IB, Byberg K, Forman MR, Øymar K. Adipokines in adolescence; the associations with lung function and atopy - A cross-sectional study. Respir Med 2020; 170:106063. [PMID: 32705985 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both inflammatory and mechanical effects have been proposed to explain the increased risk of asthma and reduced lung function observed in obese children and adults. The evidence regarding the potential role of obesity in the aetiology of atopy and allergy is more conflicting. The adipokines leptin and adiponectin are inflammatory markers of fat metabolism which may be involved in explaining the increased risk of asthma and reduced lung function in obese children and adults. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to study how adiponectin and leptin were associated with lung function and atopic sensitisation in adolescents. The study included 384 children at mean age 12.9 years with measurements of adiponectin, leptin, lung function and atopic sensitisation. Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured in serum, lung function was measured by spirometry and atopic sensitisation was measured by serum specific Immunoglobulin E. In linear regression models, leptin was negatively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (Beta: -4.13; 95% Confidence Interval: -5.83, -2.44, P < 0.001) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (-3.74; -5.39, -2.09, P < 0.001) after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and other covariates. No associations were observed between adiponectin and lung function or between leptin or adiponectin and atopic sensitisation. In this cross-sectional analysis of adolescents in all weight classes, leptin was negatively associated with FEV1 and FVC independent of BMI, but no associations were found between adiponectin and lung function. The results suggest that leptin may have a functional role in the airways of healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Bruun Mikalsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kristine Byberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Michele R Forman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Knut Øymar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
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21
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Post A, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Obesity, adipokines and COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13313. [PMID: 32531806 PMCID: PMC7323011 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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22
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Han MK. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women: A Biologically Focused Review with a Systematic Search Strategy. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:711-721. [PMID: 32280209 PMCID: PMC7132005 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s237228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms and progression may differ between men and women. However, limited information is currently available on the pathophysiological and biological factors that may underlie these sex-related differences. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate reports of potential sex-related differences, including genetic, pathophysiological, structural, and other biological factors, that may influence COPD development, manifestation, and progression in women. Patients and Methods A PubMed literature search was conducted from inception until January 2020. Original reports of genetic, hormonal, and physiological differences, and biological influences that could contribute to COPD development, manifestation, and progression in women were included. Results Overall, 491 articles were screened; 29 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results from this analysis demonstrated between-sex differences in inflammatory, immune, genetic, structural, and physiological factors in patients with COPD. Conclusion Various biological differences are observed between men and women with COPD including differences in inflammatory and metabolic pathways related to obesity and fat distribution, immune cell function and autophagy, extent and distribution of emphysema and airway wall remodeling. An enhanced understanding of these differences has the potential to broaden our understanding of how COPD develops and progresses, thereby providing an opportunity to ultimately improve diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of COPD in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Lipid mediators and asthma: Scope of therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:113925. [PMID: 32217103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and their mediators are known to play a pro-inflammatory role in several human diseases including asthma. The influence of leukotrienes and prostaglandins through arachidonate metabolism in asthma pathophysiology is well established and hence, prompted the way for therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolites. In addition, various types of fatty acids have been reported to play a diverse role in asthma. For instance, CD4+ T-lymphocytes differentiation towards T-effector (Teff) or T-regulatory (Tregs) cells seems to be controlled reciprocally by fatty acid metabolic pathways. Further, the dysregulated lipid status in obesity complicates the asthma manifestations suggesting the role of lipid metabolites particularly ω-6 fatty acids in the process. On the other hand, clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests the role of short chain fatty acids in curbing asthma through upregulation of T-regulatory cells or clearance of inflammatory cells through promoting apoptosis. Accordingly, the present review compiles various studies for comprehensive analysis of different types of lipid based metabolites in asthma manifestation. Finally, we have proposed certain strategies which may enhance the usefulness of lipid mediators for balanced immune response during asthma.
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Kim JS, Anderson MR, Podolanczuk AJ, Kawut SM, Allison MA, Raghu G, Hinckley-Stuckovsky K, Hoffman EA, Tracy RP, Barr RG, Lederer DJ, Giles JT. Associations of Serum Adipokines With Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease Among Community-Dwelling Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Chest 2019; 157:580-589. [PMID: 31678306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines have inflammatory and fibrotic properties that may be critical in interstitial lung disease (ILD). We examined associations of serum adipokine levels with CT imaging-based measures of subclinical ILD and lung function among community-dwelling adults. METHODS A subset of the original Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort (n = 1,968) had adiponectin, leptin, and resistin measured during follow-up visits (2002-2005). We used regression models to examine associations of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels with (1) high-attenuation areas (HAAs) from CT scans (2004-2005, n = 1,144), (2) interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) from CT scans (2010-2012, n = 872), and (3) FVC from spirometry (2004-2006, n = 1,446). We used -(1/HAA2), which we denoted with H, to model HAA as our outcome to meet model assumptions. RESULTS Higher adiponectin was associated with lower HAA on CT imaging among adults with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P for BMI interaction = .07). Leptin was more strongly associated with ILA among never smokers compared with ever smokers (P for smoking interaction = .004). For every 1-SD increment of log-transformed leptin, the percent predicted FVC was 3.8% lower (95% CI, -5.0 to -2.5). Higher serum resistin levels were associated with greater HAA on CT in a fully adjusted model. For every 1-SD increment of log-transformed resistin there was an increase in H of 14.8 (95% CI, 3.4-26.3). CONCLUSIONS Higher adiponectin levels were associated with lower HAA on CT imaging among adults with a higher BMI. Higher leptin and resistin levels were associated with lower FVC and greater HAA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.
