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Gantsova E, Serova O, Vishnyakova P, Deyev I, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T. Mechanisms and physiological relevance of acid-base exchange in functional units of the kidney. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17316. [PMID: 38699185 PMCID: PMC11064853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the importance of homeostasis with a particular emphasis on the acid-base (AB) balance, a crucial aspect of pH regulation in living systems. Two primary organ systems correct deviations from the standard pH balance: the respiratory system via gas exchange and the kidneys via proton/bicarbonate secretion and reabsorption. Focusing on kidney functions, we describe the complexity of renal architecture and its challenges for experimental research. We address specific roles of different nephron segments (the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule) in pH homeostasis, while explaining the physiological significance of ion exchange processes maintained by the kidneys, particularly the role of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) as an essential buffer system of the body. The review will be of interest to researchers in the fields of physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, which builds a strong foundation and critically evaluates existing studies. Our review helps identify the gaps of knowledge by thoroughly understanding the existing literature related to kidney acid-base homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gantsova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Serova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Vishnyakova
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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McKinzie SR, Kaverina N, Schweickart RA, Chaney CP, Eng DG, Pereira BMV, Kestenbaum B, Pippin JW, Wessely O, Shankland SJ. Podocytes from hypertensive and obese mice acquire an inflammatory, senescent, and aged phenotype. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F644-F660. [PMID: 38420674 PMCID: PMC11208020 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00417.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with hypertension or obesity can develop glomerular dysfunction characterized by injury and depletion of podocytes. To better understand the molecular processes involved, young mice were treated with either deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) or fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hypertension or obesity, respectively. The transcriptional changes associated with these phenotypes were measured by unbiased bulk mRNA sequencing of isolated podocytes from experimental models and their respective controls. Key findings were validated by immunostaining. In addition to a decrease in canonical proteins and reduced podocyte number, podocytes from both hypertensive and obese mice exhibited a sterile inflammatory phenotype characterized by increases in NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, protein cell death-1, and Toll-like receptor pathways. Finally, although the mice were young, podocytes in both models exhibited increased expression of senescence and aging genes, including genes consistent with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, there were differences between the hypertension- and obesity-associated senescence phenotypes. Both show stress-induced podocyte senescence characterized by increased p21 and p53. Moreover, in hypertensive mice, this is superimposed upon age-associated podocyte senescence characterized by increased p16 and p19. These results suggest that senescence, aging, and inflammation are critical aspects of the podocyte phenotype in experimental hypertension and obesity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension and obesity can lead to glomerular dysfunction in patients, causing podocyte injury and depletion. Here, young mice given deoxycorticosterone acetate or a high-fat diet to induce hypertension or obesity, respectively. mRNA sequencing of isolated podocytes showed transcriptional changes consistent with senescence, a senescent-associated secretory phenotype, and aging, which was confirmed by immunostaining. Ongoing studies are determining the mechanistic roles of the accelerated aging podocyte phenotype in experimental hypertension and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra R McKinzie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Natalya Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Christopher P Chaney
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Li X, Bhattacharya D, Yuan Y, Wei C, Zhong F, Ding F, D'Agati VD, Lee K, Friedman SL, He JC. Chronic kidney disease in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Kidney Int 2024; 105:540-561. [PMID: 38159678 PMCID: PMC10922588 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but causality and mechanisms linking these two major diseases are lacking. To assess whether NASH can induce CKD, we have characterized kidney function, histological features, transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles in a well-validated murine NASH model. Mice with NASH progressively developed significant podocyte foot process effacement, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, tubular epithelial cell injury, lipid accumulation, and interstitial fibrosis. The progression of kidney fibrosis paralleled the severity of the histologic NASH-activity score. Significantly, we confirmed the causal link between NASH and CKD by orthotopic liver transplantation, which attenuated proteinuria, kidney dysfunction, and fibrosis compared with control sham operated mice. Transcriptomic analysis of mouse kidney cortices revealed differentially expressed genes that were highly enriched in mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolic process, and insulin signaling pathways in NASH-induced CKD. Lipidomic analysis of kidney cortices further revealed that phospholipids and sphingolipids were the most significantly changed lipid species. Notably, we found similar kidney histological changes in human NASH and CKD. Thus, our results confirm a causative role of NASH in the development of CKD, reveal potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of NASH-induced kidney injury, and established a valuable model to study the pathogenesis of NASH-associated CKD. This is an important feature of fatty liver disease that has been largely overlooked but has clinical and prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Li
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yue Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Program, James J Peters VA Medical Center at Bronx, New York, New York, USA.
