1
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Rai AK, Sawasato K, Bennett HC, Kozlova A, Sparagna GC, Bogdanov M, Mitchell AM. Genetic evidence for functional diversification of gram-negative intermembrane phospholipid transporters. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011335. [PMID: 38913742 PMCID: PMC11226057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is a barrier to chemical and physical stress. Phospholipid transport between the inner and outer membranes has been an area of intense investigation and, in E. coli K-12, it has recently been shown to be mediated by YhdP, TamB, and YdbH, which are suggested to provide hydrophobic channels for phospholipid diffusion, with YhdP and TamB playing the major roles. However, YhdP and TamB have different phenotypes suggesting distinct functions. It remains unclear whether these functions are related to phospholipid metabolism. We investigated a synthetic cold sensitivity caused by deletion of fadR, a transcriptional regulator controlling fatty acid degradation and unsaturated fatty acid production, and yhdP, but not by ΔtamB ΔfadR or ΔydbH ΔfadR. Deletion of tamB recuses the ΔyhdP ΔfadR cold sensitivity further demonstrating the phenotype is related to functional diversification between these genes. The ΔyhdP ΔfadR strain shows a greater increase in cardiolipin upon transfer to the non-permissive temperature and genetically lowering cardiolipin levels can suppress cold sensitivity. These data also reveal a qualitative difference between cardiolipin synthases in E. coli, as deletion of clsA and clsC suppresses cold sensitivity but deletion of clsB does not. Moreover, increased fatty acid saturation is necessary for cold sensitivity and lowering this level genetically or through supplementation of oleic acid suppresses the cold sensitivity of the ΔyhdP ΔfadR strain. Together, our data clearly demonstrate that the diversification of function between YhdP and TamB is related to phospholipid metabolism. Although indirect regulatory effects are possible, we favor the parsimonious hypothesis that YhdP and TamB have differential phospholipid-substrate transport preferences. Thus, our data provide a potential mechanism for independent control of the phospholipid composition of the inner and outer membranes in response to changing conditions based on regulation of abundance or activity of YhdP and TamB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K. Rai
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katsuhiro Sawasato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haley C. Bennett
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anastasiia Kozlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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2
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Kaur M, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Maintenance of bacterial outer membrane lipid asymmetry: insight into MlaA. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38802775 PMCID: PMC11131202 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective barrier to protect against toxic compounds. By nature, the OM is asymmetric with the highly packed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the outer leaflet and glycerophospholipids at the inner leaflet. OM asymmetry is maintained by the Mla system, in which is responsible for the retrograde transport of glycerophospholipids from the OM to the inner membrane. This system is comprised of six Mla proteins, including MlaA, an OM lipoprotein involved in the removal of glycerophospholipids that are mis-localized at the outer leaflet of the OM. Interestingly, MlaA was initially identified - and called VacJ - based on its role in the intracellular spreading of Shigella flexneri.Many open questions remain with respect to the Mla system and the mechanism involved in the translocation of mislocated glycerophospholipids at the outer leaflet of the OM, by MlaA. After summarizing the current knowledge on MlaA, we focus on the impact of mlaA deletion on OM lipid composition and biophysical properties of the OM. How changes in OM lipid composition and biophysical properties can impact the generation of membrane vesicles and membrane permeability is discussed. Finally, we explore whether and how MlaA might be a candidate for improving the activity of antibiotics and as a vaccine candidate.Efforts dedicated to understanding the relationship between the OM lipid composition and the mechanical strength of the bacterial envelope and, in turn, how such properties act against external stress, are needed for the design of new targets or drugs for Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, B1.73.05; 73 Av E. Mounier, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - M-P Mingeot-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, B1.73.05; 73 Av E. Mounier, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
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3