| | | | - Anna J Podolanczuk
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Department of Medicine and the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eric A Hoffman
- Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - David J Lederer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jon T Giles
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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25
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Chaaban TA. Bariatric surgery: a potential cure for asthma? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/152/190003. [PMID: 31285286 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0003-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma incidence and severity are increased in obese populations. Systematic reviews have shown benefit from weight-loss interventions on asthma outcomes, but the role of bariatric surgery is still unclear. In this review, cohorts of obese asthmatic patients undergoing bariatric surgery were examined regarding different asthma outcomes. The available data on patients who were followed up showed improvements in asthma control, exacerbation risk, asthma-related hospitalisation, medication use and airway hyperresponsiveness, with some patients not requiring further treatment for asthma. Follow-up duration was variable, being mostly of 1 year, with some studies reporting long-term outcomes after 5 years. The studies reviewed had many limitations, including small numbers of patients, lack of control arm in some studies and lack of standardisation of asthma diagnosis, classification and outcome measures, in addition to possible reporting bias. Data on small numbers of patients also show the possibility of benefit exclusively in nonallergic asthma. Larger, more stringent clinical trials are needed before recommending bariatric surgery for treatment of asthma.
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Gut-Gobert C, Cavaillès A, Dixmier A, Guillot S, Jouneau S, Leroyer C, Marchand-Adam S, Marquette D, Meurice JC, Desvigne N, Morel H, Person-Tacnet C, Raherison C. Women and COPD: do we need more evidence? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/151/180055. [PMID: 30814138 PMCID: PMC9488562 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0055-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasingly female face of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence among women has equalled that of men since 2008, due in part to increased tobacco use among women worldwide and exposure to biomass fuels. This finding is supported by a number of characteristics. There is evidence of susceptibility to smoking and other airborne contaminants, along with epidemiological and phenotypic manifestations. COPD has thus become the leading cause of death in women in the USA. The clinical presentation is characterised by increasingly pronounced dyspnoea with a marked tendency towards anxiety and depression, undernutrition, nonsmall cell lung cancer (especially adenocarcinoma) and osteoporosis. Quality of life is also more significantly impacted. The theories advanced to explain these differences involve the role played by oestrogens, impaired gas exchange in the lungs and smoking habits. While these differences require appropriate therapeutic responses (smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy), barriers to the treatment of women with COPD include greater under-diagnosis than in men, fewer spirometry tests and medical consultations. Faced with this serious public health problem, we need to update and adapt our knowledge to the epidemiological changes. The face of COPD is increasingly female. We need more evidence and a change in how the disease is managed. http://ow.ly/zueL30mWqlS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gut-Gobert
- G.E.T.B.O. (Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale), Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878, IFR148, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Cavaillès
- Institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, Dept of Pulmonology, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Dixmier
- Dept of Pulmonology, Orléans Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | - Stéphanie Guillot
- Unité d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, CHRU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.,IRSET UMR 1085, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Leroyer
- G.E.T.B.O. (Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale), Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878, IFR148, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, Brest, France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- Université François Rabelais Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Inserm 1100, CHRU de Tours Service de Pneumologie, Tours, France
| | - David Marquette
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Meurice
- Dept of Pulmonology Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Hugues Morel
- Dept of Pulmonology, Orléans Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | | | - Chantal Raherison
- Service des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Bordeaux, Epicene U1219 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity on Tracheal Responsiveness to Methacholine, Tracheal Visfatin Level, and Lung Histological Changes in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Female Wistar Rats. Inflammation 2018; 41:846-858. [PMID: 29380115 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown a close relationship between obesity and asthma severity. In the present study, the effects of diet-induced obesity were examined on airway responsiveness to methacholine in addition to visfatin level in female Wistar rats' tracheae after sensitization with ovalbumin. The rats were divided into four groups: control with normal diet (ND), ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized with normal diet (S + ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and OVA-sensitized with a high-fat diet (S + HFD). The animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard pelts or high-fat diet and then sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the tracheae were isolated and assessed for airway responsiveness and visfatin protein levels. Diet-induced obesity groups developed increased weight and obesity indices (p < 0.001). After sensitization with OVA and diet-induced obesity, there were marked leftward shifts in methacholine concentration-response curves in S + HFD group compared to other groups. Also, maximum response was the highest (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), EC50 was the lowest (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), and visfatin protein level was the highest (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) in S + HFD. According to results, diet-induced obesity caused airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and enhanced visfatin protein levels in the tracheae of ovalbumin-sensitized female rats. Our results suggested that, in obese ovalbumin-sensitized conditions in female rats, the local production of adipocytokines, such as visfatin, may be increased, resulting in the deterioration of inflammation in lungs. This finding shows a possible mechanism for the altered phenotype in obesity-ovalbumin sensitization conditions in female rats.
