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Granat MM, Eifler-Zydel J, Kolmas J. Statins-Their Role in Bone Tissue Metabolism and Local Applications with Different Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2378. [PMID: 38397055 PMCID: PMC10888549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for lipid disorders, primarily target 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase competitively and reversibly, resulting in reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This mechanism proves effective in lowering the risk of lipid-related diseases such as ischemic cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases. Beyond their established use, statins are under scrutiny for potential applications in treating bone diseases. The focus of research centers mainly on simvastatin, a lipophilic statin demonstrating efficacy in preventing osteoporosis and aiding in fracture and bone defect healing. Notably, these effects manifest at elevated doses (20 mg/kg/day) of statins, posing challenges for systematic administration due to their limited bone affinity. Current investigations explore intraosseous statin delivery facilitated by specialized carriers. This paper outlines various carrier types, characterizing their structures and underscoring various statins' potential as local treatments for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Mateusz Granat
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Eifler-Zydel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kolmas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Chien ST, Suydam IT, Woodrow KA. Prodrug approaches for the development of a long-acting drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114860. [PMID: 37160248 PMCID: PMC10498988 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting formulations are designed to reduce dosing frequency and simplify dosing schedules by providing an extended duration of action. One approach to obtain long-acting formulations is to combine long-acting prodrugs (LA-prodrug) with existing or emerging drug delivery technologies (DDS). The design criteria for long-acting prodrugs are distinct from conventional prodrug strategies that alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters. Our review focuses on long-acting prodrug delivery systems (LA-prodrug DDS), which is a subcategory of long-acting formulations where prodrug design enables DDS formulation to achieve an extended duration of action that is greater than the parent drug. Here, we define LA-prodrugs as the conjugation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to a promoiety group via a cleavable covalent linker, where both the promoiety and linker are selected to enable formulation and administration from a drug delivery system (DDS) to achieve an extended duration of action. These LA-prodrug DDS results in an extended interval where the API is within a therapeutic range without necessarily altering ADME as is typical of conventional prodrugs. The conversion of the LA-prodrug to the API is dependent on linker cleavage, which can occur before or after release from the DDS. The requirement for linker cleavage provides an additional tool to prolong release from these LA-prodrug DDS. In addition, the physicochemical properties of drugs can be tuned by promoiety selection for a particular DDS. Conjugation with promoieties that are carriers or amenable to assembly into carriers can also provide access to formulations designed for extending duration of action. LA-prodrugs have been applied to a wide variety of drug delivery strategies and are categorized in this review by promoiety size and complexity. Small molecule promoieties (typically MW < 1000 Da) have been used to improve encapsulation or partitioning as well as broaden APIs for use with traditional long-acting formulations such as solid drug dispersions. Macromolecular promoieties (typically MW > 1000 Da) have been applied to hydrogels, nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, and polymerized prodrug monomers. The resulting LA-prodrug DDS enable extended duration of action for active pharmaceuticals across a wide range of applications, with target release timescales spanning days to years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Tian Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Ian T Suydam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
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3
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Lasowski F, Rambarran T, Rahmani V, Sheardown HD. Tethered Drug Release from Model Contact Lenses. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Lasowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Talena Rambarran
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Vida Rahmani
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Heather D. Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
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4
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Kuwahara M, Akasaki Y, Goto N, Kurakazu I, Sueishi T, Toya M, Uchida T, Tsutsui T, Hirose R, Tsushima H, Nakashima Y. Fluvastatin promotes chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by inducing bone morphogenetic protein 2. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:61. [PMID: 35945639 PMCID: PMC9361648 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a promising source of material source for medical regeneration of cartilage. Growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) subfamily members and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), play important roles in inducing and promoting chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, these exogenous growth factors have some drawbacks related to their cost, biological half-life, and safety for clinical application. Several studies have reported that statins, the competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-2-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, induce the expression of BMP2 in multiple cell types as the pleotropic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fluvastatin during chondrogenic differentiation of human ADMSCs (hADMSCs). Methods The effects of fluvastatin were analyzed during chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs in the pellet culture without exogenous growth factors by qRT-PCR and histology. For functional studies, Noggin, an antagonist of BMPs, mevalonic acid (MVA) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), metabolites of the mevalonate pathway, ROCK inhibitor (Y27632), or RAC1 inhibitor (NSC23766) were applied to cells during chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, RhoA activity was measured by RhoA pulldown assay during chondrogenic differentiation with or without fluvastatin. Statistically significant differences between groups were determined by Student’s t-test or the Tukey–Kramer test. Results Fluvastatin-treated cells expressed higher levels of BMP2, SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1 than control cells, and accumulated higher levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Noggin significantly inhibited the fluvastatin-mediated upregulation of ACAN and COL2A1. Both MVA and GGPP suppressed the effects of fluvastatin on the expressions of BMP2, SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1. Furthermore, fluvastatin suppressed the RhoA activity, and inhibition of RhoA–ROCK signaling by Y27632 increased the expressions of BMP2, SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1, as well as fluvastatin. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluvastatin promotes chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs by inducing endogenous BMP2, and that one of the mechanisms underlying the effects is inhibition of RhoA–ROCK signaling via suppression of GGPP. Fluvastatin is a safe and low-cost compound that holds promise for use in transplantation of hADMSCs for cartilage regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00600-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Kuwahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Norio Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurakazu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Sueishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taisuke Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryota Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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5
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Kim SJ, Byun H, Lee S, Kim E, Lee GM, Huh SJ, Joo J, Shin H. Spatially arranged encapsulation of stem cell spheroids within hydrogels for the regulation of spheroid fusion and cell migration. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:60-72. [PMID: 35085797 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell spheroids have been encapsulated in hydrogels for various applications because spheroids demonstrate higher cell activity than individual cells in suspension. However, there is limited information on the effect of distance between spheroids (inter-spheroid distance) on fusion or migration in a hydrogel. In this study, we developed temperature-responsive hydrogels with surface microwell patterns to culture adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) spheroids and deliver them into a Matrigel for the investigation of the effect of inter-spheroid distance on spheroid behavior. The ASC spheroids were encapsulated successfully in a Matrigel, denoted as sandwich culture, with a specific inter-spheroid distance ranging from 100 to 400 µm. Interestingly, ASCs migrated from the host spheroid and formed a bridge-like structure between spheroids, denoted as a cellular bridge, only when the inter-spheroid distance was 200 µm. Thus, we performed a sandwich culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and ASCs in co-cultured spheroids in the Matrigel to create a homogeneous endothelial cell network in the hydrogel. The HUVECs sprouted through the ASC cellular bridge and directly interacted with the adjacent spheroid when the inter-spheroid distance was 200 µm. Similar results were obtained from an in vivo study. Thus, our study suggests the appropriate inter-spheroid distance for effective spheroid encapsulation in a hydrogel. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, spheroid-based 3D tissue culture techniques such as spheroid encapsulation or 3D printing are being intensively investigated for various purposes. However, there is limited research regarding the effect of the inter-spheroid distance on spheroid communication. Here, we demonstrate a spatially arranged spheroid encapsulation method within a Matrigel by using a temperature-responsive hydrogel. Human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids are encapsulated with a precisely controlled inter-spheroid distance from 100 to 400 µm and show different tendencies in cell migration and spheroid fusion. Our results suggest that the inter-spheroid distance affects spheroid communication, and thus, the inter-spheroid distance needs to be considered carefully according to the purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Byun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Min Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Saveleva MS, Ivanov AN, Chibrikova JA, Abalymov AA, Surmeneva MA, Surmenev RA, Parakhonskiy BV, Lomova MV, Skirtach AG, Norkin IA. Osteogenic Capability of Vaterite-Coated Nonwoven Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for In Vivo Bone Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100266. [PMID: 34608754 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In current orthopedic practice, bone implants used to-date often exhibit poor osteointegration, impaired osteogenesis, and, eventually, implant failure. Actively pursued strategies for tissue engineering could overcome these shortcomings by developing new hybrid materials with bioinspired structure and enhanced regenerative potential. In this study, the osteogenic and therapeutic potential of bioactive vaterite is investigated as a functional component of a fibrous polymeric scaffold for bone regeneration. Hybrid two-layered polycaprolactone scaffolds coated with vaterite (PCL/CaCO3 ) are studied during their 28-days implantation period in a rat femur defect. After this period, the study of tissue formation in the defected area is performed by the histological study of femur cross-sections. Immobilization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) into PCL/CaCO3 scaffolds accelerates new bone tissue formation and defect repair. PCL/CaCO3 and PCL/CaCO3 /ALP scaffolds reveal 37.3% and 62.9% areas, respectively, filled with newly formed bone tissue in cross-sections compared to unmineralized PCL scaffold (17.5%). Bone turnover markers are monitored on the 7th and 28th days after implantation and reveal an increase of osteocalcin level for both PCL/CaCO3 and PCL/CaCO3 /ALP compared with PCL indicating the activation of osteogenesis. These findings indicate that vaterite, as an osteoconductive component of polymeric scaffolds, promotes osteogenesis, supports angiogenesis, and facilitates bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S Saveleva
- Remotely Controlled Systems for Theranostics Laboratory, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Bolshaya Kazachya 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Julia A Chibrikova
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Bolshaya Kazachya 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Anatolii A Abalymov
- Remotely Controlled Systems for Theranostics Laboratory, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Maria A Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin's Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin's Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Maria V Lomova
- Remotely Controlled Systems for Theranostics Laboratory, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia.,Scientific and Educational Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-ya Baumanskaya 5, Moscow, 105005, Russia
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Igor A Norkin
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Bolshaya Kazachya 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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7
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Chamani S, Liberale L, Mobasheri L, Montecucco F, Al-Rasadi K, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The role of statins in the differentiation and function of bone cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13534. [PMID: 33656763 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors blocking cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatic cells, thereby causing an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors resulting in enhanced uptake and clearance of atherogenic LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. Accordingly, statins decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Besides the LDL-C-lowering impact, statins also have other so-called pleiotropic effects. Among them, the ability to modulate differentiation and function of bone cells and exert direct effects on osteosynthesis factors. Specifically, earlier studies have shown that statins cause in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation. DESIGN The most relevant papers on the bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins were selected following literature search in databases and were reveiwed. RESULTS Statins increase the expression of many mediators involved in bone metabolism including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and collagenase-1. As a result, they enhance bone formation and improve bone mineral density by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the literature exploring bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins and suggests an anabolic role in the bone tissue for this drug class. Accordingly, current knowledge encourages further clinical trials to assess the therapeutic potential of statins in the treatment of bone disorders, such as arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Chamani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Xin W, Wang Y, Bian Y, Lin J, Weng W, Zhao X, Gou K, Guo X, Li H. Facile synthesis of PEI-based crystalline templated mesoporous silica with molecular chirality for improved oral delivery of the poorly water-soluble drug. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:894-905. [PMID: 33960251 PMCID: PMC8118497 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1912212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to build up a novel chiral mesoporous silica called PEIs@TA-CMS through a facile biomimetic strategy and to explore its potential to serve as a drug carrier for improving the delivery efficiency of poorly water-soluble drug. PEIs@TA-CMS was synthesized by using a chiral crystalline complex associated of tartaric acid and polyethyleneimine (PEIs) as templates, scaffolds and catalysts. The structural features including morphology, size, pore structure and texture properties were systematacially studied. The results showed that PEIs@TA-CMS was monodispersed spherical nanoparticles in a uniformed diameter of 120–130 nm with well-developed pore structure (SBET: 1009.94 m2/g, pore size <2.21 nm). Then PEIs@TA-CMS was employed as nimodipine (NMP) carrier and compared with the drug carry ability of MCM41. After drug loading, NMP was effectively transformed from the crystalline state to an amorphous state due to the space confinement in mesopores. As expected, PEIs@TA-CMS had superiority in both drug loading and drug release compared to MCM41. It could incorporate NMP with high efficiency, and the dissolution-promoting effect of PEIs@TA-CMS was more obvious because of the unique interconnected curved pore channels. Meanwhile, PEIs@TA-CMS could significantly improve the oral adsorption of NMP to a satisfactory level, which showed approximately 3.26-fold higher in bioavailability, and could effectively prolong the survival time of mice on cerebral anoxia from 10.98 to 17.33 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenhao Weng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaijun Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianmou Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heran Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Pluronic F-127/Silk Fibroin for Enhanced Mechanical Property and Sustained Release Drug for Tissue Engineering Biomaterial. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051287. [PMID: 33800354 PMCID: PMC7962836 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel was developed for a drug and cellular delivery system. The composite was prepared by facile physical mixing of pluronic F-127 (PF) and silk fibroin (SF) in an aqueous solution. The chemical structure, transparency, viscosity, injectability, degradation kinetic, cumulative release of dexamethasone (Dex), a type of corticosteroid drug, and size distribution of the fabricated hydrogels were characterized. Cytotoxicity of the hydrogels was also studied to verify the biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The addition of a proper amount of SF to PF not only improved the mechanical strength but also decreased the degradation rate which improved the fast rate release of hydrophobic drugs. The cytotoxicity of the hydrogel decreased when SF was added to PF in a proper amount. Overall, the results confirm that the composite of PF and SF can be a promising cell and drug delivery system for future application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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10
