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Seesala VS, Sheikh L, Basu B, Mukherjee S. Mechanical and Bioactive Properties of PMMA Bone Cement: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39240690 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based bone cement has been clinically used extensively in orthopedics for arthroplasty and kyphoplasty, due to its biocompatibility and excellent primary fixation to the host bone. In this focused review, we discuss the use of various fillers and secondary chemical moieties to improve the bioactivity and the physicochemical properties. The viscosity of the PMMA blend formulations and working time are crucial to achieving intimate contact with the osseous tissue, which is highly sensitive to organic or inorganic fillers. Hydroxyapatite as a reinforcement resulted in compromised mechanical properties of the modified cement. The possible mechanisms of the additive- or filler-dependent strengthening or weakening of the PMMA blend are critically reviewed. The addition of layered double hydroxides with surface functionalization appears to be a promising approach to enhance the bonding of filler with the PMMA matrix. Such an approach consequently improves the mechanical properties, owing to enhanced dispersion as well as contributions from crack bridging. Finally, the use of emerging alternatives, such as nanoparticles, and the use of natural biomolecules were highlighted to improve bioactivity and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Sundeep Seesala
- Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India
| | - Lubna Sheikh
- Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India
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2
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Xu H, Yan S, Gerhard E, Xie D, Liu X, Zhang B, Shi D, Ameer GA, Yang J. Citric Acid: A Nexus Between Cellular Mechanisms and Biomaterial Innovations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402871. [PMID: 38801111 PMCID: PMC11309907 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Citrate-based biodegradable polymers have emerged as a distinctive biomaterial platform with tremendous potential for diverse medical applications. By harnessing their versatile chemistry, these polymers exhibit a wide range of material and bioactive properties, enabling them to regulate cell metabolism and stem cell differentiation through energy metabolism, metabonegenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. Moreover, the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance of the biodegradable poly(octamethylene citrate) (POC)/hydroxyapatite-based orthopedic fixation devices represents a translational research milestone for biomaterial science. POC joins a short list of biodegradable synthetic polymers that have ever been authorized by the FDA for use in humans. The clinical success of POC has sparked enthusiasm and accelerated the development of next-generation citrate-based biomaterials. This review presents a comprehensive, forward-thinking discussion on the pivotal role of citrate chemistry and metabolism in various tissue regeneration and on the development of functional citrate-based metabotissugenic biomaterials for regenerative engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ethan Gerhard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
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3
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Orlando JD, Li L, Limbu TB, Deng C, Wolf ME, Vickery WM, Yan F, Sydlik SA. Calcium phosphate graphene and Ti 3C 2T x MXene scaffolds with osteogenic and antibacterial properties. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35434. [PMID: 38874589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive degradable scaffolds that facilitate bone healing while fighting off initial bacterial infection have the potential to change established strategies of dealing with traumatic bone injuries. To achieve this a composite material made from calcium phosphate graphene (CaPG), and MXene was synthesized. CaPG was created by functionalizing graphene oxide with phosphate groups in the presence of CaBr with a Lewis acid catalyst. Through this transformation, Ca2+ and PO4 3- inducerons are released as the material degrades thereby aiding in the process of osteogenesis. The 2D MXene sheets, which have shown to have antibacterial properties, were made by etching the Al from a layered Ti3AlC2 (MAX phase) using HF. The hot-pressed scaffolds made of these materials were designed to combat the possibility of infection during initial surgery and failure of osteogenesis to occur. These two failure modes account for a large percentage of issues that can arise during the treatment of traumatic bone injuries. These scaffolds were able to retain induceron-eluting properties in various weight percentages and bring about osteogenesis with CaPG alone and 2 wt% MXene scaffolds demonstrating increased osteogenic activity as compared to no treatment. Additionally, added MXene provided antibacterial properties that could be seen at as little as 2 wt%. This CaPG and MXene composite provides a possible avenue for developing osteogenic, antibacterial materials for treating bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Orlando
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tej B Limbu
- Department of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Chenyun Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walker M Vickery
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Stefanie A Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Patel V, Mardolkar A, Shelar A, Tiwari R, Srivastava R. Wearable sweat chloride sensors: materials, fabrication and their applications. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1439-1453. [PMID: 38411394 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chloride is a crucial anion required for multiple functions in the human body including maintaining acid-base balance, fluid balance, electrical neutrality and supporting muscles and nerve cells. Low-chloride levels can cause nausea, diarrhoea, etc. Chloride levels are measured in different body fluids such as urine, serum, sweat and saliva. Sweat chloride measurements are used for multiple applications including disease diagnosis, sports monitoring, and geriatric care. For instance, a sweat chloride test is performed for cystic fibrosis screening. Further, sweat also offers continuous non-invasive access to body fluids for real-time monitoring of chloride that could be used for sports and geriatric care. This review focuses on wearable chloride sensors that are used for periodic and continuous chloride monitoring. The multiple sections in the paper discuss the clinical significance of chloride, detection methods, sensor fabrication methods and their application in cystic fibrosis screening, sports and geriatric care. Finally, the last section discusses the limitation of current sensors and future directions for wearable chloride sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, 400076.
| | - Anvi Mardolkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, 400076.
| | - Akshata Shelar
- St. Xavier's College, Autonomous, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400001, India
| | - Ritu Tiwari
- Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, 400076.
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Hossain M, Jeong JH, Sultana T, Kim JH, Moon JE, Im S. A composite of polymethylmethacrylate, hydroxyapatite, and β-tricalcium phosphate for bone regeneration in an osteoporotic rat model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1813-1823. [PMID: 37289178 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test several modifications of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement by incorporating osteoconductive and biodegradable materials for enhancing bone regeneration capacity in an osteoporotic rat model. Three bio-composites (PHT-1 [80% PMMA, 16% HA, 4% β-TCP], PHT-2 [70% PMMA, 24% HA, 6% β-TCP], and PHT-3 [30% PMMA, 56% HA, 14% β-TCP]) were prepared using different concentrations of PMMA, hydroxyapatite (HA), and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Their morphological structure was then examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical properties were determined using a MTS 858 Bionics test machine (MTS, Minneapolis, MN, USA). For in vivo studies, 35 female Wister rats (250 g, 12 weeks of age) were prepared and divided into five groups including a sham group (control), an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis group (OVX), an OVX with pure PMMA group (PMMA), an OVX with PHT-2 group (PHT-2), and an OVX with PHT-3 group (PHT-3). In vivo bone regeneration efficacy was assessed using micro-CT and histological analysis after injecting the prepared bone cement into the tibial defects of osteoporotic rats. SEM investigation showed that the PHT-3 sample had the highest porosity and roughness among all samples. In comparison to other samples, the PHT-3 exhibited favorable mechanical properties for use in vertebroplasty procedures. Micro-CT and histological analysis of OVX-induced osteoporotic rats revealed that PHT-3 was more effective in regenerating bone and restoring bone density than other samples. This study suggests that the PHT-3 bio-composite can be a promising candidate for treating osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Tamima Sultana
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Moon
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Soobin Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
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Cherednichenko K, Sayfutdinova A, Rimashevskiy D, Malik B, Panchenko A, Kopitsyna M, Ragnaev S, Vinokurov V, Voronin D, Kopitsyn D. Composite Bone Cements with Enhanced Drug Elution. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3757. [PMID: 37765611 PMCID: PMC10535863 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) has become an indispensable material in orthopedic surgery in recent decades, owing to the possibility of drugs delivery to the surgical site. It is applied for both infection prophylaxis (e.g., in primary joint arthroplasty) and infection treatment (e.g., in periprosthetic infection). However, the introduction of antibiotic to the polymer matrix diminishes the mechanical strength of the latter. Moreover, the majority of the loaded antibiotic remains embedded in polymer and does not participate in drug elution. Incorporation of the various additives to ALBC can help to overcome these issues. In this paper, four different natural micro/nanoscale materials (halloysite, nanocrystalline cellulose, micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose) were tested as additives to commercial Simplex P bone cement preloaded with vancomycin. The influence of all four materials on the polymerization process was comprehensively studied, including the investigation of the maximum temperature of polymerization, setting time, and monomer leaching. The introduction of the natural additives led to a considerable enhancement of drug elution and microhardness in the composite bone cements compared to ALBC. The best combination of the polymerization rate, monomer leaching, antibiotic release, and microhardness was observed for the sample containing nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Cherednichenko
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
| | - Adeliya Sayfutdinova
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
| | - Denis Rimashevskiy
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Birzhan Malik
- Astana Medical University, Beybitshilik Street 49a, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Panchenko
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
| | - Maria Kopitsyna
- Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information “VINITI RAS”, Moscow 125190, Russia
| | - Stanislav Ragnaev
- Multidisciplinary Hospital Named after Professor Kh.Zh. Makazhanov, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladimir Vinokurov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
| | - Denis Voronin
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
| | - Dmitry Kopitsyn
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.C.)
