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Mi CH, Qi XY, Zhou YW, Ding YW, Wei DX, Wang Y. Advances in medical polyesters for vascular tissue engineering. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:125. [PMID: 39115796 PMCID: PMC11310390 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Blood vessels are highly dynamic and complex structures with a variety of physiological functions, including the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes. Their normal functioning involves the close and coordinated cooperation of a variety of cells. However, adverse internal and external environmental factors can lead to vascular damage and the induction of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This can have serious consequences for patients, and there is an urgent need for innovative techniques to repair damaged blood vessels. Polyesters have been extensively researched and used in the treatment of vascular disease and repair of blood vessels due to their excellent mechanical properties, adjustable biodegradation time, and excellent biocompatibility. Given the high complexity of vascular tissues, it is still challenging to optimize the utilization of polyesters for repairing damaged blood vessels. Nevertheless, they have considerable potential for vascular tissue engineering in a range of applications. This summary reviews the physicochemical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic acid (PLA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), focusing on their unique applications in vascular tissue engineering. Polyesters can be prepared not only as 3D scaffolds to repair damage as an alternative to vascular grafts, but also in various forms such as microspheres, fibrous membranes, and nanoparticles to deliver drugs or bioactive ingredients to damaged vessels. Finally, it is anticipated that further developments in polyesters will occur in the near future, with the potential to facilitate the wider application of these materials in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xin-Ya Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon-Neutral Technology, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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Tang HJ, Neoh SZ, Sudesh K. A review on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB- co-3HHx)] and genetic modifications that affect its production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1057067. [PMID: 36545679 PMCID: PMC9760699 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1057067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have garnered global attention to replace petroleum-based plastics in certain applications due to their biodegradability and sustainability. Among the different types of PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] copolymer has similar properties to commodity plastics, making them a suitable candidate to replace certain types of single-use plastics, medical devices, and packaging materials. The degradation rate of P(3HB-co-3HHx) is faster than the commercial petroleum-based plastics which take a very long time to be degraded, causing harmful pollution to both land and marine ecosystem. The biodegradability of the P(3HB-co-3HHx) is also dependent on its 3HHx molar composition which in turn influences the crystallinity of the material. Various metabolic pathways like the common PHA biosynthesis pathway, which involves phaA, phaB, and phaC, β-oxidation, and fatty acids de novo synthesis are used by bacteria to produce PHA from different carbon sources like fatty acids and sugars, respectively. There are various factors affecting the 3HHx molar composition of P(3HB-co-3HHx), like PhaCs, the engineering of PhaCs, and the metabolic engineering of strains. It is crucial to control the 3HHx molar composition in the P(3HB-co-3HHx) as it will affect its properties and applications in different fields.
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Novel Production Methods of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Innovative Uses in Biomedicine and Industry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238351. [PMID: 36500442 PMCID: PMC9740486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biodegradable polymer obtained from microorganisms and plants, have been widely used in biomedical applications and devices, such as sutures, cardiac valves, bone scaffold, and drug delivery of compounds with pharmaceutical interests, as well as in food packaging. This review focuses on the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates beyond the most common uses, aiming to inform about the potential uses of the biopolymer as a biosensor, cosmetics, drug delivery, flame retardancy, and electrospinning, among other interesting uses. The novel applications are based on the production and composition of the polymer, which can be modified by genetic engineering, a semi-synthetic approach, by changing feeding carbon sources and/or supplement addition, among others. The future of PHA is promising, and despite its production costs being higher than petroleum-based plastics, tools given by synthetic biology, bioinformatics, and machine learning, among others, have allowed for great production yields, monomer and polymer functionalization, stability, and versatility, a key feature to increase the uses of this interesting family of polymers.
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Methods of Analyses for Biodegradable Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224928. [PMID: 36433054 PMCID: PMC9694517 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are materials that can decompose through the action of various environmental microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to form water and carbon dioxide. The biodegradability characteristics have led to a growing demand for the accurate and precise determination of the degraded polymer composition. With the advancements in analytical product development, various analytical methods are available and touted as practical and preferable methods of bioanalytical techniques, which enable the understanding of the complex composition of biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates and poly(lactic acid). The former part of this review discusses the definition and examples of biopolymers, followed by the theory and instrumentation of analytical methods applicable to the analysis of biopolymers, such as physical methods (SEM, TEM, weighing analytical balance, etc.), chromatographic methods (GC, THM-GC, SEC/GPC), spectroscopic methods (NMR, FTIR, XRD, XRF), respirometric methods, thermal methods (DSC, DTA, TGA), and meta-analysis. Special focus is given to the chromatographic methods, because this is the routine method of polymer analysis. The aim of this review is to focus on the recent developments in the field of biopolymer analysis and instrument application to analyse the various types of biopolymers.
