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Lomba L, García CB, Benito L, Sangüesa E, Santander S, Zuriaga E. Advances in Cryopreservatives: Exploring Safer Alternatives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:178-190. [PMID: 38141007 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs is widely used in the biomedical and research world. There are different cryopreservatives that are used for this process; however, many of them, such as DMSO, are used despite the problems they present, mainly due to the toxicity it presents to certain types of samples. The aim of this Review is to highlight the different types of substances used in the cryopreservation process. It has been shown that some of these substances are well-known, as in the case of the families of alcohols, sugars, sulfoxides, etc. However, in recent years, other compounds have appeared, such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, or certain polymers, which open the door to new cryopreservation methods and are also less toxic to frozen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lomba
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge. Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina B García
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge. Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Benito
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge. Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Sangüesa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge. Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Santander
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Campus of Huesca, 22002 Huesca, Spain
| | - Estefanía Zuriaga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge. Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
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Martinez-Garcia FD, Fischer T, Hayn A, Mierke CT, Burgess JK, Harmsen MC. A Beginner’s Guide to the Characterization of Hydrogel Microarchitecture for Cellular Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090535. [PMID: 36135247 PMCID: PMC9498492 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional, acellular scaffold of living tissues. Incorporating the ECM into cell culture models is a goal of cell biology studies and requires biocompatible materials that can mimic the ECM. Among such materials are hydrogels: polymeric networks that derive most of their mass from water. With the tuning of their properties, these polymer networks can resemble living tissues. The microarchitectural properties of hydrogels, such as porosity, pore size, fiber length, and surface topology can determine cell plasticity. The adequate characterization of these parameters requires reliable and reproducible methods. However, most methods were historically standardized using other biological specimens, such as 2D cell cultures, biopsies, or even animal models. Therefore, their translation comes with technical limitations when applied to hydrogel-based cell culture systems. In our current work, we have reviewed the most common techniques employed in the characterization of hydrogel microarchitectures. Our review provides a concise description of the underlying principles of each method and summarizes the collective data obtained from cell-free and cell-loaded hydrogels. The advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed, and comparisons are made. The information presented in our current work will be of interest to researchers who employ hydrogels as platforms for cell culture, 3D bioprinting, and other fields within hydrogel-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Fischer
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hayn
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology, Infectiology Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.T.M.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Janette Kay Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.T.M.); (M.C.H.)
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Abstract
Cryopreservation of cells and biologics underpins all biomedical research from routine sample storage to emerging cell-based therapies, as well as ensuring cell banks provide authenticated, stable and consistent cell products. This field began with the discovery and wide adoption of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectants over 60 years ago, but these tools do not work for all cells and are not ideal for all workflows. In this Review, we highlight and critically review the approaches to discover, and apply, new chemical tools for cryopreservation. We summarize the key (and complex) damage pathways during cellular cryopreservation and how each can be addressed. Bio-inspired approaches, such as those based on extremophiles, are also discussed. We describe both small-molecule-based and macromolecular-based strategies, including ice binders, ice nucleators, ice nucleation inhibitors and emerging materials whose exact mechanism has yet to be understood. Finally, looking towards the future of the field, the application of bottom-up molecular modelling, library-based discovery approaches and materials science tools, which are set to transform cryopreservation strategies, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Development of a Vitrification Preservation Process for Bioengineered Epithelial Constructs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071115. [PMID: 35406679 PMCID: PMC8998050 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for human bioengineered tissue constructs is growing in response to the worldwide movement away from the use of animals for testing of new chemicals, drug screening and household products. Presently, constructs are manufactured and delivered just in time, resulting in delays and high costs of manufacturing. Cryopreservation and banking would speed up delivery times and permit cost reduction due to larger scale manufacturing. Our objective in these studies was development of ice-free vitrification formulations and protocols using human bioengineered epithelial constructs that could be scaled up from individual constructs to 24-well plates. Initial experiments using single EpiDerm constructs in vials demonstrated viability >80% of untreated control, significantly higher than our best freezing strategy. Further studies focused on optimization and evaluation of ice-free vitrification strategies. Vitrification experiments with 55% (VS55) and 70% (VS70) cryoprotectant (CPA) formulations produced constructs with good viability shortly after rewarming, but viability decreased in the next days, post-rewarming in vitro. Protocol changes contributed to improved outcomes over time in vitro. We then transitioned from using glass vials with 1 construct to deep-well plates holding up to 24 individual constructs. Construct viability was maintained at >80% post-warming viability and >70% viability on days 1−3 in vitro. Similar viability was demonstrated for other related tissue constructs. Furthermore, we demonstrated maintenance of viability after 2−7 months of storage below −135 °C.