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Abere DV, Ojo SA, Oyatogun GM, Paredes-Epinosa MB, Niluxsshun MCD, Hakami A. Mechanical and morphological characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) for bone regeneration: A mini review. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Tan QC, Jiang XS, Chen L, Huang JF, Zhou QX, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Sun YN, Wei M, Zhao X, Yang Z, Lei W, Tang YF, Wu ZX. Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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10
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Evaluating the Performance of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Date Pit Particles for Its Suitability as an Acetabular Liner in Artificial Hip Joints. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163321. [PMID: 36015578 PMCID: PMC9416500 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-the-shelf hip joints are considered essential parts in rehabilitation medicine that can help the disabled. However, the failure of the materials used in such joints can cause individual discomfort. In support of the various motor conditions of the influenced individuals, the aim of the current research is to develop a new composite that can be used as an acetabular liner inside the hip joint. Polylactic acid (PLA) can provide the advantage of design flexibility owing to its well-known applicability as a 3D printed material. However, using PLA as an acetabular liner is subject to limitations concerning mechanical properties. We developed a complete production process of a natural filler, i.e., date pits. Then, the PLA and date pit particles were extruded for homogenous mixing, producing a composite filament that can be used in 3D printing. Date pit particles with loading fractions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt.% are dispersed in the PLA. The thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of the PLA–date pit composites were estimated experimentally. The incorporation of date pit particles into PLA enhanced the compressive strength and stiffness but resulted in a reduction in the elongation and toughness. A finite element model (FEM) for hip joints was constructed, and the contact stresses on the surface of the acetabular liner were evaluated. The FEM results showed an enhancement in the composite load carrying capacity, in agreement with the experimental results.
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11
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Ullah H, Wahab MA, Will G, Karim MR, Pan T, Gao M, Lai D, Lin Y, Miraz MH. Recent Advances in Stretchable and Wearable Capacitive Electrophysiological Sensors for Long-Term Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080630. [PMID: 36005025 PMCID: PMC9406032 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadaate Ullah
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Md A. Wahab
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Will
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dakun Lai
- Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Corporation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mahdi H. Miraz
- School of Computing and Data Science, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
- School of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Wrexham LL112AW, UK
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12
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Wei Y, Baskaran N, Wang HY, Su YC, Nabilla SC, Chung RJ. Study of polymethylmethacrylate/tricalcium silicate composite cement for orthopedic application. Biomed J 2022; 46:100540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Al Maruf DSA, Parthasarathi K, Cheng K, Mukherjee P, McKenzie DR, Crook JM, Wallace GG, Clark JR. Current and future perspectives on biomaterials for segmental mandibular defect repair. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Abdullah Al Maruf
- Craniomaxillofacial Prosthetic and Advanced Reconstructive Translational Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Krishnan Parthasarathi
- Craniomaxillofacial Prosthetic and Advanced Reconstructive Translational Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kai Cheng
- Craniomaxillofacial Prosthetic and Advanced Reconstructive Translational Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- The Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Payal Mukherjee
- Craniomaxillofacial Prosthetic and Advanced Reconstructive Translational Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- The Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David R. McKenzie
- Biomedical Innovation, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jeremy M. Crook
- Biomedical Innovation, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- Sarcoma and Surgical Research Centre, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarrah Health and Medical Research Institute, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Craniomaxillofacial Prosthetic and Advanced Reconstructive Translational Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- The Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
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Khan A, Khan GH, Mirza EH, Chandio A, Mohsin M, Hassan M, Naushad M, Jafri AR. Development and Characterization of Acrylic Based Bone Cements. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a multidisciplinary field in recent times with an aim to expedite the process of regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues. This study is an attempt to fabricate and characterize Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) and Chitosan incorporated Polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA) based bone cement. In total two experimental PMMA based bone cements were fabricated that were differentiated by presence and absence of Chitosan. In both groups (10 and 30 wt.%) TCP were incorporated into Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer. PMMA was used as a control. The physical,
mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were assessed. Morphological changes of PMMA after the introduction of TCP and Chitosan were observed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Major peak shifts in Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra demonstrated the strong
bonding of PMMA with incorporated materials. PMMA incorporated with 10% TCP showed the maximum wettability in absence of Chitosan. Hardness of the tested specimens decreased with increasing content of TCP which in turns enhanced ductility. It was also observed that neither of the samples showed
significant degradation. The incorporation of additives enhance the physical and chemical properties of PMMA as bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Ghazna Hassan Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Eraj Humayun Mirza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Alidad Chandio
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Mohsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Manal Naushad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Jafri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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15
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Zhao H, Liu R, Zhang H, Cao P, Liu Z, Li Y. Research Progress on the Flexibility of an Implantable Neural Microelectrode. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:386. [PMID: 35334680 PMCID: PMC8954487 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural microelectrode is the important bridge of information exchange between the human body and machines. By recording and transmitting nerve signals with electrodes, people can control the external machines. At the same time, using electrodes to electrically stimulate nerve tissue, people with long-term brain diseases will be safely and reliably treated. Young's modulus of the traditional rigid electrode probe is not matched well with that of biological tissue, and tissue immune rejection is easy to generate, resulting in the electrode not being able to achieve long-term safety and reliable working. In recent years, the choice of flexible materials and design of electrode structures can achieve modulus matching between electrode and biological tissue, and tissue damage is decreased. This review discusses nerve microelectrodes based on flexible electrode materials and substrate materials. Simultaneously, different structural designs of neural microelectrodes are reviewed. However, flexible electrode probes are difficult to implant into the brain. Only with the aid of certain auxiliary devices, can the implant be safe and reliable. The implantation method of the nerve microelectrode is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Ruping Liu
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Division of Optics, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
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16
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Tham DQ, Huynh MD, Linh NTD, Van DTC, Cong DV, Dung NTK, Trang NTT, Lam PV, Hoang T, Lam TD. PMMA Bone Cements Modified with Silane-Treated and PMMA-Grafted Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals: Preparation and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223860. [PMID: 34833161 PMCID: PMC8617905 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated hydroxyapatite (vHAP) and PMMA-grafted HAP (gHAP) were successfully prepared from original HAP (oHAP). Three kinds of HAP (oHAP, vHAP and g HAP) were used as additives for the preparation of three groups of HAP-modified PMMA bone cements (oHAP-BC, vHAP-BC and gHAP-BC). The setting, bending and compression properties of the bone cements were conducted according to ISO 5833:2002. The obtained results showed that the maximum temperature while curing the HAP-modified bone cements (HAP-BCs) decreased from 64.9 to 60.8 °C and the setting time increased from 8.1 to 14.0 min, respectively, with increasing HAP loading from 0 to 15 wt.%. The vHAP-BC and gHAP-BC groups exhibited higher mechanical properties than the required values in ISO 5833. Electron microscopy images showed that the vHAP and gHAP nanoparticles were dispersed better in the polymerized PMMA matrix than the oHAP nanoparticles. FTIR analysis indicated the polar interaction between the PO4 groups of the HAP nanoparticles and the ester groups of the polymerized PMMA matrix. Thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that mixtures of ZrO2/HAPs were not able to significantly improve the thermal stability of the HAP-BCs. DSC diagrams showed that the incorporation of gHAP to PMMA bone cement with loadings lower than 10 wt.% can increase Tg by about 2.4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Quang Tham
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mai Duc Huynh
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Dieu Linh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Do Thi Cam Van
- Hanoi University of Industry, 298 Cau Dien, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Do Van Cong
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Dung
- National Academy of Education Management, 31 Phan Dinh Giot, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Pham Van Lam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Thai Hoang
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
| | - Tran Dai Lam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (M.D.H.); (D.V.C.); (N.T.T.T.); (T.H.); (T.D.L.)
