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Blümel M, Cordoba-Rodriguez R, Carroll JA, Beardsley RL, Maggio F, Wylie D, Tsang V, Ehrick R, Francq BG, Pohl T, Taktak S, Spasoff A, Morrison A, Albarghouthi M. Patient-centric Comparability Assessment of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1415-1425. [PMID: 38373591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The comparability assessment of a biological product after implementing a manufacturing process change should involve a risk-based approach. Process changes may occur at any stage of the product lifecycle: early development, clinical manufacture for pivotal trials, or post-approval. The risk of the change to impact product quality varies. The design of the comparability assessment should be adapted accordingly. A working group reviewed and consolidated industry approaches to assess comparability of traditional protein-based biological products during clinical development and post-approval. The insights compiled in this review article encompass topics such as a risk-evaluation strategy, the design of comparability studies, definition of assessment criteria for comparability, holistic evaluation of data, and the regulatory submission strategy. These practices can be leveraged across the industry to help companies in design and execution of comparability assessments, and to inform discussions with global regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blümel
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Analytical Development, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Cordoba-Rodriguez
- AstraZeneca, CMC Regulatory Affairs, 200 Orchard Ridge Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - James A Carroll
- Pfizer Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | - Richard L Beardsley
- Genentech, (A Member of the Roche Group), Analytical Development and QC, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frank Maggio
- Amgen Inc., 40 Technology Way, West Greenwich, RI 02817, USA
| | - David Wylie
- Merck, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Valerie Tsang
- Biogen, Biologics Development, 5000 Davis Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robin Ehrick
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Bernard G Francq
- GSK, Vaccines CMC statistics, 89 Rue de l'Institut, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Analytical Development, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Taktak
- Pfizer Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Andrew Spasoff
- AstraZeneca, Development Quality Biologics, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Amy Morrison
- Biogen, Manufacturing Sciences, 5000 Davis Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Methal Albarghouthi
- AstraZeneca, Biopharmaceutical Development, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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2
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Guo J, Weng J, Zhu Q, Zhou F, Chen Q, Gu X, Zhou W. A Review of Recent FDA-Approved Biologic-Device Combination Products. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:866-879. [PMID: 38160713 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
With the remarkably strong growth of the biopharmaceutical market, an increasing demand for self-administration and rising competitions attract substantial interest to the biologic-device combination products. The ease-of-use of biologic-device combination products can minimize dosing error, improve patient compliance and add value to the life-cycle management of biological products. As listed in the purple book issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a total of 98 brand biologic-device combination products have been approved with Biologic License Application from January 2000 to August 2023, where this review mainly focused on 63 products containing neither insulin nor vaccine. Prefilled syringes (PFS) and autoinjectors are the most widely adopted devices, whereas innovative modifications like needle safety guard and dual-chamber design and novel devices like on-body injector also emerged as promising presentations. All 16 insulin products employ pen injectors, while all 19 vaccine products are delivered by a PFS. This review provides a systematic summary of FDA-approved biologic-device combination products regarding their device configurations, routes of administration, formulations, instructions for use, etc. In addition, challenges and opportunities associated with biologic-device compatibility, regulatory complexity, and smart connected devices are also discussed. It is believed that evolving technologies will definitely move the boundaries of biologic-device combination product development even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Guo
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics, China.
| | | | - Qiurong Zhu
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics, China
| | | | | | - Xuejun Gu
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics, China
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3
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Campbell JM, Colombo S, Doyle JL, Filoti DI, Hübner G, Magnenat L, Nowinski AK, Pavon JA, Singh SM, Vo LR, Woods JM, Stokes ESE. An Industry Perspective on the use of Forced Degradation Studies to Assess Comparability of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:505-512. [PMID: 38103689 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Forced degradation, also known as stress testing, is used throughout pharmaceutical development for many purposes including assessing the comparability of biopharmaceutical products according to ICH Guideline Q5E. These formal comparability studies, the results of which are submitted to health authorities, investigate potential impacts of manufacturing process changes on the quality, safety, and efficacy of the drug. Despite the wide use of forced degradation in comparability assessments, detailed guidance on the design and interpretation of such studies is scarce. The BioPhorum Development Group is an industry-wide consortium enabling networking and sharing of common practices for the development of biopharmaceuticals. The BioPhorum Development Group Forced Degradation Workstream recently conducted several group discussions and a benchmarking survey to understand current industry approaches for the use of forced degradation studies to assess comparability of protein-based biopharmaceuticals. The results provide insight into the design of forced degradation studies, analytical characterization and testing strategies, data evaluation criteria, as well as some considerations and differences for non-platform modalities (e.g., non-traditional mAbs). This article presents survey responses from several global companies of various sizes and provides an industry perspective and experience regarding the practicalities of using forced degradation to assess comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline Analytical Development, Upper Providence, PA, 19426, United States
| | - Stefano Colombo
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK, 2750, Denmark
| | - Jamie L Doyle
- Regeneron, Quality Control Analytical Sciences, 81 Columbia Tpke, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Dana I Filoti
- AbbVie Inc., Development Sciences Data & Digital Strategy, 1N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Göran Hübner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Analytical Dev. Biologicals, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Laurent Magnenat
- Fresenius Kabi SwissBioSim GmbH, Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Route de Crassier 23, 1262, Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Ann K Nowinski
- Seagen Inc., Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21823 30th Drive Southeast, Bothell, WA, 98021, United States
| | - Jorge Alex Pavon
- Merck & Co., Inc., Biologics Analytical Research and Development, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, United States
| | - Surinder M Singh
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development & Attribute Science, 1 Squibb Drive, North Brunswick, New Jersey, 08902, United States
| | - Laila R Vo
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC Analytical development, Novo Nordisk Park B7.2.021, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Woods
- Pfizer, Analytical Research and Development, 875 Chesterfield Pkwy W, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, United States
| | - Elaine S E Stokes
- BioPhorum Operations Group, The Gridiron Building, 1 Pancras Square, London, N1C 4AG, United Kingdom.