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Suh YJ, McDonald MLN, Washko GR, Carolan BJ, Bowler RP, Lynch DA, Kinney GL, Bon JM, Cho MH, Crapo JD, Regan EA. Lung, Fat and Bone: Increased Adiponectin Associates with the Combination of Smoking-Related Lung Disease and Osteoporosis. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2018; 5:134-143. [PMID: 30374451 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.5.2.2016.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin has been proposed as a biomarker of disease severity and progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with spirometry-defined COPD and with computed tomography (CT)-measured emphysema. Increased adiponectin plays a role in other diseases including diabetes/metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Previous studies of adiponectin and COPD have not assessed the relationship of adiponectin to airway disease in smokers and have not evaluated the effect of other comorbid diseases on the relationship of adiponectin and lung disease. We postulated that adiponectin levels would associate with both airway disease and emphysema in smokers with and without COPD, and further postulated that body composition and the comorbid diseases of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and diabetes might influence adiponectin levels. Methods: Current and former smokers from the COPD Genetic Epidemiology study (COPDGene) (n= 424) were assigned to 4 groups based on CT lung characteristics and volumetric Bone Density (vBMD). Emphysema (% low attenuation area at -950) and airway disease (Wall area %) were used to assess smoking-related lung disease (SRLD). Group 1) Normal Lung with Normal vBMD; Group 2) Normal Lung and Osteoporosis; Group 3) SRLD with Normal vBMD; Group 4) SRLD with Osteoporosis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and T-cadherin (soluble receptor for adiponectin) levels were defined for each group. Body composition was derived from chest CT. Multivariable regression assessed effects of emphysema, wall area %, bone density, comorbid diseases and other key factors on log adiponectin. Results: Group 4, SRLD with Osteoporosis, had significantly higher adiponectin levels compared to other groups and the effect persisted in adjusted models. Systemic inflammation (by CRP) was associated with SRLD in Groups 3 and 4 but not with osteoporosis alone. In regression models, lower bone density and worse emphysema were associated with higher adiponectin. Airway disease was associated with higher adiponectin levels when T-cadherin was added to the model. Male gender, greater muscle and fat were associated with lower adiponectin. Conclusions: Adiponectin is increased with both airway disease and emphysema in smokers. Bone density, and fat and muscle composition are all significant factors predicting adiponectin that should be considered when it is used as a biomarker of COPD. Increased adiponectin from chronic inflammation may play a role in the progression of bone loss in COPD and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David A Lynch
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D Crapo
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth A Regan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver
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Zhao H, Dennery PA, Yao H. Metabolic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including BPD, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L544-L554. [PMID: 29351437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00521.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of nutrient substrates, including glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids, provides acetyl-CoA for the tricarboxylic acid cycle to generate energy, as well as metabolites for the biosynthesis of biomolecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and lipids. It has been shown that metabolism of glucose, fatty acid, and glutamine plays important roles in modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and inflammatory responses. All of these cellular processes contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming occurs in patients with and animal models of chronic lung diseases, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation may participate in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss the catabolic pathways for glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids, and focus on how metabolic reprogramming of these pathways impacts cellular functions and leads to the development of these chronic lung diseases. We also highlight how targeting metabolic pathways can be utilized in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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Kaczyńska K, Zając D, Wojciechowski P, Kogut E, Szereda-Przestaszewska M. Neuropeptides and breathing in health and disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 48:217-224. [PMID: 29223509 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory neuropeptides control and regulate breathing in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. While they have been identified in the neurons of major respiratory areas, they can be active not only at the central level, but also at the periphery via chemoreceptors, vagal afferents, or locally within lungs and airways. Some neuropeptides, such as leptin or substance P, are respiratory stimulants; others, such as neurotensin, produce variable effects on respiration depending on the site of application. Some neuropeptides have been implicated in pathological states, such as obstructive sleep apnea or asthma. This article provides a concise review of the possible role and functions of several selected neuropeptides in the process of breathing in health and disease and in lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Zając
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kogut
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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31
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What do polymorphisms tell us about the mechanisms of COPD? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2847-2863. [PMID: 29203722 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is characterized by irreversible lung airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development. However, only a minority number of smokers develop COPD, and there are substantial variations in lung function among smokers, suggesting that genetic determinants in COPD susceptibility. During the past decade, genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing have been instrumental to identify the genetic determinants of complex traits, including COPD. Focused studies have revealed mechanisms by which genetic variants contribute to COPD and have led to novel insights in COPD pathogenesis. Through functional investigations of causal variants in COPD, from the proteinase-antiproteinase theory to emerging roles of developmental pathways (such as Hedgehog and Wnt pathways) in COPD, we have greatly expanded our understanding on this complex pulmonary disease. In this review, we critically review functional investigations on roles of genetic polymorphisms in COPD, and discuss future challenges and opportunities in discovering novel mechanisms of functional variants.