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Borges FTP, Papavasiliou G, Teymour F. Characterizing the Molecular Architecture of Hydrogels and Crosslinked Polymer Networks beyond Flory-Rehner-I. Theory. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5104-5118. [PMID: 33253542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the early 1940s, Paul Flory and John Rehner published a series of papers on the properties of swellable polymeric networks. Originally intended for vulcanized rubber, their development has since been extensively used and extended to much more complex systems, such as hydrogels, and used to estimate the mesh size of such networks. In this article, we take a look at the development of the Flory-Rehner equation and highlight several issues that arise when using such a theory for the described hydrogel networks. We then propose a new approach and equations to accurately calculate the backbone molecular weight in-between crosslinks while explicitly accounting for the molecular mass of the crosslinker and branch segments. The approach also provides more applicable mesh dimensions, for complex networks with macromeric crosslinkers and/or a high degree of branching, as is the case of biocompatible hydrogels. The approach is finally illustrated by a case study comparing the values obtained with our proposed approach to those using the state-of-the-art approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T P Borges
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Fouad Teymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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11
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part III - Further strategies for local and systemic modulation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:439-488. [PMID: 31177207 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this third in a series of reviews on adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing, further approaches aiming at influencing the healing process are discussed. Local and systemic modulation of bone metabolism is pursued with use of a number of drugs with completely different indications, which are characterized by a pleiotropic spectrum of action. These include drugs used to treat lipid disorders (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), hypertension (ACE inhibitors), osteoporosis (bisphosphonates), cancer (proteasome inhibitors) and others. Potential applications to enhance bone healing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Bisht J, LeValley P, Noren B, McBride R, Kharkar P, Kloxin A, Gatlin J, Oakey J. Light-inducible activation of cell cycle progression in Xenopus egg extracts under microfluidic confinement. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3499-3511. [PMID: 31544194 PMCID: PMC7819639 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free Xenopus egg extract is a widely used and biochemically tractable model system that allows recapitulation and elucidation of fundamental cellular processes. Recently, the introduction of microfluidic extract manipulation has enabled compartmentalization of bulk extract and a newfound ability to study organelles on length scales that recapitulate key features of cellular morphology. While the microfluidic confinement of extracts has produced a compelling platform for the in vitro study of cell processes at physiologically-relevant length scales, it also imposes experimental limitations by restricting dynamic control over extract properties. Here, we introduce photodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels as a vehicle to passively and selectively manipulate extract composition through the release of proteins encapsulated within the hydrogel matrix. Photopatterned PEG hydrogels, passive to both extract and encapsulated proteins, serve as protein depots within microfluidic channels, which are subsequently flooded with extract. Illumination by ultraviolet light (UV) degrades the hydrogel structures and releases encapsulated protein. We show that an engineered fluorescent protein with a nuclear localization signal (GST-GFP-NLS) retains its ability to localize within nearby nuclei following UV-induced release from hydrogel structures. When diffusion is considered, the kinetics of nuclear accumulation are similar to those in experiments utilizing conventional, bulk fluid handling. Similarly, the release of recombinant cyclin B Δ90, a mutant form of the master cell cycle regulator cyclin B which lacks the canonical destruction box, was able to induce the expected cell cycle transition from interphase to mitosis. This transition was confirmed by the observation of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), a phenomenological hallmark of mitosis, and the induction of mitosis-specific biochemical markers. This approach to extract manipulation presents a versatile and customizable route to regulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular events in microfluidically confined cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Paige LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Benjamin Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Prathamesh Kharkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - April Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jesse Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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13
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Khetan S, Corey O. Maintenance of stem cell viability and differentiation potential following cryopreservation within 3-dimensional hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Cryobiology 2019; 90:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Haugen HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Rossi F, Perale G. Bone grafts: which is the ideal biomaterial? J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:92-102. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials; Institute of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials; Institute of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Corticalis AS; Oslo Science Park Oslo Norway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA; Mezzovico-Vira Switzerland
- Biomaterials Laboratory; Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland; Manno Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino; Genova Italy
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15
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Kalani MM, Nourmohammadi J, Negahdari B, Rahimi A, Sell SA. Electrospun core-sheath poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk fibroin nanofibers with Rosuvastatin release functionality for enhancing osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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pH-responsive chitosan based hydrogels affect the release of dapsone: Design, set-up, and physicochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1268-1279. [PMID: 31034906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone (DAP) is a bactericidal agent used in the treatment of leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Despite its therapeutic potential, DAP has low solubility, which results in allow therapeutic index and a high microbial resistance. Recently, new approaches were used to increase the DAP solubility. In particular, the use of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-hydrogels based chitosan (CS) for the controlled release of DAP provides some advantages because they can modify their swelling properties and network structures as a response to environmental stimuli. The aim of this study was to synthesize and physicochemically characterize pH-responsive chitosan/polymer hydrogels to control the release of DAP. For this reason, different combination of polymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and concentrations of the cross-linking agents (glutaraldehyde) were used and then blended to the CS. The resulting hydrogels were evaluated in terms of physicochemical and swelling properties, rheological analysis and in vitro release of DAP at different pHs (1.2-6.8). Hydrogels were further characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. pH-responsive DAP-loaded hydrogels may represent the set-up for developing potential oral formulations for the treatment of leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
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17
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Kalani MM, Nourmohammadi J, Negahdari B. Osteogenic potential of Rosuvastatin immobilized on silk fibroin nanofibers using argon plasma treatment. Biomed Mater 2018; 14:025002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaec26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Zhou X, Li Y, Chen S, Fu YN, Wang S, Li G, Tao L, Wei Y, Wang X, Liang JF. Dynamic agent of an injectable and self-healing drug-loaded hydrogel for embolization therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:601-607. [PMID: 30219579 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Embolic agents are crucial for trans-catheter arterial embolization (TAE) in the treatment of various unresectable malignant tumors. Although solid particles, liquid oils, and some polymeric hydrogels have proved their capacities for embolic therapies, the low efficiency, time sensitivity, and cytotoxicity are still considered as challenges. In this study, we developed a three-component dynamic self-healing hydrogel to overcome these limitations. With the help of the Schiff-base bonding, both glycol-chitosan and carbazochrome, containing amine groups, react with dibenzaldehyde-terminated poly(ethylene-glycol) (DF-PEG), forming the dynamic self-healing hydrogels under a mild condition within 200 s. 1H NMR and rheology test were used to characterize the Schiff-base formation and mechanical strength. Controlled-release of carbazochrome from different gelator concentrations of DF-PEG was also studied. Furthermore, in vivo evaluation of the embolization on rats showed the superior embolic effects of the injectable and self-healing hydrogel. Therefore, this new dynamic agent demonstrated the potential for application as a simple, inexpensive, and tunable embolic agent for cancer treatment and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Yongsan Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Fu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jun F Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA.