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4
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Eritja À, Caus M, Belmonte T, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, García-Carrasco A, Martinez A, Martínez M, Bozic M. microRNA Expression Profile in Obesity-Induced Kidney Disease Driven by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:691. [PMID: 38474819 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease; however, the precise molecular mechanisms leading to the onset of kidney injury and dysfunction in obesity-associated nephropathy remain unclear. The present study aimed to unveil the kidney microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in a model of obesity-induced kidney disease in C57BL/6J mice using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity led to notable structural alterations in tubular and glomerular regions of the kidney, increased renal expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, as well as an elevated renal expression of genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism. The miRNA sequencing analysis identified a set of nine miRNAs differentially expressed in the kidney upon HFD feeding, with miR-5099, miR-551b-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-146a-3p and miR-21a-3p showing the most significant differential expression between standard diet (STD) and HFD mice. A validation analysis showed that the expression levels of miR-5099, miR-551b-3p and miR-146a-3p were consistent with NGS results, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed that these three validated miRNAs modulated target genes involved in metabolic and adipocytokine pathways, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory, senescence and profibrotic pathways. Our results suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs play pivotal roles in the intricate pathophysiology of obesity-associated kidney disease and could potentially create novel treatment strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of obesity on kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maite Caus
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Thalia Belmonte
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Carrasco
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martínez
- Biostatistics Unit (Biostat), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
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Tanisha, Venkategowda S, Majumdar M. Response surface methodology based development of an optimized polyherbal formulation and evaluation of its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:70-81. [PMID: 38223811 PMCID: PMC10785265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The seeds of Nelumbo nucifera, Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica are known as super foods due to their various therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to develop an optimized polyherbal formulation from edible seeds aqueous extract and to evaluate its anti-diabetic and lipase inhibitory effect on diet-induced obese diabetic mice. Experimental procedure Response surface methodology based various formulations were evaluated for their potent anti-diabetic, lipase-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Acute toxicity of the best optimized formulation was conducted. The mice were fed a high fat diet for 10 weeks resulting in hyperglycemia and obesity. Oral tolerance tests (sucrose, starch and lipid) of the formulation were performed. The mice were supplemented with different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) of the formulation for 6 weeks. The body weight and blood glucose level were monitored on a weekly basis. Finally, histological alterations and lipid profiles were analysed. Results and conclusion The formulation containing equal concentration (1.5 mg/ml) of each seed extract showed maximum bioactivities. The formulation was found to be safe during toxicity assay. The tolerance tests supported the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the formulation significantly (p < 0.01) lowered elevated fasting blood glucose, lipid indices and ameliorated the histological alterations in liver, kidney and pancreas caused by high fat diet. We demonstrated for the first time that the developed aqueous extract optimized formulation possess anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential and thus could be used as adjuvant therapy for holistic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), #18/3, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560 011, India
| | - Sunil Venkategowda
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), #18/3, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560 011, India
| | - Mala Majumdar
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), #18/3, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560 011, India
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6
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Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
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7
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Palacios-Ramirez R, Lima-Posada I, Bonnard B, Genty M, Fernandez-Celis A, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Foufelle F, Lopez-Andres N, Bamberg K, Jaisser F. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents the Synergistic Effect of Metabolic Challenge and Chronic Kidney Disease on Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation in Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859812. [PMID: 35464084 PMCID: PMC9022039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and/or metabolic diseases are frequently associated with chronic kidney disease and several factors associated with obesity may contribute to proteinuria and extracellular matrix production. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have proven their clinical efficacy in diabetic kidney disease with preclinical data suggesting that they may also be efficient in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease associated to metabolic diseases. In the present study we developed a novel mouse model combining severe nephron reduction and High Fat Diet challenge that led to chronic kidney disease with metabolic alterations. We showed that the Mineralocorticoid Receptor antagonist canrenoate improved metabolic function, reduced albuminuria and prevented the synergistic effect of high fat diet on renal fibrosis and inflammation in chronic kidney disease mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Palacios-Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ixchel Lima-Posada
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bonnard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Genty
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amaya Fernandez-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Judith Hartleib-Geschwindner
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Lopez-Andres
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Krister Bamberg
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM Centre D’Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Frederic Jaisser,
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8
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George J, Zhang Y, Sloan J, Sims JM, Imig JD, Zhao X. Tim-1 Deficiency Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747794. [PMID: 34675931 PMCID: PMC8523998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with obesity and characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and liver inflammation. The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (Tim-1), also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr-1) and kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), has been shown to affect innate immunity-driven proinflammatory cascade in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, its contribution to obesity-related NAFLD/NASH remains unknown. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the role of Tim-1 in obesity-related liver inflammation and injury in wild-type (WT) and Tim-1-deficient (Tim-1-/-) C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5-6 months. HFD feeding induced steatosis and upregulated Tim-1 gene expression in the liver of WT mice. Surprisingly, Tim-1-/- mice on HFD diet exhibited an exacerbation of hepatic steatosis, accompanied with an elevation of protein levels of fatty acid translocase CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Tim-1 deficiency also enhanced HFD-induced liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by augmented increase in hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory factor lipocalin 2 and elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT). In addition, gene expression of type I, III and IV collagens and liver fibrosis were greatly enhanced in HFD Tim-1-/- mice compared with HFD WT mice. HFD-induced hepatic expression of YM-1, a specific mouse M2 macrophage marker, was further upregulated by deletion of Tim-1. Together, these results show that Tim-1 deficiency aggravates the effects of HFD diet on lipid accumulation and liver fibrosis, most likely through enhanced infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jacob Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joya M Sims
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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9
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Caus M, Eritja À, Bozic M. Role of microRNAs in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111416. [PMID: 34768854 PMCID: PMC8583993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health problem and is associated with a significant risk of renal function decline. Obesity-related nephropathy, as one of the complications of obesity, is characterized by a structural and functional damage of the kidney and represents one of the important contributors to the morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite increasing data linking hyperlipidemia and lipotoxicity to kidney injury, the apprehension of molecular mechanisms leading to a development of kidney damage is scarce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously produced small noncoding RNA molecules with an important function in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs have been demonstrated to be important regulators of a vast array of physiological and pathological processes in many organs, kidney being one of them. In this review, we present an overview of miRNAs, focusing on their functional role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated renal pathologies. We explain novel findings regarding miRNA-mediated signaling in obesity-related nephropathies and highlight advantages and future perspectives of the therapeutic application of miRNAs in renal diseases.