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32
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Bodini A, Tenero L, Sandri M, Maffeis C, Piazza M, Zanoni L, Peroni D, Boner A, Piacentini G. Serum and exhaled breath condensate leptin levels in asthmatic and obesity children: a pilot study. J Breath Res 2017; 11:046005. [PMID: 28952460 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa61c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted the possible involvement of leptin in inflammation. The leptin receptor is also expressed by alveolar macrophages, T lymphocytes and bronchial epitelial cells, suggesting a possible role in the cascade of airway inflammation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of leptin in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from asthmatic, normal- and overweight children, in relationship with airway inflammation. METHODS 15 asthmatic non-obese children, 15 healthy non-asthmatic non-obese children, 11 obese children with asthma (OA) and 20 obese children without asthma (ONA) were enrolled. Body impedance of body weight, EBC collection, FeNO, spirometry and a blood sampling for serum leptin were assessed. RESULTS Leptin EBC levels were significantly higher (3.9 ng ml-1 ± 1.3) in overweight children than those obese with asthma (3.6 ng ml-1 ± 1.6; p = 0.97), non-owerweight asthmatics (2.2 ng ml-1 ± 1.2; p < 0.0001) and in healthy children (0.9 ng ml-1 ± 0.6; p < 0.001). Leptin EBC levels in asthmatic children were significantly higher than in healthy children (p = 0.05). Leptin serum levels were significantly higher in the overweight children compared with the asthmatics (12.7 ng ml-1 ± 13.2; p < 0.001) and the healthy group (11.1 ng ml-1 ± 11.2; p < 0.001). We observed a significant correlation between EBC-leptin levels and the serum-leptin levels (p = 0.001). No correlations were found between EBC-leptin levels, FeNO and lung function. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that leptin is measurable in EBC in children and that EBC-leptin levels are significantly higher in the obese subjects and in asthmatic ones compared with healthy subjects. Leptin may therefore represent a non-invasive marker of non-specific airway inflammation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bodini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Italy
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Garshick E, Walia P, Goldstein RL, Teylan M, Lazzari AA, Tun CG, Hart JE. Plasma Leptin and Reduced FEV 1 and FVC in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. PM R 2017; 10:276-285. [PMID: 28827209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.08.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue produces leptin, which is pro-inflammatory, and adiponectin, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Participants with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) have increased body fat and are at increased risk for respiratory illness. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between leptin and adiponectin with pulmonary function in a chronic SCI cohort. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 285 participants (237 men and 48 women) with chronic SCI with mean (standard deviation) injury duration 17.8 (13.2) years from the VA Boston and the community participating in an epidemiologic study assessing factors associated with respiratory health. METHODS Participants (24.6% cervical American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) level A, B, and C; 33.6% other AIS A, B, and C; 41.8% AIS D) provided a blood sample, completed a respiratory health questionnaire, and underwent spirometry. Linear regression methods were used to assess cross-sectional associations between plasma leptin and adiponectin with spirometric measures of pulmonary function adjusted for age, race, gender, and height. Level and severity of SCI, mobility mode, body mass index, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chest injury history, laboratory batch, and other potential confounders were also considered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC. RESULTS There was a statistically significant inverse relationship between plasma leptin assessed in quartiles or as a continuous covariate with FEV1 and FVC. In fully adjusted models, each interquartile range (16,214 pg/mL) increase in leptin was associated with a significant decrease in FEV1 (-93.1 mL; 95% confidence interval = -166.2, -20.0) and decrease in FVC (-130.7 mL; 95% confidence interval = -219.4, -42.0). There were no significant associations between leptin and FEV1/FVC or between plasma adiponectin with FEV1, FVC, or FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSION Plasma leptin in individuals with chronic SCI is inversely associated with FEV1 and FVC, independently of SCI level and severity and other covariates. This finding suggests that plasma leptin may contribute to reduced pulmonary function in chronic SCI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Palak Walia
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rebekah L Goldstein
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Merilee Teylan
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonio A Lazzari
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos G Tun