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17
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Wang K, Ni M, Liao P, Dou B, Yan X, Lv L, Zhang F, Mei J. Fracture morphology and biomechanical characteristics of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures in young adults. Injury 2021; 52:3227-3238. [PMID: 34481668 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pauwels classification, which categorizes types of femoral neck fractures, cannot fully reflect the three-dimensional characteristics of this injury. The purpose of our study was to determine the morphological characteristics of Pauwels III fractures through computed tomography image analysis and summarize the relevant biomechanical characteristics of different morphological fractures. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a total of 209 patients diagnosed with Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures. Fracture reduction was simulated based on mirror symmetry of the bilateral femur by Mimics. The fracture angle was measured and subtypes were defined. Biomechanical characteristics were compared by finite element analysis and validated using a biomechanical experiment, which was performed on a cadaveric sample. RESULTS Pauwels III femoral neck fractures can be divided into three subtypes: anterior, posterior, and classical. The proportion of three subtypes was 28.71%, 67.46%, and 3.82%, respectively. The anterior subtype showed the lowest axial stiffness but highest implant and bone stress. High stress distributions was concentrated on the screw-bone interface and screw-plate connections. CONCLUSIONS Biomechanical differences across the three subtypes of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures could increase our understanding of the biomechanical characteristics that underlie the Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures (such as, three-dimensional morphology and the stress distribution of bone and implant) that have been associated with high failure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, P.R.China.
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pudong New Area Peoples' Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences, No.490 Chuanhuan South Rd., Shanghai 201299, China.
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, P.R.China.
| | - Bang Dou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Songjiang District Central Hospital, No.746 Zhongshan Middle Rd., Shanghai 201600, China.
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, P.R.China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pudong New Area Peoples' Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences, No.490 Chuanhuan South Rd., Shanghai 201299, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, No.200 People's Avenue, Shanghai , 200065, China.
| | - Jiong Mei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, P.R.China.
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18
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Optimization of the Mechanical Properties and the Cytocompatibility for the PMMA Nanocomposites Reinforced with the Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and the Magnesium Phosphate Nanosheets. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195893. [PMID: 34640291 PMCID: PMC8510305 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Commercial poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based cement is currently used in the field of orthopedics. However, it suffers from lack of bioactivity, mechanical weakness, and monomer toxicity. In this study, a PMMA-based cement nanocomposite reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers and two-dimensional (2D) magnesium phosphate MgP nanosheets was synthesized and optimized in terms of mechanical property and cytocompatibility. The HA nanofibers and the MgP nanosheets were synthesized using a hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method and tuning the crystallization of the sodium-magnesium-phosphate ternary system, respectively. Compressive strength and MTT assay tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical property and the cytocompatibility of the PMMA-HA-MgP nanocomposites prepared at different ratios of HA and MgP. To optimize the developed nanocomposites, the standard response surface methodology (RSM) design known as the central composite design (CCD) was employed. Two regression models generated by CCD were analyzed and compared with the experimental results, and good agreement was observed. Statistical analysis revealed the significance of both factors, namely, the HA nanofibers and the MgP nanosheets, in improving the compressive strength and cell viability of the PMMA-MgP-HA nanocomposite. Finally, it was demonstrated that the HA nanofibers of 7.5% wt and the MgP nanosheets of 6.12% wt result in the PMMA-HA-MgP nanocomposite with the optimum compressive strength and cell viability.
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19
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Chiang CC, Hsieh MK, Wang CY, Tuan WH, Lai PL. Cytotoxicity and cell response of preosteoblast in calcium sulfate-augmented PMMA bone cement. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34410226 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac1ab5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been widely used in orthopedic applications, but bone ingrowth and toxic monomer release are drawback of this material. Particle reinforcement with osteoconductive substitute, such as calcium sulfate (CaSO4), is one of the solutions used to modify PMMA bone cement. The current study investigated the mechanical, chemical and biological properties of CaSO4-augmented bone cement. Mechanical strength was measured by a material testing machine. The concentration of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer from the various formulations of PMMA mixed with CaSO4was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). CCK-8 assay and ALP assay were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity of released MMA monomer and cell differentiation. The attachment of cells to CaSO4-augmented bone cement discs was observed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy, and surface topography was also evaluated by atomic force microscopy. The results revealed that increased CaSO4weight ratios led to compromised mechanical strength and increased MMA monomer release. Cell density and cell differentiation on CaSO4-augmented bone cement discs were decreased at CaSO4weight ratios above 10%. In addition, the presence of micropores on the surface and surface roughness were both increased for PMMA composite discs containing higher levels of CaSO4. These results demonstrated that fewer MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of CaSO4-PMMA composites was correlated to increased MMA monomer release, micropore number and surface roughness. In summary, the augmentation of a higher proportion of CaSO4(>10 wt. %) to PMMA did not promote the biological properties of traditional PMMA bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chien Chiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Hsieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yun Wang
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsing Tuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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20
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Tian B, Liu Y, Liu J. Chitosan-based nanoscale and non-nanoscale delivery systems for anticancer drugs: A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Wang Y, Shen S, Hu T, Williams GR, Bian Y, Feng B, Liang R, Weng X. Layered Double Hydroxide Modified Bone Cement Promoting Osseointegration via Multiple Osteogenic Signal Pathways. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9732-9745. [PMID: 34086438 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement has been widely used in orthopedic surgeries including total hip/knee replacement, vertebral compression fracture treatment, and bone defect filling. However, aseptic loosening of the interface between PMMA bone cement and bone often leads to failure. Hence, the development of modified PMMA that facilitates the growth of bone into the modified PMMA bone cement is key to reducing the incidence of aseptic loosening. In this study, MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) microsheets modified PMMA (PMMA&LDH) bone cement with superior osseointegration performance has been synthesized. The maximum polymerization reaction temperature of PMMA&LDH decreased by 7.0 and 11.8 °C, respectively, compared with that of PMMA and PMMA&COL-I (mineralized collagen I modified PMMA). The mechanical performance of PMMA&LDH decreased slightly in comparison with PMMA, which is beneficial to alleviate stress-shielding osteolysis, and indirectly promote osseointegration. The superior osteogenic ability of PMMA&LDH has been demonstrated in vivo, which boosts bone growth by 2.17- and 18.34-fold increments compared to the PMMA&COL-I and PMMA groups at 2 months, postoperatively. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing revealed four key osteogenic pathways: p38 MAPK, ERK/MAPK, FGF, and TGF-β, which were further confirmed by IPA, qPCR, and Western blot assays. Hence, LDH-modified PMMA bone cement is a promising biomaterial to enhance bone growth with potential applications in relevant orthopedic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Songpo Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Yanyan Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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22
