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Liu ZT, Yang GW, Zhao X, Dong SH, Jiao Y, Ge Z, Yu A, Zhang XQ, Xu XZ, Cheng ZQ, Zhang X, Wang KX. Growth hormone improves insulin resistance in visceral adipose tissue after duodenal-jejunal bypass by regulating adiponectin secretion. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1340-1352. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of improvement of type 2 diabetes after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery is not clear.
AIM To study the morphological and functional changes in adipose tissue after DJB and explore the potential mechanisms contributing to postoperative insulin sensitivity improvement of adipose tissue in a diabetic male rat model.
METHODS DJB and sham surgery was performed in a-high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. All adipose tissue was weighed and observed under mi-croscope. Use inguinal fat to represent subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and mesangial fat to represent visceral adipose tissue. RNA-sequencing was utilized to evaluate gene expression alterations adipocytes. The hematoxylin and eosin staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to study the changes. Insulin resistance was evaluated by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS After DJB, whole body blood glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue improved. Fat cell volume in both visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and SAT increased. Compared to SAT, VAT showed more significantly functional alterations after DJB and KEGG analysis indicated growth hormone (GH) pathway and downstream adiponectin secretion were involved in metabolic regulation. The circulating GH and adiponectin levels and GH receptor and adiponectin levels in VAT increased. Cytological experiment showed that GH stimulated adiponectin secretion and improve insulin sensitivity.
CONCLUSION GH improves insulin resistance in VAT in male diabetic rats after receiving DJB, possibly by increasing adiponectin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Tian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guang-Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuo-Hui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong University of Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Zhen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Tian Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Xiong X, Zeng W, Yang K, Zhao H, Deng Y, Song D. NPTX1 Mediates the Facilitating Effects of Hypoxia-Stimulated Human Adipocytes on Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Activation and Autologous Adipose Graft Survival Rate. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04118-7. [PMID: 38789811 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous adipose tissue is an ideal material for soft tissue filling and transplantation; however, high volumes of fat absorption over time lead to a relatively low overall survival percentage. The survival and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the transplanted microenvironment might improve adipose graft survival. Adipocytes have been reported to affect ADSC activation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Human ADSCs were incubated in a culture medium supplemented with hypoxic or normoxic conditioned culture medium (CM) derived from human adipocytes. Neuronal Pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) was overexpressed or knocked down in human adipocytes using an overexpression vector (NPTX1 OE) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, respectively. ADSC differentiation and paracrine secretion were assessed. Nude mice were implanted with human adipocytes and ADSCs. The adipose tissue was subsequently evaluated by histological analysis. RESULTS CM from hypoxic-stimulated human adipocytes significantly facilitated the differentiation ability and paracrine levels of ADSCs. NPTX1 was significantly up-regulated in human adipocytes exposed to hypoxic conditions. In vitro, CM derived from hypoxia-stimulated human adipocytes or NPTX1-overexpressing human adipocytes exposed to normoxia promoted ADSC differentiation and paracrine; after silencing NPTX1, the facilitating effects of hypoxia-treated human adipocytes on ADSC activation were eliminated. Similarly, in vivo, the NPTX1 OE + normoxia-CM group saw improved histological morphology and fat integrity, less fibrosis and inflammation, and increased vessel numbers compared with the OE NC + normoxia-CM group; the adipocyte grafts of the si-NC + hypoxia-CM group yielded the most improved histological morphology, fat integrity, and the most vessel numbers. However, these enhancements of ADSC activation and adipose graft survival were partially abolished by NPTX1 knockdown in human adipocytes. CONCLUSION NPTX1 might mediate the facilitating effects of hypoxia-stimulated human adipocytes on ADSC activation, thereby improving adipose tissue survival rate after autologous fat transplantation and the effectiveness of autologous fat transplantation through promoting ADSC activation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weiliang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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3
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Ma X, Liu Y, Han F, Cheng T, Wang K, Xu Y. Effect of short-term moderate intake of ice wine on hepatic glycolipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:5063-5072. [PMID: 38656306 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