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Rai AK, Sawasato K, Bennett HC, Kozlova A, Sparagna GC, Bogdanov M, Mitchell AM. Genetic evidence for functional diversification of gram-negative intermembrane phospholipid transporters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.21.545913. [PMID: 37745482 PMCID: PMC10515749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is a barrier to chemical and physical stress. Phospholipid transport between the inner and outer membranes has been an area of intense investigation and, in E. coli K-12, it has recently been shown to be mediated by YhdP, TamB, and YdbH, which are suggested to provide hydrophobic channels for phospholipid diffusion, with YhdP and TamB playing the major roles. However, YhdP and TamB have different phenotypes suggesting distinct functions. We investigated these functions using synthetic cold sensitivity (at 30 °C) caused by deletion of yhdP and fadR, a transcriptional regulator controlling fatty acid degradation and unsaturated fatty acid production, but not by ΔtamB ΔfadR or ΔydbH ΔfadR,. Deletion of tamB suppresses the ΔyhdP ΔfadR cold sensitivity suggesting this phenotype is related to phospholipid transport. The ΔyhdP ΔfadR strain shows a greater increase in cardiolipin upon transfer to the non-permissive temperature and genetically lowering cardiolipin levels can suppress cold sensitivity. These data also reveal a qualitative difference between cardiolipin synthases in E. coli, as deletion of clsA and clsC suppresses cold sensitivity but deletion of clsB does not despite lower cardiolipin levels. In addition to increased cardiolipin, increased fatty acid saturation is necessary for cold sensitivity and lowering this level genetically or through supplementation of oleic acid suppresses the cold sensitivity of the ΔyhdP ΔfadR strain. Although indirect effects are possible, we favor the parsimonious hypothesis that YhdP and TamB have differential substrate transport preferences, most likely with YhdP preferentially transporting more saturated phospholipids and TamB preferentially transporting more unsaturated phospholipids. We envision cardiolipin contributing to this transport preference by sterically clogging TamB-mediated transport of saturated phospholipids. Thus, our data provide a potential mechanism for independent control of the phospholipid composition of the inner and outer membranes in response to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K. Rai
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Sawasato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haley C. Bennett
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anastasiia Kozlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angela M. Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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4
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Bernat P, Jasińska A, Niedziałkowska K, Słaba M, Różalska S, Paraszkiewicz K, Sas-Paszt L, Heipieper HJ. Adaptation of the metolachlor-degrading fungus Trichoderma harzianum to the simultaneous presence of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115656. [PMID: 37944463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that microplastics (MPs) in soils cause a threat to this complex environment, the actual effects of MPs on soil microorganisms and their catabolic activities, particularly with the biodegradation of herbicides, remain unclear. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous presence of metolachlor and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics on growth inhibition and adaptive responses of Trichoderma harzianum in soil microcosms. Using ergosterol content as an indicator of fungal biomass, it was observed that MPs alone had a marginal inhibitory effect on the growth of the fungus, whereas MET exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on T. harzianum. However, the presence of MPs did not influence the fungal transforming activity toward the herbicide. Conversely, analysis of lipid profiles in the presence of MPs and herbicides revealed a reduction in the overall fluidity of phospholipid fatty acids, primarily attributed to an increase in lysophospholipids. The activities of six extracellular enzymes in the soil, measured using methylumbelliferone-linked substrates, were significantly enhanced in the presence of MET. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the alterations in fungal activity in soil resulting from the influence of MPs and MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Bernat
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Jasińska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedziałkowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Sas-Paszt
- Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Lin Z, Wang G, Zhang K, Jiang S, Li S, Yang H. Metabolomics investigation of global responses of Cronobacter sakazakii against common sanitizing in infant formula processing environments. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113162. [PMID: 37689917 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunistic bacterium, has raised a serious outbreak in powdered infant formula recent years. In this work, four sanitizing strategies used during infant formula processing, including chlorine, quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC), 60 °C heating, and malic acid (MA), were utilized against C. sakazakii among planktonic, air-dried (A), and air-dried & washed (AW) state, followed by an exploration of the metabolic responses induced by these treatments via a dual-platform metabolomics analysis with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. In the planktonic state, MA was the most effective in inhibiting bacterial growth, followed by chlorine, QAC, and 60 °C heating. Under A state, the efficacy of heating improved considerably, compared to that in the planktonic state, and remained unaltered under AW state. Chlorine and QAC were ineffective to control bacterial growth under A state, but their efficacy rose under AW state. