1
|
Seo JH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Cho AR, Koo J, Shim BS, Kim B, Kim SH. Honokiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatic fibrosis via activation of Ecadherin/GSK3β/JNK and inhibition of AKT/ERK/p38/β-catenin/TMPRSS4 signaling axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4092-4101. [PMID: 37253375 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Though Honokiol was known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antithrombotic, anti-viral, metabolic, antithrombotic, and neurotrophic activities, the underlying mechanisms of Honokiol on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated liver fibrosis still remain elusive so far. Anti-EMT and antifibrotic effects of Honokiol were explored in murine AML-12 hepatocyte cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, Western blotting and also in CCl4-induced liver injury mouse model by immunohistochemistry. Honokiol significantly suppressed transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT and migration of AML-12 cells along with decreased EMT phenotypes such as loss of cell adhesion and formation of fibroblast like mesenchymal cells in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells. Consistently, Honokiol suppressed the expression of Snail and transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), but not p-Smad3, and activated E-cadherin in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells. Additionally, Honokiol reduced the expression of β-catenin, p-AKT, p-ERK, p-p38 and increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and JNK in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells via TGF-β1/nonSmad pathway. Conversely, GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 reversed the ability of Honokiol to reduce Snail, β-catenin and migration and activate E-cadherin in TGF-β1-treated AML-12 cells. Also, Honokiol suppressed hepatic steatosis and necrosis by reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in liver tissues of CCl4 treated mice. These findings provide scientific evidence that Honokiol suppresses EMT and hepatic fibrosis via activation of E-cadherin/GSK3β/JNK and inhibition of AKT/ERK/p38/β-catenin/TMPRSS4 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwa Seo
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsuk Koo
- Division of Horticulture & Medicinal Plant, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Network pharmacology-based analysis on geniposide, a component of gardenia jasminoides, beneficial effects to alleviate LPS-induced immune stress in piglets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109894. [PMID: 36863144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide is the main medicinal component of Gardenia jasminoides, and its content is approximately 3-8% depending on its origin. Geniposide is a class of cyclic enol ether terpene glucoside compounds with strong antioxidant, free radical quenching and cancer-inhibiting activities. Many studies have reported that geniposide has hepatoprotective, cholestatic, neuroprotective, blood sugar and blood lipid regulation, soft tissue damage treatment, antithrombotic, antitumor and other effects. As a traditional Chinese medicine, gardenia, whether used as gardenia alone, as the monomer geniposide or as the effective part of cyclic either terpenoids, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects when used in the right amounts. Recent studies have found that geniposide has important roles in pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation activity, inhibition of the NF-κB/IκB pathway, and cell adhesion molecule production. In this study, we predicted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of geniposide in piglets through network pharmacology based on the LPS-induced inflammatory response-regulated signaling pathway. The effects of geniposide on changes in inflammatory pathways and cytokine levels in the lymphocytes of inflammation-stressed piglets were investigated using in vivo and in vitro models of piglet lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress. Network pharmacology identified 23 target genes, of which the main pathways of action were lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and Yersinia infection. The main relevant target genes were VEGFA, ROCK2, NOS3, and CCL2. Validation experiments showed that the interventional effects of geniposide reduced the relative expression of NF-κB pathway proteins and genes, restored the expression of COX-2 genes to normal levels, and increased the relative expression of tight junction proteins and genes in IPEC-J2 cells. This indicates that the addition of geniposide can alleviate inflammation and improve the level of cellular tight junctions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis and Its TCM Therapeutic Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5325431. [PMID: 35529927 PMCID: PMC9071861 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5325431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process of abnormal tissue proliferation in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors, which will further develop into cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma if liver injury is not intervened in time. As a diffuse progressive liver disease, its clinical manifestations are mostly excessive deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix resulting in scar formation due to liver injury. Hepatic fibrosis can be caused by hepatitis B and C, fatty liver, alcohol, and rare diseases such as hemochromatosis. As the metabolic center of the body, the liver regulates various vital activities. During the development of fibrosis, it is influenced by many other factors in addition to the central event of hepatic stellate cell activation. Currently, with the increasing understanding of TCM, the advantages of TCM with multiple components, pathways, and targets have been demonstrated. In this review, we will describe the factors influencing liver fibrosis, focusing on the effects of cells, intestinal flora, iron death, signaling pathways, autophagy and angiogenesis on liver fibrosis, and the therapeutic effects of herbal medicine on liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Lin H, Cheng W, Huang Z, Zhang W. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Plant-Based Monoterpenoids in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4839-4859. [PMID: 35436113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of plant active ingredients against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prominent, and the terpenoids have always been the main active compounds in Chinese herbal medicine exerting hepatoprotective effects. However, the related pharmacological effects, especially for monoterpenoids or iridoid glycosides, which have obvious effects on improvement of NAFLD, have not been systematically analyzed. The objective of this review is to systematically examine the molecular mechanisms of monoterpenoids in NAFLD. The signaling pathways of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, insulin, nuclear factor κB, toll-like receptor, adipocytokine, RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, and autophagy have been proven to mediate this protective effect. We further compared the experimental data from animal models, including the dosage of these monoterpenoids in detail, and demonstrated that they are effective and safe candidate drugs for NAFLD. This review provides a reference for the development of NAFLD drugs as well as a research guideline for the potential uses of plant monoterpenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Sun Q, Davis F, Mao J, Zhao H, Ma D. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in organ fibrosis development: current understanding and treatment strategies. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac011. [PMID: 35402628 PMCID: PMC8990740 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a process in which cellular homeostasis is disrupted and extracellular matrix is excessively deposited. Fibrosis can lead to vital organ failure and there are no effective treatments yet. Although epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be one of the key cellular mechanisms, the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis remain largely unknown. EMT is a cell phenotypic process in which epithelial cells lose their cell-to-cell adhesion and polarization, after which they acquire mesenchymal features such as infiltration and migration ability. Upon injurious stimulation in different organs, EMT can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways and is also regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EMT in fibrogenesis and discusses potential strategies for attenuating EMT to prevent and/or inhibit fibrosis. Despite better understanding the role of EMT in fibrosis development, targeting EMT and beyond in developing therapeutics to tackle fibrosis is challenging but likely feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Liu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK.,Department of Nephrology and Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Qizhe Sun
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Frank Davis
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang L, Bi L, Jin L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Z, He W, Cui H, Miao J, Wang L. Geniposide Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis Through Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Respose, Inhibiting Apoptosis and Modulating Overall Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772635. [PMID: 34899328 PMCID: PMC8651620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progressive liver damage condition caused by various factors and may progress toward liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies have found that the disfunction in metabolism could contribute to the development of liver fibrosis. Geniposide, derived from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, has been demonstrated with therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of such liver-protection remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explored the effect of geniposide on metabolic regulations in liver fibrosis. We used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to construct a mouse model of liver fibrosis and subsequently administered geniposide treatment. Therapeutic effects of geniposide on liver fibrosis were accessed through measuring the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum and the pathological changes in liver. We also investigated the effects of geniposide on inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver. Furthermore, serum untargeted metabolomics were used to explore the metabolic regulatory mechanisms behind geniposide on liver fibrosis. Our results demonstrated that geniposide could reduce the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum and ameliorate the pathological changes in liver fibrosis mice. Geniposide enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels in liver. Geniposide treatment also decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in liver tissue homogenate. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) staining demonstrated that geniposide could reduce the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Geniposide increased the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated the protein expression of Bcl-2 Associated X (Bax), cleaved-Caspase 3, and cleaved-Caspase 9. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that geniposide treatment improved the metabolic disorders including glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effects of geniposide on liver fibrosis. We found that geniposide could treat liver fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response and apoptosis in the liver, and modulating glycerophospholipid, and arginine, proline, and AA metabolism processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Bi
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenju He
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