As the correlation between high fructose intake and metabolism-related diseases (e.g., obesity, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes) has been increasingly reported, the health benefits of consuming ice wine high in fructose have been called into question. In this study, 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control (pure water), fructose (130 g L-1 fructose solution), alcohol (11% alcohol solution), low-dose (50% diluted ice wine) and high-dose ice wine (100% ice wine) groups to investigate the effects and mechanisms of short-term (4 weeks) ice wine intake on hepatic glycolipid metabolism in mice. The results showed that short-term consumption of ice wine suppressed the elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content and did not cause hepatic lipid accumulation compared with those of the fructose group. Meanwhile, ice wine had no significant effect on lipogenesis although it inhibited fatty acid oxidation via the PPARα/CPT-1α pathway. Compared with the control group, ice wine interfered with the elevation of fasting glucose and the insulin resistance index in a dose-dependent manner, and led to an increase in plasma uric acid levels, which may further contribute to the disruption of glucolipid metabolism. Overall, short-term moderate intake of ice wine over a 4-week period may not significantly affect hepatic glycolipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice for the time being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fuliang Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Heyang Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Weinan 715300, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yongning 750104, China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Kaixian Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yiwen Xu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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4
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Wu Y, Ma Y. CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31192. [PMID: 38284280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments, represent formidable global health challenges, bearing considerable implications for both morbidity and mortality rates. It has become increasingly evident that chronic, low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and advancement of these conditions. The involvement of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its corresponding receptor, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been extensively documented in numerous inflammatory maladies. Recent evidence indicates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway extends beyond immune cell recruitment and inflammation, exerting a notable influence on the genesis and progression of metabolic syndrome. The present review seeks to furnish a comprehensive exposition of the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis within the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, elucidating its molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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5
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Shimi G, Sohouli MH, Ghorbani A, Shakery A, Zand H. The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:13. [PMID: 38317257 PMCID: PMC10840211 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, which is the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, has adverse impacts on human health. Obesity-related metabolic dysregulation has similarities to the metabolic alterations observed in aging. It has been shown that the adipocytes of obese individuals undergo cellular aging, known as senescence. Senescence can be transmitted to other normal cells through a series of chemical factors referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most of these factors are pro-inflammatory compounds. The immune system removes these senescent T-cells, but immunosenescence, which is the senescence of immune cells, disrupts the clearance of senescent T-cells. Immunosenescence occurs as a result of aging or indirectly through transmission from senescent tissues. The significant occurrence of senescence in obesity is expected to cause immunosenescence and impairs the immune response to resolve inflammation. The sustained and chronic inflammation disrupts insulin's metabolic actions in metabolic tissues. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of senescent adipocyte cells in obesity-associated immunosenescence and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Moreover, the article suggests novel therapeutic approaches to improve metabolic syndrome by targeting senescent T-cells or using senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Shimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Arman Ghorbani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Azam Shakery
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Hamid Zand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Chu PY, Hsu CL, Lin YA, Pan YC, Dai YH, Yu YC, Yang JC, Ma WL, Chen YJL, Lee CL, Wu YC. Effects of Citrus depressa Hayata juice on high-fat diet-induced obesity in HBV transgenic mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24438. [PMID: 38312542 PMCID: PMC10835261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential anti-obesity properties of Citrus depressa Hayata (CDH) juice in HBV transgenic mice, as well as the impact of fermentation on the effectiveness of the juice. The results revealed that fermentation increased the levels of polyphenols and hesperidin in CDH juice. The animal study demonstrated that both juices were effective in mitigating the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet by correcting metabolic parameter imbalances, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and reversing hepatic immune suppression. Furthermore, fermented juice exhibited superior efficacy in managing body weight and inhibiting the expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). Fermented juice significantly enhanced adiponectin production and PPARγ expression in WAT, while also reducing hypertrophy. This study offers valuable insights into the potential role of CDH juices in combating obesity associated with high fat consumption and underscores the promise of CDH juice as a functional beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lu Hsu