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4
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Coagulation factor IX analysis in bioreactor cell culture supernatant predicts quality of the purified product. Commun Biol 2021; 4:390. [PMID: 33758337 PMCID: PMC7988164 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor IX (FIX) is a complex post-translationally modified human serum glycoprotein and high-value biopharmaceutical. The quality of recombinant FIX (rFIX), especially complete γ-carboxylation, is critical for rFIX clinical efficacy. Bioreactor operating conditions can impact rFIX production and post-translational modifications (PTMs). With the goal of optimizing rFIX production, we developed a suite of Data Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry (DIA-MS) proteomics methods and used these to investigate rFIX yield, γ-carboxylation, other PTMs, and host cell proteins during bioreactor culture and after purification. We detail the dynamics of site-specific PTM occupancy and structure on rFIX during production, which correlated with the efficiency of purification and the quality of the purified product. We identified new PTMs in rFIX near the GLA domain which could impact rFIX GLA-dependent purification and function. Our workflows are applicable to other biologics and expression systems, and should aid in the optimization and quality control of upstream and downstream bioprocesses.
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5
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Le Basle Y, Chennell P, Tokhadze N, Astier A, Sautou V. Physicochemical Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:169-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Agarwal S, Hickey JM, Sahni N, Toth RT, Robertson GA, Sitrin R, Cryz S, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Recombinant Subunit Rotavirus Trivalent Vaccine Candidate: Physicochemical Comparisons and Stability Evaluations of Three Protein Antigens. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:380-393. [PMID: 31400347 PMCID: PMC6941226 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although live attenuated Rotavirus (RV) vaccines are available globally to provide protection against enteric RV disease, efficacy is substantially lower in low- to middle-income settings leading to interest in alternative vaccines. One promising candidate is a trivalent nonreplicating RV vaccine, comprising 3 truncated RV VP8 subunit proteins fused to the P2 CD4+ epitope from tetanus toxin (P2-VP8-P[4/6/8]). A wide variety of analytical techniques were used to compare the physicochemical properties of these 3 recombinant fusion proteins. Various environmental stresses were used to evaluate antigen stability and elucidate degradation pathways. P2-VP8-P[4] and P2-VP8-P[6] displayed similar physical stability profiles as function of pH and temperature while P2-VP8-P[8] was relatively more stable. Forced degradation studies revealed similar chemical stability profiles with Met1 most susceptible to oxidation, the single Cys residue (at position 173/172) forming intermolecular disulfide bonds (P2-VP8-P[6] was most susceptible), and Asn7 undergoing the highest levels of deamidation. These results are visualized in a structural model of the nonreplicating RV antigens. The establishment of key structural attributes of each antigen, along with corresponding stability-indicating methods, have been applied to vaccine formulation development efforts (see companion paper), and will be utilized in future analytical comparability assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Neha Sahni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Ronald T Toth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - George A Robertson
- The Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia 20001
| | - Robert Sitrin
- The Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia 20001
| | - Stanley Cryz
- The Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia 20001
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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7
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Hu Y, Kumru OS, Xiong J, Antunez LR, Hickey J, Wang Y, Cavacini L, Klempner M, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Preformulation Characterization and Stability Assessments of Secretory IgA Monoclonal Antibodies as Potential Candidates for Passive Immunization by Oral Administration. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:407-421. [PMID: 31369743 PMCID: PMC6941217 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrheal disease among children in developing countries, and there are no licensed vaccines to protect against ETEC. Passive immunization by oral delivery of ETEC-specific secretory IgAs (sIgAs) could potentially provide an alternative approach for protection in targeted populations. In this study, a series of physiochemical techniques and an in vitro gastric digestion model were used to characterize and compare key structural attributes and stability profiles of 3 anti-heat-labile enterotoxin mAbs (sIgA1, sIgA2, and IgG1 produced in CHO cells). The mAbs were evaluated in terms of primary structure, N-linked glycan profiles, size and aggregate content, relative apparent solubility, conformational stability, and in vitro antigen binding. Compared to IgG1 mAb, sIgA1 and sIgA2 mAbs showed increased sample heterogeneity, especially in terms of N-glycan composition and the presence of higher molecular weight species. The sIgA mAbs showed overall better physical stability and were more resistant to loss of antigen binding activity during incubation at low pH, 37°C with pepsin. These results are discussed in terms of future challenges to design stable, low-cost formulations of sIgA mAbs as an oral supplement for passive immunization to protect against enteric diseases in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Lorena R Antunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02126
| | - Lisa Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02126
| | - Mark Klempner
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02126
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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8
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Funatsu K, Kiminami H, Abe Y, Carpenter JF. Impact of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization of Polymer-Based Prefilled Syringes on Chemical Degradation of a Model Therapeutic Protein During Storage. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:770-774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Malmstrøm J. Quantification of Silicone Oil and Its Degradation Products in Aqueous Pharmaceutical Formulations by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1512-1520. [PMID: 30471289 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past years, there has been an increasing focus on the presence of silicone oil as a contaminant in pharmaceutical formulations kept in prefilled syringes (PFSs). As the PFSs are coated on the inner wall with silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane), there is a potential risk that the oil can migrate from the inner surface of the primary packing material into the aqueous solution. Several studies have demonstrated that presence of silicone oil as droplets in a high-concentrated protein formulation can cause protein aggregation. Hence, because the use of silicone-coated primary packing material for protein formulations are increasing, the call for an easy and quantitative method for determination of silicone oil and its degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations is therefore needed. Several analytical techniques have in the past been developed with the aim of detecting the presence of silicone oil and degradation products hereof. Most of these methods require hydrolyzation, derivatization, and extraction steps followed by, for example, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Applying these methods can cause a loss in detection or an overestimation of the hydrolytic degradation products of silicone oil, that is, trimethylsilanol and dimethylsilanediol. The 2 silanols are highly hydrophilic and prefers the aqueous environment. Analysis of an aqueous formulation obtained from a PFS by 1H-NMR spectroscopy provides data about the content and levels of silicone oil and the 2 silanols even in levels below 10 ppm. The 1H-NMR method offers an easy and direct, quantitative measurement of samples intended for clinical use and samples kept at elevated temperature for a prolonged time (i.e., stability studies). The result of the study presented here showed dimethylsilanediol to be the main silicone compound present in the aqueous formulation when kept in baked-on PFSs. The degradation product dimethylsilanediol, in full accordance with expected hydrolytic degradation of silicone oil, increased during storage and with elevated temperature. In addition, the method can be applied to aqueous samples where polydimethylsiloxane has been added as, for example, the major constituent of antifoam.