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury Campus, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132.,Research and Development Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Divison of Primary Care and Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Jiang Z, Knudsen NH, Wang G, Qiu W, Naing ZZC, Bai Y, Ai X, Lee CH, Zhou X. Genetic Control of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:738-748. [PMID: 28199134 PMCID: PMC5516290 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0282oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetics homeostasis is important for cells to sustain normal functions and defend against injury. The genetic controls of bioenergetics homeostasis, especially lipid metabolism, remain poorly understood in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death in the world. Additionally, the biological function of most of the susceptibility genes identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in COPD remains unclear. Here, we aimed to address (1) how fatty acid oxidation (FAO), specifically β-oxidation, a key lipid metabolism pathway that provides energy to cells, contributes to cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD; and (2) whether-and if so, how-FAM13A (family with sequence similarity 13 member A), a well-replicated COPD GWAS gene, modulates the FAO pathway. We demonstrated that CS induced expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key mitochondrial enzyme for the FAO pathway, thereby enhancing FAO. Pharmacological inhibition of FAO by etomoxir blunted CS-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death in lung epithelial cells. FAM13A promoted FAO, possibly by interacting with and activating sirutin 1, and increasing expression of CPT1A. Furthermore, CS-induced cell death was reduced in lungs from Fam13a-/- mice. Our results suggest that FAM13A, the COPD GWAS gene, shapes the cellular metabolic response to CS exposure by promoting the FAO pathway, which may contribute to COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson H. Knudsen
- Departments of Genetics and Complex Diseases, and
- Nutrition, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, and
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Yan Bai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Departments of Genetics and Complex Diseases, and
- Nutrition, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, and
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Edwards MR, Saglani S, Schwarze J, Skevaki C, Smith JA, Ainsworth B, Almond M, Andreakos E, Belvisi MG, Chung KF, Cookson W, Cullinan P, Hawrylowicz C, Lommatzsch M, Jackson D, Lutter R, Marsland B, Moffatt M, Thomas M, Virchow JC, Xanthou G, Edwards J, Walker S, Johnston SL. Addressing unmet needs in understanding asthma mechanisms: From the European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP) Work Package (WP)2 collaborators. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1602448. [PMID: 28461300 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02448-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, complex disease with clinical phenotypes that incorporate persistent symptoms and acute exacerbations. It affects many millions of Europeans throughout their education and working lives and puts a heavy cost on European productivity. There is a wide spectrum of disease severity and control. Therapeutic advances have been slow despite greater understanding of basic mechanisms and the lack of satisfactory preventative and disease modifying management for asthma constitutes a significant unmet clinical need. Preventing, treating and ultimately curing asthma requires co-ordinated research and innovation across Europe. The European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP) is an FP7-funded programme which has taken a co-ordinated and integrated approach to analysing the future of asthma research and development. This report aims to identify the mechanistic areas in which investment is required to bring about significant improvements in asthma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Lutter
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Marsland
- University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Georgina Xanthou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nasiri Kalmarzi R, Ataee P, Mansori M, Moradi G, Ahmadi S, Kaviani Z, Khalafi B, Kooti W. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in asthmatic patients and its relation with asthma severity, lung function and BMI. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:258-264. [PMID: 28411906 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is one of the diseases which has a high prevalence in developed and developing countries. The relationship between asthma and obesity has always been focused by researchers. In this field, adipokines, especially adiponectin and leptin have highly attended by the scientist. The aim of this study was to determine the serum level of adiponectin, leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio in asthmatic patients and its relationship with disease severity, lung function and BMI (body mass index). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 90 asthmatic women admitted to the tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan province - Iran, were examined. First, BMI was measured and then pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics patient. Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, were measured. At the end, blood samples were collected and serum level of adiponectin and leptin were measured by ELISA method. RESULT Serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels correlated positively with asthma severity and BMI (p=0.0001), but there was no correlation between adiponectin level with asthma severity and BMI (p>0.05), also serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels inversely correlated with FEV1 and FVC in patient (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Asthma is linked with obesity, and there is an association between asthma severity and BMI with serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels, but our results do not support a significant role of adiponectin in obesity or asthma.