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19
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Oda Y, Sasaki H, Miura T, Takanashi T, Furuya Y, Yoshinari M, Yajima Y. Bone marrow stromal cells from low-turnover osteoporotic mouse model are less sensitive to the osteogenic effects of fluvastatin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202857. [PMID: 30142209 PMCID: PMC6108483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluvastatin on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) compared with that in the normal senescence-accelerated-resistant mouse (SAMR1) model. SAMP strains arose spontaneously from the AKR/J background and display shortened life span and an array of signs of accelerated aging, compared with control SAMR strains. The dose effects of fluvastatin were also evaluated. BMSCs were cultured with/without fluvastatin (0 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, and 1.0 μM). WST-1-based colorimetry was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. To evaluate cell differentiation, gene expression levels of bmp2 and runx2 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and protein expression levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BMP2) and immunofluorescence staining (BMP2 and Runx2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and histochemical detection were determined; the effect of noggin, a BMP-specific antagonist, was examined using ALP histochemical detection. To assess for mature osteogenic marker, gene expression levels of bglap2 were determined by qRT-PCR and mineralization was determined by alizarin red staining. RhoA activity was also examined by Western blotting. In SAMP6, BMP2, Runx2 and Bglap2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased by fluvastatin, and ALP activity was increased by BMP2 action. RhoA activity was also inhibited by fluvastatin. The concentration of fluvastatin sufficient to increase BMP2 and Runx2 expression and ALP activity was 0.5 μM in SAMP6 and 0.1 μM in SAMR1. In conclusion, the present study revealed that fluvastatin promoted BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts by RhoA-BMP2 pathway in SAMP6. BMSCs of SAMP6 are less sensitive to the osteogenic effects of fluvastatin than SAMR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miura
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takanashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Furuya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshinari
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Newman MR, Russell SG, Benoit DSW. Controlled organocatalyzed d,l-lactide ring-opening polymerizations: synthesis of low molecular weight oligomers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28891-28894. [PMID: 35539697 PMCID: PMC9084349 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05306e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic approach to the synthesis of organocatalyzed oligo(d,l-lactide) demonstrates that choice of initiator, catalytic ratio, and reaction time yields well-controlled oligomers. Ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide with the initiator α-methyl propargyl alcohol, a secondary alcohol, used in excess of 4-dimethylaminopyridine catalyst mitigates cyclicization, transesterification, and catalyst-initiated side reactions. This approach enables the design of uniform lactide oligomers for controlled release applications, such as delivery systems for drugs, prodrugs, and molecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY 14642 USA
| | - S G Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - D S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY 14642 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
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21
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Ferracini R, Martínez Herreros I, Russo A, Casalini T, Rossi F, Perale G. Scaffolds as Structural Tools for Bone-Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030122. [PMID: 30096765 PMCID: PMC6161191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone has a high potential to regenerate itself after damage and injury, the efficacious repair of large bone defects resulting from resection, trauma or non-union fractures still requires the implantation of bone grafts. Materials science, in conjunction with biotechnology, can satisfy these needs by developing artificial bones, synthetic substitutes and organ implants. In particular, recent advances in materials science have provided several innovations, underlying the increasing importance of biomaterials in this field. To address the increasing need for improved bone substitutes, tissue engineering seeks to create synthetic, three-dimensional scaffolds made from organic or inorganic materials, incorporating drugs and growth factors, to induce new bone tissue formation. This review emphasizes recent progress in materials science that allows reliable scaffolds to be synthesized for targeted drug delivery in bone regeneration, also with respect to past directions no longer considered promising. A general overview concerning modeling approaches suitable for the discussed systems is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Isabel Martínez Herreros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Casalini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria, 26928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria, 26928 Manno, Switzerland.
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland.
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22
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Benoit DSW. Degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels for spatiotemporal control of siRNA/nanoparticle delivery. J Control Release 2018; 287:58-66. [PMID: 30077736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite great therapeutic potential and development of a repertoire of delivery approaches addressing degradation and cellular uptake limitations, small interfering RNA (siRNA) exhibits poorly controlled tissue-specific localization. To overcome this hurdle, siRNA was complexed to nanoparticles (siRNA/NP) embedded within poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid)-dimethacrylate (PEG-PLA-DM) hydrogels with the hypothesis that hydrolytic degradation of ester bonds within the PLA crosslinks would provide tunable, sustained siRNA/NP release. Hydrogels formed from macromers with increasing PLA repeats (e.g., 0 or non-degradable to 5 PLA repeats flanking PEG cores) and mixtures of nondegradable PEG-DM (0 PLA) and degradable PEG-PLA5-DM macromers were investigated. Hydrogels formed only with fully degradable crosslinks degraded rapidly over 6-14 days with limited control over siRNA/NP release. However, hydrogels formed with mixtures of nondegradable and 20%, 50%, and 100% degradable macromers resulted in siRNA/NP release over 3 to 28 days. Subsequently, gene silencing mediated by released siRNA/NP from 20% and 50% degradable hydrogels was sustained for ~28 days. Furthermore, in vivo imaging showed that hydrogel degradation controlled siRNA/NP localization, with sustained siRNA/NP release from 0%, 20% and 50% degradable hydrogels over 28, 21, and 15 days. A model, which accounts for hydrogel degradation rate and siRNA/NP diffusion, was developed to enable rational design of siRNA/NP delivery depots. Overall, this study shows that siRNA/NP release can be sustained via encapsulation in hydrogels with tunable degradation kinetics and modeled for a priori design of delivery depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Sue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Departments of Chemical Engineering, 4510 Wegmans Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Departments of Orthopaedics, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Departments of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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23
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Wang Y, Newman MR, Benoit DSW. Development of controlled drug delivery systems for bone fracture-targeted therapeutic delivery: A review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:223-236. [PMID: 29471078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Impaired fracture healing is a major clinical problem that can lead to patient disability, prolonged hospitalization, and significant financial burden. Although the majority of fractures heal using standard clinical practices, approximately 10% suffer from delayed unions or non-unions. A wide range of factors contribute to the risk for nonunions including internal factors, such as patient age, gender, and comorbidities, and external factors, such as the location and extent of injury. Current clinical approaches to treat nonunions include bone grafts and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which realizes clinical success only to select patients due to limitations including donor morbidities (grafts) and necessity of fracture reduction (LIPUS), respectively. To date, therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration rely heavily on protein-based growth factors such as INFUSE, an FDA-approved scaffold for delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Small molecule modulators and RNAi therapeutics are under development to circumvent challenges associated with traditional growth factors. While preclinical studies has shown promise, drug delivery has become a major hurdle stalling clinical translation. Therefore, this review overviews current therapies employed to stimulate fracture healing pre-clinically and clinically, including a focus on drug delivery systems for growth factors, parathyroid hormone (PTH), small molecules, and RNAi therapeutics, as well as recent advances and future promise of fracture-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Maureen R Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, 4517 Wegmans Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Oral Biology, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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24
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Three-dimensional macroporous materials for tissue engineering of craniofacial bone. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:875-891. [PMID: 29056355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repair of critical-size defects caused by trauma, removal of a tumour, or congenital abnormalities is a challenge in the craniomaxillofacial region because of the limitations associated with treatment. We have reviewed research papers and updated information relevant to the various types of macroporous scaffolds. We have included papers on several biomaterials and their use in various craniofacial defects such as mandibular, calvarial, and others, as well as the latest technological developments such as 3-dimensional printed scaffolds. We selected all papers about scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors for review. Initial selection was by review of titles and abstracts, and the full texts of potentially suitable articles were then assessed. Methods of tissue engineering for repair of critical-size defects in the craniofacial bones seem to be viable options for surgical treatment in the future. Macroporous scaffolds with interconnected pores are of great value in regeneration of bone in the craniofacial region. In recent years, various natural or synthetic materials, or both, have been developed, on which macroporous scaffolds can be based. In this review we present a review on the various types of three-dimensional macroporous scaffolds that have been developed in recent years, and evaluate their potential for regeneration of craniofacial bone.