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Wekwejt M, Chen S, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Nadolska M, Łukowicz K, Pałubicka A, Michno A, Osyczka AM, Michálek M, Zieliński A. Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement doped with different bioactive glasses - evaluation of cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical properties. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3112-3126. [PMID: 33704333 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement (BC-AgNp) is a novel cement developed as a replacement for conventional cements. Despite its favorable properties and antibacterial activity, BC-AgNp still lacks biodegradability and bioactivity. Hence, we investigated doping with bioactive glasses (BGs) to create a new bioactive BC characterized by time-varying porosity and gradual release of AgNp. The BC Cemex was used as the base material and modified simultaneously with the AgNp and BGs: melted 45S5 and 13-93B3 glasses with various particle sizes and sol-gel derived SiO2/CaO microparticles. The effect of BG addition was examined by microscopic analysis, an assessment of setting parameters, wettability, FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and hemo- and cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency studies. The results show that it is possible to incorporate various BGs into BC-AgNp, which leads to different properties depending on the type and size of BGs. The smaller particles of melted BGs showed higher porosity and better antibacterial properties with the moderate deterioration of mechanical properties. The sol-gel derived BGs, however, displayed a tendency for agglomeration and random distribution in BC-AgNp. The BGs with greater solubility more efficiently improve the antibacterial properties of BC-AgNp. Besides, the unreacted MMA monomer release could negatively influence the cellular response. Despite that, cements doped with different BGs are suitable for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wekwejt
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - S Chen
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - B Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Nadolska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Łukowicz
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Pałubicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - A Michno
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A M Osyczka
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Michálek
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - A Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Yang W, Gong Y, Li W. A Review: Electrode and Packaging Materials for Neurophysiology Recording Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:622923. [PMID: 33585422 PMCID: PMC7873964 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.622923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a wide variety of neural tissue implants have been developed for neurophysiology recording from living tissues. An ideal neural implant should minimize the damage to the tissue and perform reliably and accurately for long periods of time. Therefore, the materials utilized to fabricate the neural recording implants become a critical factor. The materials of these devices could be classified into two broad categories: electrode materials as well as packaging and substrate materials. In this review, inorganic (metals and semiconductors), organic (conducting polymers), and carbon-based (graphene and carbon nanostructures) electrode materials are reviewed individually in terms of various neural recording devices that are reported in recent years. Properties of these materials, including electrical properties, mechanical properties, stability, biodegradability/bioresorbability, biocompatibility, and optical properties, and their critical importance to neural recording quality and device capabilities, are discussed. For the packaging and substrate materials, different material properties are desired for the chronic implantation of devices in the complex environment of the body, such as biocompatibility and moisture and gas hermeticity. This review summarizes common solid and soft packaging materials used in a variety of neural interface electrode designs, as well as their packaging performances. Besides, several biopolymers typically applied over the electrode package to reinforce the mechanical rigidity of devices during insertion, or to reduce the immune response and inflammation at the device-tissue interfaces are highlighted. Finally, a benchmark analysis of the discussed materials and an outlook of the future research trends are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen Li
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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24
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Thermoplastic Polymers with Nanosilver Addition-Microstructural, Surface and Mechanical Evaluation during a 36-Month Deionized Water Incubation Period. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020361. [PMID: 33450978 PMCID: PMC7828428 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three types of thermoplastic polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, respectively. The polymers and the composites were manufactured via injection molding. Regarding the potential of these polymers as matrices for long-term use as biomaterials, the aim of this study was to examine their stability in the in vitro conditions during a three-year incubation period in deionized water. In this work, microstructural observations were performed, and mechanical properties were assessed. Surface parameters, such as roughness and contact angle, were comprehensively investigated. The microstructural evaluation showed that the silver additive was homogeneously dispersed in all the examined matrices. The 36-month immersion period indicated no microstructural changes and proved the composites’ stability. The mechanical tests confirmed that the composites retained comparable mechanical properties after the silver incorporation. The Young’s modulus and tensile strength increased during long-term incubation. The addition of silver nanoparticles did not alter the composites’ roughness. The contact angle increased with the rising AgNP content. It was also shown that the materials’ roughness increased with the incubation time, especially for the ABS- and HDPE-based materials. The water environment conditions improved the wettability of the tested materials. However, the silver nanoparticles’ content resulted in the contact angle decreasing during incubation. The conducted studies confirmed that the mechanical properties of all the polymers and composites did not deteriorate; thus, the materials may be considered stable and applicable for long-term working periods in aqueous environments.
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25
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Zapata MEV, Tovar CDG, Hernandez JHM. The Role of Chitosan and Graphene Oxide in Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties of Acrylic Bone Cements. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1616. [PMID: 33265973 PMCID: PMC7760599 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. However, most commercially available ABCs exhibit a lack of bioactivity and are susceptible to infection after implantation. These disadvantages generate long-term loosening of the prosthesis, high morbidity, and prolonged and expensive treatments. Due to the great importance of acrylic bone cements in orthopedics, the scientific community has advanced several efforts to develop bioactive ABCs with antibacterial activity through several strategies, including the use of biodegradable materials such as chitosan (CS) and nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO), with promising results. This paper reviews several studies reporting advantages in bioactivity and antibacterial properties after incorporating CS and GO in bone cements. Detailed information on the possible mechanisms by which these fillers confer bioactive and antibacterial properties to cements, resulting in formulations with great potential for use in orthopedics, are also a focus in the manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that presents the improvement in biological properties with CS and GO addition in cements that we believe will contribute to the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia;
| | - Carlos David Grande Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | - José Herminsul Mina Hernandez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia;
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Synthesis and application of chitosan/tripolyphosphate/graphene oxide hydrogel as a new drug delivery system for Sumatriptan Succinate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Photocrosslinkable nanocomposite ink for printing strong, biodegradable and bioactive bone graft. Biomaterials 2020; 263:120378. [PMID: 32932140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is known as a cost-effective technique that shows huge potential in fabrication of graft substitutes for bone tissue regeneration. However, the tradeoff between 3D printability, mechanical strength and bioactivity of the printed materials (i.e., inks) remains a challenge. In this work, we present a novel photocrosslinkable nanocomposite ink composed of tri-block poly (lactide-co-propylene glycol-co-lactide) dimethacrylate (PmLnDMA, m and n respectively represent the unit length of propylene glycol and lactide) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAMA). The reactive HEMA-conjugated nHAMA, is designed to covalently crosslink with the surrounding polymer matrix to further increase the interfacial bonding between them. We find that the nHAMA can rapidly interact with PmLnDMA upon light exposure within 140 s and form an inorganic-organic co-crosslinked nanocomposite network, further enhancing the nanofiller-matrix interfacial compatibility. Notably, our nanocomposites possess significantly improved mechanical performances compared to the polymer, with compressive modulus increasing by nearly 10 times (from ⁓40 to ⁓400 MPa). Moreover, thanks to the low exothermic heat generation (<37 °C) during photocrosslinking, our nanocomposite ink enables facile encapsulation and long-term release of heat-labile biomolecules like bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). Furthermore, it demonstrates a readily tunable rheological property, wettability, degradation, and printability as a 3D bone scaffold. Together with its superior osteogenic ability both in vitro and in vivo, we envision that our nanocomposite ink holds great promise in 3D printing of bone grafts.