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Pulingam T, Appaturi JN, Parumasivam T, Ahmad A, Sudesh K. Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoate in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2141. [PMID: 35683815 PMCID: PMC9182786 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering technology aids in the regeneration of new tissue to replace damaged or wounded tissue. Three-dimensional biodegradable and porous scaffolds are often utilized in this area to mimic the structure and function of the extracellular matrix. Scaffold material and design are significant areas of biomaterial research and the most favorable material for seeding of in vitro and in vivo cells. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters (thermoplastic) that are appropriate for this application due to their biodegradability, thermo-processability, enhanced biocompatibility, mechanical properties, non-toxicity, and environmental origin. Additionally, they offer enormous potential for modification through biological, chemical and physical alteration, including blending with various other materials. PHAs are produced by bacterial fermentation under nutrient-limiting circumstances and have been reported to offer new perspectives for devices in biological applications. The present review discusses PHAs in the applications of conventional medical devices, especially for soft tissue (sutures, wound dressings, cardiac patches and blood vessels) and hard tissue (bone and cartilage scaffolds) regeneration applications. The paper also addresses a recent advance highlighting the usage of PHAs in implantable devices, such as heart valves, stents, nerve guidance conduits and nanoparticles, including drug delivery. This review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro biodegradability of PHAs and conducts an overview of current scientific research and achievements in the development of PHAs in the biomedical sector. In the future, PHAs may replace synthetic plastics as the material of choice for medical researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruchelvi Pulingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (T.P.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | - Azura Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (T.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (T.P.); (A.A.)
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Degradation of P(3HB-co-4HB) Films in Simulated Body Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101990. [PMID: 35631874 PMCID: PMC9143980 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel model of biodegradable PHA copolymer films preparation was applied to evaluate the biodegradability of various PHA copolymers and to discuss its biomedical applicability. In this study, we illustrate the potential biomaterial degradation rate affectability by manipulation of monomer composition via controlling the biosynthetic strategies. Within the experimental investigation, we have prepared two different copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate—P(3HB-co-36 mol.% 4HB) and P(3HB-co-66 mol.% 4HB), by cultivating the thermophilic bacterial strain Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 and further investigated its degradability in simulated body fluids (SBFs). Both copolymers revealed faster weight reduction in synthetic gastric juice (SGJ) and artificial colonic fluid (ACF) than simple homopolymer P3HB. In addition, degradation mechanisms differed across tested polymers, according to SEM micrographs. While incubated in SGJ, samples were fragmented due to fast hydrolysis sourcing from substantially low pH, which suggest abiotic degradation as the major degradation mechanism. On the contrary, ACF incubation indicated obvious enzymatic hydrolysis. Further, no cytotoxicity of the waste fluids was observed on CaCO-2 cell line. Based on these results in combination with high production flexibility, we suggest P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers produced by Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 as being very auspicious polymers for intestinal in vivo treatments.