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Wang Y, Newman MR, Ackun-Farmmer M, Baranello MP, Sheu TJ, Puzas JE, Benoit DSW. Fracture-Targeted Delivery of β-Catenin Agonists via Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Augments Fracture Healing. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9445-9458. [PMID: 28881139 PMCID: PMC5736386 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of progress, bone-specific drug delivery is still a major challenge. Current bone-acting drugs require high-dose systemic administration which decreases therapeutic efficacy and increases off-target tissue effects. Here, a bone-targeted nanoparticle (NP) delivery system for a β-catenin agonist, 3-amino-6-(4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) inhibitor, was developed to enhance fracture healing. The GSK-3β inhibitor loading capacity was found to be 15 wt % within highly stable poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-b-poly(styrene) NPs, resulting in ∼50 nm particles with ∼ -30 mV surface charge. A peptide with high affinity for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a protein deposited by osteoclasts on bone resorptive surfaces, was introduced to the NP corona to achieve preferential delivery to fractured bone. Targeted NPs showed improved pharmacokinetic profiles with greater accumulation at fractured bone, accompanied by significant uptake in regenerative cell types (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts). MSCs treated with drug-loaded NPs in vitro exhibited 2-fold greater β-catenin signaling than free drug that was sustained for 5 days. To verify similar activity in vivo, TOPGAL reporter mice bearing fractures were treated with targeted GSK-3β inhibitor-loaded NPs. Robust β-galactosidase activity was observed in fracture callus and periosteum treated with targeted carriers versus controls, indicating potent β-catenin activation during the healing process. Enhanced bone formation and microarchitecture were observed in mice treated with GSK-3β inhibitor delivered via TRAP-binding peptide-targeted NPs. Specifically, increased bone bridging, ∼4-fold greater torsional rigidity, and greater volumes of newly deposited bone were observed 28 days after treatment, indicating expedited fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Maureen R. Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Marian Ackun-Farmmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Michael P. Baranello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - J. Edward Puzas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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Yang L, Tanabe K, Miura T, Yoshinari M, Takemoto S, Shintani S, Kasahara M. Influence of lyophilization factors and gelatin concentration on pore structures of atelocollagen/gelatin sponge biomaterial. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:429-437. [PMID: 28302946 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate influences of lyophilization factors and gelatin concentration on pore structures of ACG sponge. ACG sponges of different freezing temperatures (-30, -80 and -196oC), freezing times (1, 2 and 24 h), gelatin concentrations (0.6%AC+0.15%G, 0.6%AC+0.6%G and 0.6%AC+2.4%G), and with 500 μM fluvastatin were fabricated. Pore structures including porosity and pore size were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and ImageJ. The cytotoxic effects of ACG sponges were evaluated in vitro. Freezing temperature did not affect porosity while high freezing temperature (-30oC) increased pore size. The high gelatin concentration group (0.6%AC+2.4%G) had decreased porosity and pore size. Freezing time and 500 μM fluvastatin did not affect pore structures. The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays revealed that ACG sponges had no cytotoxic effects on human mesenchymal stromal cell growth and proliferation. These results indicate that ACG sponge may be a good biomaterial scaffold for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Koji Tanabe
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.,Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | | | - Shinji Takemoto
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College.,Department of Dental Materials Science, Tokyo Dental College
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Yang L, Li Y, Gou Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Tao L. Improving tumor chemotherapy effect using an injectable self-healing hydrogel as drug carrier. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A self-healing hydrogel has been used as the anti-tumor drug carrier to improve the chemotherapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100021
- P. R. China
| | - Yongsan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100021
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
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Kim J, Hwang J, Seo Y, Jo Y, Son J, Paik T, Choi J. Engineered self-expander hydrogel for sustained release of drug molecules. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Kheirallah M, Almeshaly H. Simvastatin, dosage and delivery system for supporting bone regeneration, an update review. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tozzi G, De Mori A, Oliveira A, Roldo M. Composite Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E267. [PMID: 28773392 PMCID: PMC5502931 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, bone related disorders have constantly increased. Among all pathological conditions, osteoporosis is one of the most common and often leads to bone fractures. This is a massive burden and it affects an estimated 3 million people only in the UK. Furthermore, as the population ages, numbers are due to increase. In this context, novel biomaterials for bone fracture regeneration are constantly under development. Typically, these materials aim at favoring optimal bone integration in the scaffold, up to complete bone regeneration; this approach to regenerative medicine is also known as tissue engineering (TE). Hydrogels are among the most promising biomaterials in TE applications: they are very flexible materials that allow a number of different properties to be targeted for different applications, through appropriate chemical modifications. The present review will focus on the strategies that have been developed for formulating hydrogels with ideal properties for bone regeneration applications. In particular, aspects related to the improvement of hydrogels' mechanical competence, controlled delivery of drugs and growth factors are treated in detail. It is hoped that this review can provide an exhaustive compendium of the main aspects in hydrogel related research and, therefore, stimulate future biomaterial development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tozzi
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
| | - Arianna De Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Antero Oliveira
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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31
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Moon HJ, Patel M, Chung H, Jeong B. Nanocomposite versus Mesocomposite for Osteogenic Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:353-63. [PMID: 26634888 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Injectable inorganic/organic composite systems consisting of well-defined mesocrystals (4-8 μm) of calcium phosphate and polypeptide thermogel significantly enhance the osteogenic differentiation of the tonsil derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs). Compared to composite systems incorporating nanoparticles (10-100 nm) or pure hydrogel systems, osteogenic biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2, and osteocalcin are highly expressed at both the mRNA level and the protein level in the mesocrystal composite systems. ALP activity of differentiated cells is also significantly higher in the mesocomposite systems compared to the nanocomposite systems or the pure hydrogel systems. The mesocomposite systems provide not only hard surfaces for binding the cells/proteins by the inorganic mesocrystals but also a soft matrix for holding the cells by the hydrogel. Through the current research, (1) a novel method of preparing mesocrystals is developed, (2) TMSCs are proved as a new resource of stem cells, and (3) the mesocomposite systems are proved to be a promising tool in controlling stem cell differentiation. (4) Finally, the research emphasizes the significance of mesoscience as a new perspective of science in controlling cell and material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience; Ewha Womans University; 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-guSeoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience; Ewha Womans University; 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-guSeoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Heejung Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience; Ewha Womans University; 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-guSeoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience; Ewha Womans University; 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-guSeoul 120-750 South Korea
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32
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Balmayor ER. Targeted delivery as key for the success of small osteoinductive molecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:13-27. [PMID: 25959428 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules such as growth factors, peptides and small molecules can guide cellular behavior and are thus important for tissue engineering. They are rapidly emerging as promising compounds for the regeneration of tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Growth factors have disadvantages such as high cost, short half-life, supraphysiological amounts needed, etc. Therefore, small molecules may be an alternative. These molecules have been discovered using high throughput screening. Small osteoinductive molecules exhibit several advantages over growth factors owing to their small sizes, such as high stability and non-immunogenicity. These molecules may stimulate directly signaling pathways that are important for osteogenesis. However, systemic application doesn't induce osteogenesis in most cases. Therefore, local administration is needed. This may be achieved by using a bone graft material providing additional osteoconductive properties. These graft materials can also act by themselves as a delivery matrix for targeted and local delivery. Furthermore, vascularization is necessary in the process of osteogenesis. Many of the small molecules are also capable of promoting vascularization of the tissue to be regenerated. Thus, in this review, special attention is given to molecules that are capable of inducing both angiogenesis and osteogenesis simultaneously. Finally, more recent preclinical and clinical uses in bone regeneration of those molecules are described, highlighting the needs for the clinical translation of these promising compounds.