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10
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Toprani VM, Cheng Y, Wahome N, Khasa H, Kueltzo LA, Schwartz RM, Middaugh CR, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Structural Characterization and Formulation Development of a Trivalent Equine Encephalitis Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2544-2558. [PMID: 29883665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The zoonotic equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs) can cause debilitating and life-threatening disease, leading to ongoing vaccine development efforts for an effective virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on 3 strains of EEV (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan or EEE, WEE and VEE VLPs, respectively). In this work, transmission electron microscopy and light scattering studies showed enveloped, spherical, and ∼70 nm sized VLPs. Biophysical studies demonstrated optimal VLP physical stability in the pH range of 7.5-8.5 and at temperatures below ∼50°C. Interestingly, the individual stability profiles differed notably between the 3 VLPs. Numerous pharmaceutical excipients were screened for their VLP stabilizing effects against thermal stress. Sucrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride, and pluronic F-68 were identified as promising stabilizers and the concentrations and combinations of these additives were optimized. Candidate monovalent VLP bulk formulations were incubated at temperatures ranging from -80°C to 40°C to establish freeze-thaw, long-term (2°C-8°C) and accelerated stability trends. Good VLP stability profiles were observed at each storage temperature, except for a distinct instability observed at -20°C. The interaction of monovalent and trivalent VLP formulations with aluminum adjuvants was examined, both in terms of antigen adsorption and desorption over time. The implications of these findings on future vaccine formulation development of EEV VLPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Toprani
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Newton Wahome
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Harshit Khasa
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Lisa A Kueltzo
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard M Schwartz
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Ambrogelly A, Gozo S, Katiyar A, Dellatore S, Kune Y, Bhat R, Sun J, Li N, Wang D, Nowak C, Neill A, Ponniah G, King C, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Analytical comparability study of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2018; 10:513-538. [PMID: 29513619 PMCID: PMC5973765 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1438797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Process changes are inevitable in the life cycle of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Products made using pre- and post-change processes are required to be comparable as demonstrated by comparability studies to qualify for continuous development and commercial supply. Establishment of comparability is a systematic process of gathering and evaluating data based on scientific understanding and clinical experience of the relationship between product quality attributes and their impact on safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the current understanding of various modifications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. It further outlines the critical steps in designing and executing successful comparability studies to support process changes at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ambrogelly
- Biologics Analytical Operations, Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development, Gilead Sciences, Ocean Ranch Blvd, Oceanside, CA
| | - Stephen Gozo
- Analytical Research & Development-Biologics, Celgene Corporation, Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ
| | - Amit Katiyar
- Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington Rocky Road, Pennington, NJ
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Biologics & Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Yune Kune
- Fortress Biologicals, Sawyer Road, Suite, Waltham, MA
| | - Ram Bhat
- Millennium Research laboratories, New Boston Street, Woburn, MA
| | - Joanne Sun
- Product Development, Innovent Biologics, Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Analytical Department, BioAnalytix, Inc., Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Cory King
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Bruce Mason
- Pre-formulation, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alain Beck
- Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex, France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
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12
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Improving Biopharmaceutical Safety through Verification-Based Quality Control. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1140-1155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Yu B, Zeng L, Yang H. A Risk-Based Approach to Setting Acceptance Criteria for Pharmaceutical Process Comparability. J Pharm Innov 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-017-9295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Goldrick S, Holmes W, Bond NJ, Lewis G, Kuiper M, Turner R, Farid SS. Advanced multivariate data analysis to determine the root cause of trisulfide bond formation in a novel antibody-peptide fusion. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2222-2234. [PMID: 28500668 PMCID: PMC5600124 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Product quality heterogeneities, such as a trisulfide bond (TSB) formation, can be influenced by multiple interacting process parameters. Identifying their root cause is a major challenge in biopharmaceutical production. To address this issue, this paper describes the novel application of advanced multivariate data analysis (MVDA) techniques to identify the process parameters influencing TSB formation in a novel recombinant antibody-peptide fusion expressed in mammalian cell culture. The screening dataset was generated with a high-throughput (HT) micro-bioreactor system (AmbrTM 15) using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The complex dataset was firstly analyzed through the development of a multiple linear regression model focusing solely on the DoE inputs and identified the temperature, pH and initial nutrient feed day as important process parameters influencing this quality attribute. To further scrutinize the dataset, a partial least squares model was subsequently built incorporating both on-line and off-line process parameters and enabled accurate predictions of the TSB concentration at harvest. Process parameters identified by the models to promote and suppress TSB formation were implemented on five 7 L bioreactors and the resultant TSB concentrations were comparable to the model predictions. This study demonstrates the ability of MVDA to enable predictions of the key performance drivers influencing TSB formation that are valid also upon scale-up. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2222-2234. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Goldrick