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis revealed chlorine induces amino acids catabolism, membrane lysis, and depression in carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism in both planktonic and AW states, while the initiation of antioxidation mechanism was only found under AW state. Although the metabolic change caused by QAC in the planktonic state was similar to chlorine, the accumulation of osmoprotectant and membrane phospholipids within the AW cells reflected the effort to restore intracellular homeostasis upon QAC. Heating was characterized by considerable amino acid anabolism, along with mildly perturbed carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism for heat shock protein preparation in both states. Lastly, MA promoted amino acid-dependent acid resistance under the planktonic state, and the regulation of antioxidation and osmoprotection under AW state. The metabolomics study elucidated the intracellular perturbation induced by common sanitizing, as well as the bacterial response, which provides insights for novel sanitization development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejia Lin
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Guoshu Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shaoqian Jiang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Songshen Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang 312000, China
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6
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Wamer N, Morse CN, Gadient JN, Dodson TA, Carlson EA, Prestwich EG. Comparison of Small Biomolecule Ionization and Fragmentation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Common MALDI Matrices. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:355-365. [PMID: 36696681 PMCID: PMC9983012 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Different bacterial cell surface associated biomolecules can be analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and coupled with collision induced dissociation (CID) for identification. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic, Gram-negative bacterium that causes acute or chronic biofilm infections. Cells of P. aeruginosa communicate through a system of signaling biomolecules known as quorum sensing (QS). The QS system can result in the production of biosurfactant rhamnolipids known to associate and alter the cellular membrane. MALDI-TOF utilizes a variety of matrices that can interact differently with biomolecules for selective ionization. We examined six common matrices to determine the optimal matrix specific to different molecule classes in P. aeruginosa associated with cell surfaces. Three major molecule classes (quinolones, rhamnolipids, and phospholipids) were observed to ionize selectively with the different matrices tested. Sodiated and protonated adducts differed between matrices utilized in our study. Isobaric ions were identified as different molecule classes depending on the matrix used. We highlight the role of matrix selection in MALDI-TOF identification of molecules within a complex biological mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
C. Wamer
- Department
of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Chase N. Morse
- Department
of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Gadient
- The
College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, NSM Instrumentation Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Taylor A. Dodson
- Department
of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Eric A. Carlson
- Department
of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Erin G. Prestwich
- Department
of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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7
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Cao X, van Putten JPM, Wösten MMSM. Biological functions of bacterial lysophospholipids. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 82:129-154. [PMID: 36948653 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are lipid-derived metabolic intermediates in the cell membrane. The biological functions of LPLs are distinct from their corresponding phospholipids. In eukaryotic cells LPLs are important bioactive signaling molecules that regulate many important biological processes, but in bacteria the function of LPLs is still not fully defined. Bacterial LPLs are usually present in cells in very small amounts, but can strongly increase under certain environmental conditions. In addition to their basic function as precursors in membrane lipid metabolism, the formation of distinct LPLs contributes to the proliferation of bacteria under harsh circumstances or may act as signaling molecules in bacterial pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biological functions of bacterial LPLs including lysoPE, lysoPA, lysoPC, lysoPG, lysoPS and lysoPI in bacterial adaptation, survival, and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Paulucci NS, Cesari AB, Biasutti MA, Dardanelli MS, Perillo MA. Membrane Homeoviscous Adaptation in Sinorhizobium Submitted to a Stressful Thermal Cycle Contributes to the Maintenance of the Symbiotic Plant–Bacteria Interaction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652477. [PMID: 34975776 PMCID: PMC8718912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we estimate fast changes in the fluidity of Sinorhizobium meliloti membranes submitted to cyclic temperature changes (10°C–40°C–10°C) by monitoring the fluorescence polarization (P) of DPH and TMA-DPH of the whole cell (WC) as well as in its outer (OM) and inner (IM) membranes. Additionally, the long-term response to thermal changes is demonstrated through the dynamics of the phospholipid and fatty acid composition in each membrane. This allowed membrane homeoviscous adaptation by the return to optimal fluidity levels as measured by the PDPH/TMA-DPH in WC, OM, IM, and multilamellar vesicles of lipids extracted from OM and IM. Due to probe-partitioning preferences and membranes’ compositional characteristics, DPH and TMA-DPH exhibit different behaviors in IM and OM. The rapid effect of cyclic temperature changes on the P was the opposite in both membranes with the IM being the one that exhibited the thermal behavior expected for lipid bilayers. Interestingly, only after the incubation at 40°C, cells were unable to recover the membrane preheating P levels when cooled up to 10°C. Solely in this condition, the formation of threads and nodular structures in Medicago sativa infected with S. meliloti were delayed, indicating that the symbiotic interaction was partially altered but not halted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soledad Paulucci