SB203580-A Potent p38 MAPK Inhibitor Reduces the Profibrotic Bronchial Fibroblasts Transition Associated with Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312790. [PMID: 34884593 PMCID: PMC8657816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Subepithelial fibrosis is a component of the remodeling observed in the bronchial wall of patients diagnosed with asthma. In this process, human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) drive the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) in response to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which activates the canonical Smad-dependent signaling. However, the pleiotropic properties of TGF-β1 also promote the activation of non-canonical signaling pathways which can affect the FMT. In this study we investigated the effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition by SB203580 on the FMT potential of HBFs derived from asthmatic patients using immunocytofluorescence, real-time PCR and Western blotting methods. Our results demonstrate for the first time the strong effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on the TGF-β1-induced FMT potential throughout the strong attenuation of myofibroblast-related markers: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin and connexin 43 in HBFs. We suggest the pleiotropic mechanism of SB203580 on FMT impairment in HBF populations by the diminishing of TGF-β/Smad signaling activation and disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton architecture along with the maturation of focal adhesion sites. These observations justify future research on the role of p38 kinase in FMT efficiency and bronchial wall remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Qiu H, Yao S, Li Q, Ding Y, Cao Y, Chen X, Zhu X. Geniposide exerts protective effects on spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting the IKKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108158. [PMID: 34555642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic condition of the central nervous system , which can cause nerve injury and affect nerve regeneration, thus leading to severe dysfunction of motor and sensory pathways, and unfortunately these effects are irreversible. Inflammatory response constitutes one of the important mechanisms of spinal cord secondary injury. Geniposide (Gen) is reported to possess anti-inflammation and neuronal repair capacities. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect and mechanism of Gen on motor function and inflammatory response in SCI rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly grouped, and the SCI model was established by Allen's method. The motor function of rats was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. The protective effect of Gen on the injured spinal cord tissues was evaluated by measuring the water content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Moreover, the protein level of the inflammation-related pathway was detected by spectrometry and Western blot assays. RESULTS Gen significantly promoted the recovery of SCI rats, decreased the edema of spinal cord tissues, reduced the area of cavity, increased the number of NF-200-positive neurons, as well as increased the number of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing-positive neurons and regenerated axons with myelin sheath. Additionally, compared with the control group, the neutrophil infiltration, contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, the activity of inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase subunit β (IKKβ) kinase, and protein levels of (nuclear factor κB) NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB (p-I-κB) in the Gen experimental group were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Gen effectively alleviated inflammatory response after SCI by inhibiting the IKKs/NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the recovery of motor function and axon regeneration in rats. SIGNIFICANCE This study can provide novel insights for the early and effective intervention of SCI and confer basic data for the treatment of spinal cord secondary injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuihong Yao
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunfeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuemin Ding
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhui Cao
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuming Chen
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Feng C, Li Y, Su C, Zhao S, Su S, Yu F, Li J. An investigation on nephrotoxicity of Aristolactam I induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition on HK-2 cells. Toxicon 2021; 201:21-26. [PMID: 34391786 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aristolactam I (AL-I) is the main active ingredient in the Aristolochia plant species, which have been associated with severe nephrotoxicity. In order to investigate the mechanism of AL-I induced renal epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we established an AL-I induced EMT model in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells). Biochemical analysis experiment including Morphological examination, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and Western blot analysis were performed. The results showed that AL-I accumulates in the cytosol causing cytotoxicity and inhibition of proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Morphological examination showed that with the increasing concentration of AL-I, the tendency of HK-2 cells transform form epithelial cell to fibroblast cells was stronger. In the Western blot analysis, the expression of α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) were significantly up-regulated, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated after administrating. The ratio of the expression of P-Smad2/3 and Smad2/3 was significantly up-regulated, suggested that TGF-β/Smad-dependent signaling pathway was activated in this process. With presence of TGF-β receptor inhibitor (LY364947), we found that the expressions of three EMT related proteins (E-cadherin, α-SMA and TGF-β1) were obviously reversed. In conclusion, we acknowledge that AL-I can induce renal EMT process in HK-2 cell, which is triggered by the activation of TGF-β/Smad-dependent signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China
| | - Yimao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China
| | - Chenlin Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China
| | - Shengdi Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xia Y, Yu E, Li Z, Zhang K, Tian J, Wang G, Xie J, Gong W. Both TGF-β1 and Smad4 regulate type I collagen expression in the muscle of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:907-917. [PMID: 33813689 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I collagen is proven to make an important contribution to fish muscle quality. Our previous study has shown the Smad4-dependent regulation of type I collagen expression in the muscle of crisp grass carp fed with faba bean. However, the regulatory roles of TGF-β1 or TGF-β1/Smad4 on type I collagen remain unclear in ordinary grass carp fed with normal diets or in other fish species. To clarify this point, the effect of TGF-β1 and Smad4 over-expression and RNAi knockdown on type I collagen (COL1-α1 and COL1-α2) expression were tested in vitro (zebrafish ZF4 cells) and in vivo (grass carp) along with the TGF-β1/Smad4 co-expression and co-knockdown. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, Smad4, and type I collagen were upregulated in the groups with over-expressed TGF-β1 and Smad4 and downregulated in the groups of TGF-β1 and Smad4 RNAi in comparison to controls in vitro (P < 0.05). Similarly, in the in vivo experiment, the mRNA abundance of TGF-β1, Smad4, and type I collagen of over-expression group was higher than the controls at 36 h (P < 0.05). Co-injection of TGF-β1/Smad4 over-expression and RNAi vectors generally showed the higher efficacy. This study revealed that TGF-β1 and Smad4 genes regulated type I collagen expression in grass carp muscle and zebrafish. These findings will provide references for the collagen regulation of other freshwater fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Li L. The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety Issues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:655268. [PMID: 34136500 PMCID: PMC8200416 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.655268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a novel treatment for liver diseases due to the roles of MSCs in regeneration, fibrosis inhibition and immune regulation. However, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. Despite the significant efficacy of MSC therapy in animal models and preliminary clinical trials, issues remain. The efficacy and safety of MSC-based therapy in the treatment of liver diseases remains a challenging issue that requires more investigation. This article reviews recent studies on the mechanisms of MSCs in liver diseases and the associated challenges and suggests potential future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhou N, Lu Y, Lu J, Xing X, Chen H, Zhang X. FUBP1 mediates the growth and metastasis through TGFβ/Smad signaling in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:66. [PMID: 33649780 PMCID: PMC7952245 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the expression levels of far upstream element‑binding protein 1 (FUBP1) were upregulated and served a crucial role in several types of cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of FUBP1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine the expression levels of FUBP1 in patients with PAAD and subsequently investigated the biological functions and mechanisms of FUBP1 using in vitro assays. FUBP1 expression levels and survival outcomes in patients with PAAD were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and starBase databases. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of FUBP1 in PAAD and adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the expression of FUBP1 was knocked down with small interfering RNA and overexpressed using FUBP1‑overexpressed plasmids, and the effects on biological functions, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, were investigated. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the role of FUBP1 in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of FUBP1 were upregulated in PAAD tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and the upregulated expression was significantly associated with poor survival. The knockdown of FUBP1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of the PAAD PaTu8988 cell line, while the overexpression of FUBP1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the PAAD SW1990 cell line. Furthermore, the knockdown of FUBP1 downregulated the expression levels of EMT‑related markers, including N‑cadherin, β‑catenin and vimentin, while the expression levels of E‑cadherin were upregulated. The knockdown of FUBP1 was also revealed to regulate the TGFβ/Smad signaling cascade by downregulating phosphorylated‑Smad2/3 and TGFβ1 expression levels. Conversely, the overexpression of FUBP1 reversed these effects. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that FUBP1 may be a potential oncogene that mediates the EMT of PAAD via TGFβ/Smad signaling. These data suggested that FUBP1 may represent a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of PAAD or a target for the treatment of patients with PAAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Nvshi Zhou