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonGordon StreetWC1H 0AH LondonUnited Kingdom
- MedImmuneGranta ParkCambridge CB21 6GHUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gareth Lewis
- MedImmuneGranta ParkCambridge CB21 6GHUnited Kingdom
| | - Marcel Kuiper
- MedImmuneGranta ParkCambridge CB21 6GHUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Suzanne S. Farid
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonGordon StreetWC1H 0AH LondonUnited Kingdom
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15
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Yu B, Zeng L, Yang H. Determination of acceptance criteria and sample sizes for accelerated stability comparability studies for biologics. Biologicals 2017; 49:46-50. [PMID: 28743417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of manufacturing processes are common. It is required by the regulatory agencies that manufacturers establish adequate and appropriate comparability between pre-change and post-change products. The goals of comparability assessments are to demonstrate the comparability and consistency of product quality before and after change and to demonstrate that the changes do not have an adverse effect on safety and efficacy of the drug products. Accelerated or stressed stability studies may shed light on drug quality under stressed environmental conditions and on product differences in the degradation pathways. Comparability of accelerated stability data may provide further evidence on the impact of process change. Equivalence test has been recommended to demonstrate the comparability of stability profiles for accelerated stability studies. Selection of appropriate acceptance criteria for determining comparability is one of the most challenging steps in the comparability studies. Because of the inherent heterogeneity of biologics, the stability profiles may vary considerably from batch to batch. It is more challenging to set the acceptance criteria for comparing the accelerated stability data for biologics. In this article, we present an approach for determining the acceptance criteria and necessary sample sizes for accelerated comparability studies for biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbing Yu
- MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
| | - Lingmin Zeng
- MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Harry Yang
- MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
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16
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Kleindl PA, Xiong J, Hewarathna A, Mozziconacci O, Nariya MK, Fisher AC, Deeds EJ, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Schöneich C, Volkin DB, Forrest ML. The Botanical Drug Substance Crofelemer as a Model System for Comparative Characterization of Complex Mixture Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3242-3256. [PMID: 28743606 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crofelemer is a botanical polymeric proanthocyanidin that inhibits chloride channel activity and is used clinically for treating HIV-associated secretory diarrhea. Crofelemer lots may exhibit significant physicochemical variation due to the natural source of the raw material. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological assays were used to identify potential critical quality attributes (CQAs) of crofelemer, which may be useful in characterizing differently sourced and processed drug products. Crofelemer drug substance was extracted from tablets of one commercial drug product lot, fractionated, and subjected to accelerated thermal degradation studies to produce derivative lots with variations in chemical and physical composition potentially representative of manufacturing and raw material variation. Liquid chromatography, UV absorbance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed substantial changes in the composition of derivative lots. A chloride channel inhibition cell-based bioassay suggested that substantial changes in crofelemer composition did not necessarily result in major changes to bioactivity. In 2 companion papers, machine learning and data mining approaches were applied to the analytical and biological data sets presented herein, along with chemical stability data sets derived from forced degradation studies, to develop an integrated mathematical model that can identify CQAs which are most relevant in distinguishing between different populations of crofelemer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Asha Hewarathna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Maulik K Nariya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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17
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Nariya MK, Kim JH, Xiong J, Kleindl PA, Hewarathna A, Fisher AC, Joshi SB, Schöneich C, Forrest ML, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB, Deeds EJ. Comparative Characterization of Crofelemer Samples Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Approaches With Analytical Stability Data Sets. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3270-3279. [PMID: 28743607 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in generating physicochemical and biological analytical data sets to compare complex mixture drugs, for example, products from different manufacturers. In this work, we compare various crofelemer samples prepared from a single lot by filtration with varying molecular weight cutoffs combined with incubation for different times at different temperatures. The 2 preceding articles describe experimental data sets generated from analytical characterization of fractionated and degraded crofelemer samples. In this work, we use data mining techniques such as principal component analysis and mutual information scores to help visualize the data and determine discriminatory regions within these large data sets. The mutual information score identifies chemical signatures that differentiate crofelemer samples. These signatures, in many cases, would likely be missed by traditional data analysis tools. We also found that supervised learning classifiers robustly discriminate samples with around 99% classification accuracy, indicating that mathematical models of these physicochemical data sets are capable of identifying even subtle differences in crofelemer samples. Data mining and machine learning techniques can thus identify fingerprint-type attributes of complex mixture drugs that may be used for comparative characterization of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik K Nariya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Asha Hewarathna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501.