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Natalia Soledad Paulucci,
| | - Adriana Belén Cesari
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - María Alicia Biasutti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Marta Susana Dardanelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Marta Susana Dardanelli,
| | - María Angélica Perillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- María Angélica Perillo,
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9
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Coones RT, Green RJ, Frazier RA. Investigating lipid headgroup composition within epithelial membranes: a systematic review. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6773-6786. [PMID: 34212942 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid composition is often quoted within the literature, but with very little insight into how or why these compositions vary when compared to other biological membranes. One prominent area that lacks understanding in terms of rationale for lipid variability is the human gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). We have carried out a comprehensive systematic literature search to ascertain the key lipid components of epithelial membranes, with a particular focus on addressing the human GIT and to use compositional data to understand structural aspects of biological membranes. Both bacterial outer membranes and the human erythrocyte membrane were used as a comparison for the mammalian [epithelial] membranes and to understand variations in lipid presence. We show that phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid types tend to dominate (33%) with phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and cholesterol having very similar abundances (25 and 23% respectively). This systematic review presents a detailed insight into lipid headgroup composition and roles in various membrane types, with a summary of the distinction between the major lipid bilayer forming lipids and how peripheral lipids regulate charge and fluidity. The variety of lipids present in biological membranes is discussed and rationalised in terms function as well as cellular position.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Coones
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK.
| | - R J Green
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK.
| | - R A Frazier
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK.
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10
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Bakholdina SI, Stenkova AM, Bystritskaya EP, Sidorin EV, Kim NY, Menchinskaya ES, Gorpenchenko TY, Aminin DL, Shved NA, Solov’eva TF. Studies on the Structure and Properties of Membrane Phospholipase A 1 Inclusion Bodies Formed at Low Growth Temperatures Using GFP Fusion Strategy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133936. [PMID: 34203222 PMCID: PMC8271855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cultivation temperatures (37, 26, and 18 °C) on the conformational quality of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis phospholipase A1 (PldA) in inclusion bodies (IBs) was studied using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a folding reporter. GFP was fused to the C-terminus of PldA to form the PldA-GFP chimeric protein. It was found that the maximum level of fluorescence and expression of the chimeric protein is observed in cells grown at 18 °C, while at 37 °C no formation of fluorescently active forms of PldA-GFP occurs. The size, stability in denaturant solutions, and enzymatic and biological activity of PldA-GFP IBs expressed at 18 °C, as well as the secondary structure and arrangement of protein molecules inside the IBs, were studied. Solubilization of the chimeric protein from IBs in urea and SDS is accompanied by its denaturation. The obtained data show the structural heterogeneity of PldA-GFP IBs. It can be assumed that compactly packed, properly folded, proteolytic resistant, and structurally less organized, susceptible to proteolysis polypeptides can coexist in PldA-GFP IBs. The use of GFP as a fusion partner improves the conformational quality of PldA, but negatively affects its enzymatic activity. The PldA-GFP IBs are not toxic to eukaryotic cells and have the property to penetrate neuroblastoma cells. Data presented in the work show that the GFP-marker can be useful not only as target protein folding indicator, but also as a tool for studying the molecular organization of IBs, their morphology, and localization in E. coli, as well as for visualization of IBs interactions with eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Bakholdina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.B.); (T.F.S.); Tel.: +7-423-231-11-58 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.); Fax: +7-423-231-40-50 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.)