- Department of Business Administration, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Lin
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Pan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- .Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hao Dai
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, and Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Medical Research, and Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Nikolic M, Jeremic N, Lazarevic N, Stojanovic A, Milojevic Samanovic A, Novakovic J, Zivkovic V, Nikolic M, Nedeljkovic N, Mitrovic S, Jakovljevic V. Sacubitril/valsartan promotes white adipose tissue browning in rats with metabolic syndrome through activation of mTORC1. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38284316 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In addition to their usual use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, weak evidence is available for the potential of combined use of neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) and AT1 receptor antagonist (valsartan) to promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study involved 32 male Wistar albino rats divided into four groups: CTRL-healthy control rats; ENT-healthy rats treated with sacubitril/valsartan; MS-rats with MetS; MS + ENT-rats with MetS treated with sacubitril/valsartan. After finishing the experimental protocol, different WAT depots were isolated for further analysis of molecular pathways. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were used for in silico assessment of the binding affinity of sacubitril and valsartan towards subunits of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sacubitril/valsartan treatment markedly diminished morphological changes in adipose tissue, resulting in smaller lipid size and multilocular lipid droplet structure in WAT. We showed significantly higher protein expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and mTORC1 in WAT of MS + ENT rats, correlating with increased relative gene expression of browning-related markers in tissue of rats treated with sacubitril/valsartan compared with MS group of rats. In silico analysis showed that sacubitrilat and valsartan exhibited the highest binding affinity against mTOR and mLST8, forming stable complexes with these mTORC1 subunits. The observed results confirmed strong potential of combined sacubitril/valsartan treatment to increase browning markers expression in different WAT depots in MetS condition and to form permanent complexes with mTOR and mLST8 subunits over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nevena Lazarevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Stojanovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andjela Milojevic Samanovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Novakovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Nedeljkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
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Andruszko A, Szydłowski J, Grabarek BO, Mazur K, Sirek T, Ossowski P, Kozikowski M, Kaminiów K, Zybek-Kocik A, Banaszewski J. Impact of Nutritional Status of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Expression Profile of Ghrelin, Irisin, and Titin. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:437. [PMID: 38275878 PMCID: PMC10814803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this paper was the evaluation of the changes in the expression profile of irisin, ghrelin, and titin in the carcinoma tissue and in the blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including determining the profile of their expression in relation to patient nutrition. The study included 56 patients with diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of HNSCC in the T3 and T4 stages of the disease. Healthy control tissue specimens were collected from an area 10 mm outside the histologically negative margin. In turn, the blood and serum from the control group came from healthy volunteers treated for non-oncologic reasons (n = 70). The molecular analysis allowed us to determine the profile of irisin, ghrelin, and titin methylation, evaluate their expression on the level of mRNA (quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction; qRT-PCR) and protein (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Reaction; ELISA) in the carcinoma tissue and the margin of healthy tissue, as well as in serum of patients in the study and control groups. At the start of our observations, a Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 was noted in 42 of the patients, while six months after the treatment a BMI < 18.5 was noted in 29 patients. We also noted a decrease in the expression of irisin, ghrelin, and titin both on the level of mRNA and protein, as well as a potential regulation of their expression via DNA methylation. There is no convincing evidence that the proteins assayed in the present work are specific with regard to HNSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Andruszko
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Szydłowski
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland; (B.O.G.); (P.O.); (K.K.)