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Lu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Central Laboratory, Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wen M, Liu Y, Chen R, He P, Wu F, Li R, Lin Y. Geniposide suppresses liver injury in a mouse model of DDC-induced sclerosing cholangitis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3799-3811. [PMID: 33763888 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing cholangitis, characterized by biliary inflammation, fibrosis, and stricturing, remains one of the most challenging conditions of clinical hepatology. Geniposide (GE) has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cholagogic effects. Whether GE provides inhibition on the development of sclerosing cholangitis is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of GE in a mouse model in which mice were fed with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) for 4 weeks to induce sclerosing cholangitis. The results demonstrated that the increased hepatic gene expressions of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and F4/80) and profibrogenic markers (Col1α1, Col1α2, TGF-β, and α-SMA) in DDC feeding mice were reversed after treatment with GE. GE also suppressed expressions of CK19 and Ki67 in DDC-fed mice, suggesting that GE could ameliorate DDC-induced hepatocytes and cholangiocytes proliferation. In addition, GE significantly increased bile acids (BAs) secretion in bile, which correlated with induced expressions of hepatic FXR, BAs secretion transporters (BSEP, MRP2, MDR1, and MDR2), and reduced CYP7A1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, higher expressions of ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling and reduced ASBT were also observed after GE treatment. Taken together, these data showed that GE could modulate inflammation, fibrosis, and BAs homeostasis in DDC-fed mice, which lead to efficiently delay the progression of sclerosing cholangitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yubei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Feihua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yining Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tiwari A, Khera R, Rahi S, Mehan S, Makeen HA, Khormi YH, Rehman MU, Khan A. Neuroprotective Effect of α-Mangostin in the Ameliorating Propionic Acid-Induced Experimental Model of Autism in Wistar Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030288. [PMID: 33669120 PMCID: PMC7996534 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have documented the role of hyper-activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in Autism pathogenesis. Alpha-mangostin (AMG) is a phytoconstituents with anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and ERK inhibition properties in many diseases. Our research aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of AMG in the rat model of intracerebroventricular-propionic acid (ICV-PPA) induced autism with a confirmation of its effect on the ERK signaling. Autism was induced in Wistar rats (total 36 rats; 18 male/18 female) by multiple doses of PPA through ICV injection for 11 days. Actophotometer and beam walking tasks were used to evaluate animals’ motor abilities, and the Morris water maze task was utilized to confirm the cognition and memory in animals. Long term administration of AMG100 mg/kg and AMG200 mg/kg continued from day 12 to day 44 of the experiment. Before that, animals were sacrificed, brains isolated, morphological, gross pathological studies were performed, and neurochemical analysis was performed in the brain homogenates. Cellular and molecular markers, including ERK, myelin basic protein, apoptotic markers including caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, neuroinflammatory markers, neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress markers, have been tested throughout the brain. Thus, AMG reduces the overactivation of the ERK signaling and also restored autism-like behavioral and neurochemical alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; (A.T.); (R.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Rishabh Khera
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; (A.T.); (R.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Saloni Rahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; (A.T.); (R.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; (A.T.); (R.K.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.K.); Tel.: +91-80-5988-9909 (S.M.)
| | - Hafiz Antar Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya H. Khormi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.K.); Tel.: +91-80-5988-9909 (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu D, Zeng W, Han X, Qian T, Sun J, Qi F, Liu C, Wang Q, Jin H. Honokiol protects against epidural fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix overproduction in rats post‑laminectomy. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2057-2068. [PMID: 33125121 PMCID: PMC7595651 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidural fibrosis (EF)‑induced failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) in patients post‑laminectomy remains a medical challenge. Although the scarring mechanisms remain unclear, the majority of aetiological studies have reported fibroblast dysfunction. Honokiol, the major bioactive constituent of the magnolia tree, exerts a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti‑proliferative and anti‑fibrotic effects, on various cell types. The present study investigated whether honokiol attenuates EF progression. In vitro, it was found that honokiol inhibited excessive fibroblast proliferation induced by transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including fibronectin and type I collagen, in a dose‑dependent manner. These effects were attributed to the ability of honokiol to suppress the activity of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which is indispensable for the progression of fibrosis. Mechanistically, honokiol attenuated the TGF‑β1‑induced activation of the Smad2/3 and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways in fibroblasts. In vivo, honokiol reduced the proliferation of fibroblasts and the synthesis of ECM components, thus ameliorating EF in a rat model post‑laminectomy. Taken together, these preclinical findings suggest that honokiol deserves further consideration as a candidate therapeutic agent for EF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xuyao Han
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Tianchen Qian
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Qi
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma X, Jiang Y, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zeng J, Guo Y. A comprehensive review of natural products to fight liver fibrosis: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and other compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173578. [PMID: 32976828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of drugs to treat liver fibrosis has long been a challenge over the past decades due to its complicated pathogenesis. As a primary approach for drug development, natural products account for 30% of clinical drugs used for disease treatment. Therefore, natural products are increasingly important for their medicinal value in liver fibrosis therapy. In this part of the review, special focus is placed on the effect and mechanism of natural compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and others. A total of 36 kinds of natural compounds demonstrate significant antifibrotic effects in various liver fibrosis models in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. Revealing the mechanism will provide further basis for clinical conversion, as well as accelerate drug discovery. The mechanism was further summarized with the finding of network regulation by several natural products, such as oxymatrine, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1 and taurine. Moreover, there are still improvements needed in investigating clinical efficacy, determining mechanisms, and combining applications, as well as semisynthesis and modification. Therefore, natural products area promising resource for agents that protect against liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsai FJ, Yang PY, Chen CJ, Li JP, Li TM, Chiou JS, Cheng CF, Chuang PH, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Ban B, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Decreased overall mortality rate with Chinese herbal medicine usage in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in Taiwan. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32664975 PMCID: PMC7362535 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is one of the main causes of the morbidity and mortality in liver diseases. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has long been used for the clinical treatment of liver diseases. This study was designed to explore the usage frequency and prescription patterns of CHM for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and to evaluate the long-term effects of CHM on overall mortality. Methods Two thousand four hundred sixty-seven patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (ICD-9-CM code: 571.2, 571.5, and 571.6) diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 in Taiwan were identified from the registry for catastrophic illness patients. Of these, 149 CHM users and 298 CHM non-users were matched for age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index score. The chi-squared test, paired Student’s t-test, Cox proportional hazard model, and Kaplan–Meier method were applied for various comparisons between these groups of patients. Results CHM-treated patients showed a lower overall mortality risk compared with non-treated patients (Multivariable: p < 0.0001; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.69). The cumulative incidence of overall mortality was lower in the CHM-treated group (stratified log-rank test, p = 0.0002). The strongest CHM co-prescription pattern- Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) → Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang (LDXGT) had the highest support, followed by Zhi-Zi (ZZ) → Yin-Chen-Wu-Ling-San (YCWLS) and Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao (BHSSC) → Da-Huang (DaH). Conclusion CHM, as adjunct therapy, might decrease the risk of overall mortality in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. CHM co-prescription patterns and network analysis showed that comprehensive herbal medicines have a protective role against liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to enhance the knowledge of safety and efficacy of CHM in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chuang
- Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo Ban
- Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ren L, Liu W, Wang C, Yang Y, Huang X, Wang C, Li Y. The ancient Chinese formula Longdan Xiegan Tang improves antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia by repairing the hypothalamic and pituitary TGF-β1 signaling in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112572. [PMID: 31940455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antipsychotics often induce hyperprolactinemia. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 signaling in the pituitary and hypothalamus inhibits prolactin synthesis and secretion, and its impairment is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Longdan Xiegan Tang (LXT) alone or together with antipsychotics have been used to treat various neuropsychiatric diseases and hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of LXT on hyperprolactinemia and involvement of the TGF-beta1 signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were co-administered with olanzapine (5 mg/kg) and LXT extract (50 and 500 mg/kg) (p.o., × 8 weeks). Plasma concentrations of prolactin and TGF-beta1 were determined by ELISA. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment of rats with LXT extract suppressed olanzapine-induced increase in plasma prolactin concentration and overexpression of pituitary and hypothalamic prolactin protein. Importantly, LXT restored olanzapine-induced decrease in protein expression of the key components of the TGF-beta1 signaling, TGF-beta1, type II TGF-beta receptor, type I TGF-beta receptor and phosphorylated SMAD3 in the pituitary and hypothalamus. Further, it antagonized downregulation of pituitary and hypothalamic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) protein level, and inhibited pituitary estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta protein expression. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that LXT ameliorates antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by repairing the pituitary and hypothalamic TGF-beta1 signaling possibly via D2R, ERs or/and other pathways. Our findings may also provide scientific elucidation for use of the ancient Chinese formula to treat the impaired TGF-beta1 signaling-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yifan Yang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Xiaoqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Q, Chang X, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Wu M, Zhan H, Li S, Sun Y. TGF-β1 mediated Smad signaling pathway and EMT in hepatic fibrosis induced by Nano NiO in vivo and in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:419-429. [PMID: 31737983 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (Nano NiO) bears hepatotoxicity, while whether it leads to liver fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish the Nano NiO-induced hepatic fibrosis model in vivo and investigate the roles of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in Smad pathway activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurrence, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in vitro. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg Nano NiO by intratracheal instilling twice a week for 9 weeks. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 μg/mL Nano NiO and TGF-β1 inhibitor (SB431542) to explore the mechanism of collagen formation. Results of Masson staining as well as the elevated levels of type I collagen (Col-I) and Col-III suggested that Nano NiO resulted in hepatic fibrosis in rats. Furthermore, Nano NiO increased the protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1), while decreased the protein content of E-cadherin and Smad7 in rat liver and HepG2 cells. Most importantly, Nano NiO-triggered the abnormal expression of the abovementioned proteins were all alleviated by co-treatment with SB431542, implying that TGF-β1-mediated Smad pathway, EMT and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance were involved in overproduction of collagen in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that Nano NiO induced hepatic fibrosis via TGF-β1-mediated Smad pathway activation, EMT occurrence, and ECM deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunlan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibing Zhan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department occupational disease control, Lanzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Effects of Natural Iridoids and Anthocyanins on Selected Parameters of Liver and Cardiovascular System Functions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2735790. [PMID: 32318236 PMCID: PMC7150688 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2735790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The old adage says, "you are what you eat." And although it is a banality repeated by many with a grain of salt, it also has quite a bit of truth in it, as the products we eat have a considerable impact on our health. Unfortunately, humanity is eating worse from one year to another, both in terms of product quality and eating habits. At the same time, it is brought up frequently that plant products should form the basis of our diet. This issue was also reflected in the new version of the food pyramid. Iridoids and anthocyanins are groups of plant compounds with proven beneficial effects on health. Both groups affect the cardiovascular system and the liver functions. Although many mechanisms of action and the therapeutic effects of these compounds have already been learned, intensive animal and clinical research is still underway to explore their new curative mechanisms and effects or to broaden our knowledge of those previously described. In this article, we review the effects of natural iridoids and anthocyanins on selected parameters of liver and cardiovascular system functions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin Z, Li J, Pi J, Chu Q, Wei W, Du Z, Qing L, Zhao X, Wu W. Geniposide alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110015. [PMID: 32187958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess geniposide's effects in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis and to explore the underpinning mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aorta histological changes were evaluated by intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) and H&E staining. Lipid accumulation in the aortic was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out for detecting differentially expressed genes in rabbit high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. The levels of the cytokines CRP, IL-1β and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of iNOS and Arg-1 were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression levels of NR4A1, CD14, FOS, IL1A, iNOS and Arg-1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Geniposide markedly reduced the degree of atherosclerotic lesions in aorta tissues. RNA-seq and qPCR demonstrated that NR4A1, CD14, FOS and IL1A mRNA amounts were overtly increased in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Moreover, geniposide reduced iNOS (M1 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts as well as IL-1β secretion, which were enhanced in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Besides, Arg-1 (M2 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts were significantly increased after geniposide treatment, as well as IL-10 secretion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that geniposide could inhibit the progression of and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization and promoting M2 polarization through the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Junlong Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jianbin Pi
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qingmin Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weichao Wei
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lijin Qing
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim JY, Park JH, Kim K, Leem J, Park KK. Melatonin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in AML12 Hepatocytes. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040084. [PMID: 31717992 PMCID: PMC6956139 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that melatonin, a well-known pineal hormone that modulates the circadian rhythm, exerts beneficial effects against liver fibrosis. However, mechanisms for its protective action against the fibrotic processes remain incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of the hormone on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in AML12 hepatocytes. Pretreatment with melatonin dose-dependently reversed downregulation of an epithelial marker and upregulation of mesenchymal markers after TGF-β1 stimulation. Additionally, melatonin dose-dependently suppressed an increased phosphorylation of Smad2/3 after TGF-β1 treatment. Besides the canonical Smad signaling pathway, an increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 was also dose-dependently attenuated by melatonin. The suppressive effect of the hormone on EMT stimulated by TGF-β1 was not affected by luzindole, an antagonist of melatonin membrane receptors, suggesting that its membrane receptors are not required for the inhibitory action of melatonin. Moreover, melatonin suppressed elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in TGF-β1-treated cells. Finally, TGF-β1-stimulated EMT was also inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Collectively, these results suggest that melatonin prevents TGF-β1-stimulated EMT through suppression of Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades by deactivating ROS-dependent mechanisms in a membrane receptor-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Kiryeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang H, Nie C, Qin X, Zhou J, Zhang L. Diosgenin inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition initiation in osteosarcoma cells via the p38MAPK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4278-4287. [PMID: 31579425 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin is an important basic raw material for the production of steroid hormone drugs. It can be isolated and purified from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines or plants. Modern molecular biological studies have shown that diosgenin inhibits various tumor cells migration and invasion ability to varying degrees in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to observe the inhibitory effects of diosgenin on the invasive and metastatic capabilities of osteosarcoma cells and to determine the association between the effects of diosgenin on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to observe the inhibitory effects of diosgenin on the invasion and migration of two osteosarcoma cell lines. Immunofluorescence was used to observe changes in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) protein expression levels in the osteosarcoma cells following drug administration. EMT-associated proteins, including TGFβ1, E-cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blotting, which demonstrated that the drug may inhibit the initiation of EMT in osteosarcoma cells. Western blot analysis of the expression of all the proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway demonstrated that the drug inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway. The primary mechanism of action of diosgenin was the inhibition of the phosphorylated p38 (pP38) protein. Through a combination of inhibitors of the p38MAPK signaling pathway and detection of the downstream EMT marker protein E-cadherin by quantitative PCR, pP38 was confirmed to be a target of diosgenin in the inhibition of EMT in the osteosarcoma cells via the MAPK molecular signaling pathway. Diosgenin may exhibit utility as an auxiliary drug for the clinical reduction of metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Huang
- Department of Research Office, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214015, P.R. China
| | - Chao Nie
- Department of Research Office, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Qin
- Jiangsu KeyGEN BioTECH Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Research Office, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Research Office, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin X, Li J, Xing YQ. Geniposide, a sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor, inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cell. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:330-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Yang YZ, Zhao XJ, Xu HJ, Wang SC, Pan Y, Wang SJ, Xu Q, Jiao RQ, Gu HM, Kong LD. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate ameliorates high fructose-induced liver fibrosis in rat by increasing miR-375-3p to suppress JAK2/STAT3 pathway and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:879-894. [PMID: 30568253 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that excessive fructose intake induces liver fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) driven by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) signaling activation promotes the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate is clinically used as a hepatoprotective agent to treat liver fibrosis, but its underlying molecular mechanism has not been identified. Using a rat model, we found that high fructose intake reduced microRNA (miR)-375-3p expression and activated the janus-activating kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) cascade and TGF-β1/Smad signaling, which is consistent with the EMT and liver fibrosis. To further verify these observations, BRL-3A cells and/or primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to high fructose and/or transfected with a miR-375-3p mimic or inhibitor or treated with a JAK2 inhibitor, and we found that the low expression of miR-375-3p could induce the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to activate TGF-β1/Smad signaling and promote the EMT. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate was found to ameliorate high fructose-induced EMT and liver fibrosis in rats. More importantly, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate increased miR-375-3p expression to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and TGF-β1/Smad signaling in these animal and cell models. This study provides evidence showing that magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate attenuates liver fibrosis associated with a high fructose diet.