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Aslani MR, Keyhanmanesh R, Alipour MR. Increased Visfatin Expression Is Associated with Nuclear Factor-κB in Obese Ovalbumin-Sensitized Male Wistar Rat Tracheae. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:351-358. [PMID: 28420006 PMCID: PMC5768130 DOI: 10.1159/000475772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity on the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and visfatin messenger RNA in male Wistar rats' tracheae after sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 5 for each group), which included a control group fed a normal diet (ND) and groups fed normal diet, OVA-sensitized (S+ND); high-fat diet (HFD) only (diet-induced obesity); and high-fat diet, OVA-sensitized (S+HFD). All animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard chow or a high-fat diet, and then were sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks as per the above groups. The rats were anesthetized, after which the necks were exposed and the tracheae isolated and examined for expression levels of NF-κB and visfatin mRNA with the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Data were compared between the different groups using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The expression level of NF-κB mRNA in the S+HFD group was 2.67, which was statistically higher than the levels in the ND (0.96; p = 0.001), S+ND (1.86; p = 0.05), and HFD (1.26; p = 0.001) groups. Also, the visfatin mRNA expression level in the S+HFD group was 4.21, which was higher than the levels in the ND (0.92), S+ND (1.79), and HFD (2.20) (p = 0.001) groups. CONCLUSION In this study, the expression levels of NF-κB and visfatin were markedly higher in the S+HFD group in comparison to the other groups. These findings indicate that alternative signaling pathways might be activated in diet-induced obesity associated with the OVA-sensitized animal model and could be responsible for possible altered sensitization phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Ardabil Imam Khomeini Educational and Clinical Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Mohammad Reza Alipour, PhD, Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz (Iran), E-Mail or
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Antuni JD, Barnes PJ. Evaluation of Individuals at Risk for COPD: Beyond the Scope of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2016; 3:653-667. [PMID: 28848890 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.3.3.2016.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Strategy is a valuable tool for clinicians in the diagnosis and management of patients with established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are no recommendations for the evaluation of individuals, exposed to risk factors, who are most likely to develop COPD. Consequently, it is necessary to consider all of the factors that may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD: genetic factors, gender, socioeconomic status, disadvantageous factors in childhood, lung diseases and exposure to risk factors such as smoking, biomass fuel smoke, occupational hazards and air pollution. Along with the clinical assessment, periodic spirometry should be performed to evaluate lung function and make possible early detection of individuals who will develop the disease through the rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decline. The first spirometry, periodicity, and clinically significant decline in FEV1 will encompass the cornerstones of clinical follow up. This approach allows the implementation of important interventions in order to help individuals to cease contact with risk factors and prevent progressive respiratory impairment with the consequent deterioration of quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio D Antuni
- Corporación Médica de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Chen HM, Yang CM, Chang JF, Wu CS, Sia KC, Lin WN. AdipoR-increased intracellular ROS promotes cPLA2 and COX-2 expressions via activation of PKC and p300 in adiponectin-stimulated human alveolar type II cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L255-69. [PMID: 27288489 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00218.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine, accumulated in lung system via T-cadherin after allergens/ozone challenge. However, the roles of adiponectin on lung pathologies were controversial. Here we reported that adiponectin stimulated expression of inflammatory proteins, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human alveolar type II A549 cells. AdipoR1/2 involved in adiponectin-activated NADPH oxidase and mitochondria, which further promoted intracellular ROS accumulation. Protein kinase C (PKC) may involve an adiponectin-activated NADPH oxidase. Similarly, p300 phosphorylation and histone H4 acetylation occurred in adiponectin-challenged A549 cells. Moreover, adiponectin-upregulated cPLA2 and COX-2 expression was significantly abrogated by ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) or the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (apocynin), mitochondrial complex I (rotenone), PKC (Ro31-8220, Gö-6976, and rottlerin), and p300 (garcinol). Briefly, we reported that adiponectin stimulated cPLA2 and COX-2 expression via AdipoR1/2-dependent activation of PKC/NADPH oxidase/mitochondria resulting in ROS accumulation, p300 phosphorylation, and histone H4 acetylation. These results suggested that adiponectin promoted lung inflammation, resulting in exacerbation of pulmonary diseases via upregulating cPLA2 and COX-2 expression together with intracellular ROS production. Understanding the adiponectin signaling pathways on regulating cPLA2 and COX-2 may help develop therapeutic strategies on pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Chang
- PhD Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, Sanxia, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Chin Sia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Dimoulis A, Pastaka C, Tsolaki V, Tsilioni I, Pournaras S, Liakos N, Georgoulias P, Gourgoulianis K. Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Index in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients with Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Pilot Study. COPD 2016; 12:427-34. [PMID: 25415619 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.974738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) on Insulin Resistance (IR) in stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of NIV on IR and adiponectin levels during one year application of NIV in stable COPD patients with Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure. Twenty-five (25) stable COPD patients with Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure and with no self-reported comorbidities completed the study. NIV was administered in the spontaneous/timed mode via a full face mask using a bi-level positive airway pressure system. Spirometry, blood pressure, arterial blood gases, dyspnea, daytime sleepiness, serum fasting glucose and insulin levels were assessed. IR was assessed with the calculation of the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index. Adiponectin was measured with radioimmunoassay. Study participants were re-evaluated on the first, third, sixth, ninth and twelfth month after the initial evaluation. There was a significant improvement in FEV1 values from the first month (34.1 ± 11.6% vs 37 ± 12.3%, p = 0.05). There was a significant decrease in IR by the ninth month of NIV use (3.4 ± 2.3 vs 2.2 ± 1.4, p < 0.0001), while adiponectin levels significantly improved from the first month of NIV use. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that baseline HOMA index was associated with paCO2 (β = 0.07 ± 0.02, p = 0.001), while baseline adiponectin levels were associated with FVC (β = 0.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.035) and the concentration of serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) (-β = 0.18 ± 0.06, p = 0.002). Insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism as well as adiponectin levels improved along with the improvements in respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dimoulis
- a Department of Pathology , 404 General Military Hospital of Larissa, Greece
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Melo SMD, Argentino PA, Oliveira MMDS, Melo GNC, Souza Neto GL. Functional lung rejuvenation in obese patients after bariatric surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 62:157-61. [PMID: 27167546 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the lung age (LA) in obese people before and after bariatric surgery, compare the LA with the chronological age (CA) before and after the peration, and verify whether there was a functional pulmonary rejuvenation after it. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study including 43 morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The patients underwent clinical and spirometric evaluation in two stages, before and after the surgery. In both stages, LA, CA and spirometric variables were measured. RESULTS A significant improvement in the spirometric variables (FVC; FEV1; and FEV1/FVC ratio) was found after the operation (p≤ 0.0001). Comparing the LA before (50.93±13.36 years) and after the surgery (39.02±12.95 years), there was an important reduction of 11.90±9.12 years (95CI:9.10-14.71; p≤0.0001) in LA after surgery. The difference between LA and CA before surgery was 12.20± 11.71 years (95CI:8.60-15.81) with significant difference (p≤0.0001), and the difference between LA and CA after surgery was -1.95±11.83 years (95CI: -5.59-1.69) with no significant difference (p≤0.28). Regarding LA, we observed a pulmonary aging of 12.20±11.71 years before the surgery and a pulmonary rejuvenation of 11.90±9.12 years after it. CONCLUSION Morbid obesity is responsible for early damage and functional accelerated pulmonary aging. After the correction of the body weight by surgery, there is a functional pulmonary rejuvenation demonstrated by the normalization of LA in relation to CA.