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Leppik L, Gempp A, Kuçi Z, Kuçi S, Bader P, Bönig H, Marzi I, Henrich D. A New Perspective for Bone Tissue Engineering: Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Well-Survive Cryopreservation on β-TCP Scaffold and Show Increased Ability for Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031425. [PMID: 35163348 PMCID: PMC8835857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical breakthrough of bone tissue engineering (BTE) depends on the ability to provide patients routinely with BTE products of consistent pharmacological quality. The bottleneck of this approach is the availability of stem cells. To avoid this, we suggest immobilization of random-donor-derived heterologous osteoinductive MSCs onto osteoconductive matrices. Such BTE products could then be frozen and, after thawing, could be released as ready-to-use products for permanent implantation during surgery. For this purpose, we developed a simple protocol for cryopreservation of BTE constructs and evaluated the effects of this procedure on human MSC (hMSCs) metabolic and osteogenic activity in vitro. Our findings show that hMSCs can be freeze-thawed on a β-TCP scaffold through a technically simple procedure. Treated cells sustained their metabolic activity and showed favorable osteogenic potential. Mechanistically, HIF1α and YBX1 genes were activated after freeze-thawing, and supposed to be linked to enhanced osteogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms as to how the cryopreservation procedure beneficially affects the osteogenic potential of hMSCs remains to be evaluated. Additionally, we demonstrated that our BTE products could be stored for 3 days on dry ice; this could facilitate the supply chain management of cryopreserved BTE constructs from the site of manufacture to the operating room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (I.M.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Gempp
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (I.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Zyrafete Kuçi
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Z.K.); (S.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Selim Kuçi
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Z.K.); (S.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Bader
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Z.K.); (S.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Halvard Bönig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (I.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (I.M.); (D.H.)
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Ota A, Hyon SH, Sumi S, Matsumura K. Gene expression analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cells cryopreserved by vitrification using StemCell Keep. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101172. [PMID: 34825070 PMCID: PMC8605251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, regenerative medicine research using human somatic and induced pluripotent stem cells has advanced considerably, promoting clinical applications. However, it is essential that these cells are cryopreserved safely and effectively. Most cryopreservation solution agents contain dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which exhibits strong toxicity and can potentially promote cell differentiation. Hence, it is important to explore substitutes for DMSO in cryoprotectant solutions. One such alternative is StemCell Keep (SCK), a DMSO-free solution that has been reported to effectively cryopreserve human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells). To clarify the effect of cryopreservation agents on cells, DNA microarray analysis is useful, as it can identify a large number of gene expression differences in cryopreserved cells, as well as functional increases in gene groups. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis of SCK-cryopreserved hiPS cells using a DNA microarray gene chip. The hiPS cells vitrified with SCK or DMSO-based vitrification solutions were thawed and cultured on Matrigel under feeder-free conditions, and RNA was extracted for DNA microarray analysis. Genes obtained from DNA microarray data were classified by the keywords of Gene Ontology Biological Process Term, and their relationships were analyzed using DAVID or the GeneMANIA database. SCK-cryopreserved hiPS cells expressed several anti-apoptotic genes, as well as genes related to cell adhesion or proliferation at levels that were nearly equivalent to those of non-frozen hiPS cells. Gene enrichment analysis with selected genes of SCK-cryopreserved hiPS cells whose expression differences were superior to those of DAP-cryopreserved showed strong interactions of negative regulation of apoptotic process, cell adhesion and positive regulation of cell proliferation in DAVID analysis. We demonstrated that SCK successfully maintained the key functions of hiPS cells, including anti-apoptosis, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation, during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shoichiro Sumi
- Department of Organ Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan