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Li J, Zhang X, Udduttula A, Fan ZS, Chen JH, Sun AR, Zhang P. Microbial-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Biosynthesis, Properties, and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:763031. [PMID: 34993185 PMCID: PMC8724543 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.763031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of structurally diverse natural biopolyesters, synthesized by various microbes under unbalanced culture conditions. PHAs as biomedical materials have been fabricated in various forms to apply to tissue engineering for the past years due to their excellent biodegradability, inherent biocompatibility, modifiable mechanical properties, and thermo-processability. However, there remain some bottlenecks in terms of PHA production on a large scale, the purification process, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of PHA, which need to be further resolved. Therefore, scientists are making great efforts via synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools to improve the properties and the product yields of PHA at a lower cost for the development of various PHA-based scaffold fabrication technologies to widen biomedical applications, especially in bone tissue engineering. This review aims to outline the biosynthesis, structures, properties, and the bone tissue engineering applications of PHA scaffolds with different manufacturing technologies. The latest advances will provide an insight into future outlooks in PHA-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Shan Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Hai Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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D’Alessandro D, Ricci C, Milazzo M, Strangis G, Forli F, Buda G, Petrini M, Berrettini S, Uddin MJ, Danti S, Parchi P. Piezoelectric Signals in Vascularized Bone Regeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1731. [PMID: 34827729 PMCID: PMC8615512 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for bone substitutes is increasing in Western countries. Bone graft substitutes aim to provide reconstructive surgeons with off-the-shelf alternatives to the natural bone taken from humans or animal species. Under the tissue engineering paradigm, biomaterial scaffolds can be designed by incorporating bone stem cells to decrease the disadvantages of traditional tissue grafts. However, the effective clinical application of tissue-engineered bone is limited by insufficient neovascularization. As bone is a highly vascularized tissue, new strategies to promote both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis within the scaffolds need to be considered for a successful regeneration. It has been demonstrated that bone and blood vases are piezoelectric, namely, electric signals are locally produced upon mechanical stimulation of these tissues. The specific effects of electric charge generation on different cells are not fully understood, but a substantial amount of evidence has suggested their functional and physiological roles. This review summarizes the special contribution of piezoelectricity as a stimulatory signal for bone and vascular tissue regeneration, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, vascular repair, and tissue engineering, by considering different stem cell sources entailed with osteogenic and angiogenic potential, aimed at collecting the key findings that may enable the development of successful vascularized bone replacements useful in orthopedic and otologic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfo D’Alessandro
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.D.); (F.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Mario Milazzo
- The BioRobotics Intitute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56024 Pontedera, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Strangis
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Forli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.D.); (F.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Mario Petrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.D.); (F.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Mohammed Jasim Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Serena Danti
- The BioRobotics Intitute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56024 Pontedera, Italy;
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Parchi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.R.); (P.P.)
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Kaniuk Ł, Stachewicz U. Development and Advantages of Biodegradable PHA Polymers Based on Electrospun PHBV Fibers for Tissue Engineering and Other Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5339-5362. [PMID: 34649426 PMCID: PMC8672356 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Biodegradable polymeric
biomaterials offer a significant advantage
in disposable or fast-consuming products in medical applications.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)
is an example of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), i.e., one group of
natural polyesters that are byproducts of reactions taking place in
microorganisms in conditions with an excess carbon source. PHA polymers
are a promising material for the production of everyday materials
and biomedical applications. Due to the high number of monomers in
the group, PHAs permit modifications enabling the production of copolymers
of different compositions and with different proportions of individual
monomers. In order to change and improve the properties of polymer
fibers, PHAs are combined with either other natural and synthetic
polymers or additives of inorganic phases. Importantly, electrospun
PHBV fibers and mats showed an enormous potential in both the medical
field (tissue engineering scaffolds, plasters, wound healing, drug
delivery systems) and industrial applications (filter systems, food
packaging). This Review summarizes the current state of the art in
processing PHBV, especially by electrospinning, its degradation processes,
and biocompatibility studies, starting from a general introduction
to the PHA group of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kaniuk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Syahirah WN, Azami NA, Huong KH, Amirul AA. Preparation, characterization and biodegradation of blend films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with natural biopolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boey JY, Mohamad L, Khok YS, Tay GS, Baidurah S. A Review of the Applications and Biodegradation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Poly(lactic acid) and Its Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1544. [PMID: 34065779 PMCID: PMC8150976 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of plastic goods and improper handling of petroleum-derived plastic waste have brought a plethora of negative impacts to the environment, ecosystem and human health due to its recalcitrance to degradation. These drawbacks become the main driving force behind finding biopolymers with the degradable properties. With the advancement in biopolymer research, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly(lacyic acid) (PLA) and its composites have been alluded to as a potential alternative to replace the petrochemical counterpart. This review highlights the current synthesis process and application of PHAs and PLA and its composites for food packaging materials and coatings. These biopolymers can be further ameliorated to enhance their applicability and are discussed by including the current commercially available packaging products. Factors influencing biodegradation are outlined in the latter part of this review. The main aim of this review article is to organize the scattered available information on various aspects of PHAs and PLA, and its composites for packaging application purposes. It is evident from a literature survey of about 140 recently published papers from the past 15 years that PLA and PHA show excellent physical properties as potential food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Siti Baidurah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia; (J.Y.B.); (L.M.); (Y.S.K.); (G.S.T.)