Collapse
|
26
|
Peng Y, Li L, Zhang X, Xie M, Yang C, Tu S, Shen H, Hu G, Tao L, Yang H. Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:41-48. [PMID: 31258636 PMCID: PMC6566051 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to study the therapeutic impacts of fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) on pig serum (PS)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and the complex molecular mechanisms of its effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, PS and PS/AKF-PD treatment groups. The activated human HSC LX-2 cell line was also treated with AKF-PD. The expression of collagen I and III, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was determined by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Western blotting and/or RT-qPCR analyses were used to determine the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, α-SMA, collagen I, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)-3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). AKF-PD attenuated the degree of hepatic fibrosis and liver injury in vivo, which was associated with the downregulation of collagen I and III, and α-SMA at the mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, AKF-PD treatment significantly reduced the TGF-β1-induced activation of HSCs, as determined by the reduction in collagen I and α-SMA protein expression. The TGF-β1-induced upregulation of the phosphorylation of Smad 3, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK was attenuated by AKF-PD treatment. These findings suggested that AKF-PD attenuated the progression of hepatic fibrosis by suppressing HSCs activation via the TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways, and therefore that AKF-PD may be suitable for use as a novel therapeutic agent against liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Congying Yang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Sha Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephropathy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Diverse Pharmacological Activities and Potential Medicinal Benefits of Geniposide. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4925682. [PMID: 31118959 PMCID: PMC6500620 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4925682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide is a well-known iridoid glycoside compound and is an essential component of a wide variety of traditional phytomedicines, for example, Gardenia jasminoides Elli (Zhizi in Chinese), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Duzhong in Chinese), Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Dihuang in Chinese), and Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (Niuxi in Chinese). It is also the main bioactive component of Gardeniae Fructus, the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Increasing pharmacological evidence supports multiple medicinal properties of geniposide including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic, and antitumoral effects. It has been proposed that geniposide may be a drug or lead compound for the prophylaxis and treatment of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes and diabetic complications, ischemia and reperfusion injury, and hepatic disorders. The aim of the present review is to give a comprehensive summary and analysis of the pharmacological properties of geniposide, supporting its use as a medicinal agent.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cai FF, Bian YQ, Wu R, Sun Y, Chen XL, Yang MD, Zhang QR, Hu Y, Sun MY, Su SB. Yinchenhao decoction suppresses rat liver fibrosis involved in an apoptosis regulation mechanism based on network pharmacology and transcriptomic analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108863. [PMID: 30991286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been widely used in the treatment of liver fibrosis caused by chronic hepatitis B and jaundice for more than 1800 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptosis regulation mechanisms of YCHD and its active components suppresses liver fibrosis. The active components and putative targets of YCHD were predicted by network pharmacology approach. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were presented in the present study by using clusterProfiler. Further, experimental validation was done by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and western blotting in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis rats, and cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, and western blotting in human hepatic L02 cells and LX2 cells. 45 active compounds in YCHD formula, 592 potential target proteins and 1191 liver fibrosis-related human genes were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that YCHD obviously influenced TNF, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Further, In vivo experiment indicated that YCHD treatment not only attenuated the symptoms of liver fibrosis, but also decrease the apoptosis of hepatic parenchyma cells. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that rhein, kaempferol and quercetin treatments remarkably decreased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and increased p-ERK1/2, PI3K and Bcl-XL protein expression in TNF-α-stimulated L02 cells. On the contrary, rhein, kaempferol, aloe-emodin and quercetin inhibited the proliferation of LX2 cells and up-regulated the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-8. In conclusion, 45 active components and 296 potential targets of YCHD against liver fibrosis were identified by the analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptomics combination. The mechanisms of YCHD against liver fibrosis were involved in the regulation of multiple targets, especially affecting the apoptosis-related signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Cai
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan-Qin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Rong Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Le Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Meng-Die Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qian-Ru Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Antioxidative Property and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Geniposide-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7480512. [PMID: 31089416 PMCID: PMC6476013 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7480512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide, an iridoid glucoside, is a major component in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Gardenia fruits). Geniposide has been experimentally proved to possess multiple pharmacological actions involving antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, antiangiogenesis, antiendoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), etc. In vitro and in vivo studies have further identified the value of geniposide in a spectrum of preclinical models of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disorders. The antioxidative property of geniposide should be attributed to the result of either the inhibition of numerous pathological processes or the activation of various proteins associated with cell survival or a combination of both. In this review, we will summarize the available knowledge on the antioxidative property and protective effects of geniposide in DM and cardiovascular disease in the literature and discuss antioxidant mechanisms as well as its potential applications in clinic.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Q, Li Z, Lin Y, Che H, Hu Y, Kang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. High glucose promotes hepatic fibrosis via miR‑32/MTA3‑mediated epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3190-3200. [PMID: 30816482 PMCID: PMC6423609 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by the aberrant production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Growing evidence indicates that the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition serves a crucial role in the progression of liver fibrogenesis. Although a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) has recently been identified as essential regulators of the EMT gene expression, studies of the EMT in hyperglycemic‑induced liver fibrosis are limited. In the current study, it was observed that high glucose‑treated AML12 cells occurred EMT process, and miR‑32 expression was markedly increased in the liver tissue of streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats and in high glucose‑treated AML12 cells. Additionally, the contribution of the EMT to liver fibrosis by targeting metastasis‑associated gene 3 (MTA3) under hyperglycemic conditions was suppressed by AMO‑32. The results indicated that miR‑32 and MTA3 may be considered as novel drug targets in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis under hyperglycemic conditions. These finding improves the understanding of the progression of liver fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hui Che
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xujuan Kang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsai FJ, Cheng CF, Chen CJ, Lin CY, Wu YF, Li TM, Chuang PH, Wu YC, Lai CH, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin JC, Lin CC, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on survival and hepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwan. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:30-38. [PMID: 30668320 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a complementary natural medicine that is used widely for the treatment of hepatic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the long-term use of CHM for the treatment of liver diseases, as prescribed by TCM doctors, on overall mortality and hepatic outcomes in patients with HCV. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 98788 patients with HCV. Of these, 829 and 829 patients who were users and non-users of CHM, respectively, were matched for age, gender, CCI, and comorbidities prior to CHM treatment. The chi-squared test, Cox proportional hazard model, Kaplan--Meier method, and log-rank test were used for comparisons. RESULTS CHM users had a lower risk of overall mortality than non-users after adjustment for comorbidities by using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model (p-value < 0.001; HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.06-0.26). In addition,the CHM users had a lower risk of liver cirrhosis than non-users after adjustment for comorbidities (p-value = 0.028; HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-0.88). The 12-year cumulative incidences of overall mortality and liver cirrhosis were lower in the CHM group (p-value < 0.05 for both, log rank test). The CHM co-prescription for Dan-Shen, Bie-Jia, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San => E-Shu was found to occur most often associated for the specific treatment of HCV infection. CONCLUSION CHM as adjunctive therapy may reduce the overall mortality and the risk of liver cirrhosis in patients with HCV. The comprehensive list of the herbal medicines that may be used for the treatment of patients with HCV may be useful in future scientific investigations or for future therapeutic interventions to prevent negative hepatic outcomes in patients with HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Wu
