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Liu W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Xia W, Qian X, Bo R, Huang Y, Ruan X. Baicalein inhibits biofilm formation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro mainly by affecting adhesion. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105291. [PMID: 38729095 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a widespread bacterium that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. APEC biofilm formation may result in chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections in clinics, making treatment challenging. Baicalein is a natural product that exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of baicalein on APEC biofilm formation at different stages. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of baicalein on APEC was determined, and the growth curve of APEC biofilm formation was determined. The effects of baicalein on APEC biofilm adhesion, accumulation, and maturation were observed using optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm inhibition rate of baicalein was calculated at different stages. The MIC of baicalein against APEC was 256 μg/mL. The process of APEC biofilm maturation takes approximately 48 h after incubation, with initial adhesion completed at 12 h, and cell accumulation finished at 24 h. Baicalein had a significant inhibitory effect on APEC biofilm formation at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (p < 0.01). Notably, baicalein had the highest rate of biofilm formation inhibition when added at the adhesion stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that baicalein is a potent inhibitor of APEC biofilm formation in vitro and acts, primarily by inhibiting cell adhesion. These findings suggests that baicalein has a potential application for inhibiting APEC biofilm formation and provides a novel approach for the prevention and control APEC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ruihong Bo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiangchun Ruan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
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Wang L, Zheng J, Hou W, Zhang C, Zhang J, Fan X, Zhang H, Han Y. The Anti-Microbial Peptide Citrocin Controls Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms by Breaking Down Extracellular Polysaccharide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4122. [PMID: 38612931 PMCID: PMC11012989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrocin is an anti-microbial peptide that holds great potential in animal feed. This study evaluates the anti-microbial and anti-biofilm properties of Citrocin and explores the mechanism of action of Citrocin on the biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The results showed that Citrocin had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.3 mg/mL. All five concentrations (1/4MIC, 1/2MIC, MIC, 2MIC, and 4MIC) of Citrocin inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Citrocin at the MIC, 2MIC and 4MIC removed 42.7%, 76.0% and 83.2% of mature biofilms, respectively, and suppressed the swarming motility, biofilm metabolic activity and extracellular polysaccharide production of P. aeruginosa. Metabolomics analysis indicated that 0.3 mg/mL of Citrocin up- regulated 26 and down-regulated 83 metabolites, mainly comprising amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids and sugars. Glucose and amino acid metabolic pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism as well as arginine and proline metabolism, were highly enriched by Citrocin. In summary, our research reveals the anti-biofilm mechanism of Citrocin at the metabolic level, which provides theoretical support for the development of novel anti-biofilm strategies for combatting P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenchao Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chaowen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xuanbo Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuzhu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 402460, China
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Halawa EM, Fadel M, Al-Rabia MW, Behairy A, Nouh NA, Abdo M, Olga R, Fericean L, Atwa AM, El-Nablaway M, Abdeen A. Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1305294. [PMID: 38283841 PMCID: PMC10820715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1305294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy of antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms of action, which are discussed in detail in this review, along with accompanying diagrammatic illustrations. Despite their effectiveness, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to treating bacterial infections. Bacteria have developed defense mechanisms against antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This review delves into the specific mechanisms that bacteria have developed to resist antibiotics, with the help of diagrammatic illustrations. Antibiotic resistance can spread among bacteria through various routes, resulting in previously susceptible bacteria becoming antibiotic-resistant. Multiple factors contribute to the worsening crisis of antibiotic resistance, including human misuse of antibiotics. This review also emphasizes alternative solutions proposed to mitigate the exacerbation of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M. Halawa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fadel
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratories-Diagnostic Immunology Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Behairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Nouh
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Inpatient Pharmacy, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rada Olga
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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TIAN J, GONG Q, ZHU S, LI Y. Extracellular polysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum enhance immune efficacy of oprH gene recombinant subunit vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1210-1215. [PMID: 37779090 PMCID: PMC10686767 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the immune enhancement effect of the extracellular polysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum on oprH recombinant subunit vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a recombinant subunit vaccine of oprH (rOprH vaccine) was developed. The EP-rOprH vaccine was prepared with the extracellular polysaccharide of L. plantarum as an adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated with the rOprH and EP-rOprH vaccines, and the outer membrane protein (OMP) and inactivated vaccines were used as controls. The levels of serum antibody, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-2), and IL-4 were determined after vaccination. Finally, the protective efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated after challenge with virulent P. aeruginosa. Following vaccination, the serum antibody levels were significantly higher in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine than in those vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (P<0.05). Moreover, the serum antibody levels detected in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were similar to those detected in the OMP vaccine group when P. aeruginosa suspension was used as the coating antigen. However, the levels in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were higher than those in the OMP vaccine and inactivated vaccine groups when the purified rOprH protein was used as the coating antigen (P<0.05). The level of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine was significantly higher than that in mice vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (P<0.05) and comparable to that in mice vaccinated with the OMP vaccine. The protective rates were 65%, 80%, 80%, and 95% with the rOprH, EP-rOprH, OMP, and inactivated vaccines, respectively. Thus, the extracellular polysaccharide of L. plantarum significantly enhanced the immune response and protection provided by the recombinant subunit vaccine of oprH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu TIAN
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Qiang GONG
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shiji ZHU
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Yajing LI
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
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Bayat M, Nahand JS, Farsad-Akhatr N, Memar MY. Bile effects on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22111. [PMID: 38034726 PMCID: PMC10685303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is the primary source of bile aspiration in the airway tract of CF individuals. Aspirated bile is associated with the severity of lung diseases and chronic inflammation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common pathogen of CF respiratory tract infections. P. aeruginosa is equipped with several mechanisms to facilitate the infection process, including but not limited to the expression of virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance, all of which are under the strong regulation of quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. By increasing the expression of lasI, rhlI, and pqsA-E, bile exposure directly impacts the QS network. An increase in psl expression and pyocyanin production can promote biofilm formation. Along with the loss of flagella and reduced swarming motility, GER-derived bile can repress the expression of genes involved in creating an acute infection, such as expression of Type Three Secretion (T3SS), hydrogen cyanide (hcnABC), amidase (amiR), and phenazine (phzA-E). Inversely, to cause persistent infection, bile exposure can increase the Type Six Secretion System (T6SS) and efflux pump expression, which can trigger resistance to antibiotics such as colistin, polymyxin B, and erythromycin. This review will discuss the influence of aspirated bile on the pathogenesis, resistance, and persistence of P. aeruginosa in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Farsad-Akhatr
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bonincontro G, Scuderi SA, Marino A, Simonetti G. Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida spp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1531. [PMID: 38004397 PMCID: PMC10675371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal biofilm has increased antibiotic resistance and plays an essential role in many persistent diseases. Biofilm-associated chronic infections are difficult to treat and reduce the efficacy of medical devices. This global problem has prompted extensive research to find alternative strategies to fight microbial chronic infections. Plant bioactive metabolites with antibiofilm activity are known to be potential resources to alleviate this problem. The phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants showed different active groups, such as stilbenes, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenolics, flavonoids, lignans, quinones, and coumarins. Synergistic effects can be observed in the interaction between plant compounds and conventional drugs. This review analyses and summarises the current knowledge on the synergistic effects of plant metabolites in combination with conventional antimicrobials against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The synergism of conventional antimicrobials with plant compounds can modify and inhibit the mechanisms of acquired resistance, reduce undesirable effects, and obtain an appropriate therapeutic effect at lower doses. A deeper knowledge of these combinations and of their possible antibiofilm targets is needed to develop next-generation novel antimicrobials and/or improve current antimicrobials to fight drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Bonincontro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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