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Giubilini A, Bondioli F, Messori M, Nyström G, Siqueira G. Advantages of Additive Manufacturing for Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:29. [PMID: 33672131 PMCID: PMC7926534 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biopolymers have been attracting the attention of researchers and specialists from different fields, including biotechnology, material science, engineering, and medicine. The reason is the possibility of combining sustainability with scientific and technological progress. This is an extremely broad research topic, and a distinction has to be made among different classes and types of biopolymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a particular family of polyesters, synthetized by microorganisms under unbalanced growth conditions, making them both bio-based and biodegradable polymers with a thermoplastic behavior. Recently, PHAs were used more intensively in biomedical applications because of their tunable mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, adhesion for cells, and controllable biodegradability. Similarly, the 3D-printing technologies show increasing potential in this particular field of application, due to their advantages in tailor-made design, rapid prototyping, and manufacturing of complex structures. In this review, first, the synthesis and the production of PHAs are described, and different production techniques of medical implants are compared. Then, an overview is given on the most recent and relevant medical applications of PHA for drug delivery, vessel stenting, and tissue engineering. A special focus is reserved for the innovations brought by the introduction of additive manufacturing in this field, as compared to the traditional techniques. All of these advances are expected to have important scientific and commercial applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giubilini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Federica Bondioli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Messori
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
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Turco R, Santagata G, Corrado I, Pezzella C, Di Serio M. In vivo and Post-synthesis Strategies to Enhance the Properties of PHB-Based Materials: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619266. [PMID: 33585417 PMCID: PMC7874203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition toward "green" alternatives to petroleum-based plastics is driven by the need for "drop-in" replacement materials able to combine characteristics of existing plastics with biodegradability and renewability features. Promising alternatives are the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), microbial biodegradable polyesters produced by a wide range of microorganisms as carbon, energy, and redox storage material, displaying properties very close to fossil-fuel-derived polyolefins. Among PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is by far the most well-studied polymer. PHB is a thermoplastic polyester, with very narrow processability window, due to very low resistance to thermal degradation. Since the melting temperature of PHB is around 170-180°C, the processing temperature should be at least 180-190°C. The thermal degradation of PHB at these temperatures proceeds very quickly, causing a rapid decrease in its molecular weight. Moreover, due to its high crystallinity, PHB is stiff and brittle resulting in very poor mechanical properties with low extension at break, which limits its range of application. A further limit to the effective exploitation of these polymers is related to their production costs, which is mostly affected by the costs of the starting feedstocks. Since the first identification of PHB, researchers have faced these issues, and several strategies to improve the processability and reduce brittleness of this polymer have been developed. These approaches range from the in vivo synthesis of PHA copolymers, to the enhancement of post-synthesis PHB-based material performances, thus the addition of additives and plasticizers, acting on the crystallization process as well as on polymer glass transition temperature. In addition, reactive polymer blending with other bio-based polymers represents a versatile approach to modulate polymer properties while preserving its biodegradability. This review examines the state of the art of PHA processing, shedding light on the green and cost-effective tailored strategies aimed at modulating and optimizing polymer performances. Pioneering examples in this field will be examined, and prospects and challenges for their exploitation will be presented. Furthermore, since the establishment of a PHA-based industry passes through the designing of cost-competitive production processes, this review will inspect reported examples assessing this economic aspect, examining the most recent progresses toward process sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Turco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Martino Di Serio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
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Yao Y, Kauffmann F, Maekawa S, Sarment LV, Sugai JV, Schmiedeler CA, Doherty EJ, Holdsworth G, Kostenuik PJ, Giannobile WV. Sclerostin antibody stimulates periodontal regeneration in large alveolar bone defects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16217. [PMID: 33004873 PMCID: PMC7530715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Destruction of the alveolar bone in the jaws can occur due to periodontitis, trauma or following tumor resection. Common reconstructive therapy can include the use of bone grafts with limited predictability and efficacy. Romosozumab, approved by the FDA in 2019, is a humanized sclerostin-neutralizing antibody (Scl-Ab) indicated in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. Preclinical models show that Scl-Ab administration preserves bone volume during periodontal disease, repairs bone defects surrounding dental implants, and reverses alveolar bone loss following extraction socket remodeling. To date, there are no studies evaluating Scl-Ab to repair osseous defects around teeth or to identify the efficacy of locally-delivered Scl-Ab for targeted drug delivery. In this investigation, the use of systemically-delivered versus low dose locally-delivered Scl-Ab via poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres (MSs) was compared at experimentally-created alveolar bone defects in rats. Systemic Scl-Ab administration improved bone regeneration and tended to increase cementogenesis measured by histology and microcomputed tomography, while Scl-Ab delivered by MSs did not result in enhancements in bone or cemental repair compared to MSs alone or control. In conclusion, systemic administration of Scl-Ab promotes bone and cemental regeneration while local, low dose delivery did not heal periodontal osseous defects in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Frederic Kauffmann