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chuang
- Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu R, Dong S, Cai FF, Chen XL, Yang MD, Liu P, Su SB. Active Compounds Derived from Fuzheng Huayu Formula Protect Hepatic Parenchymal Cells from Apoptosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomic Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020338. [PMID: 30669350 PMCID: PMC6358846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzheng huayu formula (FZHY), an antifibrotic traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently used for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, network analysis, transcriptomic analysis, assays of cell apoptosis, viability and protein expression were used for investigating the effects and mechanisms of compounds derived from FZHY on hepatic parenchymal cell (HPC) protection and hepatic stellate cell activation. Network pharmacology analysis found that 6 major compounds and 39 potential targets were important network nodes. Our analysis predicted that the active compounds of FZHY, including hederagenin, luteolin and tanshinone IIA inhibited cell apoptosis (p < 0.05), increased PI3K expression and reduced cleaved caspase 3 expression and the Bax/Bcl-w ratio (p < 0.05) in L02 cells that had apoptosis induced by TNF-α. Few significant changes caused by FZHY, hederagenin, luteolin and tanshinone IIA were observed in hepatic stellate Lx2 cells upon TGF-β1 induction. These data suggest that FZHY is active against liver fibrosis, protects hepatic parenchymal cells from apoptosis, and recovers liver function, possibly through the effects of its active compounds hederagenin, luteolin and tanshinone IIA and is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis in HPCs, possibly through regulating the PI3K, ERK, cleaved caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-w levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shu Dong
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fei-Fei Cai
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Le Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Meng-Die Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu EM, Ma LL, Ji H, Li ZF, Wang GJ, Xie J, Yu DG, Kaneko G, Tian JJ, Zhang K, Gong WB. Smad4-dependent regulation of type I collagen expression in the muscle of grass carp fed with faba bean. Gene 2018; 685:32-41. [PMID: 30393189 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Smad4 is the key regulator in the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads signal pathway, and is also the crux of the regulation of type I collagen expression in mammals. In fish, however, the relationship between Smad4 and type I collagen is still unknown. Given the widely accepted importance of type I collagen in fish muscle hardness, we seek to explore this issue by analyzing the expressions of the TGF-β1/Smads pathway molecules and type I collagen in the muscle of crisp grass carp fed with faba bean, which shows increased muscle hardness. The study found that (1) in the process of feeding the grass carp with faba bean, the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad4 all increased along with the increase of type I collagen expression (Col1α1 and Col1α2); (2) one day after the injection of Smad4 over-expression vector, both mRNA and protein expressions of Col1α1 and Col1α2 significantly increased, reaching the maximum on the 2nd and 5th day, respectively; (3) one day after the injection of Smad4 RNAi interference vector, the mRNA and protein expressions of Col1α1 and Col1α2 decreased, reaching the minimum on the 5th day. These results revealed that Smad4 is the major regulator of type I collagen in the muscle of grass carp fed with faba bean. This study would provide an important mechanistic basis for nutritional regulation of type I collagen in the muscle of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Ling-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Guang-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - De-Guang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Gen Kaneko
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA.
| | - Jing-Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Wang-Bao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Xingyu Road No. 1, Guangzhou 510380, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jin H, Wang Z, Gu Z, Wu J, Bai X, Shao Z, Miao J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wang X. Schisandrin B attenuates epidural fibrosis in postlaminectomy rats by inhibiting proliferation and extracellular matrix production of fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2018; 33:107-116. [PMID: 30346051 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laminectomy has been widely considered one of the most common treatments for lumbar disorders. Epidural fibrosis (EF) is a common complication after laminectomy, causing recurrent postoperative pain. Schisandrin B (Sch.B), the active ingredient extracted from Schisandra chinensis Fructus, has been found to have potent antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects on several cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sch.B on the prevention of postlaminectomy EF formation. In vitro, we studied the effects of Sch.B on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of primary fibroblasts, as well as its underlying mechanism. We found that Sch.B not only inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts but also reduced ECM production, including that of connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, and type I collagen, in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that Sch.B suppressed TGF-β1-stimulated activation of the Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover, the in vivo study demonstrated that Sch.B treatment attenuated the progression of EF in a postlaminectomy rat model via reducing the cell number and ECM production of scar tissue. Taken together, these data suggested that Sch.B possesses great potential value as a preventative agent for EF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiansen Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tan S, Lu Y, Xu M, Huang X, Liu H, Jiang J, Wu B. β‐Arrestin1 enhances liver fibrosis through autophagy‐mediated Snail signaling. FASEB J 2018; 33:2000-2016. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800828rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Tan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Minyi Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pomolic Acid Ameliorates Fibroblast Activation and Renal Interstitial Fibrosis through Inhibition of SMAD-STAT Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092236. [PMID: 30177595 PMCID: PMC6225234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological feature in most kinds of chronic kidney disease. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling is the master pathway regulating kidney fibrosis pathogenesis, in which mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) act as the integrator of various pro-fibrosis signals. We examine the effects of pomolic acid (PA) on mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and TGF-β1 stimulated kidney fibroblast cells. UUO mice were observed severe tubular atrophy, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition at seven days postoperatively. However, PA-treated UUO mice demonstrated only moderate injury, minimal fibrosis, and larger reductions in the expression of ECM protein and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress. PA inhibited the SMAD-STAT phosphorylation in UUO mice. PA effects were also confirmed in TGF-β1 stimulated kidney fibroblast cells. In this study, we first demonstrated that PA ameliorates fibroblast activation and renal interstitial fibrosis. Our results indicate that PA may be useful as a potential candidate in the prevention of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li N, Zhou H, Ma ZG, Zhu JX, Liu C, Song P, Kong CY, Wu HM, Deng W, Tang QZ. Geniposide Alleviates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Partially via SIRT1 Activation in vivo and in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:854. [PMID: 30123131 PMCID: PMC6086014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Geniposide (GE) is a major component in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and canonical Smad3 pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. We aim to investigate the protective roles of GE in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis. Methods: ISO was used to induce cardiac fibrosis in male C57BL/6 mice. GE and the EX-527 were given for 2 weeks to detect the effects of GE on cardiac fibrosis. Levels of oxidative stress, ER stress, and Smad3 were evaluated by real time-PCR, Western blots, immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, and assay kits. Results: GE treatment alleviated cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and hypertrophy in mice response to ISO. Additionally, GE also suppressed the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in vitro. Mechanistically, GE inhibited the oxidative stress, ER stress, as well as Smad3 pathway activated by ISO or TGF-β. A selective antagonist of sirtuin 1 deacetylase (SIRT1), EX-527, partially counteracted the anti-fibrotic effect and weakened the inhibitory effect on the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts after the treatment of GE. Acetylated Smad3 (ac-Smad3), oxidative stress, as well as ER stress pathway were significantly enhanced after SIRT1 was blocked while phosphorylated Smad3 (P-Smad3) was not affected. Conclusion: GE could combat cardiac fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress, and ac-Smad3 in a SIRT1-dependent manner and suppressing P-Samd3 pathway independent of SIRT1 activation. GE is expected to be a promising agent against cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pan H, Li Y, Qian H, Qi X, Wu G, Zhang H, Xu M, Rao Z, Li JL, Wang L, Ying H. Effects of Geniposide from Gardenia Fruit Pomace on Skeletal-Muscle Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5802-5811. [PMID: 29771121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide is the main bioactive constituent of gardenia fruit. Skeletal-muscle fibrosis is a common and irreversibly damaging process. Numerous studies have shown that geniposide could improve many chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and tumors. However, the effects of geniposide on skeletal-muscle fibrosis are still poorly understood. Here, we found that crude extracts of gardenia fruit pomace could significantly decrease the expression of profibrotic genes in vitro. Moreover, geniposide could also reverse profibrotic-gene expression induced by TGF-β and Smad4, a regulator of skeletal-muscle fibrosis. In addition, geniposide treatment could significantly downregulate profibrotic-gene expression and improve skeletal-muscle injuries in a mouse model of contusion. These results together suggest that geniposide has an antifibrotic effect on skeletal muscle through the suppression of the TGF-β-Smad4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xing X, Chen S, Li L, Cao Y, Chen L, Wang X, Zhu Z. The Active Components of Fuzheng Huayu Formula and Their Potential Mechanism of Action in Inhibiting the Hepatic Stellate Cells Viability - A Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Approach. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 29881350 PMCID: PMC5976863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the active components of Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) formula and the mechanism by which they inhibit the viability of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by a combination of network pharmacology and transcriptomics. Methods: The active components of FZHY formula were screened out by text mining. Similarity match and molecular docking were used to predict the target proteins of these compounds. We then searched the STRING database to analyze the key enriched processes, pathways and related diseases of these target proteins. The relevant networks were constructed by Cytoscape. A network analysis method was established by integrating data from above network pharmacology with known transcriptomics analysis of quiescent HSCs-activated HSCs to identify the most possible targets of the active components in FZHY formula. A cell-based assay (LX-2 and T6 cells) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis were used to validate the most possible active component-target protein interactions (CTPIs). Results: 40 active ingredients in FZHY formula and their 79 potential target proteins were identified by network pharmacology approach. Further network analysis reduced the 79 potential target proteins to 31, which were considered more likely to be the target proteins of the active components in FZHY formula. In addition, further enrichment analysis of 31 target proteins indicated that the HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, and chemokine signaling pathways may be the primary pathways regulated by FZHY formula in inhibiting the HSCs viability for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Of the 31 target proteins, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARG) was selected for validation by experiments at the cellular and molecular level. The results demonstrated that schisandrin B, salvianolic acid A and kaempferol could directly bind to PPARG, decreasing the viability of HSCs (T6 cells and LX-2 cells) and exerting anti-fibrosis effects. Conclusion: The active ingredients of FZHY formula were successfully identified and the mechanisms by which they inhibit HSC viability determined, using network pharmacology and transcriptomics. This work is expected to benefit the clinical application of this formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Postdoctoral Research Workstation, 210th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Langdong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, 210th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Autocrine transforming growth factor-β/activin A-Smad signaling induces hepatic progenitor cells undergoing partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition states. Biochimie 2018; 148:87-98. [PMID: 29544731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are a subpopulation of cells which was usually expanded in chronic liver injury and are contributed to liver regeneration through differentiating into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a dynamic process which is important for the progression of liver fibrosis and cancer initiation. This study demonstrated that LE/6 and WB-F344 cells, both of which were HPC derived cell lines, were undergoing partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition states, which was indicated by the co-expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and zona occludin 1), and mesenchymal markers (vimentin, fibronectin, collagen 1and α-SMA). Furthermore, autocrine TGF-β and activin A signaling contributed to the maintenance of partial EMT in HPCs. In addition, Smad signaling, a classic downstream signaling cascade of both TGF-β and activin A, also participated in the partial EMT. These findings revealed the existence of partial EMT states in HPCs and confirmed some partial EMT related autocrine signaling cascades, and may help to further the understanding and explore the functional role of HPCs in the process of hepatic fibrosis and liver cancer initiation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ko JW, Shin NR, Park JW, Park SH, Lee IC, Kim JS, Kim JC, Ahn KS, Shin IS. Copper oxide nanoparticles induce collagen deposition via TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling in human airway epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:239-250. [PMID: 29383958 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1432778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Use and application of nanoparticles has increased in recent years. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are one of the most common types of nanoparticles, and they are mainly used as catalysts and preservatives. However, limited toxicity data are available on the toxicity of CuONPs to the respiratory system. We investigated fibrotic responses induced by CuONPs in the respiratory tract and elucidated its underlying mechanism of action in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the mouse model, CuONPs exposure markedly increased transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen I expression and Smad3 phosphorylation, combined with elevation of inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These alterations were also observed in histological analysis of lung tissue. CuONPs markedly increased inflammatory responses and collagen deposition, accompanied by the elevation of TGF-β1 and collagen I expression in lung tissue. In addition, CuONPs-treated H292 cells showed significantly increased mRNA and protein production of TGF-β1, collagen I, IL-6, and TNF-α; this response was markedly decreased by treatment of a TGF-β1 inhibitor (SB-431542). Taken together, CuONPs induced fibrotic responses in the respiratory tract, closely related to TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Therefore, our results raise the necessity of further investigation for the present state of its risk by providing useful information of the toxicity of CuONPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Ko
- a College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team) , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team) , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- b Natural Medicine Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongwon-gun , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyeuk Park
- a College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team) , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- c Natural Product Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Jeongeup , Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- d Research Center , Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- a College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team) , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- b Natural Medicine Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongwon-gun , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team) , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Fibrosis of the liver is an inherent wound healing response to chronic liver injury. Regeneration of liver epithelium and restoration of normal liver structure were generally involved in this process. Although the liver has a striking capacity to adapt to damage through tissue repair, excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix during this process often leads to scar tissue formation and subsequent fibrosis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables a polarized epithelial cell to undergo multiple changes biochemically and to bear a mesenchymal cell phenotype. EMT plays a critical role in tissue and organ development and embryogenesis. In the liver, it is proposed that epithelial cells can acquire fibroblastic phonotype via EMT and contribute to fibrogenesis. This made EMT a potential target for antifibrotic strategies. Following an original passion, many investigators devote themselves to exploring this mechanism in liver fibrosis. However, as research continues, this hypothesis became highly controversial. The exact contribution of EMT to fibrogenesis was challenged due to the contradictory results from related studies. In this review, we summarized the recent advances regarding EMT in hepatic fibrosis and discussed the potentially involved liver cell types and pathways in order to reach rational and helpful conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ning Li, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai – 200040, People's Republic of China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tao H, Zhang M, Yang JJ, Shi KH. MicroRNA-21 via Dysregulation of WW Domain-Containing Protein 1 Regulate Atrial Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 27:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
44
|