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10
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Saleh FA, Jaber H, Eid A. Effect of Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on multiple Organ Injuries in diet-induced obese mice. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1952150. [PMID: 34308754 PMCID: PMC8794509 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1952150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a complex disease involving the accumulation of body fat that can inflict a substantial risk to health due to the potent role it plays in the development of a series of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), kidney diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. Despite all efforts made, no therapy has succeeded in reversing the obesity pandemic and its associated diseases. Herein, the aim was to study the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on obesity-induced multi-organ injuries in a diet-induced obese mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with regular chow diet or high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity for 15 weeks after which the mice were administered two doses of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-treated groups) or media as control (media-treated groups). Animals were sacrificed and adipose, hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissues were obtained for histopathological evaluation. Mice on HFD showed excessive pathological alterations such as epididymal adipose tissue expansion, hepatic fat accumulation, glomerular swelling, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, treatment with ASCs significantly reversed the significant histopathological abnormalities induced by obesity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on obesity-associated complications such as NAFLD, CVD, and kidney disorders in a diet-induced obese animal model, which were partly due to the attenuation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A. Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Jaber
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Xia X, Wang X, Wang H, Lin Z, Shao K, Xu J, Zhao Y. Ameliorative effect of white tea from 50-year-old tree of Camellia sinensis L. (Theaceae) on kidney damage in diabetic mice via SIRT1/AMPK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113919. [PMID: 33577915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic kidney damage (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, which is known as a chronic inflammatory kidney disease caused by persistent hyperglycemia. White tea was originally used as a folk medicine to treat measles in ancient China. What arouses our interest is that there is a traditional method to treat diabetes with white tea taken from over 30-year-old tree of Camellia sinensis L. However, there are few reports on the renal protection of white tea. AIM OF THE STUDY This present study was designed to study the potential protective effects of white tea (WT) and old tree white tea (OTWT) on high-fat-diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice to explore the possible mechanism of WT/OTWT against DKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: NC, T2D, WT (400 mg/kg·b.w, p.o.), OTWT (400 mg/kg·b.w, p.o.). Diabetes was established in all groups except NC group, by six weeks of HFD feeding combined with STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 times, treatments were administered for six weeks and then all the animals were decapitated; kidney tissues and blood samples were collected for the further analysis, including: levels of insulin, lipid metabolism (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, FFA), antioxidative enzymes (catalase (CAT), super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, MCP-1), advanced glycation end products (AGE), receptor of AGE (RAGE), Nrf2, AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α. H&E, PAS and Masson staining were performed to examine the histopathological alterations of the kidneys. RESULTS Our data showed that WT and OTWT reversed the abnormal serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, FFA) in T2D mice, upregulated antioxidative enzymes levels (CAT, SOD, GPx) and inhibit the excessive production of proinflammatory mediators (including MCP-1, TNF-α, IL1β, COX-2 and iNOS) by varying degrees, and OTWT was more effective. In histopathology, OTWT could significantly alleviate the accumulation of renal AGE in T2D mice, thereby improving the structural changes of the kidneys, such as glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane thickening and kidney FIbrosis. CONCLUSIONS Both WT and OTWT could alleviate the diabetic changes in T2D mice via hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, while OTWT was more evident. OTWT could prominently alleviate the accumulation of AGE in the kidneys of T2D mice, thereby ameliorating the renal oxidative stress and inflammatory damage, which was associated with the activation of SIRT1/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China; School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xude Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhenchuan Lin
- Pinpin Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Fujian, 355200, China.