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Lea V Sarment
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - James V Sugai
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Caroline A Schmiedeler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Edward J Doherty
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Paul J Kostenuik
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Bonartsev AP, Bonartseva GA, Reshetov IV, Kirpichnikov MP, Shaitan KV. Application of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Medicine and the Biological Activity of Natural Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate). Acta Naturae 2019; 11:4-16. [PMID: 31413875 PMCID: PMC6643351 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are actively used in medicine to produce a wide range of medical devices and dosage formulations. The medical industry mainly utilizes PHAs obtained by chemical synthesis, but interest in the medical application of natural PHAs obtained biotechnologically is also growing. Synthetic PHAs are the biomimetic analogs of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and other natural PHAs. This paper addresses the issue of the presence of biological activity in synthetic and natural PHAs (stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, tissue regeneration) and their possible association with various biological functions of PHB in bacteria and eukaryotes, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - G. A. Bonartseva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - I. V. Reshetov
- Sechenov First Moscow State University, Trubetskaya Str. 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K. V. Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Rajaratanam DD, Ariffin H, Hassan MA, Nik Abd Rahman NMA, Nishida H. In vitro cytotoxicity of superheated steam hydrolyzed oligo((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and characteristics of its blend with poly(L-lactic acid) for biomaterial applications. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199742. [PMID: 29944726 PMCID: PMC6019698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of superheated steam (SHS) treated poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) for biomaterial applications, SHS-treated PHBHHx oligoester samples: P(HB-co-6%-HHx) and P(HB-co-11%-HHx) with low and high percentages of unsaturated chain ends were evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects toward the growth of mouse fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3. From the results obtained after 24 and 48 h of the growth test, the SHS-treated PHBHHx oligoesters were found to be nontoxic to the growth of mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 cell line with cell viability percentages of more than 95%. In order to serve as a potential resorbable medical suture, PHBHHx oligoesters were blended with poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with a weight ratio of PHBHHx oligoester/PLLA = 20:80 (wt/wt) to improve mechanical properties of PHBHHx oligoesters. The PHBHHx oligoesters/PLLA blend films were evaluated for their thermal, mechanical, and surface wetting properties. Thermal properties of the blend films suggested a good compatibility between PHBHHx oligoesters and PLLA components. Mechanical properties of the blend films were determined to be close enough to a desirable strength range of medical sutures. Moreover, contact angle range of 65 < θ < 70° for the blend samples could provide desirable cell adhesion when used as biomaterials. Therefore, the blend of SHS-treated PHBHHx oligoesters and PLLA would be an ideal choice to be used as biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurga Devi Rajaratanam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Haruo Nishida
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Peng K, Wu C, Wei G, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Sun X. Implantable sandwich PHBHHx film for burst-free controlled delivery of thymopentin peptide. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:432-439. [PMID: 29881682 PMCID: PMC5990338 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained release and non-parental formulations of peptides and protein drugs are highly desirable because of enhanced therapeutic effects as well as improved patient compliance. This is especially true for small peptides such as thymopentin (TP5). To this end, implantable sandwich poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) films were designed to prolong release time and to inhibit burst release phenomenon of TP5 by a simple volatilization method. In vitro release studies revealed that sandwich films had nearly no burst release. In vivo release time of sandwich films was prolonged to 42 days. Pharmacodynamic evaluation demonstrated that TP5 sandwich films significantly increased survival rates in a rat immunosuppressive model and normalized CD4+/CD8+ values. These results suggest that TP5 released from sandwich films can attenuate cyclophosphamide's immunosuppressive activity, and possibly achieve results comparable to daily TP5 injection therapy. Thus, sandwich PHBHHx films show excellent potential as a sustained, burst-free release system for small molecular weight, hydrophilic peptide drugs.