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Zamora Lagos SI, Murillo Salas J, Valencia Zapata ME, Mina Hernandez JH, Valencia CH, Rojo L, Grande Tovar CD. Influence of the chitosan morphology on the properties of acrylic cements and their biocompatibility. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31156-31164. [PMID: 35520649 PMCID: PMC9056417 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are materials widely used in orthopedics and biomedical applications. Several active compounds have been introduced to ABC formulations to improve their mechanical properties and bifunctionality. In this research, we studied the effect of the addition of chitosan (CS) microspheres and chitosan sheets on ABC formulations. For mechanical performance optimization, the compression strength was taken as a response variable using an extreme vertices mixing design with fraction by weight of CS and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the variable factors. According to the statistical analysis, the control samples (without CS), samples with 7% (wt.) of CS sheets, and samples with 17% (wt.) of CS spheres presented the best compression properties: 90.6 MPa and 95.6 MPa, respectively. The study of these formulations confirmed that CS spheres allow a higher amount of loading on the formulation, maintaining comparable compression strength. By 1H-NMR, it was observed that the residual monomer was similar in all wording. The hydrolytic degradation assay in simulated body fluid (SBF) determined that the sphere incorporation increased by 50% and 35% for the water uptake and weight loss values, respectively, when compared with the reported values with CS sheets. By morphological analysis via SEM, it was observed that the porosity increased considerably in the presence of CS spheres throughout the immersion time in SBF. The subdermal implant results demonstrated excellent compatibility between the cement studied and the biological environment. Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are materials widely used in orthopedics and biomedical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isabel Zamora Lagos
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 No. 100-00 Santiago de Cali 760032 Colombia
| | - Jefferson Murillo Salas
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 No. 100-00 Santiago de Cali 760032 Colombia
| | - Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 No. 100-00 Santiago de Cali 760032 Colombia
| | - José Herminsul Mina Hernandez
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 No. 100-00 Santiago de Cali 760032 Colombia
| | - Carlos Humberto Valencia
- Escuela de Odontología, Grupo biomateriales dentales, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 No. 100-00 Santiago de Cali Colombia
| | - Luis Rojo
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Bioméedica en red, CIBER-BBN Madrid 28029 Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Carlos David Grande Tovar
- Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Atlántico Carrera 30 Número 8-49 Puerto Colombia 081008 Colombia
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Eren T, Baysal G, Doğan F. Biocidal activity of curcumin and cationic polymer possessing composites. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520944433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in new type of biocidal compounds with antibacterial properties against bacteria. In this study, new antibacterial synthetic materials bearing curcumin and cationic polymers were synthesized. In the synthesis stage, the methacrylate functional cationic monomer was synthesized via the Michael addition route by using 3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 3-amino pyridine to obtain Monomer 1. Monomer 1 was further quaternized with hexyl bromide to obtain a cationic methacrylate functional monomer. Free-radical polymerization of Monomer 1 and methyl acrylate was conducted in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile under dimethylformamide solvent. The composite formulation was conducted by using turmeric extract Curcuma longa (curcumin), hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, and silver nitrate. The materials were analyzed by using the methods of X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The biocidal activities against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were analyzed using agar well diffusion method. From the Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analysis results of the synthesized nanocomposites, it is seen that they form strong connections with the components added to the composites and form an exfoliated structure. According to the antibacterial analysis results, the nanocomposites obtained have showed a strong antibacterial resistance against E.coli, L.monocytogenes, Salmonella, and S. aureus bacteria, and the high inhibition zone areas were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarık Eren
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Yıldız Technıcal University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Baysal
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faik Doğan
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Demonstration of a SiC Protective Coating for Titanium Implants. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153321. [PMID: 32722625 PMCID: PMC7435394 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate the corrosion of titanium implants and improve implant longevity, we investigated the capability to coat titanium implants with SiC and determined if the coating could remain intact after simulated implant placement. Titanium disks and titanium implants were coated with SiC using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and were examined for interface quality, chemical composition, and coating robustness. SiC-coated titanium implants were torqued into a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block to simulate clinical implant placement followed by energy dispersive spectroscopy to determine if the coating remained intact. After torquing, the atomic concentration of the detectable elements (silicon, carbon, oxygen, titanium, and aluminum) remained relatively unchanged, with the variation staying within the detection limits of the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) tool. In conclusion, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiC was shown to conformably coat titanium implant surfaces and remain intact after torquing the coated implants into a material with a similar hardness to human bone mass.
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Wekwejt M, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Bartmański M, Nadolska M, Łukowicz K, Pałubicka A, Osyczka AM, Zieliński A. Influence of several biodegradable components added to pure and nanosilver-doped PMMA bone cements on its biological and mechanical properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111286. [PMID: 32919647 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic bone cements (BC) are wildly used in medicine. Despite favorable mechanical properties, processability and inject capability, BC lack bioactivity. To overcome this, we investigated the effects of selected biodegradable additives to create a partially-degradable BC and also we evaluated its combination with nanosilver (AgNp). We hypothesized that using above strategies it would be possible to obtain bioactive BC. The Cemex was used as the base material, modified at 2.5, 5 or 10 wt% with either cellulose, chitosan, magnesium, polydioxanone or tricalcium-phosphate. The resulted modified BC was examined for surface morphology, wettability, porosity, mechanical and nanomechanical properties and cytocompatibility. The composite BC doped with AgNp was also examined for its release and antibacterial properties. The results showed that it is possible to create modified cement and all studied modifiers increased its porosity. Applying the additives slightly decreased BC wettability and mechanical properties, but the positive effect of the additives was observed in nanomechanical research. The relatively poor cytocompatibility of modified BC was attributed to the unreacted monomer release, except for polydioxanone modification which increased cells viability. Furthermore, all additives facilitated AgNp release and increased BC antibacterial effectiveness. Our present studies suggest the optimal content of biodegradable component for BC is 5 wt%. At this content, an improvement in BC porosity is achieved without significant deterioration of BC physical and mechanical properties. Polydioxanone and cellulose seem to be the most promising additives that improve porosity and antibacterial properties of antibiotic or nanosilver-loaded BC. Partially-degradable BC may be a good strategy to improve their antibacterial effectiveness, but some caution is still required regarding their cytocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of bone cement bioactivity is the main limitation of its effectiveness in medicine. To overcome this, we have created composite cements with partially-degradable properties. We also modified these cements with nanosilver to provide antibacterial properties. We examined five various additives at three different contents to modify a selected bone cement. Our results broaden the knowledge about potential modifiers and properties of composite cements. We selected the optimal content and the most promising additives, and showed that the combination of these additives with nanosilver would increase cements` antibacterial effectiveness. Such modified cements may be a new solution for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wekwejt
- Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - M Michalska-Sionkowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Bartmański
- Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Nadolska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Łukowicz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Pałubicka
- Department of Surgical Oncologic, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - A M Osyczka
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Zieliński
- Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Ho YS. Letter to the Editor Regarding "The Top 100 Most-Cited Articles on Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty". World Neurosurg 2020; 139:676-687. [PMID: 32689679 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Shan Ho