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18
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Montacir O, Montacir H, Eravci M, Springer A, Hinderlich S, Saadati A, Parr MK. Comparability study of Rituximab originator and follow-on biopharmaceutical. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:239-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Fan L, Rizzi G, Bierilo K, Tian J, Yee JC, Russell R, Das TK. Comparative study of therapeutic antibody candidates derived from mini-pool and clonal cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1456-1462. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianchun Fan
- Cellular Molecular Biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Giovanni Rizzi
- Cellular Molecular Biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Kathleen Bierilo
- Cellular Molecular Biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Jun Tian
- Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens MA 01434
| | - Joon Chong Yee
- Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens MA 01434
| | - Reb Russell
- Analytical and Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
| | - Tapan K Das
- Biologics Characterization & Analytical Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Pennington NJ 08534
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20
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Silicone Migration From Baked-on Silicone Layers. Particle Characterization in Placebo and Protein Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3520-3531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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A Micro–Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation Assay as a Relative Solubility Screening Tool for Monoclonal Antibody Design and Formulation Development. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Optimization of the bake-on siliconization of cartridges. Part I: Optimization of the spray-on parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:200-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Saller V, Hediger C, Matilainen J, Grauschopf U, Bechtold-Peters K, Mahler HC, Friess W. Influence of particle shedding from silicone tubing on antibody stability. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 70:675-685. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Peristaltic pumps are increasingly employed during fill & finish operations of a biopharmaceutical drug, due to sensitivity of many biological products to rotary piston pump-related stresses. Yet, possibly also unit operations using peristaltic pumps may shed particulates into the final product due to abrasion from the employed tubing. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the potential influence of particles shed from peristaltic pump tubing on the stability of a drug product.
Methods
Spiking solutions containing shed silicone particles were prepared via peristaltic pumping of placebo under recirculating conditions and subsequently characterized. Two formulated antibodies were spiked with two realistic, but worst-case levels of particles and a 6-month accelerated stability study with storage at 2–8, 25 and 40°C were conducted.
Key findings
Regarding the formation of aggregates and fragments, both mAbs degraded at their typically expected rates and no additional impact of spiked particles was observed. No changes were discerned however in turbidity, subvisible and visible particle assessments. Flow imaging data for one of the mAb formulations with spiked particles suggested limited colloidal stability of shed particles as indicated by a similar increase in spiked placebo.
Conclusions
Shed silicone particles from peristaltic pump tubing are assumed to not impair drug product stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Saller
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Hediger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Matilainen
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulla Grauschopf
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoline Bechtold-Peters
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanns-Christian Mahler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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24
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Kim JH, Joshi SB, Tolbert TJ, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB, Smalter Hall A. Biosimilarity Assessments of Model IgG1-Fc Glycoforms Using a Machine Learning Approach. J Pharm Sci 2015; 105:602-612. [PMID: 26869422 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosimilarity assessments are performed to decide whether 2 preparations of complex biomolecules can be considered "highly similar." In this work, a machine learning approach is demonstrated as a mathematical tool for such assessments using a variety of analytical data sets. As proof-of-principle, physical stability data sets from 8 samples, 4 well-defined immunoglobulin G1-Fragment crystallizable glycoforms in 2 different formulations, were examined (see More et al., companion article in this issue). The data sets included triplicate measurements from 3 analytical methods across different pH and temperature conditions (2066 data features). Established machine learning techniques were used to determine whether the data sets contain sufficient discriminative power in this application. The support vector machine classifier identified the 8 distinct samples with high accuracy. For these data sets, there exists a minimum threshold in terms of information quality and volume to grant enough discriminative power. Generally, data from multiple analytical techniques, multiple pH conditions, and at least 200 representative features were required to achieve the highest discriminative accuracy. In addition to classification accuracy tests, various methods such as sample space visualization, similarity analysis based on Euclidean distance, and feature ranking by mutual information scores are demonstrated to display their effectiveness as modeling tools for biosimilarity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Aaron Smalter Hall
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Lab, Molecular Structures Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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25
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More AS, Toprani VM, Okbazghi SZ, Kim JH, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Tolbert TJ, Volkin DB. Correlating the Impact of Well-Defined Oligosaccharide Structures on Physical Stability Profiles of IgG1-Fc Glycoforms. J Pharm Sci 2015; 105:588-601. [PMID: 26869421 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of a series of articles in this special issue describing 4 well-defined IgG1-Fc glycoforms as a model system for biosimilarity analysis (high mannose-Fc, Man5-Fc, GlcNAc-Fc and N297Q-Fc aglycosylated), the focus of this work is comparisons of their physical properties. A trend of decreasing apparent solubility (thermodynamic activity) by polyethylene glycol precipitation (pH 4.5, 6.0) and lower conformational stability by differential scanning calorimetry (pH 4.5) was observed with reducing size of the N297-linked oligosaccharide structures. Using multiple high-throughput biophysical techniques, the physical stability of the Fc glycoproteins was then measured in 2 formulations (NaCl and sucrose) across a wide range of temperatures (10°C-90°C) and pH (4.0-7.5) conditions. The data sets were used to construct 3-index empirical phase diagrams and radar charts to visualize the regions of protein structural stability. Each glycoform showed improved stability in the sucrose (vs. salt) formulation. The HM-Fc and Man5-Fc displayed the highest relative stability, followed by GlcNAc-Fc, with N297Q-Fc being the least stable. Thus, the overall physical stability profiles of the 4 IgG1-Fc glycoforms also show a correlation with oligosaccharide structure. These data sets are used to develop a mathematical model for biosimilarity analysis (as described in a companion article by Kim et al. in this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva S More
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Vishal M Toprani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Solomon Z Okbazghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jae H Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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26
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Funke S, Matilainen J, Nalenz H, Bechtold-Peters K, Mahler HC, Friess W. Analysis of thin baked-on silicone layers by FTIR and 3D-Laser Scanning Microscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Jung SK, Lee KH, Jeon JW, Lee JW, Kwon BO, Kim YJ, Bae JS, Kim DI, Lee SY, Chang SJ. Physicochemical characterization of Remsima. MAbs 2015; 6:1163-77. [PMID: 25517302 PMCID: PMC4622713 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remsima® (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima® in relation to Remicade® was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima® has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima® were also found to be comparable with those of Remicade®. In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima® was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima® can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade® in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade®.