| | - Anna M. Stenkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, FEFU Campus, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island Ajax Bay 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.M.S.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Evgenia P. Bystritskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Sidorin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Natalya Yu. Kim
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Tatiana Yu. Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Nikita A. Shved
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, FEFU Campus, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island Ajax Bay 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.M.S.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Tamara F. Solov’eva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.B.); (T.F.S.); Tel.: +7-423-231-11-58 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.); Fax: +7-423-231-40-50 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.)
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11
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Fabri JHTM, de Sá NP, Malavazi I, Del Poeta M. The dynamics and role of sphingolipids in eukaryotic organisms upon thermal adaptation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101063. [PMID: 32888959 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All living beings have an optimal temperature for growth and survival. With the advancement of global warming, the search for understanding adaptive processes to climate changes has gained prominence. In this context, all living beings monitor the external temperature and develop adaptive responses to thermal variations. These responses ultimately change the functioning of the cell and affect the most diverse structures and processes. One of the first structures to detect thermal variations is the plasma membrane, whose constitution allows triggering of intracellular signals that assist in the response to temperature stress. Although studies on this topic have been conducted, the underlying mechanisms of recognizing thermal changes and modifying cellular functioning to adapt to this condition are not fully understood. Recently, many reports have indicated the participation of sphingolipids (SLs), major components of the plasma membrane, in the regulation of the thermal stress response. SLs can structurally reinforce the membrane or/and send signals intracellularly to control numerous cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton polarization, cell cycle arresting and fungal virulence. In this review, we discuss how SLs synthesis changes during both heat and cold stresses, focusing on fungi, plants, animals and human cells. The role of lysophospholipids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Tadini Marilhano Fabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nivea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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12
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Cao X, Brouwers JFHM, van Dijk L, van de Lest CHA, Parker CT, Huynh S, van Putten JPM, Kelly DJ, Wösten MMSM. The Unique Phospholipidome of the Enteric Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni: Lysophosholipids Are Required for Motility at Low Oxygen Availability. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5244-5258. [PMID: 32710984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to changes in their environment bacteria need to change both their protein and phospholipid repertoire to match environmental requirements, but the dynamics of bacterial phospholipid composition under different growth conditions is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the phospholipidome of the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Transcription profiling on logarithmic and stationary phase grown cells of the microaerophilic human pathogen C. jejuni using RNA-seq revealed differential expression of putative phospholipid biosynthesis genes. By applying high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, we identified 203 phospholipid species representing the first determination of the phospholipidome of this pathogen. We identified nine different phospholipid classes carrying between one and three acyl chains. Phospholipidome analysis on bacteria of different ages (0-5 days) showed rapid changes in the ratio of phospholipids containing ethanolamine, or glycerol as phospholipid head group and in the number of cyclopropane bond containing fatty acids. Oxygen concentration influenced the percentage of lysophospholipids, and cyclo-propane bonds containing acyl chains. We show that large amounts of the phospholipids are lysophospholipids (30-45%), which mutant studies reveal are needed for normal C. jejuni motility at low oxygen conditions. C. jejuni possesses an unusual phospholipidome that is highly dynamic in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos F H M Brouwers
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda van Dijk
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris H A van de Lest