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Mohapatra S, Maity S, Dash HR, Das S, Pattnaik S, Rath CC, Samantaray D. Bacillus and biopolymer: Prospects and challenges. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:206-213. [PMID: 29090283 PMCID: PMC5651552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbially derived polyhydroxyalkanoates biopolymers could impact the global climate scenario by replacing the conventional non-degradable, petrochemical-based polymer. The biogenesis, characterization and properties of PHAs by Bacillus species using renewable substrates have been elaborated by many for their wide applications. On the other hand Bacillus species are advantageous over other bacteria due to their abundance even in extreme ecological conditions, higher growth rates even on cheap substrates, higher PHAs production ability, and the ease of extracting the PHAs. Bacillus species possess hydrolytic enzymes that can be exploited for economical PHAs production. This review summarizes the recent trends in both non-growth and growth associated PHAs production by Bacillus species which may provide direction leading to future research towards this growing quest for biodegradable plastics, one more critical step ahead towards sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sudipta Maity
- Department of Microbiology, CPGS, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-3, Odisha, India
| | - Hirak Ranjan Dash
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Swati Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, CPGS, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-3, Odisha, India
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20
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Gredes T, Schönitz S, Gedrange T, Stepien L, Kozak K, Kunert-Keil C. In vivo analysis of covering materials composed of biodegradable polymers enriched with flax fibers. Biomater Res 2017; 21:8. [PMID: 28529764 PMCID: PMC5437395 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-017-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of bioactive composites with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) as the matrix, reinforced with bioplastic flax fibers, on the surrounding muscle tissue. METHODS Materials of pure PLA and PCL and their composites with flax fibers from genetically modified plants producing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PLA-transgen, PCL-transgen) and unmodified plants (PLA-wt, PCL-wt) were placed subcutaneous on the M. latissimus dorsi for four weeks. RESULTS The analysis of histological samples revealed that every tested material was differently encapsulated and the capsule thickness is much more pronounced when using the PCL composites in comparison with the PLA composites. The encapsulation by connective tissue was significantly reduced around PCL-transgen and significantly increased in the cases of PLA-transgen and PLA-wt. In the collected muscle samples, the measured protein expression of CD45, lymphocyte common antigen, was significantly increased after the use of all tested materials, with the exception of pure PCL. In contrast, the protein expression of caveolin-1 remained unchanged after treatment with the most examined materials. Only after insertion of PLA-wt, a significant increase of caveolin-1 protein expression was detected, due to the improved neovascularization. CONCLUSION These data support the presumption that the new bioactive composites are biocompatible and they could be applicable in the medical field to support the regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gredes
- Department of Orthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Schönitz
- Department of Orthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Department of Orthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Stepien
- Fraunhofer IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, D-01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karol Kozak
- Clinic for Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, D-01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Kunert-Keil
- Department of Orthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Shenoi RA, Abbina S, Kizhakkedathu JN. In Vivo Biological Evaluation of High Molecular Weight Multifunctional Acid-Degradable Polymeric Drug Carriers with Structurally Different Ketals. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3683-3693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh A. Shenoi
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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22
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Bone Regeneration after Treatment with Covering Materials Composed of Flax Fibers and Biodegradable Plastics: A Histological Study in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5146285. [PMID: 27597965 PMCID: PMC4997065 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5146285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the osteogenic potential of new flax covering materials. Bone defects were created on the skull of forty rats. Materials of pure PLA and PCL and their composites with flax fibers, genetically modified producing PHB (PLA-transgen, PCL-transgen) and unmodified (PLA-wt, PCL-wt), were inserted. The skulls were harvested after four weeks and subjected to histological examination. The percentage of bone regeneration by using PLA was less pronounced than after usage of pure PCL in comparison with controls. After treatment with PCL-transgen, a large amount of new formed bone could be found. In contrast, PCL-wt decreased significantly the bone regeneration, compared to the other tested groups. The bone covers made of pure PLA had substantially less influence on bone regeneration and the bone healing proceeded with a lot of connective tissue, whereas PLA-transgen and PLA-wt showed nearly comparable amount of new formed bone. Regarding the histological data, the hypothesis could be proposed that PCL and its composites have contributed to a higher quantity of the regenerated bone, compared to PLA. The histological studies showed comparable bone regeneration processes after treatment with tested covering materials, as well as in the untreated bone lesions.