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Assessment of the impact of manufacturing changes on the physicochemical properties and biological activity of Her1-ECD vaccine during product development. Vaccine 2015; 33:4292-9. [PMID: 26003492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine preparations based on the extracellular domain of Her1 (Her1-ECD) have demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, a potent antimetastatic effect on EGFR(+) Lewis lung carcinoma model, while associated side effects were absent. The Her1-ECD is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 105 kDa and has 11 potential sites for N-glycosylation. Currently Her1-ECD based vaccine has been evaluated in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. Her1-ECD molecule used for in clinical trials was obtained from culture supernatant of HEK 293 transfectomes used the protein free culture media and is purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. In order to increase the cell growth and productivity, new defined culture media have been developed (alternative culture media) in Her1-ECD vaccine production process. In this work, a comparability study was performed to evaluate the impact of process changes in the characteristics physic-chemical and biologicals of the Her1-ECD protein and the degree of similitude between both variants. Techniques such as: SDS-PAGE, SEC-HPLC, isoelectric point, peptide mapping, mass spectrometric, SCX-HPLC, oligosaccharide map, ELISA and flow cytometric were used with this aim. Results indicated that this process change decreases the degree of sialylation of the protein but does not affect its biological activity (measured as titers of Abs and recognition for A431 cell line).
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29
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Concomitant Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering for characterization of therapeutic proteins at high concentrations. Anal Biochem 2014; 472:7-20. [PMID: 25475399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Raman spectrometer and dynamic light scattering system were combined in a single platform (Raman-DLS) to provide concomitant higher order structural and hydrodynamic size data for therapeutic proteins at high concentration. As model therapeutic proteins, we studied human serum albumin (HSA) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). HSA concentration and temperature interval during heating did not affect the onset temperatures for conformation perturbation or aggregation. The impact of pH on thermal stability of HSA was tested at pHs 3, 5, and 8. Stability was the greatest at pH 8, but distinct unfolding and aggregation behaviors were observed at the different pHs. HSA structural transitions and aggregation kinetics were also studied in real time during isothermal incubations at pH 7. In a forced oxidation study, it was found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment reduced the thermal stability of HSA. Finally, the structure and thermal stability of IVIG were studied, and a comprehensive characterization of heating-induced structural perturbations and aggregation was obtained. In conclusion, by providing comprehensive data on protein tertiary and secondary structures and hydrodynamic size during real-time heating or isothermal incubation experiments, the Raman-DLS system offers unique physical insights into the properties of high-concentration protein samples.
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30
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Hmiel LK, Brorson KA, Boyne MT. Post-translational structural modifications of immunoglobulin G and their effect on biological activity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:79-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Naik S, Kumru OS, Cullom M, Telikepalli SN, Lindboe E, Roop TL, Joshi SB, Amin D, Gao P, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB, Fisher MT. Probing structurally altered and aggregated states of therapeutically relevant proteins using GroEL coupled to bio-layer interferometry. Protein Sci 2014; 23:1461-78. [PMID: 25043635 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a GroEL-based bio-layer interferometry (BLI) assay to detect structurally altered and/or aggregated species of pharmaceutically relevant proteins is demonstrated. Assay development included optimizing biotinylated-GroEL immobilization to streptavidin biosensors, combined with biophysical and activity measurements showing native and biotinylated GroEL are both stable and active. First, acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) was incubated under conditions known to promote (40°C) and inhibit (heparin addition) molten globule formation. Heat exposed (40°C) FGF-1 exhibited binding to GroEL-biosensors, which was significantly diminished in the presence of heparin. Second, a polyclonal human IgG solution containing 6-8% non-native dimer showed an increase in higher molecular weight aggregates upon heating by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The poly IgG solution displayed binding to GroEL-biosensors initially with progressively increased binding upon heating. Enriched preparations of the IgG dimers or monomers showed significant binding to GroEL-biosensors. Finally, a thermally treated IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution also demonstrated increased GroEL-biosensor binding, but with different kinetics. The bound complexes could be partially to fully dissociated after ATP addition (i.e., specific GroEL binding) depending on the protein, environmental stress, and the assay's experimental conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of GroEL-mAb complexes, released from the biosensor, also confirmed interaction of bound complexes at the GroEL binding site with heat-stressed mAb. Results indicate that the GroEL-biosensor-BLI method can detect conformationally altered and/or early aggregation states of proteins, and may potentially be useful as a rapid, stability-indicating biosensor assay for monitoring the structural integrity and physical stability of therapeutic protein candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashchandra Naik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160
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Gerhardt A, Mcgraw NR, Schwartz DK, Bee JS, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW. Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Prefilled Glass Syringes. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1601-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Impact of Residual Impurities and Contaminants on Protein Stability. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1315-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Depaz RA, Chevolleau T, Jouffray S, Narwal R, Dimitrova MN. Cross-Linked Silicone Coating: A Novel Prefilled Syringe Technology That Reduces Subvisible Particles and Maintains Compatibility with Biologics. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1384-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Alsenaidy MA, Okbazghi SZ, Kim JH, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Tolbert TJ, Volkin DB. Physical stability comparisons of IgG1-Fc variants: effects of N-glycosylation site occupancy and Asp/Gln residues at site Asn 297. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1613-1627. [PMID: 24740840 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The structural integrity and conformational stability of various IgG1-Fc proteins produced from the yeast Pichia pastoris with different glycosylation site occupancy (di-, mono-, and nonglycosylated) were determined. In addition, the physical stability profiles of three different forms of nonglycosylated Fc molecules (varying amino-acid residues at site 297 in the CH 2 domain due to the point mutations and enzymatic digestion of the Fc glycoforms) were also examined. The physical stability of these IgG1-Fc glycoproteins was examined as a function of pH and temperature by high-throughput biophysical analysis using multiple techniques combined with data visualization tools (three index empirical phase diagrams and radar charts). Across the pH range of 4.0-6.0, the di- and monoglycosylated forms of the IgG1-Fc showed the highest and lowest levels of physical stability, respectively, with the nonglycosylated forms showing intermediate stability depending on solution pH. In the aglycosylated Fc proteins, the introduction of Asp (D) residues at site 297 (QQ vs. DN vs. DD forms) resulted in more subtle changes in structural integrity and physical stability depending on solution pH. The utility of evaluating the conformational stability profile differences between the various IgG1-Fc glycoproteins is discussed in the context of analytical comparability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alsenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Solomon Z Okbazghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Alsenaidy MA, Jain NK, Kim JH, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB. Protein comparability assessments and potential applicability of high throughput biophysical methods and data visualization tools to compare physical stability profiles. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:39. [PMID: 24659968 PMCID: PMC3950620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, some of the challenges and opportunities encountered during protein comparability assessments are summarized with an emphasis on developing new analytical approaches to better monitor higher-order protein structures. Several case studies are presented using high throughput biophysical methods to collect protein physical stability data as function of temperature, agitation, ionic strength and/or solution pH. These large data sets were then used to construct empirical phase diagrams (EPDs), radar charts, and comparative signature diagrams (CSDs) for data visualization and structural comparisons between the different proteins. Protein samples with different sizes, post-translational modifications, and inherent stability are presented: acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) mutants, different glycoforms of an IgG1 mAb prepared by deglycosylation, as well as comparisons of different formulations of an IgG1 mAb and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF). Using this approach, differences in structural integrity and conformational stability profiles were detected under stress conditions that could not be resolved by using the same techniques under ambient conditions (i.e., no stress). Thus, an evaluation of conformational stability differences may serve as an effective surrogate to monitor differences in higher-order structure between protein samples. These case studies are discussed in the context of potential utility in protein comparability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alsenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Nishant K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jae H Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
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37
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Topp EM. Commentary: current perspectives on the aggregation of protein drugs. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:413-4. [PMID: 24563118 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, Room 124D, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47901-2091, USA,
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38
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Basu P, Blake-Haskins AW, O'Berry KB, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF. Albinterferon α2b Adsorption to Silicone Oil–Water Interfaces: Effects on Protein Conformation, Aggregation, and Subvisible Particle Formation. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:427-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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39
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Kalonia C, Kumru OS, Kim JH, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB. Radar chart array analysis to visualize effects of formulation variables on IgG1 particle formation as measured by multiple analytical techniques. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4256-67. [PMID: 24122556 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel method to visualize protein aggregate and particle formation data to rapidly evaluate the effect of solution and stress conditions on the physical stability of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Radar chart arrays were designed so that hundreds of microflow digital imaging (MFI) solution measurements, evaluating different mAb formulations under varying stresses, could be presented in a single figure with minimal loss of data resolution. These MFI radar charts show measured changes in subvisible particle number, size, and morphology distribution as a change in the shape of polygons. Radar charts were also created to visualize mAb aggregate and particle formation across a wide size range by combining data sets from size-exclusion chromatography, Archimedes resonant mass measurements, and MFI. We found that the environmental/mechanical stress condition (e.g., heat vs. agitation) was the most important factor in influencing the particle size and morphology distribution with this IgG1 mAb. Additionally, the presence of NaCl exhibited a pH and stress-dependent behavior resulting in promotion or inhibition mAb particle formation. This data visualization technique provides a comprehensive analysis of the aggregation tendencies of this IgG1 mAb in different formulations with varying stresses as measured by different analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavan Kalonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047
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40
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Alsenaidy MA, Kim JH, Majumdar R, Weis DD, Joshi SB, Tolbert TJ, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB. High-throughput biophysical analysis and data visualization of conformational stability of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody after deglycosylation. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3942-56. [PMID: 24114789 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural integrity and conformational stability of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), after partial or complete enzymatic removal of the N-linked Fc glycan, were compared with the untreated mAb over a wide range of temperature (10°C-90°C) and solution pH (3-8) using circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and static light scattering combined with data visualization employing empirical phase diagrams. Subtle-to-larger stability differences between the different glycoforms were observed. Improved detection of physical stability differences was then demonstrated over narrower pH range (4.0-6.0) using smaller temperature increments, especially when combined with an alternative data visualization method (radar plots). Differential scanning calorimetry and differential scanning fluorimetry were then utilized and also showed an improved ability to detect differences in the physical stability of a mAb glycoform. On the basis of these results, a two-step methodology was used in which conformational stability of a mAb glycoform is first screened with a wide variety of instruments and environmental stresses, followed by a second evaluation with optimally sensitive experimental conditions, analytical techniques, and data visualization methods. With this approach, a high-throughput biophysical analysis to assess relatively subtle conformational stability differences in protein glycoforms is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alsenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047
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41
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Federici M, Lubiniecki A, Manikwar P, Volkin DB. Analytical lessons learned from selected therapeutic protein drug comparability studies. Biologicals 2013; 41:131-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Jezek J, Darton NJ, Derham BK, Royle N, Simpson I. Biopharmaceutical formulations for pre-filled delivery devices. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:811-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.780023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Basu P, Sampathkumarkrishnan, Thirumangalathu R, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF. IgG1 Aggregation and Particle Formation Induced by Silicone–water Interfaces on Siliconized Borosilicate Glass Beads: A Model for Siliconized Primary Containers. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:852-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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44