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Gao X, Liu W, Mei J, Xie J. Quantitative Analysis of Cold Stress Inducing Lipidomic Changes in Shewanella putrefaciens Using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E4609. [PMID: 31888284 PMCID: PMC6943694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a well-known specific spoilage organism (SSO) and cold-tolerant microorganism in refrigerated fresh marine fish. Cold-adapted mechanism includes increased fluidity of lipid membranes by the ability to finely adjust lipids composition. In the present study, the lipid profile of S. putrefaciens cultivated at 30, 20, 10, 4, and 0 °C was explored using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to discuss the effect of lipid composition on cold-adapted tolerance. Lipidomic analysis detected a total of 27 lipid classes and 606 lipid molecular species in S. putrefaciens cultivated at 30, 20, 10, 4, and 0 °C. S. putrefaciens cultivated at 30 °C (SP-30) had significantly higher content of glycerolipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and fatty acids compared with that at 0 °C (SP-0); however, the lower content of phospholipids (13.97%) was also found in SP-30. PE (30:0), PE (15:0/15:0), PE (31:0), PA (33:1), PE (32:1), PE (33:1), PE (25:0), PC (22:0), PE (29:0), PE (34:1), dMePE (15:0/16:1), PE (31:1), dMePE (15:1/15:0), PG (34:2), and PC (11:0/11:0) were identified as the most abundant lipid molecular species in S. putrefaciens cultivated at 30, 20, 10, 4, and 0 °C. The increase of PG content contributes to the construction of membrane lipid bilayer and successfully maintains membrane integrity under cold stress. S. putrefaciens cultivated at low temperature significantly increased the total unsaturated liquid contents but decreased the content of saturated liquid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.G.); (W.L.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
- School of Health and Social Care, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 201415, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.G.); (W.L.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.G.); (W.L.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.G.); (W.L.)
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
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14
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Fernandez M, Paulucci NS, Peppino Margutti M, Biasutti AM, Racagni GE, Villasuso AL, Agostini E, González PS. Membrane Rigidity and Phosphatidic Acid (PtdOH) Signal: Two Important Events in Acinetobacter guillouiae SFC 500-1A Exposed to Chromium(VI) and Phenol. Lipids 2019; 54:557-570. [PMID: 31475368 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of membrane lipids is a mechanism that allows microorganisms to survive in unfavorable environments such as industrial effluents, which often contain inorganic and organic pollutants, like chromium and phenol. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of Cr(VI) and phenol on the membrane of Acinetobacter guillouiae SFC 500-1A, a bacterial strain isolated from tannery sediments where such pollutants can be found. The presence of lipid kinases and phospholipases and the changes in their activities under exposure to these pollutants were determined. Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) + phenol caused the membrane to become more rigid for up to 16 h after exposure. This could be due to an increase in cardiolipin (Ptd2 Gro) and a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), which are indicative of more order and rigidity in the membrane. Increased phospholipase A activity (PLA, EC 3.1.1.4) could be responsible for the decrease in PtdEtn levels. Moreover, our results indicate that Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) + phenol trigger the phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) signal. The finding of significantly increased phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) levels means this is likely achieved via PtdIns-PLC/DGK. This report provides the first evidence that A. guillouiae SFC 500-1A is able to sense Cr(VI) and phenol, transduce this signal through changes in the physical state of the membrane, and trigger lipid-signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina Fernandez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Paulucci
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Micaela Peppino Margutti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia M Biasutti
- Departamento de Química-FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela E Racagni
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana L Villasuso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola S González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Temperature-dependent regulation of the Escherichia coli lpxT gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:786-795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Lin Y, Zheng L, Bogdanov M. Measurement of Lysophospholipid Transport Across the Membrane Using Escherichia coli Spheroplasts. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1949:165-180. [PMID: 30790256 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria lysophospholipid transporter (LplT) and the bifunctional acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthetase/2-acylglycerolphosphoethanolamine acyltransferase (Aas) form a glycerophospholipid remodeling system, which is capable of facilitating rapid retrograde translocation of lyso forms of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin across the cytoplasmic membrane. This coupled remodeling enzyme tandem provides an effective method for the measurement of substrate specificity of the lipid regeneration and lysophospholipid transport per se across the membrane. This chapter describes two distinct but complementary methods for the measurement of lysophospholipid transport across membrane using Escherichia coli spheroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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17