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mazur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Higher School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300 Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sirek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Minimally Invasive and Reconstructive Surgery, 43-316 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Piotr Ossowski
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland; (B.O.G.); (P.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Mieszko Kozikowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Uczelnia Medyczna im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, 00-136 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Konrad Kaminiów
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland; (B.O.G.); (P.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Ariadna Zybek-Kocik
- Department of Metabolism Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jacek Banaszewski
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
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9
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Sahu B, Pani S, Swalsingh G, Senapati U, Pani P, Pati B, Rout S, Trivedi R, Raj R, Dey S, Jeet A, Kumar D, Bal NC. Long-term physical inactivity induces significant changes in biochemical pathways related to metabolism of proteins and glycerophospholipids in mice. Mol Omics 2024; 20:64-77. [PMID: 37909389 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity affects multiple organ systems, including the musculoskeletal system, which upsets the delicate balance of several secretory factors leading to metabolic derailment. This reduces contractile recruitment of the skeletal muscle with dampening of its oxidative capacity resulting in impaired intramuscular lipid metabolism and substrate utilization. We hypothesized that this altered phenotype would also have an indispensable effect on circulatory cytokines and the level of metabolic intermediates. In this study, comparison between sedentary (SED) and exercised (EXER) animal models showed that organismal metabolic parameters (body mass, oxygen utilization and glucose tolerance) are altered based on physical activity. Our data suggest that cytokines linked to glycemic excursions (insulin, c-peptide, glucagon) and their passive regulators (leptin, BDNF, active ghrelin, and GIP) exhibit changes in the SED group. Furthermore, some of the proinflammatory cytokines and myokines were upregulated in SED. Interestingly, serum metabolite analysis showed that the levels of glucogenic amino acids (alanine, glycine, tryptophan, proline and valine), nitrogenous amino acids (ornithine, asparagine, and glutamine) and myogenic metabolites (taurine, creatine) were altered due to the level of physical activity. A pyrimidine nucleoside (uridine), lipid metabolite (glycerol) and ketone bodies (acetoacetate and acetate) were found to be altered in SED. A Spearman rank correlation study between SED and CTRL showed that cytokines build a deformed network with metabolites in SED, indicating significant modifications in amino acids, phosphatidylinositol phosphate and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. Overall, long-term physical inactivity reorganizes the profile of proinflammatory cytokines, glucose sensing hormones, and protein and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which might be the initial factors of metabolic diseases due to SED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | | | - Unmod Senapati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Punyadhara Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Subhasmita Rout
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Rimjhim Trivedi
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Suchanda Dey
- SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Amar Jeet
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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10
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Spyksma EE, Alexandridou A, Mai K, Volmer DA, Stokes CS. An Overview of Different Vitamin D Compounds in the Setting of Adiposity. Nutrients 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38257127 PMCID: PMC10820956 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A large body of research shows an association between higher body weight and low vitamin D status, as assessed using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D can be metabolised in adipose tissue and has been reported to influence gene expression and modulate inflammation and adipose tissue metabolism in vitro. However, the exact metabolism of vitamin D in adipose tissue is currently unknown. White adipose tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and hydroxylase enzymes, substantially involved in vitamin D metabolism and efficacy. The distribution and concentrations of the generated vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue, however, are largely unknown. Closing this knowledge gap could help to understand whether the different vitamin D compounds have specific health effects in the setting of adiposity. This review summarises the current evidence for a role of vitamin D in adipose tissue and discusses options to accurately measure vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Spyksma
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Anastasia Alexandridou
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 90451 Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dietrich A. Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Caroline S. Stokes
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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11