- Trend Research Centre, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Raucci MG, D'Amora U, Ronca A, Ambrosio L. Injectable Functional Biomaterials for Minimally Invasive Surgery. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000349. [PMID: 32484311 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injectable materials represent very attractive ready-to-use biomaterials for application in minimally invasive surgical procedures. It is shown that this approach to treat, for example, vertebral fracture, craniofacial defects, or tumor resection has significant clinical potential in the biomedical field. In the last four decades, calcium phosphate cements have been widely used as injectable materials for orthopedic surgery due to their excellent properties in terms of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, few clinical studies have demonstrated certain weaknesses of these cements, which include high viscosity, long degradation time, and difficulties being manipulated. To overcome these limitations, the use of sol-gel technology has been investigated, which has shown good results for synthesis of injectable calcium phosphate-based materials. In the last few decades, injectable hydrogels have gained increasing attention owing to their structural similarities with the extracellular matrix, easy process conditions, and potential applications in minimally invasive surgery. However, the need to protect cells during injection leads to the development of double network injectable hydrogels that are capable of being cross-linked in situ. This review will provide the current state of the art and recent advances in the field of injectable biomaterials for minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council (IPCB‐CNR) Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20 Naples 80125 Italy
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council (IPCB‐CNR) Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20 Naples 80125 Italy
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council (IPCB‐CNR) Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20 Naples 80125 Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council (IPCB‐CNR) Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20 Naples 80125 Italy
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Tiwari S, Patil R, Dubey SK, Bahadur P. Graphene nanosheets as reinforcement and cell-instructive material in soft tissue scaffolds. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 281:102167. [PMID: 32361407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical strength of polymeric scaffolds deteriorates quickly in the physiological mileu. This can be minimized by reinforcing the polymeric matrix with graphene, a planar two-dimensional material with unique physicochemical and biological properties. Association between the sheet and polymer chains offers a range of porosity commensurate with tissue requirements. Besides, studies suggest that corrugated structure of graphene offers desirable bio-mechanical cues for tissue regeneration. This review covers three important aspects of graphene-polymer composites, (a) the opportunity on reinforcing the polymer matrix with graphene, (b) challenges associated with limited aqueous processability of graphene, and (c) physiological signaling in the presence of graphene. Among numerous graphene materials, our discussion is limited to graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. Challenges associated with limited dispersity of hydrophobic sheets within the polymeric matrix have been discussed at molecular level.
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Gu Y, Zhuang R, Xie X, Bai Y. Osteogenic stimulation of human dental pulp stem cells with self‐setting biphasic calcium phosphate cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:1669-1678. [PMID: 31769191 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Novel PMMA bone cement nanocomposites containing magnesium phosphate nanosheets and hydroxyapatite nanofibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Novel Osteogenic Behaviors around Hydrophilic and Radical-Free 4-META/MMA-TBB: Implications of an Osseointegrating Bone Cement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072405. [PMID: 32244335 PMCID: PMC7177939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cement, which is widely used to affix orthopedic metallic implants, is considered bio-tolerant but lacks osteoconductivity and is cytotoxic. Implant loosening and toxic complications are significant and recognized problems. Here we devised two strategies to improve PMMA-based bone cement: (1) adding 4-methacryloyloxylethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) to MMA monomer to render it hydrophilic; and (2) using tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as a polymerization initiator instead of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to reduce free radical production. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on PMMA-BPO, common bone cement ingredients, and 4-META/MMA-TBB, newly formulated ingredients. After 24 h of incubation, more cells survived on 4-META/MMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. The mineralized area was 20-times greater on 4-META/MMA-TBB than PMMA-BPO at the later culture stage and was accompanied by upregulated osteogenic gene expression. The strength of bone-to-cement integration in rat femurs was 4- and 7-times greater for 4-META/MMA-TBB than PMMA-BPO during early- and late-stage healing, respectively. MicroCT and histomorphometric analyses revealed contact osteogenesis exclusively around 4-META/MMA-TBB, with minimal soft tissue interposition. Hydrophilicity of 4-META/MMA-TBB was sustained for 24 h, particularly under wet conditions, whereas PMMA-BPO was hydrophobic immediately after mixing and was unaffected by time or condition. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that the free radical production for 4-META/MMA-TBB was 1/10 to 1/20 that of PMMA-BPO within 24 h, and the substantial difference persisted for at least 10 days. The compromised ability of PMMA-BPO in recruiting cells was substantially alleviated by adding free radical-scavenging amino-acid N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) into the material, whereas adding NAC did not affect the ability of 4-META/MMA-TBB. These results suggest that 4-META/MMA-TBB shows significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to PMMA-BPO and induces osteoconductivity due to uniquely created hydrophilic and radical-free interface. Further pre-clinical and clinical validations are warranted.
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Ramos-Zúñiga R, López-González F, Segura-Durán I. Bilaminar Chitosan Scaffold for Sellar Floor Repair in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:122. [PMID: 32158747 PMCID: PMC7051988 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is a standard technique used to approach sellar tumors. It is relatively safe, minimally invasive and carries a low risk of complications. However, one of the common complications reported with this technique is CSF leakage which causes morbidity, an increase in recovery time and hospital costs. This complication usually occurs from violation of the diaphragma sellae and a defect in the structures of the sellar floor or incomplete repair. In this article we report the first case with the use of a novel bilaminar chitosan scaffold which can be potentially used in the repair of the sellar floor, primarily aiming to the bony part of this structure. Case Presentation After a personalized design employing a tissue engineering strategy, we reconstructed the sellar floor in a 65-year-old woman who had undergone EETS for a pituitary adenoma with progressive bilateral visual loss. To repair the bony defect of the sellar floor, we used a novel bilaminar chitosan scaffold. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative course with no evidence of CSF leak. The polymer was well tolerated without toxicity, infection or complications. After 2 years of follow up the patient remains neurologically intact, and in good endocrinological status. Conclusion This is the first report of the use of this biomaterial and its biocompatibility in a clinical setting for the repair of the sellar floor during EETS. Our experience with chitosan bilaminar scaffold and in several preclinical studies in the literature have demonstrated good biocompatibility and effective bioengineered bone regeneration due to its excellent osteoconductive properties, this study pretends to be one landmark for further clinical research and larger case series with the use of this personalized tissue engineering materials in order to see they real efficacy to increase the surgeon armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga
- Translational Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University Center of Health Sciences CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Francisco López-González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ivan Segura-Durán
- Translational Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University Center of Health Sciences CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Karpiński R, Szabelski J, Maksymiuk J. Effect of Physiological Fluids Contamination on Selected Mechanical Properties of Acrylate Bone Cement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3963. [PMID: 31795371 PMCID: PMC6926979 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study analyses the degradation rate of selected mechanical properties of bone cement contaminated with human blood and saline solution. During the polymerisation stage, the PMMA cement specimens were supplemented with the selected physiological fluids in a range of concentrations from 0% to 10%. The samples were then subjected to the standardised compression tests, as per ISO 5833: 2002, and hardness tests. The obtained results were analysed statistically to display the difference in the degradation of the material relative to the degree of contamination. Subsequently, numerical modelling was employed to determine the mathematical relationship between the degree of contamination and the material strength degradation rate. The introduction of various concentrations of contaminants into the cement mass resulted in a statistically significant change in their compressive strength. It was shown that the addition of more than 4% of saline and more than 6% of blood (by weight) causes that the specimens exhibit lower strength than the minimum critical value of 70 MPa, specified in the abovementioned International Standard. It was further revealed that the cement hardness characteristics degraded accordingly. The mathematical models showed a very good fit with the results from the experiments: The coefficient of determination R2 was 0.987 in the case of the linear hardness model for blood and 0.983 for salt solution; secondly, the values of R2 for the third-degree polynomial model of compressive strength were 0.88 for blood and 0.92 for salt. From the results, it can be seen that there is a quantitative/qualitative relationship between the contamination rate and the drop in the tested mechanical characteristics. Therefore, great effort must be taken to minimise the contact of the bone cement with physiological fluids, which naturally occur in the operative field, particularly when the material cures, in order to prevent the cement material strength declining below the minimum threshold specified in the ISO standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Karpiński