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Wang LH, Wen QH, Zeng XA, Han Z, Brennan CS. Influence of naringenin adaptation and shock on resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to pulsed electric fields. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Sanina N, Pomazenkova L, Bakholdina S, Chopenko N, Zabolotnaya A, Reutov V, Stenkova A, Bystritskaya E, Bogdanov M. Relationship between Adaptive Changing of Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Content in the Bacterial Envelope and Ampicillin Sensitivity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 28:236-239. [PMID: 30844797 DOI: 10.1159/000497180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The low permeability of porin channels is the possible reason for Gram-negative bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The adaptive accumulation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces conformational changes of OmpF porin that may hinder the transport of antibiotics through this channel. The present study was aimed to test whether the changes in LPE content affect the resistance of bacteria to ampicillin. The addition of glucose to the culture medium was shown to simultaneously increase the level of LPE and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ampicillin of Y. pseudotuberculosis cells 6- and 2-fold, respectively. However, the coadministration of glucose and polyphenol extract from buckwheat husks reduced the content of LPE 2-fold and restored MIC to the control value. Thus, PBEH can be used as antibiotic adjuvant to improve an antibiotic's ability to cross the outer membrane. The present work demonstrated: (i) the role of adaptive changes in the lipid composition of Y. pseudotuberculosis in the development of antibiotic resistance, and (ii) the promising use of PBEH in combination therapy to increase the susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to the conventional β-lactam antibiotics, probably attenuating in vivo a previously demonstrated effect of LPE on the conformation and function of the OmpF channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sanina
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation,
| | | | - Svetlana Bakholdina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Vladimir Reutov
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Stenkova
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya Bystritskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Changes in the lipid composition of Bradyrhizobium cell envelope reveal a rapid response to water deficit involving lysophosphatidylethanolamine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine in outer membrane. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:303-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Enterococcus faecalis Responds to Individual Exogenous Fatty Acids Independently of Their Degree of Saturation or Chain Length. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 84:AEM.01633-17. [PMID: 29079613 PMCID: PMC5734047 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01633-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract that can persist in the external environment and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Given its diverse habitats, the organism has developed numerous strategies to survive a multitude of environmental conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that E. faecalis will incorporate fatty acids from bile and serum into its membrane, resulting in an induced tolerance to membrane-damaging agents. To discern whether all fatty acids induce membrane stress protection, we examined how E. faecalis responded to individually supplied fatty acids. E. faecalis readily incorporated fatty acids 14 to 18 carbons in length into its membrane but poorly incorporated fatty acids shorter or longer than this length. Supplementation with saturated fatty acids tended to increase generation time and lead to altered cellular morphology in most cases. Further, exogenously supplied saturated fatty acids did not induce tolerance to the membrane-damaging antibiotic daptomycin. Supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids produced variable growth effects, with some impacting generation time and morphology. Exogenously supplied unsaturated fatty acids that are normally produced by E. faecalis and those that are found in bile or serum could restore growth in the presence of a fatty acid biosynthetic inhibitor. However, only the eukaryote-derived fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid provided protection from daptomycin. Thus, exogenous fatty acids do not lead to a common physiological effect on E. faecalis. The organism responds uniquely to each, and only host-derived fatty acids induce membrane protection. IMPORTANCEEnterococcus faecalis is a commonly acquired hospital infectious agent with resistance to many antibiotics, including those that target its cellular membrane. We previously demonstrated that E. faecalis will incorporate fatty acids found in human fluids, like serum, into its cellular membrane, thereby altering its membrane composition. In turn, the organism is better able to survive membrane-damaging agents, including the antibiotic daptomycin. We examined fatty acids commonly found in serum and those normally produced by E. faecalis to determine which fatty acids can induce protection from membrane damage. Supplementation with individual fatty acids produced a myriad of different effects on cellular growth, morphology, and stress response. However, only host-derived unsaturated fatty acids provided stress protection. Future studies are aimed at understanding how these specific fatty acids induce protection from membrane damage.