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Balcioglu S, Parlakpinar H, Vardi N, Denkbas EB, Karaaslan MG, Gulgen S, Taslidere E, Koytepe S, Ates B. Design of Xylose-Based Semisynthetic Polyurethane Tissue Adhesives with Enhanced Bioactivity Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4456-4466. [PMID: 26824739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing biocompatible tissue adhesives with high adhesion properties is a highly desired goal of the tissue engineering due to adverse effects of the sutures. Therefore, our work involves synthesis, characterization, adhesion properties, protein adsorption, in vitro biodegradation, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility properties of xylose-based semisynthetic polyurethane (NPU-PEG-X) bioadhesives. Xylose-based semisynthetic polyurethanes were developed by the reaction among 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (MCI), xylose and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG). Synthesized polyurethanes (PUs) showed good thermal stability and high adhesion strength. The highest values in adhesion strength were measured as 415.0 ± 48.8 and 94.0 ± 2.8 kPa for aluminum substrate and muscle tissue in 15% xylose containing PUs (NPU-PEG-X-15%), respectively. The biodegradation of NPU-PEG-X-15% was also determined as 19.96 ± 1.04% after 8 weeks of incubation. Relative cell viability of xylose containing PU was above 86%. Moreover, 10% xylose containing NPU-PEG-X (NPU-PEG-X-10%) sample has favorable tissue response, and inflammatory reaction between 1 and 6 weeks implantation period. With high adhesiveness and biocompatibility properties, NPU-PEG-X can be used in the medical field as supporting materials for preventing the fluid leakage after abdominal surgery or wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Balcioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Emir Baki Denkbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Selam Gulgen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Elif Taslidere
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Koytepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University , Malatya 44280, Turkey
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Chang HM, Wang ZH, Luo HN, Xu M, Ren XY, Zheng GX, Wu BJ, Zhang XH, Lu XY, Chen F, Jing XH, Wang L. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:533-9. [PMID: 25003631 PMCID: PMC4123831 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Development and selection of an ideal scaffold is of importance for tissue engineering. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) is a biocompatible bioresorbable copolymer that belongs to the polyhydroxyalkanoate family. Because of its good biocompatibility, PHBHHx has been widely used as a cell scaffold for tissue engineering. This review focuses on the utilization of PHBHHx-based scaffolds in tissue engineering. Advances in the preparation, modification, and application of PHBHHx scaffolds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Z H Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - H N Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Y Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - G X Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - B J Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Y Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - F Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X H Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Lomas AJ, Chen GG, El Haj AJ, Forsyth NR. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) supports adhesion and migration of mesenchymal stem cells and tenocytes. World J Stem Cells 2012; 4. [PMID: 23193433 PMCID: PMC3507844 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v4.i9.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish the potential of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) as a material for tendon repair. METHODS The biocompatibility of PHBHHx with both rat tenocytes (rT) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) was explored by monitoring adhesive characteristics on films of varying weight/volume ratios coupled to a culture atmosphere of either 21% O(2) (air) or 2% O(2) (physiological normoxia). The diameter and stiffness of PHBHHx films was established using optical coherence tomography and mechanical testing, respectively. RESULTS Film thickness correlated directly with weight/volume PHBHHx (r(2) = 0.9473) ranging from 0.1 mm (0.8% weight/volume) to 0.19 mm (2.4% weight/volume). Film stiffness on the other hand displayed a biphasic response which increased rapidly at values > 1.6% weight/volume. Optimal cell attachment of rT required films of ≥ 1.6% and ≥ 2.0% weight/volume PHBHHx in 2% O(2) and 21% O(2) respectively. A qualitative adhesion increase was noted for hMSC in films ≥ 1.2% weight/volume, becoming significant at 2% weight/volume in 2% O(2). An increase in cell adhesion was also noted with ≥ 2% weight/volume PHBHHx in 21% O(2). Cell migration into films was not observed. CONCLUSION This evaluation demonstrates that PHBHHx is a suitable polymer for future cell/polymer replacement strategies in tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Lomas