| | - Keping Shao
- Pinpin Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Fujian, 355200, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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12
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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Mougharbil N, Koubar S, Eid AH, Eid AA, El-Yazbi AF. Peri-renal adipose inflammation contributes to renal dysfunction in a non-obese prediabetic rat model: Role of anti-diabetic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114491. [PMID: 33647265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose. Here, we extend our prior research work implicating localized inflammation in specific adipose depots in initiating cardiovascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment. Non-obese prediabetic rats showed elevated glomerular filtration rates and mild proteinuria in absence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and signs of systemic inflammation. Isolated perfused kidneys from these rats showed impaired renovascular endothelial feedback in response to vasopressors and increased flow. While endothelium dependent dilation remained functional, renovascular relaxation in prediabetic rats was not mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins as in control tissues, but rather an upregulation of the function of epoxy eicosatrienoic acids was observed. This was coupled with signs of peri-renal adipose tissue (PRAT) inflammation and renal structural damage. A two-week treatment with non-hypoglycemic doses of metformin or pioglitazone, shown previously to ameliorate adipose inflammation, not only reversed PRAT inflammation in prediabetic rats, but also reversed the observed functional, renovascular, and structural renal abnormalities. The present results suggest that peri-renal adipose inflammation triggers renal dysfunction early in the course of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Koubar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt.
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13
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Kanthe PS, Patil BS, Das KK. Terminalia arjuna supplementation ameliorates high fat diet-induced oxidative stress in nephrotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:409-417. [PMID: 33743558 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress; also it makes deleterious effect on kidney functions and land up in lipotoxicity in renal tissue. Lipotoxicity is the pathological situation where lipid Peroxidation occurs and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS than antioxidant present in tissues cause oxidative stress. Terminalia arjuna is found to be potential antioxidant that counteract oxidative stress and possibly maintain glomerular integrity. METHODS Ethanolic extract of T. arjuna (ETO) was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as following; group 1-Control (20% fat); group 2 (ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt). Dietary and ETO supplementation were continued for 21 days. Gravimetric, kidney functions (blood urea and serum creatinine) and oxidative stress markers like MDA, SOD and GSH were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was done on kidney along with measurement of glomerular integrity. Morphometrical analysis of glomerular integrity was evaluated by measuring glomerular length, width, glomerular area and Bowman's capsule radius. One way ANOVA was done for analysis of data. RESULTS Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in high fat fed rats indicating renal dysfunction. High fat diet showed significant increase in MDA, decrease in SOD and GSH in rats fed with high fat diet, which indicate generation of oxidative stress. Supplementation of ETO showed amelioratic effect against high fat diet induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress. Histopathological findings were significantly corroborated with morphometrical analysis of glomerular integrity. CONCLUSIONS Ethanolic extracts of T. arjuna supplementation found to be beneficial against high fat induced renal alterations in terms of functions and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi S Kanthe
- Physiology, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kusal K Das
- Physiology, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
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14
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Pessentheiner AR, Ducasa GM, Gordts PLSM. Proteoglycans in Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction and Meta-Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:769. [PMID: 32508807 PMCID: PMC7248225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a specific subset of glycoproteins found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of proteins involved in metabolic homeostasis and meta-inflammation. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged on the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions in the context of diet-induced disorders such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. Complications of energy metabolism drive most diet-induced metabolic disorders, which results in low-grade chronic inflammation, thereby affecting proper function of many vital organs involved in energy homeostasis, such as the brain, liver, kidney, heart and adipose tissue. Here, we discuss how heparan, chondroitin and keratan sulfate proteoglycans modulate obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and low-grade inflammation that impact the initiation and progression of obesity-associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R. Pessentheiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - G. Michelle Ducasa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. S. M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Madduma Hewage S, Prashar S, Debnath SC, O K, Siow YL. Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokine Expression Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Kidney Injury: Role of Lingonberry Supplementation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:80. [PMID: 32292787 PMCID: PMC7119336 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a major stimulus for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals consuming high-fat diet. Currently, there are limited treatment options for CKD other than controlling the progression rate and its associated complications. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is rich in anthocyanins with demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect. In the current study, we investigated the potential renal protective effect of lingonberry and its anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) in high-fat diet fed obese mice and in human proximal tubular cells. Prolonged consumption of high-fat diets is strongly associated with obesity, abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. Mice (C57BL/6J) fed a high-fat diet (62% kcal fat) for 12 weeks developed renal injury as indicated by an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level as well as an increase in renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and renin expression. Those mice displayed an activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines-monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the kidneys. Mice fed a high-fat diet also had a significant elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma. Dietary supplementation of lingonberry for 12 weeks not only attenuated high-fat diet-induced renal inflammatory response but also reduced kidney injury. Such a treatment improved plasma lipid and glucose profiles, reduced plasma inflammatory cytokine levels but did not affect body weight gain induced by high-fat diet feeding. Lingonberry extract or its active component cyanidin-3-glucoside effectively inhibited palmitic acid-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in proximal tubular cells. These results suggest that lingonberry supplementation can reduce inflammatory response and prevent chronic kidney injury. Such a renal protective effect by lingonberry and its active component may be mediated, in part, through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susara Madduma Hewage
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Suvira Prashar
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samir C Debnath
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's Research and Development Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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16