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Szabelski
- Section of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computerization and Production Robotization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Maksymiuk
- Orthopaedic Department, Łęczna Hospital, Krasnystawska 52, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland
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De Mori A, Di Gregorio E, Kao AP, Tozzi G, Barbu E, Sanghani-Kerai A, Draheim RR, Roldo M. Antibacterial PMMA Composite Cements with Tunable Thermal and Mechanical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19664-19675. [PMID: 31788597 PMCID: PMC6881838 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PMMA-based cements are the most used bone cements in vertebroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. However, they present several drawbacks, including susceptibility to bacterial infection, monomer leakage toxicity, and high polymerization temperature, which can all lead to damage to the surrounding tissues and their failure. In the present study, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been introduced to bestow antibacterial properties; chitosan (CS) to promote porosity and to reduce the polymerization temperature, without negatively affecting the mechanical performance; and methacryloyl chitosan (CSMCC) to promote cross-linking with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and reduce the quantity of monomer required for polymerization. Novel PMMA cements were formulated containing AgNWs (0 and 1% w/w) and CS or CSMCC at various concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30% w/w), testing two different ratios of powder and MMA (P/L). Mechanical, thermal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of the resulting composite cements were tested. Cements with concentrations of CS > 10% presented a significantly reduced polymerization temperature. The mechanical performances were affected for concentrations > 20% with a P/L concentration equal to 2:1. Concentrations of AgNWs as low as 1% w/w conferred antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, whereas biofilm formation on the surface of the cements was increased when CS was included in the preparation. The combination of CS and AgNWs allowed a higher concentration of Ag+ to be released over time with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Inclusion of AgNWs did not affect cell viability on the scaffolds. In conclusion, a combination of CS and AgNWs may be beneficial for reducing both polymerization temperature and biofilm formation, without significantly affecting mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on the scaffolds. No advantages have been noticed as a result of the reducing P/L ratio or using CSMCC instead of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Mori
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University
of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, U.K.
| | - Emanuela Di Gregorio
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University
of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, U.K.
| | - Alexander Peter Kao
- Zeiss
Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, PO1 3DJ Portsmouth, U.K.
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss
Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, PO1 3DJ Portsmouth, U.K.
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University
of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, U.K.
| | - Anita Sanghani-Kerai
- Institute
of Orthopaedics and Muscoloskeletal Science, University College of London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP London, U.K.
| | - Roger R. Draheim
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University
of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, U.K.
| | - Marta Roldo
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University
of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, U.K.
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Effect of Polymer Demixed Nanotopographies on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121921. [PMID: 31766551 PMCID: PMC6960884 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) persists, developing alternatives to antibiotics that are less susceptible to resistance is becoming an urgent necessity. Recent advances in biomaterials have allowed for the development and fabrication of materials with discrete surface nanotopographies that can deter bacteria from adhering to their surface. Using binary polymer blends of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) and varying their relative concentrations, PS/PCL, PS/PMMA and PCL/PMMA polymer demixed thin films were developed with nanoisland, nanoribbon and nanopit topographies. In the PS/PCL system, PS segregates to the air-polymer interface, with the lower solubility PCL preferring the substrate-polymer interface. In the PS/PMMA and PCL/PMMA systems, PMMA prefers the air-polymer interface due to its greater solubility and lower surface energy. The anti-adhesion efficacy of the demixed films were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14). PS/PCL and PCL/PMMA demixed films showed a significant reduction in cell counts adhered on their surfaces compared to pure polymer control films, while no reduction was observed in the counts adhered on PS/PMMA demixed films. While the specific morphology did not affect the adhesion, a relationship between bacterial cell and topographical surface feature size was apparent. If the surface feature was smaller than the cell, then an anti-adhesion effect was observed; if the surface feature was larger than the cell, then the bacteria preferred to adhere.
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Chen L, Tang Y, Zhao K, Zha X, Liu J, Bai H, Wu Z. Fabrication of the antibiotic-releasing gelatin/PMMA bone cement. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Choppadandi M, More N, Kapusetti G. Detoxification of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement by natural antioxidant intervention. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2835-2847. [PMID: 31433892 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is the most widely used grouting material in the joint arthroplasties and vertebroplasties. The present investigation has been carried out to scavenge the radicals and monomer by addition of an antioxidant to minimize the toxicity of bone cement (BC). The in silico studies were employed to determine the potent natural antioxidant at physiological conditions. The antioxidant methionine demonstrated a strong binding affinity with free radicals and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer than cysteine. The designated amount of methionine was optimized by various assay methods and >2% methionine shows strong scavenging capacity in BC. Moreover, the antioxidant-loaded BC (ABC) demonstrated similar handling, physicochemical and mechanical properties to pristine bone cement. Significantly, the developed formulation shows superior biological characteristics such as cell proliferation (2 ± 1 BC and 6 ± 1 ABC), adhesion (0.32 ± 0.02 BC and 0.54 ± 0.01 ABC), and cell viability (81 ± 2% BC and 93 ± 1% ABC) toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). Therefore, the novel antioxidant bone cement is a potential candidate for various orthopedic applications to eliminate the adverse effects, related to residual toxic radical and monomer in bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounika Choppadandi
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Namdev More
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
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Satpathy A, Pal A, Sengupta S, Das A, Hasan MM, Ratha I, Barui A, Bodhak S. Bioactive Nano-Hydroxyapatite Doped Electrospun PVA-Chitosan Composite Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ni M, Wong DWC, Niu W, Wang Y, Mei J, Zhang M. Biomechanical comparison of modified Calcanail system with plating fixation in intra-articular calcaneal fracture: A finite element analysis. Med Eng Phys 2019; 70:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Che Y, Min S, Wang M, Rao M, Quan C. Biological activity of hydroxyapatite/poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cement with different surface morphologies and modifications for induced osteogenesis. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youlu Che
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat‐sen University), School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Min
- Department of EndocrinologyPanyu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 51000 People's Republic of China