- Alex J Lomas, Alicia J El Haj, Nicholas R Forsyth, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
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Soft tissue response to the presence of polypropylene-G-poly(ethylene glycol) comb-type graft copolymers containing gold nanoparticles. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:956169. [PMID: 22235166 PMCID: PMC3253541 DOI: 10.1155/2011/956169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the soft tissue response of the pure and Au-embedded PPg-PEG. PP-g-PEG2000, PP-g-PEG4000, Au-PP-g-PEG2000, and AuPP-g-PEG4000 were obtained via chlorination of polypropylene and polyethylene glycol in the presence of a base with a “grafting onto” technique. Solvent cast films of these four copolymers with PP as a control group were embedded into five different rats. After 30 days of implantation, microscopic evaluation of inflammation and SEM analysis were done. PP had the most intense inflammatory reaction among the other polymers. PP-PEG block copolymers with high molecular weight and gold-nanoparticles-embedded ones revealed mild inflammatory reaction independently. SEM assessment revealed punched hole-like defects on the surface of all polymer samples except for PP. Graft copolymers with PEG, especially Au-attached ones, have favorable soft tissue response, and inflammatory reaction becomes milder as the number of PEG side chains increases.
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27
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Yang HX, Sun M, Zhang Y, Zhou P. Degradable PHBHHx Modified by the Silk Fibroin for the Applications of Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5402/2011/389872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), has been used to fabricate the tissue-engineered cardiovascular scaffolds due to its controllable and suitable mechanical properties. However, the unsound biocompatibility of PHBHHx is still the unsolved problem till now. Silk fibroin (SF) with low inflammation, no blood clotting, and good cell and tissue compatibility in vitro and vivo is adopted as a surface modificator to improve the biocompatibility of PHBHHx. The adhesion of SF on PHBHHx surface was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle. The proliferation and morphologies of human fibroblasts, human smooth muscle cells, endothelial-like cell line ECV304, and umbilical vein endothelial cells on the SF-modified PHBHHx were studied by the assays of MTT, H&E staining, DAPI staining, and the scanning electron microscopy. In sum, SF-modified PHBHHx scaffolds are highly biocompatible with cardiovascular-related cells, demonstrating its potential help for the extensive applications of PHBHHx in the cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xiao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Beslikas T, Gigis I, Goulios V, Christoforides J, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Crystallization study and comparative in vitro-in vivo hydrolysis of PLA reinforcement ligament. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6597-618. [PMID: 22072906 PMCID: PMC3210997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the crystallization behavior and in vitro-in vivo hydrolysis rates of PLA absorbable reinforcement ligaments used in orthopaedics for the repair and reinforcement of articulation instabilities were studied. Tensile strength tests showed that this reinforcement ligament has similar mechanical properties to Fascia Latta, which is an allograft sourced from the ilio-tibial band of the human body. The PLA reinforcement ligament is a semicrystalline material with a glass transition temperature around 61 °C and a melting point of ~178 °C. Dynamic crystallization revealed that, although the crystallization rates of the material are slow, they are faster than the often-reported PLA crystallization rates. Mass loss and molecular weight reduction measurements showed that in vitro hydrolysis at 50 °C initially takes place at a slow rate, which gets progressively higher after 30-40 days. As found from SEM micrographs, deterioration of the PLA fibers begins during this time. Furthermore, as found from in vivo hydrolysis in the human body, the PLA reinforcement ligament is fully biocompatible and after 6 months of implantation is completely covered with flesh. However, the observed hydrolysis rate from in vivo studies was slow due to high molecular weight and degree of crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Beslikas
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (T.B.); (I.G.); (V.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Ioannis Gigis
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (T.B.); (I.G.); (V.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Vasilios Goulios
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (T.B.); (I.G.); (V.G.); (J.C.)
| | - John Christoforides
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (T.B.); (I.G.); (V.G.); (J.C.)
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece; E-Mail:
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia 54124, Greece; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997812; Fax: +30-2310-997667
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