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Fu X, Murakami M, Hashimoto O, Matsui T, Funaba M. Regulatory mechanisms underlying interleukin-6 expression in murine brown adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3915. [PMID: 38269513 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Three types of adipocytes, white, brown, and beige, regulate the systemic energy balance through the storage and expenditure of chemical energy. In addition, adipocytes produce various bioactive molecules known as adipokines. In contrast to white adipocyte-derived molecules, less information is available on the adipokines produced by brown adipocytes (batokine). This study explored the regulatory expression of interleukin (IL)-6 in cell culture studies. Norepinephrine or a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor agonist increased the expression of IL-6 in primary brown adipocytes and HB2 brown adipocytes. Treatment with forskolin (Fsk), an activator of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway (downstream signaling of the β-adrenergic receptor), efficiently stimulated IL-6 expression in brown adipocytes and myotubes. Phosphorylated CREB and phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase levels were increased in Fsk-treated brown adipocytes within 5 min. In contrast, a long-term (∼60 min and ∼4 h) treatment with Fsk was required for increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression, respectively. The PKA, p38 MAP kinase, STAT3, and C/EBPβ pathways are required for the maximal IL-6 expression induced by Fsk, which were verified by use of various inhibitors of these signal pathways. Vitamin C enhanced Fsk-induced IL-6 expression through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. The present study provides basic information on the regulatory expression of IL-6 in activated brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Fu
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Li X, Peng X, Zoulikha M, Boafo GF, Magar KT, Ju Y, He W. Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38161204 PMCID: PMC10758001 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain known drugs has been well established in treating extensive human diseases. Attributed to synergistic effects by targeting various disease pathways and advantages, such as reduced administration dose, decreased toxicity, and alleviated drug resistance, combinatorial treatment is now being pursued by delivering therapeutic agents to combat major clinical illnesses, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial therapy involves combining or co-delivering two or more drugs for treating a specific disease. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomal NPs, polymeric NPs and nanocrystals, are of great interest in combinatorial therapy for a wide range of disorders due to targeted drug delivery, extended drug release, and higher drug stability to avoid rapid clearance at infected areas. This review summarizes various targets of diseases, preclinical or clinically approved drug combinations and the development of multifunctional NPs for combining therapy and emphasizes combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on drug delivery for treating severe clinical diseases. Ultimately, we discuss the challenging of developing NP-codelivery and translation and provide potential approaches to address the limitations. This review offers a comprehensive overview for recent cutting-edge and challenging in developing NP-mediated combination therapy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Xiuju Peng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Makhloufi Zoulikha
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Kosheli Thapa Magar
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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13
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Geng S, Chen D, Wang Y, Yu X, Zuo D, Lv X, Zhou X, Hu C, Yang X, Ma X, Hu W, Xi J, Yu S. Serum levels of Vanin-2 increase with obesity in relation to inflammation of adipose tissue and may be a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1270435. [PMID: 38156278 PMCID: PMC10753581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Excessive obesity can lead to dysfunction in adipose tissue, which contributes to the development of comorbidities associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, among others. Previous research has mainly focused on the Vanin family in systemic inflammatory diseases or predicting its role in tumor prognosis, while neglecting its role as a secretory protein in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. The objective of this study was to compare the changes in Vanin-2 levels in the circulating blood of normal and obese individuals, and to assess its correlation with inflammatory factors in vivo. Furthermore, the study aimed to systematically evaluate its effectiveness in human weight loss surgery. Methods Serum concentrations of Vanin-2 and inflammatory indicators were measured in 518 volunteers. Furthermore, the concentrations of Vanin-2 were measured both before and after weight loss through a dietetic program or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Additionally, we assessed the levels of insulin, adiponectin, and inflammation-related factors. The hormonal profile and changes in body weight were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Results Serum levels of Vanin-2 were found to be significantly increased in individuals with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) group (controls 438.98 ± 72.44, OW/OB 530.89 ± 79.39 ug/L; p < 0.001). These increased levels were associated with IL-18, BMI, FAT%, and HOMA-IR. However, levels of Vanin-2 remained unchanged after conventional dietary treatment. On the other hand, weight loss induced by LSG resulted in a significant decrease in Vanin-2 concentrations from 586.44 ± 48.84 to 477.67 ± 30.27 ug/L (p < 0.001), and this decrease was associated with the Vanin-2 concentrations observed before the operation. Conclusion Serum Vanin-2 is a highly effective biomarker for assessing adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and has the potential to serve as a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Geng
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingrui Yu