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Andres-Hernando A, Lanaspa MA, Kuwabara M, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, Bales E, Garcia GE, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Sato Y, Johnson RJ. Obesity causes renal mitochondrial dysfunction and energy imbalance and accelerates chronic kidney disease in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F941-F948. [PMID: 31411075 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00203.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are well-known risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, less is known about the mechanism(s) by which metabolic syndrome might accelerate kidney disease. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome should accelerate the development of kidney disease and that it might be associated with alterations in energy metabolism. We studied the pound mouse (which develops early metabolic syndrome due to a leptin receptor deletion) and wild-type littermates and compared the level of renal injury and muscle wasting after equivalent injury with oral adenine. Renal function, histology, and biochemical analyses were performed. The presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with earlier development of renal disease (12 mo) and earlier mortality in pound mice compared with controls. After administration of adenine, kidney disease was worse in pound mice, and this was associated with greater tubular injury with a decrease in kidney mitochondria, lower tissue ATP levels, and worse oxidative stress. Pound mice with similar levels of renal function as adenine-treated wild-type mice also showed worse sarcopenia, with lower tissue ATP and intracellular phosphate levels. In summary, our data demonstrate that obesity and metabolic syndrome accelerate the progression of CKD and worsen CKD-dependent sarcopenia. Both conditions are associated with renal alterations in energy metabolism and lower tissue ATP levels secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced mitochondrial number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Andres-Hernando
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado.,Toranomon Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christina Cicerchi
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elise Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gabriela E Garcia
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Yuka Sato
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
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17
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Zhang LH, Zhu XY, Eirin A, Nargesi AA, Woollard JR, Santelli A, Sun IO, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Early podocyte injury and elevated levels of urinary podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in swine with metabolic syndrome: role of podocyte mitochondria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F12-F22. [PMID: 31042059 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00399.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with nutrient surplus and kidney hyperfiltration, accelerating chronic renal failure. The potential involvement of podocyte damage in early MetS remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important determinant of renal damage, but whether it contributes to MetS-related podocyte injury remains unknown. Domestic pigs were studied after 16 wk of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated with the mitochondria-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sc) for the last month of diet, and lean controls (n = 6 pigs/group). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured using multidetector computed tomography, and podocyte and mitochondrial injury were measured by light and electron microscopy. Urinary levels of podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs; nephrin positive/podocalyxin positive) were characterized by flow cytometry. Body weight, blood pressure, RBF, and GFR were elevated in MetS. Glomerular size and glomerular injury score were also elevated in MetS and decreased after ELAM treatment. Evidence of podocyte injury, impaired podocyte mitochondria, and foot process width were all increased in MetS but restored with ELAM. The urinary concentration of pEVs was elevated in MetS pigs and directly correlated with renal dysfunction, glomerular injury, and fibrosis and inversely correlated with glomerular nephrin expression. Additionally, pEV numbers were elevated in the urine of obese compared with lean human patients. Early MetS induces podocyte injury and mitochondrial damage, which can be blunted by mitoprotection. Urinary pEVs reflecting podocyte injury might represent early markers of MetS-related kidney disease and a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Santelli
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - In O Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Du H, Wang Q, Yang X. Fu Brick Tea Alleviates Chronic Kidney Disease of Rats with High Fat Diet Consumption through Attenuating Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2839-2847. [PMID: 30829482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fu brick tea is a unique post-fermented dark tea product which undergoes controlled fermentation by "golden flower" fungus Eurotium cristatum. This study examined the effects of Fu brick tea aqueous extract (FTE) to alleviate insulin resistance, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its regulatory mechanism in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Sixteen-week administration of FTE at 400 mg/kg bw in rats significantly antagonized HFD-induced insulin resistance and CKD with elevations in serum leptin, TC, TG, LDL-C, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and creatinine levels, respectively ( p < 0.05). FTE treatment decreased the glomerular area, the thickness of basement membrane of renal tubules, and kidney fibrosis in HFD-fed rats. FTE alleviated insulin resistance through down-regulation of SIRP-α expression and activation of the insulin signaling Akt/GLUT4, FoxO1, and mTOR/S6K1 pathways in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, FTE prevented the HFD-caused kidney dysfunction and lipid or collagen accumulation, which was accompanied by the inhibition of GSK-3β phosphorylation and the action of PI3K/Akt and nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in kidney. These results indicated that FTE alleviated insulin resistance and CKD through modulating insulin signal transduction cascades in skeletal muscle and enhanced the Nrf2 expression in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Du
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
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19
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Aerobic exercise training prevents kidney lipid deposition in mice fed a cafeteria diet. Life Sci 2018; 211:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Kruger C, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Nguyen TT, Salbaum JM, Stadler K. Lipid peroxidation regulates podocyte migration and cytoskeletal structure through redox sensitive RhoA signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 16:248-254. [PMID: 29547847 PMCID: PMC5854917 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early podocyte loss is characteristic of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in obesity and diabetes. Since treatments for hyperglycemia and hypertension do not prevent podocyte loss, there must be additional factors causing podocyte depletion. The role of oxidative stress has been implicated in CKD but it is not known how exactly free radicals affect podocyte physiology. To assess this relationship, we investigated the effects of lipid radicals on podocytes, as lipid peroxidation is a major form of oxidative stress in diabetes. We found that lipid radicals govern changes in podocyte homeostasis through redox sensitive RhoA signaling: lipid radicals inhibit migration and cause loss of F-actin fibers. These effects were prevented by mutating the redox sensitive cysteines of RhoA. We therefore suggest that in diseases associated with increased lipid peroxidation, lipid radicals can determine podocyte function with potentially pathogenic consequences for kidney physiology. Lipid peroxyl radicals impact podocyte motility and cytoskeletal F-actin arrangement. Lipid peroxyl radicals activate the small GTPase RhoA. When the Cys residues of RhoA are mutated, lipid peroxyl radicals do not affect podocytes. Lipid peroxidation likely contributes to podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kruger
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Islet Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA.