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Gramer MJ. Product Quality Considerations for Mammalian Cell Culture Process Development and Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:123-66. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Britt KA, Schwartz DK, Wurth C, Mahler H, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW. Excipient Effects on Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Interactions with Silicone oil Emulsions. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:4419-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Iyer V, Maddux N, Hu L, Cheng W, Youssef AK, Winter G, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Middaugh CR. Comparative signature diagrams to evaluate biophysical data for differences in protein structure across various formulations. J Pharm Sci 2012; 102:43-51. [PMID: 23160989 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A solution to the problem of being able to show statistically significant differences in the measurements of various levels of higher-order protein structure has been an elusive one. We propose the use of comparative signature diagrams (CSDs) to this end. CSDs compare datasets from different biophysical techniques that fingerprint the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of a protein molecule and display statistically significant differences in these datasets. In this paper, we explore the differences in the structures of two proteins (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor [GCSF] and a monoclonal antibody [mAb]) in various formulations. These proteins were chosen based on the extent of differences in structure observed in the formulations. As an initial test, we utilize data from circular dichroism, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonate and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, and static light scattering measurements to fingerprint protein structure in the different formulations. Several layers of statistics were explored to visualize the regions of significant differences in the protein spectra. This approach provides a rapid, high-resolution methodology to compare various structural levels of proteins using standard biophysical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyashankara Iyer
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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47
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The future of protein particle characterization and understanding its potential to diminish the immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals: A shared perspective. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3580-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Berkowitz SA, Engen JR, Mazzeo JR, Jones GB. Analytical tools for characterizing biopharmaceuticals and the implications for biosimilars. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:527-40. [PMID: 22743980 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies are much more complex than small-molecule drugs, which raises challenging questions for the development and regulatory evaluation of follow-on versions of such biopharmaceutical products (also known as biosimilars) and their clinical use once patent protection for the pioneering biologic has expired. With the recent introduction of regulatory pathways for follow-on versions of complex biologics, the role of analytical technologies in comparing biosimilars with the corresponding reference product is attracting substantial interest in establishing the development requirements for biosimilars. Here, we discuss the current state of the art in analytical technologies to assess three characteristics of protein biopharmaceuticals that regulatory authorities have identified as being important in development strategies for biosimilars: post-translational modifications, three-dimensional structures and protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Berkowitz
- Analytical Development, Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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49
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Das TK. Protein particulate detection issues in biotherapeutics development--current status. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:732-46. [PMID: 22566174 PMCID: PMC3364383 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of aggregates and particulates in biopharmaceutical formulation continues to be one of the major quality concerns in biotherapeutics development. The presence of large quantities of aggregates is believed to be one of the causes of unwanted immunogenic responses. Protein particulates can form in a wide range of sizes and shapes. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of particulates in biologics formulation continues to be challenging. The quantity of small size aggregates (e.g., dimer) in a stable biologics formulation is well controlled using precision analytical techniques (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography). Particulate in clinical and commercial formulations is monitored using visual inspection and subvisible particulate counting assays. While visual inspection (by human eye or automated systems) is intended to detect particulates (intrinsic and extrinsic) of ~100 μm or larger, the subvisible counting methods cover smaller size ranges down to 10 μm. It is well recognized that research of particulates in the submicron (<1 μm) and low-micron (1-10 μm) ranges may provide important clues to understand the mechanism of particulate formation. The recent years have seen a significant increase in the development of newer technologies for more comprehensive characterization of particulates. This is attributed to increased awareness in this field of research over the past 5 years, stimulated by scholarly articles, commentaries, and robust discussions in various forums. This article provides an overview of emerging detection technologies that provide complementary characterization data encompassing a wider size range of particulates. It also discusses their advantages and limitations in the context of applications in biotherapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Das
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA.
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare providers use recombinant biologics such as monoclonal antibodies to treat a variety of serious illnesses. Manufacturing of approved biotechnology products is complex, and the quality of the resulting biologic is dependent on careful control of process inputs and operating conditions. Biosimilars, which are similar but not identical to innovator biologics, are entering regulatory evaluation, approval, and marketing in regions with biosimilar approval pathways. SCOPE AND FINDINGS This article describes the evaluation and potential impact of manufacturing process changes and biosimilar product development, and explores the similarities and distinctions between the two. Regulatory agencies generally require a comparability exercise following a manufacturing process change. This comparability is focused primarily on analytical characterization of the approved product before and after the manufacturing process change, with non-clinical and clinical confirmation required when determined necessary. When developing a biosimilar, the manufacturer does not have access to key information including the innovator manufacturer's cell line, cell culture conditions, purification procedures, and fill and finish processes. Further, the biosimilar manufacturer does not have access to information about the innovator manufacturer's product development history, including knowledge about the quality attributes of lots used in non-clinical and clinical development. We define the biosimilar manufacturer's lack of information as the knowledge gap. As a result, a biosimilarity exercise to compare a biosimilar to an approved innovator biologic requires a rigorous evaluation to ensure the safety and efficacy of the biosimilar. CONCLUSION Given the knowledge gap under which biosimilars are developed, data to establish biosimilarity should go beyond a simple comparability exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymi F Lee
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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