- Institute of Information, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinlu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengju Hu
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xujue Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazhuang Xi
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Baptista LS, Silva KR, Jobeili L, Guillot L, Sigaudo-Roussel D. Unraveling White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity and Obesity by Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Biology and 3D Culture Models. Cells 2023; 12:1583. [PMID: 37371053 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune and endocrine dysfunctions of white adipose tissue are a hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In humans, white adipose tissue comprises distinct depots broadly distributed under the skin (hypodermis) and as internal depots (visceral). Depot-specific ASCs could account for visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue properties, by regulating adipogenesis and immunomodulation. More importantly, visceral and subcutaneous depots account for distinct contributions to obesity and its metabolic comorbidities. Recently, distinct ASCs subpopulations were also described in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Interestingly, the superficial layer closer to the dermis shows hyperplastic and angiogenic capacities, whereas the deep layer is considered as having inflammatory properties similar to visceral. The aim of this focus review is to bring the light of recent discoveries into white adipose tissue heterogeneity together with the biology of distinct ASCs subpopulations and to explore adipose tissue 3D models revealing their advantages, disadvantages, and contributions to elucidate the role of ASCs in obesity development. Recent advances in adipose tissue organoids opened an avenue of possibilities to recreate the main cellular and molecular events of obesity leading to a deep understanding of this inflammatory disease besides contributing to drug discovery. Furthermore, 3D organ-on-a-chip will add reproducibility to these adipose tissue models contributing to their translation to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra S Baptista
- Numpex-bio, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Prof Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 25240005, Brazil
| | - Karina R Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550900, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940070, Brazil
| | - Lara Jobeili
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lucile Guillot
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France
- Urgo Research Innovation and Development, 21300 Chenôve, France
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France
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15
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051290. [PMID: 37238961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to analyze the role of adipokines in health and disease in order to understand the important functions and effects of these cytokines. For this aim, the present review delves into the type of adipocytes and the cytokines produced, as well as their functions; the relations of adipokines in inflammation and different diseases such as cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, and eating behaviors; and finally, the role of microbiota, nutrition, and physical activity in adipokines is discussed. This information would allow for a better understanding of these important cytokines and their effects on body organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Hegazy HA, Abo-ElMatty DM, Farid O, Saleh S, Ghattas MH, Omar NN. Nano-melatonin and-histidine modulate adipokines and neurotransmitters to improve cognition in HFD-fed rats: A formula to study. Biochimie 2023; 207:137-152. [PMID: 36351496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The established correlation between obesity and cognitive impairment portrays pharmacological products aimed at both disorders as an important therapeutic advance. Modulation of dysregulated adipokines and neurotransmitters is hence a critical aspect of the assessment of in-use drugs. At the cellular level, repairments in brain barrier integrity and cognitive flexibility are the main checkpoints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin and histidine, alone or in combination, could produce weight loss, meanwhile improve the cognitive processes. In this study, obese rat model was established by feeding high fat diet (HFD) composed of 25% fats (soybean oil) for 8 weeks, accompanied by melatonin (10 mg/kg), histidine (780 mg/kg), and combination of both in conventional form and nanoform. At the end of the study, adiposity hormones, neuronal monoamines and amino acids, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were assessed. HFD feeding resulted in significant weight gain and poor performance on cognitive test. Coadministration of histidine in the nanoform increased the level of ZO-1; an indicator of improving the brain barrier integrity, along with adjusting the adipokines and neurotransmitters levels, which had a positive impact on learning tasks. Cotreatment with melatonin resulted in an increase in the level of BDNF, marking ameliorated synaptic anomalies and learning disabilities, while reducing weight gain. On the other hand, the combination of melatonin and histidine reinstated the synaptic plasticity as well as brain barrier junctions, as demonstrated by increased levels of BDNF and ZO-1, positively affecting weight loss and the intellectual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed Hegazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dina M Abo-ElMatty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Omar Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control & Research, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sami Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Maivel H Ghattas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