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33
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Sun H, Yang HL. Calcium phosphate scaffolds combined with bone morphogenetic proteins or mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:1121-7. [PMID: 25881610 PMCID: PMC4832956 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.155121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the current status of calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds combined with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE). Date Sources: Data cited in this review were obtained primarily from PubMed and Medline in publications from 1979 to 2014, with highly regarded older publications also included. The terms BTE, CaP, BMPs, and MSC were used for the literature search. Study Selection: Reviews focused on relevant aspects and original articles reporting in vitro and/or in vivo results concerning the efficiency of CaP/BMPs or CaP/MSCs composites were retrieved, reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. Results: An ideal BTE product contains three elements: Scaffold, growth factors, and stem cells. CaP-based scaffolds are popular because of their outstanding biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. However, they lack stiffness and osteoinductivity. To solve this problem, composite scaffolds of CaP with BMPs have been developed. New bone formation by CaP/BMP composites can reach levels similar to those of autografts. CaP scaffolds are compatible with MSCs and CaP/MSC composites exhibit excellent osteogenesis and stiffness. In addition, a CaP/MSC/BMP scaffold can repair bone defects more effectively than an autograft. Conclusions: Novel BTE products possess remarkable osteoconduction and osteoinduction capacities, and exhibit balanced degradation with osteogenesis. Further work should yield safe, viable, and efficient materials for the repair of bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215006, China
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34
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Wang Y, Zhu G, Li N, Song J, Wang L, Shi X. Small molecules and their controlled release that induce the osteogenic/chondrogenic commitment of stem cells. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1626-40. [PMID: 26341834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering plays a significant role in skeletal system repair and regenerative therapies. However, stem cells must be differentiated into specific mature cells prior to implantation (direct implantation may lead to tumour formation). Natural or chemically synthesised small molecules provide an efficient, accurate, reversible, and cost-effective way to differentiate stem cells compared with bioactive growth factors and gene-related methods. Thus, investigating the influences of small molecules on the differentiation of stem cells is of great significance. Here, we review a series of small molecules that can induce or/and promote the osteogenic/chondrogenic commitment of stem cells. The controlled release of these small molecules from various vehicles for stem cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications is also discussed. The extensive studies in this field represent significant contributions to stem cell-based tissue engineering research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Guanglin Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Nanying Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Juqing Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Bae S, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Webb K. Cell-Mediated Dexamethasone Release from Semi-IPNs Stimulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2757-65. [PMID: 26259127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold-based delivery of bioactive molecules capable of directing stem cell differentiation is critical to the development of point-of-care cell therapy for orthopedic repair. Dexamethasone-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA-DXM) was synthesized and combined with hydrolytically degradable, photo-cross-linkable PEG-bis(2-acryloyloxy propanoate) (PEG-bis-AP) to form semi-IPNs. Dexamethasone (DX) release was limited in physiological buffer and substantially increased in the presence of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) or exogenous hyaluronidase, confirming that release occurred primarily by a cell-mediated enzymatic mechanism. hMSCs encapsulated in PEG-bis-AP/HA-DXM semi-IPNs increased osteoblast-specific gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization, attaining levels that were not significantly different from positive controls consisting of hMSCs in PEG-bis-AP/native HA cultured with DX supplementation in the culture medium. These studies demonstrate that PEG-bis-AP/HA-DXM semi-IPNs can provide cell-mediated release of bioactive free DX that induces hMSC osteogenic differentiation. This approach offers an efficient system for local delivery of osteogenic molecules empowering point of care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooneon Bae
- Microenvironmental Engineering Laboratory and ‡Drug Design, Development, and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Microenvironmental Engineering Laboratory and ‡Drug Design, Development, and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jeoung Soo Lee
- Microenvironmental Engineering Laboratory and ‡Drug Design, Development, and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ken Webb
- Microenvironmental Engineering Laboratory and ‡Drug Design, Development, and Delivery Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Samorezov JE, Alsberg E. Spatial regulation of controlled bioactive factor delivery for bone tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:45-67. [PMID: 25445719 PMCID: PMC4428953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of current treatment options for critical size bone defects create a significant clinical need for tissue engineered bone strategies. This review describes how control over the spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors, nucleic acids, and drugs and small molecules may aid in recapitulating signals present in bone development and healing, regenerating interfaces of bone with other connective tissues, and enhancing vascularization of tissue engineered bone. State-of-the-art technologies used to create spatially controlled patterns of bioactive factors on the surfaces of materials, to build up 3D materials with patterns of signal presentation within their bulk, and to pattern bioactive factor delivery after scaffold fabrication are presented, highlighting their applications in bone tissue engineering. As these techniques improve in areas such as spatial resolution and speed of patterning, they will continue to grow in value as model systems for understanding cell responses to spatially regulated bioactive factor signal presentation in vitro, and as strategies to investigate the capacity of the defined spatial arrangement of these signals to drive bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Samorezov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Emulating native periosteum cell population and subsequent paracrine factor production to promote tissue engineered periosteum-mediated allograft healing. Biomaterials 2015; 52:426-40. [PMID: 25818449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emulating autograft healing within the context of decellularized bone allografts has immediate clinical applications in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. The periosteum, a thin, osteogenic tissue that surrounds bone, houses a heterogenous population of stem cells and osteoprogenitors. There is evidence that periosteum-cell derived paracrine factors, specifically vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), orchestrate autograft healing through host cell recruitment and subsequent tissue elaboration. In previous work, we demonstrated that the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as a tissue engineered (T.E.) periosteum to localize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the surface of decellularized bone enhances allograft healing and integration. Herein, we utilize a mixed population of 50:50 MSCs and osteoprogenitor cells to better mimic native periosteum cell population and paracrine factor production to further promote allograft healing. This mixed cell population was localized to the surface of decellularized allografts within degradable hydrogels and shown to expedite allograft healing. Specifically, bone callus formation and biomechanical graft-host integration are increased as compared to unmodified allografts. These results demonstrate the dual importance of periosteum-mediated paracrine factors orchestrating host cell recruitment as well as new bone formation while developing clinically translatable strategies for allograft healing and integration.