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21
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Konopelniuk VV, Goloborodko II, Ishchuk TV, Synelnyk TB, Ostapchenko LI, Spivak MY, Bubnov RV. Efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite on renal dysfunction and endogenous intoxication in high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model-comparative study. EPMA J 2017; 8:377-390. [PMID: 29209440 PMCID: PMC5700020 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide obesity spread is a global health problem and needs to be further studied. Co-morbidities of obesity include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, and dyslipidemia, which are the most frequent contributing factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. The aim was to study renal function and endogenous intoxication panel on high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model and perform comparative study of the treatment efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite vs antiobesogenic drugs (Orlistat). MATERIALS We included 60 male rats and equally divided them to 6 groups of 10 animals in each group: the experimental groups were firstly assigned as controls and high caloric diet (HCD)-fed groups, and each group further was subdivided to remain untreated, Fenugreek bionanocomposite (BNC)-treated, and Orlistat-treated. Normal control rats (groups 1, 2, 3) were fed by a standard chow, while the others (groups 4, 5, 6) were fed with HCD ad libitum during 98 days. From days 77 to 98, groups 2 and 5 were treated with BNC based on Fenugreek (150 mg/kg body weight, orally) and groups 3 and 6 were treated with antiobesogenic drug Orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight, orally). Food and water consumptions were measured daily and body weights were measured once a week. On day 99, blood was collected; the creatinine, urea, and uric acid were estimated in serum according to the standard protocols. Levels of low and middle molecules (MMs) were measured; the quantity of oligopeptides was estimated by Bradford method. We performed the liver and kidney ultrasonography in rats. RESULTS We revealed an increase in the levels of endogenous intoxication syndrome markers (MM and oligopeptides) in all animals with experimental obesity. Ultrasound data showed injury of the liver and kidneys in obese rats. We observed significant decreasing of MM levels after Orlistat treatment vs controls (p < 0.05). However, this effect was more pronounced in Fenugreek BNC-treated group vs both Orlistat-treated and controls (p < 0.05). Orlistat treatment evoked rising of serum creatinine and oligopeptides in control animals and failed to normalize these markers in experimental group. Fenugreek-based BNC treatment did not evoke signs of kidney failure and changes in the studied indices in control group. We noticed normalization levels of uric acid and urea in the blood under the use of BNC and Orlistat. CONCLUSION High-calorie diet-induced obesity evokes endogenous intoxication syndrome and kidney dysfunction in rats. Application of Orlistat- and Fenugreek-based BNC decreases MM content to the normal level. Orlistat induces increasing levels of oligopeptides in both groups, likely due to adverse side effects on renal function and its pro-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Konopelniuk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Ievgenii I. Goloborodko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Tetyana V. Ishchuk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Tetyana B. Synelnyk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Ludmila I. Ostapchenko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya. Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
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22
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Glastras SJ, Chen H, Tsang M, Teh R, McGrath RT, Zaky A, Chen J, Wong MG, Pollock CA, Saad S. The renal consequences of maternal obesity in offspring are overwhelmed by postnatal high fat diet. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172644. [PMID: 28225809 PMCID: PMC5321436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Developmental programming induced by maternal obesity influences the development of chronic disease in offspring. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether maternal obesity exaggerates obesity-related kidney disease. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to normal chow or HFD. At postnatal Week 8, HFD-fed offspring were administered one dose streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle control. Metabolic parameters and renal functional and structural changes were observed at postnatal Week 32. RESULTS HFD-fed offspring had increased adiposity, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidaemia, associated with increased albuminuria and serum creatinine levels. Their kidneys displayed structural changes with increased levels of fibrotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. STZ administration did not potentiate the renal effects of HFD. Though maternal obesity had a sustained effect on serum creatinine and oxidative stress markers in lean offspring, the renal consequences of maternal obesity were overwhelmed by the powerful effect of diet-induced obesity. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity portends significant risks for metabolic and renal health in adult offspring. However, diet-induced obesity is an overwhelming and potent stimulus for the development of CKD that is not potentiated by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Glastras
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Teh