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Queens beat one-eyed jacks, but nobody's played the ace yet. Adipokines as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarkers. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016. [PMID: 26203606 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201505-256ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Association of plasma adipokines with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity and progression. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12:1005-12. [PMID: 26010877 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201501-005oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, regulate metabolic and inflammatory systems reciprocally. The role of adiponectin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been studied. However, there are few data evaluating the relationship of plasma leptin with COPD severity or progression. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio with COPD severity and progression according to COPD phenotypes. METHODS Plasma leptin and adiponectin levels were measured in 196 subjects with COPD selected from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort. Using a linear regression model and mixed linear regression, we determined the relationship of plasma leptin and adiponectin levels and the leptin/adiponectin ratio to COPD severity and progression over 3 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The concentration of adiponectin in plasma positively correlated with percent emphysema on initial computed tomography (CT) (adjusted P = 0.022), whereas plasma leptin concentrations and the leptin/adiponectin ratio exhibited a significant inverse correlation with initial FEV1 (adjusted P = 0.013 for leptin and adjusted P = 0.041 for leptin/adiponectin ratio). Increased plasma leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were significantly associated with change in percent emphysema over 3 years (adjusted P = 0.037 for leptin and adjusted P = 0.029 for leptin/adiponectin ratio), whereas none of the adipokines demonstrated an association with FEV1 decline over the 3-year period. CONCLUSIONS Plasma adiponectin and leptin vary according to COPD phenotypes. Plasma leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio, but not adiponectin, were significantly associated with changes in CT-assessed emphysema, suggesting a potential role as a biomarker in emphysema progression in patients with COPD.
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Suursalmi P, Korhonen P, Kopeli T, Nieminen R, Luukkaala T, Moilanen E, Tammela O. Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Growth, Nutrition, and Adipokines at School Age. Glob Pediatr Health 2016; 3:2333794X16637290. [PMID: 27336010 PMCID: PMC4905159 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x16637290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated nutrition and growth in relation to plasma adipokine levels in 21 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) children with radiographic bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), 19 VLBW controls, and 19 term controls with a median age of 11.3 years. We took anthropometric measurements; assessed plasma levels of adipsin, resistin, adiponectin, and leptin; and analyzed the children’s 3-day food records. Children with BPD had a smaller age-adjusted head circumference and more microcephaly but no other significant growth differences. Daily recommended nutritional intake levels were poorly met but did not differ between the groups. Leptin levels correlated positively with the body mass index standard deviation score in VLBW children. No other associations between adipokine concentrations and growth were found. There were negative correlations between leptin concentrations and fat intake, resistin levels and carbohydrate intake, and adiponectin, adipsin, and leptin levels and energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Suursalmi
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Korhonen
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Riina Nieminen
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Eeva Moilanen
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Tammela
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Adipokines and Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. J Allergy (Cairo) 2015; 2015:157919. [PMID: 26770217 PMCID: PMC4684870 DOI: 10.1155/2015/157919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the last decades, and its association with asthma is being increasingly recognized. Aims. Our hypothesis is that increased leptin and decreased adiponectin levels in obese subjects play a direct role in regulating inflammation in asthmatics. We wanted to examine the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LT), inflammatory mediators that are regulated by adipokines, are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods. We studied a population of asthmatics and nonasthmatics, who in turn were divided into obese and nonobese categories. We examined leptin and its ratio to adiponectin, in asthmatics and nonasthmatics, with and without obesity. In addition, we measured cys-LT levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and in peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) in these groups. Results. Leptin levels were increased in obese asthmatics compared to obese nonasthmatics. The leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was higher in obese asthmatics compared to obese nonasthmatics. EBC cys-LT levels were elevated in asthmatics compared to nonasthmatics. Discussion. Proinflammatory adipokines, released from adipose tissue, may promote an asthma phenotype through enhanced cys-LT production that may result in more prevalent and difficult to control airway disease.