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Zheng L, Lin Y, Lu S, Zhang J, Bogdanov M. Biogenesis, transport and remodeling of lysophospholipids in Gram-negative bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1404-1413. [PMID: 27956138 PMCID: PMC6162059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are metabolic intermediates in bacterial phospholipid turnover. Distinct from their diacyl counterparts, these inverted cone-shaped molecules share physical characteristics of detergents, enabling modification of local membrane properties such as curvature. The functions of LPLs as cellular growth factors or potent lipid mediators have been extensively demonstrated in eukaryotic cells but are still undefined in bacteria. In the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, LPLs are derived from multiple endogenous and exogenous sources. Although several flippases that move non-glycerophospholipids across the bacterial inner membrane were characterized, lysophospholipid transporter LplT appears to be the first example of a bacterial protein capable of facilitating rapid retrograde translocation of lyso forms of glycerophospholipids across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. LplT transports lyso forms of the three bacterial membrane phospholipids with comparable efficiency, but excludes other lysolipid species. Once a LPL is flipped by LplT to the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane, its diacyl form is effectively regenerated by the action of a peripheral enzyme, acyl-ACP synthetase/LPL acyltransferase (Aas). LplT-Aas also mediates a novel cardiolipin remodeling by converting its two lyso derivatives, diacyl or deacylated cardiolipin, to a triacyl form. This coupled remodeling system provides a unique bacterial membrane phospholipid repair mechanism. Strict selectivity of LplT for lyso lipids allows this system to fulfill efficient lipid repair in an environment containing mostly diacyl phospholipids. A rocker-switch model engaged by a pair of symmetric ion-locks may facilitate alternating substrate access to drive LPL flipping into bacterial cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Lipids edited by Russell E. Bishop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yibin Lin
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuo Lu
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiazhe Zhang
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Yun O, Zeng XA, Brennan CS, Zhi-wei L. Temperature alters the structure of membrane lipids and pulsed electric field (PEF) resistance ofSalmonellaTyphimurium. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Yun
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation; Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln 85084 New Zealand
| | - Liu Zhi-wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
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23
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Fozo EM, Rucks EA. The Making and Taking of Lipids: The Role of Bacterial Lipid Synthesis and the Harnessing of Host Lipids in Bacterial Pathogenesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2016; 69:51-155. [PMID: 27720012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to survive environmental stressors, including those induced by growth in the human host, bacterial pathogens will adjust their membrane physiology accordingly. These physiological changes also include the use of host-derived lipids to alter their own membranes and feed central metabolic pathways. Within the host, the pathogen is exposed to many stressful stimuli. A resulting adaptation is for pathogens to scavenge the host environment for readily available lipid sources. The pathogen takes advantage of these host-derived lipids to increase or decrease the rigidity of their own membranes, to provide themselves with valuable precursors to feed central metabolic pathways, or to impact host signalling and processes. Within, we review the diverse mechanisms that both extracellular and intracellular pathogens employ to alter their own membranes as well as their use of host-derived lipids in membrane synthesis and modification, in order to increase survival and perpetuate disease within the human host. Furthermore, we discuss how pathogen employed mechanistic utilization of host-derived lipids allows for their persistence, survival and potentiation of disease. A more thorough understanding of all of these mechanisms will have direct consequences for the development of new therapeutics, and specifically, therapeutics that target pathogens, while preserving normal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Fozo
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| | - E A Rucks
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States.
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Salmonella typhimurium resistance on pulsed electric fields associated with membrane fluidity and gene regulation. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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