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Papadimitriou K, Karkavelas G, Vouros I, Kessopoulou E, Konstantinidis A. Effects of local application of simvastatin on bone regeneration in femoral bone defects in rabbit. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:232-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shah SR, Werlang CA, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Novel applications of statins for bone regeneration. Natl Sci Rev 2014; 2:85-99. [PMID: 26543666 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of statins for bone regeneration is a promising and growing area of research. Statins, originally developed to treat high cholesterol, are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Because the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a wide variety of important biochemical molecules, including cholesterol and other isoprenoids, the effects of statins are pleiotropic. In particular, statins can greatly affect the process of bone turnover and regeneration via effects on important cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and osteoclasts. Statins have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that may be useful since infection can derail normal bone healing. This review will explore the pleiotropic effects of statins, discuss the current use of statins for bone regeneration, particularly with regard to biomaterials-based controlled delivery, and offer perspectives on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita R Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
| | - Caroline A Werlang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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40
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Montagnani A. Bone anabolics in osteoporosis: Actuality and perspectives. World J Orthop 2014; 5:247-54. [PMID: 25035827 PMCID: PMC4095017 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebral and nonvertebral fractures prevention is the main goal for osteoporosis therapy by inhibiting bone resorption and/or stimulating bone formation. Antiresorptive drugs decrease the activation frequency, thereby determining a secondary decrease in bone formation rate and a low bone turnover. Bisphosphonates are today's mainstay among antiresorptive treatment of osteoporosis. Also, oral selective estrogen receptor modulators and recently denosumab have a negative effect on bone turnover. Agents active on bone formation are considered a better perspective in the treatment of severe osteoporosis. Recombinant-human parathyroid hormone (PTH) has showed to increase bone formation and significantly decrease vertebral fractures in severe patients, but with a modest effect on nonvertebral fractures. The study of Wnt signaling pathway, that induces prevalently an osteoblastic activity, opens large possibilities to antagonists of Wnt-inhibitors, such as sclerostin antibodies and dickkopf-1 antagonists, with potential effects not only on trabecular bone but also on cortical bone.
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Huang CL, Lee WL, Loo JS. Drug-eluting scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:714-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tang M, Chen W, Liu J, Weir MD, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeding on calcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1295-305. [PMID: 24279868 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering provides an important approach for bone regeneration. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be injected to fill complex-shaped bone defects with excellent osteoconductivity. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are exciting for regenerative medicine due to their potential to proliferate and differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. To date, there has been no report on iPSC seeding with CPC scaffolds. The objectives of this study were to (1) obtain iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs); (2) seed iPSC-MSCs on CPC scaffold for the first time to investigate cell attachment and proliferation; and (3) investigate osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs on CPC and mineral synthesis by the cells. iPSCs were derived from adult marrow CD34+ cells that were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector pEB-C5. iPSCs were cultured to form embryoid bodies (EBs), and MSCs were migrated out of EBs. Flow cytometry indicated that iPSC-MSCs expressed typical surface antigen profile of MSCs. Mesenchymal differentiation of iPSC-MSCs demonstrated that the iPSC-MSCs had the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. iPSC-MSCs had good viability when attached on CPC scaffold. iPSC-MSCs differentiated into the osteogenic lineage and synthesized bone minerals. iPSC-MSCs on CPC in osteogenic medium yielded higher gene expressions of osteogenic markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, collagen type I, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 than those in control medium (p<0.05). iPSC-MSCs on CPC in osteogenic medium had 10-fold increase in ALP protein than that in control medium (p<0.05). Bone mineral synthesis by iPSC-MSCs adherent to CPC scaffold was increased with time, and mineralization in osteogenic medium was three to four fold that in control medium. In conclusion, iPSCs were derived from adult marrow CD34+ cells that were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector pEB-C5, and MSCs were generated from the EBs. iPSC-MSCs showed good viability and osteogenic differentiation on CPC scaffold for the first time; hence, the novel iPSC-MSC-CPC construct is promising to promote bone regeneration in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- 1 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School , Baltimore, Maryland
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TheinHan W, Liu J, Tang M, Chen W, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeding on biofunctionalized calcium phosphate cements. Bone Res 2013; 4:371-384. [PMID: 24839581 DOI: 10.4248/br201304008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential due to their proliferation and differentiation capability. The objectives of this study were to generate iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs), and investigate iPSC-MSC proliferati on and osteogenic differentiation on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) containing biofunctional agents for the first time. Human iPSCs were derived from marrow CD34+ cells which were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector. iPSCs were cultured to form embryoid bodies (EBs), and MSCs migrated out of EBs. Five biofunctional agents were incorporated into CPC: RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides, fibronectin (Fn), fibronectin-like engineered polymer protein (FEPP), extracellular matrix Geltrex, and platelet concentrate. iPSC-MSCs were seeded on five biofunctionalized CPCs: CPC-RGD, CPC-Fn, CPC-FEPP, CPC-Geltrex, and CPC-Platelets. iPSC-MSCs on biofunctional CPCs had enhanced proliferation, actin fiber expression, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, compared to control. Cell proliferation was greatly increased on biofunctional CPCs. iPSC-MSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation with increased alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and collagen-I expressions. Mineral synthesis by iPSC-MSCs on CPC-Platelets was 3-fold that of CPC control. In conclusion, iPSCs showed high potential for bone engineering. iPSC-MSCs on biofunctionalized CPCs had cell proliferation and bone mineralization that were much better than traditional CPC. iPSC-MSC-CPC constructs are promising to promote bone regeneration in craniofacial/orthopedic repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- WahWah TheinHan
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghui Tang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Stem Cell Program in Institute for Cell Engineering and Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
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Functionalization of biomaterials with small osteoinductive moieties. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8773-89. [PMID: 23933486 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently recognized as a powerful cell source for regenerative medicine, notably for their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. The combination of MSCs with biomaterials functionalized with instructive cues can be used as a strategy to direct specific lineage commitment, and can thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of these cells. In terms of biomaterial design, one common approach is the functionalization of materials with ligands capable of directly binding to cell receptors and trigger specific differentiation signaling pathways. Other strategies focus on the use of moieties that have an indirect effect, acting, for example, as sequesters of bioactive ligands present in the extracellular milieu that, in turn, will interact with cells. Compared with complex biomolecules, the use of simple compounds, such as chemical moieties and peptides, and other small molecules can be advantageous by leading to less expensive and easily tunable biomaterial formulations. This review describes different strategies that have been used to promote substrate-mediated guidance of osteogenic differentiation of immature osteoblasts, osteoprogenitors and MSCs, through chemically conjugated small moieties, both in two- and three-dimensional set-ups. In each case, the selected moiety, the coupling strategy and the main findings of the study were highlighted. The latest advances and future perspectives in the field are also discussed.