Wei H, Duan G, He J, Meng Q, Liu Y, Chen W, Meng Y. Geniposide attenuates epilepsy symptoms in a mouse model through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1136-1142. [PMID: 29399113 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports on the pharmacological actions of geniposide have indicated that it has anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the liver and gallbladder, and therapeutic effects in neurological, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The results of the current study demonstrate that geniposide attenuates epilepsy in a mouse model through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. A mouse model of epilepsy was induced by maximal electric shock (50 mA, 50 Hz, 1 sec). Epilepsy mice were intragastrically administered with 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg geniposide. Geniposide significantly reduced the incidence and significantly increased the latency of clonic seizures in epileptic mice compared with non-treated epileptic mice (both P<0.01). Geniposide treatment significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in epilepsy mice (P<0.01). Furthermore, geniposide significantly suppressed the protein expression of activator protein 1, increased the activation of Akt and increased the protein expression of GSK-3β and PI3K in epilepsy mice (all P<0.01). These results suggest that geniposide attenuates epilepsy in mice through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wanqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yongpeng Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shan M, Yu S, Yan H, Guo S, Xiao W, Wang Z, Zhang L, Ding A, Wu Q, Li SFY. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Geniposide, a Natural Product. Molecules 2017; 22:E1689. [PMID: 28994736 PMCID: PMC6151614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoid glycosides are natural products occurring widely in many herbal plants. Geniposide (C17H24O10) is a well-known one, present in nearly 40 species belonging to various families, especially the Rubiaceae. Along with this herbal component, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized by researchers. Furthermore, a large body of pharmacological evidence has proved the various biological activities of geniposide, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cholagogic effects and so on. However, there have been some research articles on its toxicity in recent years. Therefore, this review paper aims to provide the researchers with a comprehensive profile of geniposide on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology in order to highlight some present issues and future perspectives as well as to help us develop and utilize this iridoid glycoside more efficiently and safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shin NR, Park JW, Lee IC, Ko JW, Park SH, Kim JS, Kim JC, Ahn KS, Shin IS. Melatonin suppresses fibrotic responses induced by cigarette smoke via downregulation of TGF-β1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95692-95703. [PMID: 29221159 PMCID: PMC5707053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most important risk factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible response and important feature of COPD. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on fibrotic response in development of COPD using a CS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced COPD model and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-stimulated NCI-H292 cells, a human mucoepidermoid cell line. Mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (8 cigarettes per day) from day 1 to day 7 and were treated intranasally with LPS on day 4. Melatonin (10 or 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before CS exposure. Melatonin decreased the inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), with a reduction in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Melatonin inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, collagen I and SMAD3 phosphorylation in lung tissue exposed to CS and LPS. In CSC-stimulated H292 cells, melatonin suppressed the elevated expression of fibrotic mediators induced by CSC treatment. Melatonin reduced the expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, SMAD3 and p38 phosphorylation in CSC-stimulated H292 cells. In addition, cotreatment with melatonin and TGF-β1 inhibitors significantly limited fibrotic mediators, with greater reductions in the expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, SMAD3 and p38 phosphorylation than those of H292 cells treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor alone. Taken together, melatonin effectively inhibited fibrotic responses induced by CS and LPS exposure, which was related to the downregulation of TGF-β1. Therefore, our results suggest that melatonin may suppress the pulmonary fibrotic response induced by CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyeuk Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ying HZ, Chen Q, Zhang WY, Zhang HH, Ma Y, Zhang SZ, Fang J, Yu CH. PDGF signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis pathogenesis and therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7879-7889. [PMID: 28983598 PMCID: PMC5779870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet‑derived growth factor (PDFG) signaling pathway exerts persistent activation in response to a variety of stimuli and facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Since this pathway modulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and carcinogenesis, it has emerged as a therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis and liver‑associated disorders. The present review exhibits the current knowledge of the role of the PDGF signaling pathway and its pathological profiles in hepatic fibrosis, and assesses the potential of inhibitors which have been investigated in the experimental hepatic fibrosis model, in addition to the clinical challenges associated with these inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibition of the TGF- β1/Smad Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7171404. [PMID: 29104873 PMCID: PMC5572594 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7171404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which leads to progressive pulmonary destruction. Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine that has been shown to improve pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the main active components and was shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study investigated the hypothesis that ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates EMT in COPD rats induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our data showed that CS or CSE exposure increased expression of the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased expression of the epithelial marker epithelial cadherin (E-cad) in both lung tissues and HBE cells, which was markedly suppressed by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, CS-induced upregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway components, including TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3, was also inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-βR1-Smad2/3 inhibitor, on suppression of EMT in CSE-induced HBE cells. Collectively, we concluded that ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates CS-induced pulmonary EMT, in both COPD rats and HBE cells, via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun S, Xie F, Zhang Q, Cui Z, Cheng X, Zhong F, He K, Zhou J. Advanced oxidation protein products induce hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition via a ROS-dependent, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:842-853. [PMID: 28500745 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during the progression of liver fibrosis in response to chronic liver injury. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatocyte EMT remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) had an effect on hepatocyte EMT. The human L02 hepatocyte cell line and hepatocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with AOPP treatment in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The expression of cell and molecular markers of EMT in L02 hepatocytes were studied using Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Hepatocyte migratory potential was analyzed using a wound healing assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay. In liver tissue sections, expression of EMT markers was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and collagen was assessed using histochemical staining with Masson's trichrome. The findings were that AOPP treatment resulted in EMT in hepatocytes, which was associated with reduced expression of E-cadherin, increased expression of vimentin, increased deposition of collagen protein, and enhanced cell migration in vivo and in vitro. AOPP was also found to promote migration in L02 cells, and to promote the production of ROS and the activation of TGF-βR and Smad signaling. Inhibition of the generation of intracellular ROS and TGF-β receptor blocking could reverse AOPP-induced EMT in hepatocytes. This study has identified a novel mechanism in the regulation of hepatocyte EMT, and the findings may have implications for the control of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, 518100, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, 518100, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Peoples' Hospital, 528400, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li X, Ma M, Zhang X, Deng L, Wang Y, Bian Z, Cai S, Peng B, Yang J, Chen Y. Ethanol extract of gardenia fruit alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1381-1388. [PMID: 28810600 PMCID: PMC5526097 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia fruit has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. A previous study by the present authors indicated that the ethanol extract of gardenia fruits (EEG) primarily contains eight constituents. In the present study, the potential effects of EEG on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis were observed in rats. A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 each): Sham group, UUO group, and EEG group, which were administered with EEG (200 mg/kg/day) or the same volume of distilled water as a vehicle. UUO were established by ligating left ureter at two points and cut between the ligatures. All rats were sacrificed at 14 days after UUO operation. the present results demonstrated that EEG significantly elevated the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and E-cadherin induced by UUO (both P<0.05), and reduced levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor and α-smooth muscle actin (all P<0.05). The present findings suggest that EEG is a potential novel renoprotective compound for renal fibrosis through inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Department of Diagnostics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xianggui Zhang
- Department of Diagnostics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Shining Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Bangya Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Jiangquan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|