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel T. McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Bisgaard LS, Bosteen MH, Fink LN, Sørensen CM, Rosendahl A, Mogensen CK, Rasmussen SE, Rolin B, Nielsen LB, Pedersen TX. Liraglutide Reduces Both Atherosclerosis and Kidney Inflammation in Moderately Uremic LDLr-/- Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168396. [PMID: 27992511 PMCID: PMC5161477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to uremia. CKD is characterized by a gradual increase in kidney fibrosis and loss of kidney function, which is associated with a progressive increase in risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular death. To prevent progression of both kidney fibrosis and atherosclerosis in uremic settings, insight into new treatment options with effects on both parameters is warranted. The GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves glucose homeostasis, and is approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Animal studies suggest that GLP-1 also dampens inflammation and atherosclerosis. Our aim was to examine effects of liraglutide on kidney fibrosis and atherosclerosis in a mouse model of moderate uremia (5/6 nephrectomy (NX)). Uremic (n = 29) and sham-operated (n = 14) atherosclerosis-prone low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were treated with liraglutide (1000 μg/kg, s.c. once daily) or vehicle for 13 weeks. As expected, uremia increased aortic atherosclerosis. In the remnant kidneys from NX mice, flow cytometry revealed an increase in the number of monocyte-like cells (CD68+F4/80-), CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells, suggesting that moderate uremia induced kidney inflammation. Furthermore, markers of fibrosis (i.e. Col1a1 and Col3a1) were upregulated, and histological examinations showed increased glomerular diameter in NX mice. Importantly, liraglutide treatment attenuated atherosclerosis (~40%, p < 0.05) and reduced kidney inflammation in NX mice. There was no effect of liraglutide on expression of fibrosis markers and/or kidney histology. This study suggests that liraglutide has beneficial effects in a mouse model of moderate uremia by reducing atherosclerosis and attenuating kidney inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line S. Bisgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Markus H. Bosteen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bidda Rolin
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja X. Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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24
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Østergaard MV, Pinto V, Stevenson K, Worm J, Fink LN, Coward RJM. DBA2J db/db mice are susceptible to early albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis that correlate with systemic insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F312-F321. [PMID: 27852608 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00451.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure in the world. To understand important mechanisms underlying this condition, and to develop new therapies, good animal models are required. In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, the DBA/2J strain has been shown to be more susceptible to develop kidney disease than other common strains. We hypothesized this would also be the case in type 2 diabetes. We studied db/db and wild-type (wt) DBA/2J mice and compared these with the db/db BLKS/J mouse, which is currently the most widely used type 2 DN model. Mice were analyzed from age 6 to 12 wk for systemic insulin resistance, albuminuria, and glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Body weight and nonfasted blood glucose were increased by 8 wk in both genders, while systemic insulin resistance commenced by 6 wk in female and 8 wk in male db/db DBA/2J mice. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was closely linked to systemic insulin resistance in both sexes and was increased ~50-fold by 12 wk of age in the db/db DBA/2J cohort. Glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and glomerular basement membrane thickening were observed at 12 wk of age in db/db DBA/2J mice. Compared with db/db BLKS/J mice, db/db DBA/2J mice had significantly increased levels of urinary ACR, but similar glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. The db/db DBA/2J mouse is a robust model of early-stage albuminuric DN, and its levels of albuminuria correlate closely with systemic insulin resistance. This mouse model will be helpful in defining early mechanisms of DN and ultimately the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette V Østergaard
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark.,Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Vanda Pinto
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kirsty Stevenson
- Department of Biochemistry, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Worm
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
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25
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Martinez-Martinez E, Ibarrola J, Calvier L, Fernandez-Celis A, Leroy C, Cachofeiro V, Rossignol P, Lopez-Andres N. Galectin-3 Blockade Reduces Renal Fibrosis in Two Normotensive Experimental Models of Renal Damage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166272. [PMID: 27829066 PMCID: PMC5102450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is increased in kidney injury and its pharmacological blockade reduces renal damage in acute kidney injury, hyperaldosteronism or hypertensive nephropathy. We herein investigated the effects of pharmacological Gal-3 inhibition by modified citrus pectin (MCP) in early renal damage associated with obesity and aortic stenosis (AS). Results Gal-3 was upregulated in kidneys from high fat diet (HFD) rats and in animals with partial occlusion of ascending aorta (AS). Urinary and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and urinary albumin were enhanced in HFD and AS rats. In kidney from obese rats, fibrotic markers (collagen, TFG-β), epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules (α-smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin), inflammatory mediator (osteopontin) and kidney injury marker (kidney injury molecule-1) were modified. In kidney from AS rats, fibrotic markers (collagen, CTGF), epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules (fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, β-catenin, E-cadherin) and kidney injury markers (NGAL, kidney injury molecule-1) were altered. Histologic observations of obese and AS rat kidneys revealed tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 with MCP normalized renal Gal-3 levels as well as functional, histological and molecular alterations in obese and AS rats. Conclusions In experimental models of mild kidney damage, the increase in renal Gal-3 expression paralleled with renal fibrosis, inflammation and damage, while these alterations were prevented by Gal-3 blockade. These data suggest that Gal-3 could be a new player in renal molecular, histological and functional alterations at early stages of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Martinez-Martinez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaime Ibarrola
- Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laurent Calvier
- INSERM, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Amaya Fernandez-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celine Leroy
- INSERM, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- INSERM, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Natalia Lopez-Andres
- Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- INSERM, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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26
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Szeto HH, Liu S, Soong Y, Alam N, Prusky GT, Seshan SV. Protection of mitochondria prevents high-fat diet–induced glomerulopathy and proximal tubular injury. Kidney Int 2016; 90:997-1011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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A high-fat diet differentially regulates glutathione phenotypes in the obesity-prone mouse strains DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1316-1324. [PMID: 27866830 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is a critical component of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Tissue GSH concentrations and redox status (GSH/GSSG) are genetically controlled, but it is unclear whether interactions between genetic background and diet affect GSH homeostasis. The current study tested the hypothesis that a high-fat diet regulates GSH homeostasis in a manner dependent on genetic background. At 4 months of age, female mice representing 3 obesity-prone inbred strains-C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), and AKR/J (AKR)-were randomly assigned to consume a control (10% energy from fat) or high-fat (62% energy from fat) diet for 10 weeks (n=5/diet per strain). Tissue GSH levels, GSSG levels, and GSH/GSSG were quantified, and hepatic expression of GSH-related enzymes was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The high-fat diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in D2 mice. In contrast, B6 mice exhibited a decrease in GSSG levels in the liver and kidney, as well as a resultant increase in renal GSH/GSSG. AKR mice also exhibited increased renal GSH/GSSG on a high-fat diet. Finally, the high-fat diet induced a unique gene expression response in D2 mice compared with B6 and AKR. The D2 response was characterized by up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and down-regulation of glutathione reductase, whereas the B6 and AKR responses were characterized by up-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 1. Two-way analysis of variance analyses confirmed several diet-strain interactions within the GSH system, and linear regression models highlighted relationships between body mass and GSH outcomes as well. Overall, our data indicate that dietary fat regulates the GSH system in a strain-dependent manner.
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Floyd ZE, Gawronska-Kozak B, Tam CS, Gimble JM. Mechanisms of metabolism, aging and obesity. Biochimie 2016; 124:1-2. [PMID: 26995405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Charmaine S Tam
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Tulane University School of Medicine and LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Arany I, Hall S, Reed DK, Reed CT, Dixit M. Nicotine Enhances High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Kidney. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:1628-34. [PMID: 26896163 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Life expectancy of an obese smoker is 13 years less than a normal weight smoker, which could be linked to the increased renal risk imposed by smoking. Both smoking-through nicotine (NIC)-and obesity-by free fatty acid overload-provoke oxidative stress in the kidney, which ultimately results in development of chronic kidney injury. Their combined renal risk, however, is virtually unknown. We tested the hypothesis that chronic NIC exposure worsens renal oxidative stress in mice on high-fat diet (HFD) by altering the balance between expression of pro-oxidant and antioxidant genes. METHODS Nine-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice consumed normal diet (ND) or HFD and received either NIC (200 μg/ml) or vehicle (2% saccharine) in their drinking water. Body weight, plasma clinical parameters, renal lipid deposition, markers of renal oxidative stress and injury, as well as renal expression of the pro-oxidant p66shc and the antioxidant MnSOD were determined after 12 weeks. RESULTS NIC significantly augmented levels of circulating free fatty acid, as well as lipid deposition, oxidative stress and sublethal injury in the kidneys of mice on HFD. In addition, NIC exposure suppressed HFD-mediated induction of MnSOD while increased expression of p66shc in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking or the increasingly popular E-cigarettes-via NIC exposure-could worsen obesity-associated lipotoxicity in the kidney. Hence, our findings could help to develop strategies that mitigate adverse effects of NIC on the obese kidney. IMPLICATIONS Life expectancy of an obese smoker is 13 years less than a normal weight smoker, which could be linked to the increased renal risk imposed by smoking. NIC-the main component of tobacco smoke, E-cigarettes and replacement therapies-links smoking to renal injury via oxidative stress, which could superimpose renal oxidative stress caused by obesity. Our results substantiate this scenario using a mouse model of diet induced obesity and NIC exposure and imply the augmented long-term renal risk in obese smokers. Also, our study may help to develop strategies that mitigate adverse effects of NIC on the obese kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Arany
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS;
| | - Samuel Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Dustin K Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Caitlyn T Reed
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Mehul Dixit
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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