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Bölgen N, Aguilar MR, Fernández MDM, Gonzalo-Flores S, Villar-Rodil S, San Román J, Pişkin E. Thermoresponsive biodegradable HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogels for controlled release of simvastatin. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 43:40-9. [PMID: 24047541 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.837475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract NIPA and HEMA-lactate-Dextran-based biodegradable and thermoresponsive cryogels were synthesized at different compositions by cryogelation. Chemical and morphological properties of the HEMA-lactate-Dextran-co-NIPA cryogel matrices were demonstrated by FTIR, SEM, and ESEM. Thermoresponsivity of the prepared cryogels was investigated by DSC, imaging NMR, and swelling studies. For possible use of the cryogels in potential bone tissue engineering applications, either hydrophobic simvastatin was embedded, or hydrophilic simvastatin was incorporated in the cryogels. Release profiles of simvastatin delivering cryogel scaffolds depending on their composition, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of loaded simvastatin and the medium temperature were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Bölgen
- Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department, Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
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The effect of mesenchymal stem cells delivered via hydrogel-based tissue engineered periosteum on bone allograft healing. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8887-98. [PMID: 23958029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allografts remain the clinical "gold standard" for treatment of critical sized bone defects despite minimal engraftment and ∼60% long-term failure rates. Therefore, the development of strategies to improve allograft healing and integration are necessary. The periosteum and its associated stem cell population, which are lacking in allografts, coordinate autograft healing. Herein we utilized hydrolytically degradable hydrogels to transplant and localize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to allograft surfaces, creating a periosteum mimetic, termed a 'tissue engineered periosteum'. Our results demonstrated that this tissue engineering approach resulted in increased graft vascularization (∼2.4-fold), endochondral bone formation (∼2.8-fold), and biomechanical strength (1.8-fold), as compared to untreated allografts, over 16 weeks of healing. Despite this enhancement in healing, the process of endochondral ossification was delayed compared to autografts, requiring further modifications for this approach to be clinically acceptable. However, this bottom-up biomaterials approach, the engineered periosteum, can be augmented with alternative cell types, matrix cues, growth factors, and/or other small molecule drugs to expedite the process of ossification.
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Wang H, Sridhar B, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. Characterization of cell subpopulations expressing progenitor cell markers in porcine cardiac valves. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69667. [PMID: 23936071 PMCID: PMC3720586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are the main population of cells found in cardiac valves. These resident fibroblastic cells play important roles in maintaining proper valve function, and their dysregulation has been linked to disease progression in humans. Despite the critical functions of VICs, their cellular composition is still not well defined for humans and other mammals. Given the limited availability of healthy human valves and the similarity in valve structure and function between humans and pigs, we characterized porcine VICs (pVICs) based on expression of cell surface proteins and sorted a specific subpopulation of pVICs to study its functions. We found that small percentages of pVICs express the progenitor cell markers ABCG2 (~5%), NG2 (~5%) or SSEA-4 (~7%), whereas another subpopulation (~5%) expresses OB–CDH, a type of cadherin expressed by myofibroblasts or osteo-progenitors. pVICs isolated from either aortic or pulmonary valves express most of these protein markers at similar levels. Interestingly, OB–CDH, NG2 and SSEA-4 all label distinct valvular subpopulations relative to each other; however, NG2 and ABCG2 are co-expressed in the same cells. ABCG2+ cells were further characterized and found to deposit more calcified matrix than ABCG2- cells upon osteogenic induction, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of osteogenic VICs during valve pathology. Cell profiling based on flow cytometry and functional studies with sorted primary cells provide not only new and quantitative information about the cellular composition of porcine cardiac valves, but also contribute to our understanding of how a subpopulation of valvular cells (ABCG2+ cells) may participate in tissue repair and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Balaji Sridhar
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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Pandit V, Zuidema JM, Venuto KN, Macione J, Dai G, Gilbert RJ, Kotha SP. Evaluation of multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels with varying stiffness for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2452-63. [PMID: 23724786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of hydrogels for bone regeneration has been limited due to their inherent low modulus to support cell adhesion and proliferation as well as their susceptibility to bacterial infections at the wound site. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels of varying stiffness to obtain the optimum stiffness at which the gels (1) induce proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and murine preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), (2) induce osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, and (3) exhibit an antibacterial activity. Rheological studies demonstrated that the stiffness of hydrogels made of a polysaccharide blend of methylcellulose, chitosan, and agarose was increased by crosslinking the chitosan component to different extents with increasing amounts of genipin. The gelation time decreased (from 210 to 60 min) with increasing genipin concentrations. Proliferation of HUVECs decreased by 10.7 times with increasing gel stiffness, in contrast to fibroblasts and osteoblasts, where it increased with gel stiffness by 6.37 and 7.8 times, respectively. At day 14 up to day 24, osteoblast expression of differentiation markers-osteocalcin, osteopontin-and early mineralization marker-alkaline phosphatase, were significantly enhanced in the 0.5% (w/v) crosslinked gel, which also demonstrated enhanced mineralization by day 25. The antibacterial efficacy of the hydrogels decreased with the increasing degree of crosslinking as demonstrated by biofilm formation experiments, but gels crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) genipin still demonstrated significant bacterial inhibition. Based on these results, gels crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) genipin, where 33% of available groups on chitosan were crosslinked, exhibited a stiffness of 502±64.5 Pa and demonstrated the optimal characteristics to support bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Pandit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
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Guo H, Li Q, Chou DW, Uitto J. Atorvastatin counteracts aberrant soft tissue mineralization in a mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Abcc6⁻/⁻). J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1177-84. [PMID: 23807484 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a multisystem heritable disorder with aberrant mineralization of arterial blood vessels, is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene. Previous studies have suggested that carriers of the ABCC6 mutations, particularly of p.R1141X, are at increased risk for coronary artery disease. In this study, we used Abcc6 (tm1Jfk) knock-out mice to determine the serum lipid profiles and examine the effects of atorvastatin on the aberrant mineralization in this model of PXE. First, serum lipid profiles at 12 weeks of age, after overnight fasting, revealed a statistically significant increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Abcc6 (tm1Jfk) mice compared to their wild-type littermates. Placing these mice at 4 weeks of age for 20 weeks on atorvastatin, either 0.01 % or 0.04 % of the diet (low statin and high statin groups, respectively), reduced the total triglyceride and cholesterol levels, which was accompanied with significantly reduced mineralization of the dermal sheath of vibrissae, a biomarker of the aberrant mineralization process in these mice. However, if the mice were placed on atorvastatin for 12 weeks at 12 weeks of age, at which time point significant mineralization had already taken place, no difference in the amount of mineralization was noted. These observations suggest that statins, particularly atorvastatin, can prevent, but not reverse, aberrant mineralization in this mouse model of PXE. For a clinical perspective, a survey of 1,747 patients with PXE was conducted regarding their present or past use of statins. The results indicated that about one third of all PXE patients are currently or have previously been on cholesterol-lowering drugs. Thus, a sizable number of patients with PXE could be subject to modulation of their mineralization processes by concomitant statin treatment. KEY MESSAGE The Abcc6 (-/-) mice serve as a model system for PXE, an ectopic mineralization disorder Abcc6 (-/-) mice were shown to have elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels Feeding of the Abcc6 (-/-) mice with atorvastatin prevented connective tissue mineralization A third of patients with PXE was found to be on cholesterol-lowering therapy Atorvastatin may potentially be beneficial for patients with PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Guo
- Departments of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 450 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Deshayes
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Andrea M. Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
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