| | - Nesreen Nabil Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
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17
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Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome by Phytochemicals and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032627. [PMID: 36768946 PMCID: PMC9917154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, attention has focused on the roles of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables in maintaining and improving the intestinal environment and preventing metabolic syndrome. A high-fat and high-sugar diet, lack of exercise, and excess energy accumulation in the body can cause metabolic syndrome and induce obesity, diabetes, and disorders of the circulatory system and liver. Therefore, the prevention of metabolic syndrome is important. The current review shows that the simultaneous intake of phytochemicals contained in citruses and grapes together with vitamin D improves the state of gut microbiota and immunity, preventing metabolic syndrome and related diseases. Phytochemicals contained in citruses include polyphenols such as hesperidin, rutin, and naringin; those in grapes include quercetin, procyanidin, and oleanolic acid. The intake of these phytochemicals and vitamin D, along with prebiotics and probiotics, nurture good gut microbiota. In general, Firmicutes are obese-prone gut microbiota and Bacteroidetes are lean-prone gut microbiota; good gut microbiota nurture regulatory T cells, which suppress inflammatory responses and upregulate immunity. Maintaining good gut microbiota suppresses TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine that is also considered to be a pathogenic contributor adipokine, and prevents chronic inflammation, thereby helping to prevent metabolic syndrome. Maintaining good gut microbiota also enhances adiponectin, a protector adipokine that prevents metabolic syndrome. For the prevention of metabolic syndrome and the reduction of various disease risks, the intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D will be important for human health in the future.
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18
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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase as a Shared Target for the Effects of Adiponectin and Resistin on the Mechanical Responses of the Mouse Gastric Fundus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416113. [PMID: 36555750 PMCID: PMC9781802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that adiponectin (ADPN) and resistin are co-secreted by white mouse adipocytes and exert similar inhibitory effects in the mouse gastric fundus, in which resistin was observed to increase neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression. On these grounds, the present work aimed to investigate whether the effects of the two adipokines on the neurally-induced relaxant responses potentiate each other and whether there is a possible correlation with changes in nNOS expression in preparations from the mouse gastric fundus. In carbachol (CCh)-precontracted strips, electrical field stimulation elicited nitrergic relaxant responses, whose amplitude was increased by ADPN or resistin, but no additional enhancements were observed in their concomitant presence. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that ADPN, like resistin, was able to up-regulate nNOS expression and to increase the percentage of nNOS-positive neurons in the myenteric plexus: co-treatment with the two adipokines did not induce additional changes. The results indicate that the two adipokines modulate nitrergic neurotransmission, and both do so by up-regulating nNOS expression. Therefore, nNOS appears to be a shared target for the two adipokines' effects, which, rather than mutually reinforcing each other, may represent a dual physiological control mechanism to guarantee gastric fundus relaxation.
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19
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Lavallee CM, Bruno A, Ma C, Raman M. The Role of Intermittent Fasting in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4655. [PMID: 36364915 PMCID: PMC9657169 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is a non-pharmacological dietary approach to management of obesity and metabolic syndrome, involving periodic intervals of complete or near-complete abstinence from food and energy-containing fluids. This dietary strategy has recently gained significant popularity in mainstream culture and has been shown to induce weight loss in humans, reduce gut and systemic inflammation, and improve gut microbial diversity and dysbiosis (largely in animal models). It has been hypothesized that intermittent fasting could be beneficial in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, given the condition's association with obesity. This review summarizes protocols, potential mechanisms of action, and evidence for intermittent fasting in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It also highlights practical considerations for implementing intermittent fasting in clinical practice. A search of the literature for English-language articles related to intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding and liver disease was completed in PubMed and Google Scholar. Potential mechanisms of action for effects of intermittent fasting included modulation of circadian rhythm, adipose tissue and adipokines, gut microbiome, and autophagy. Preclinical, epidemiological, and clinical trial data suggested clinical benefits of intermittent fasting on metabolic and inflammatory markers in humans. However, there was a paucity of evidence of its effects in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. More clinical studies are needed to determine mechanisms of action and to evaluate safety and efficacy of intermittent fasting in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Christopher Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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