| | - Mohong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat‐sen University), School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Minyu Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat‐sen University), School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Changyun Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat‐sen University), School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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Mineralized Collagen Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone Cement for Osteoporotic Compression Vertebral Fracture at 1-Year Follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:827-838. [PMID: 30601358 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective comparative study. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the clinical effects and imaging features of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement with and without mineralized collagen (MC) in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA PKP with PMMA is widely performed for OVCF. However, numerous complications have also been reported about the PMMA bone cement. Moreover, PMMA bone cement with and without MC have not been compared with respect to their postoperative efficacy and long-term follow-up. METHODS From July 2016 to July 2017, 105 OVCF patients were randomly divided into two groups based on their PKP treatment: MC-PMMA group and PMMA group. Clinical operation, cement leakage, Oswestry Disability Index, visual analog scale, height of the fractured vertebrae, Cobb angle, refracture of the adjacent vertebra, recompression, and computed tomography values of the injured vertebra were compared between the two groups postoperatively and after 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Clinical operation showed no differences between the two groups. Visual analog scale scores, Oswestry Disability Index scores, and Cobb angles showed statistically significant differences between the two groups after 1-year follow-up. The height of the vertebral body showed significant difference at 3 days postoperatively and preoperatively in each group and significant difference after 1 year between the two groups. The rate of refracture and leakage of the MC-PMMA group was lower than that of the PMMA group. The computed tomography value of the MC-PMMA group was obviously higher than that of the PMMA group after 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION MC-modified PMMA did not change the beneficial properties of PMMA. This new bone cement has better biocompatibility, can form a stable structure in the vertebral body, and improve the prognosis of patients by reducing pain and reoperation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Benmassaoud MM, Kohama C, Kim TWB, Kadlowec JA, Foltiny B, Mercurio T, Ranganathan SI. Efficacy of eluted antibiotics through 3D printed femoral implants. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:51. [PMID: 31203428 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Costs associated with musculoskeletal diseases in the United States account for 5.7% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Weinstein et al. 2018). As such, there is a need to pursue new ideas in orthopaedic implants that can decrease cost and improve patient care. In the recent years, 3D printing of polymers using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and metals using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) has opened several exciting possibilities to create customized orthopaedic implants. Such implants can be engineered to release antibiotics in a controlled manner by infusing the drug into the material during manufacturing stage. However, the prevalence of high temperature could impact the anti-bacterial effectiveness of the eluted antibiotics in such implants. An alternative approach to circumvent this issue would be to modify the implant geometry to incorporate built-in design features such as micro-channels and reservoirs in which antibiotics can be introduced prior to the surgical procedure. Irrespective of the approach used, the ability of 3D printed orthopaedic implants to elute antibiotics, and the rate of elution are not well understood. The purpose of this article is to study the elution of doxycycline through 3D printed femoral implants using three different materials: Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA), Poly-Caprolactone (PCL) and Titanium grade Ti-6Al-4V. The PLA and Ti-6Al-4V implants were designed with built-in reservoirs and micro-channels in which doxycycline was introduced post the manufacturing stage. However, the PCL implants were printed from a PCL spool that was infused with doxycycline using an extruder. The PLA and Ti-6Al-4V experiments were run for a period of 31 days and the PCL experiment for one day. The antibacterial ability of eluted doxycycline from all implants were examined using Kirby-Bauer test on the bacteria E.coli k-12. The results show that most of doxycycline eluted through the three materials in the first 24 hours. After the initial spike, a steady release was achieved for the PLA and Ti-6Al-4V implants for 30 days. During this timeframe, Ti-6Al-4V implants released more doxycycline than the PLA implant. The eluted antibiotics through all the implants demonstrated the ability to kill bacteria in the subsequent Kirby-Bauer test. These outcomes show that irrespective of how the antibiotics were introduced, 3D printed polymeric and metallic implants have great potential in orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mehdi Benmassaoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Christopher Kohama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Tae Won B Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, 3 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kadlowec
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Brandon Foltiny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Theo Mercurio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Shivakumar I Ranganathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 7054 Haycock Rd., Falls Church, VA, 22043, USA.
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Fang CH, Lin YW, Sun JS, Lin FH. The chitosan/tri-calcium phosphate bio-composite bone cement promotes better osteo-integration: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:162. [PMID: 31142377 PMCID: PMC6542077 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement has a variety of applications in orthopedic surgery, but it also has some shortcomings such as high heat generation during polymerization and poor integration with bone tissue. In this study, a bio-composite bone cement composed of tri-calcium phosphate and chitosan as additives to acrylic bone cement was developed. Our hypothesis is that this new bio-composite bone cement has a better osteo-integration than pure polymethyl methacrylate cement. Methods Physiological composition, i.e., 65 wt% inorganic and 35 wt% organic components, of tri-calcium phosphate and chitosan contents was selected as degradable additives to replace acrylic bone cement. A series of properties such as exothermic temperature changes, setting time, bio-mechanical characteristics, degradation behaviors, and in vitro cytotoxicity were examined. Preliminary in vivo animal study was also performed. Results The results showed that the bio-composite bone cement exhibited lower curing temperature, longer setting time, higher weight loss and porosity after degradation, lower compressive Young’s modulus, and ultimate compressive strength as compared with those of pure polymethyl methacrylate cement. Cell proliferation tests demonstrated that the bio-composite bone cement was non-cytotoxic, and the in vivo tests revealed that was more osteo-conductive. Conclusions The results indicated that the modified chitosan/tri-calcium phosphate/polymethyl methacrylate bio-composites bone cement could be degraded gradually and create rougher surfaces that would be beneficial to cell adherence and growth. This new bio-composite bone cement has potential in clinical application. Our future studies will focus on long-term implantation to investigate the stability of the bio-composite bone cement in long-term implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Surface degradation-enabled osseointegrative, angiogenic and antiinfective properties of magnesium-modified acrylic bone cement. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:121-132. [PMID: 31194022 PMCID: PMC6551367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This work focuses on tackling the inadequate bone/implant interface strength of acrylic bone cements, which is a formidable problem diminishing their clinical performance, especially in percutaneous kyphoplasty surgery. Methods A new strategy of incorporating magnesium particles into clinically used poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement to prepare a surface-degradable bone cement (SdBC) is proposed and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Results This surface degradation characteristic enables osseointegrative, angiogenic and antiinfective properties. SdBC showed fast surface degradation and formed porous surfaces as designed, while the desirable high compressive strengths (≥70 MPa) of the cement were preserved. Besides, the SdBC with proper Mg content promoted osteoblast adhesion, spreading, proliferation and endothelial cell angiogenesis capacity compared with PMMA. Also, SdBC demonstrated clear inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vivo evaluation on SdBC by the rat femur defect model showed that the bone/implant interface strength was significantly enhanced in SdBC (push-out force of 11.8 ± 1.5 N for SdBC vs 7.0 ± 2.3N for PMMA), suggesting significantly improved osseointegration and bone growth induced by the surface degradation of the cement. The injectability, setting times and compressive strengths of SdBC with proper content of Mg particles (2.8 wt% and 5.4 wt%) were comparable with those of the clinical acrylic bone cement, while the heat release during polymerization was reduced (maximum temperature 78 ± 1 °C for PMMA vs 73.3 ± 1.5 °C for SdBC). Conclusions This work validates a new concept of designing bioactive bone/implant interface in PMMA bone cement. And this surface-degradable bone cement possesses great potential for minimally invasive orthopaedic surgeries such as percutaneous kyphoplasty. The translational potential of this article This work reports PMMA/Mg surface-degradable acrylic bone cements that possess enhanced osseointegrative, angiogenic and antiinfective properties that are lacking in the clinically used acrylic bone cements. This new kind of bone cements could improve the treatment outcome of many orthopaedic surgeries such as percutaneous kyphoplasty and arthroplasty.
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