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Lower leptin/adiponectin ratio and risk of rapid lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11:1511-9. [PMID: 25372271 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201408-351oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The rate of annual change in FEV1 is highly variable among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reliable blood biomarkers are needed to predict prognosis. OBJECTIVES To explore plasma biomarkers associated with an annual change in FEV1 in patients with COPD. METHODS Plasma samples of 261 subjects, all Japanese, with COPD from the 5-year Hokkaido COPD cohort study were analyzed as a hypothesis-generating cohort, and the results were validated using data of 226 subjects with and 268 subjects without airflow limitation, mainly white, from the 4-year COPD Quantification by Computed Tomography, Biomarkers, and Quality of Life (CBQ) study conducted in Denmark. The plasma samples were measured using Human CardiovascularMAP (Myriad RBM, Austin, TX), which could analyze 50 biomarkers potentially linked with inflammatory, metabolic, and tissue remodeling pathways, and single ELISAs were used to confirm the results. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Higher plasma adiponectin levels and a lower leptin/adiponectin ratio at enrollment were significantly associated with an annual decline in FEV1 even after controlling for age, sex, height, and body mass index in the Hokkaido COPD cohort study (P = 0.003, P = 0.004, respectively). A lower plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio was also significantly associated with an annual decline in FEV1 in subjects with airflow limitation in the CBQ study (P = 0.014), the patients of which had largely different clinical characteristics compared with the Hokkaido COPD cohort study. There were no significant associations between lung function decline and adipokine levels in subjects without airflow limitation. CONCLUSIONS A lower leptin/adiponectin ratio was associated with lung function decline in patients with COPD in two independent Japanese and Western cohort studies of populations of different ethnicity. Measure of systemic adipokines may provide utility in predicting patients with COPD at higher risk of lung function decline.
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Li D, Wu Y, Tian P, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang T, Ying B, Wang L, Shen Y, Wen F. Adipokine CTRP-5 as a Potential Novel Inflammatory Biomarker in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1503. [PMID: 26356719 PMCID: PMC4616636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local and systemic inflammation often present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adipokines are secretory protein mediators by adipose tissue, which have been found to involve in inflammatory responses in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we performed this preliminary clinical study to investigate the possible association between 2 adipokines, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 and -5 (CTRP-3 and CTRP-5), with lung function and other markers of inflammation in COPD. Serum CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 levels were measured in 73 COPD patients and 54 health controls, together with lung function and levels of adiponectin, CRP, TNF-α, and MPO in both groups. Pearson's partial correlation was used to analyze the correlations between CTRPs and other serum markers or lung function. Serum CTRP-5 was significantly elevated in COPD patients (0.41 ± 0.35 versus 0.29 ± 0.28 μg/ml, P = 0.01) and correlated inversely with FEV1/FVC ratio in all patients (r = -0.31, P = 0.001). In COPD patients, CTRP-5 was also correlated negatively with FEV1% predicted (r = -0.464, P < 0.001) and had a positive association with CRP levels (r = 0.262, P = 0.04). However, serum CTRP-3 levels were not correlated with measures of lung function or systemic inflammation. In conclusion, circulating CTRP-5 was associated with the severity of airflow obstruction and systemic inflammation in patients with COPD, which suggests that it may be used as a potential novel inflammatory biomarker in COPD. Further studies should be performed to clarify the exact role of CTRP-5 on the pathogenesis and outcomes of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Li
- From the Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University (DL, YW, PT, XZ, HW, TW, YS, FW); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (DL, YW, PT, XZ, HW, TW, YS, FW); and Department of Laboratorial Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (BY, LW)
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48
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The prevention and treatment of hypoadiponectinemia-associated human diseases by up-regulation of plasma adiponectin. Life Sci 2015; 135:55-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Salah A, Ragab M, Mansour W, Taher M. Leptin and adiponectin are valuable serum markers explaining obesity/bronchial asthma interrelationship. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Alipour B, Hosseini SZ, Sharifi A, Ansarin K. Influence of Anthropometric Measurements in Lung Function in Patients With Asthma. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:50. [PMID: 26124947 PMCID: PMC4462771 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.158179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is commonly regarded as a risk factor for asthma development, poor asthma control, and poor response to asthma therapy. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 85 asthmatics (37 male and 48 female) participated. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and anthropometric parameters were measured for each patient. Results: Mean age and median duration were 43.9 ± 10.61 and 6 (3–14) years, respectively. Among anthropometric parameters, only waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) indicated significant correlation with PFTs in both sex (P < 0.05). There were negative associations between waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR with PFTs only in overweight and obese women (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Some anthropometric parameters affected lung function, and it seems that gender differentially contributes to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beitollah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Hosseini
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Sharifi
- Departmen of Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Departmen of Internal Medicine, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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