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Ma Y, Gao L, Tian Y, Chen P, Yang J, Zhang L. Advanced biomaterials in cell preservation: Hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:97-116. [PMID: 34242810 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based medicine has made great advances in clinical diagnosis and therapy for various refractory diseases, inducing a growing demand for cell preservation as support technology. However, the bottleneck problems in cell preservation include low efficiency and poor biocompatibility of traditional protectants. In this review, cell preservation technologies are categorized according to storage conditions: hypothermic preservation at 1 °C~35 °C to maintain short-term cell viability that is useful in cell diagnosis and transport, while cryopreservation at -196 °C~-80 °C to maintain long-term cell viability that provides opportunities for therapeutic cell product storage. Firstly, the background and developmental history of the protectants used in the two preservation technologies are briefly introduced. Secondly, the progress in different cellular protection mechanisms for advanced biomaterials are discussed in two preservation technologies. In hypothermic preservation, the hypothermia-induced and extracellular matrix-loss injuries to cells are comprehensively summarized, as well as the recent biomaterials dependent on regulation of cellular ATP level, stabilization of cellular membrane, balance of antioxidant defense system, and supply of mimetic ECM to prolong cell longevity are provided. In cryopreservation, cellular injuries and advanced biomaterials that can protect cells from osmotic or ice injury, and alleviate oxidative stress to allow cell survival are concluded. Last, an insight into the perspectives and challenges of this technology is provided. We envision advanced biocompatible materials for highly efficient cell preservation as critical in future developments and trends to support cell-based medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell preservation technologies present a critical role in cell-based applications, and more efficient biocompatible protectants are highly required. This review categorizes cell preservation technologies into hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation according to their storage conditions, and comprehensively reviews the recently advanced biomaterials related. The background, development, and cellular protective mechanisms of these two preservation technologies are respectively introduced and summarized. Moreover, the differences, connections, individual demands of these two technologies are also provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yunqing Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Pengguang Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Xia Y, Huang LX, Chen H, Li J, Chen KK, Hu H, Wang FB, Ding Z, Guo SS. Acoustic Droplet Vitrification Method for High-Efficiency Preservation of Rare Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12950-12959. [PMID: 33703892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a key step for current translational medicine including reproductive medicine, regenerative medicine, and cell therapy. However, it is challenging to preserve rare cells for practical applications due to the difficulty in handling low numbers of cells as well as the lack of highly efficient and biocompatible preservation protocols. Here, we developed an acoustic droplet vitrification method for high-efficiency handling and preservation of rare cells. By employing an acoustic droplet ejection device, we can encapsulate rare cells into water-in-air droplets with a volume from ∼pL to ∼nL and deposit these cell-containing droplets into a droplet array onto a substrate. By incorporating a cooling system into the droplet array substrate, we can vitrify hundreds to thousands of rare cells at an ultrafast speed (about ∼2 s) based on the high surface to volume ratio of the droplets. By optimizing this method with three different cell lines (a human lung cancer cell line, A549 cells, a human liver cell line, L02 cells, and a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, 3T3-L1 cells), we developed an effective protocol with excellent cell viability (e.g., >85% for days, >70% for months), proliferation, and adhesion. As a proof-of-concept application, we demonstrated that our method can rapidly handle and efficiently preserve rare cells, highlighting its broad applications in species diversity, basic research, and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano-Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lan-Xiang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano-Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano-Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ke-Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano-Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi-Shang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano-Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Improved recovery of cryopreserved cell monolayers with a hyaluronic acid surface treatment. Biointerphases 2020; 15:061015. [PMID: 33356337 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is an essential part of tissue banking and effective cryopreservation methods are critical for the development of cost-effective cell therapy products. Cell sheets are an attractive subset of cell therapy types, and cryopreservation has the potential to further drive down costs of allogeneic cell sheet therapy. This is currently a challenge as adhered cell monolayers are more susceptible to membrane damage during the freezing process. In this article, we investigate the performance of a surface-modified dressing for the cryopreservation of cells and strategies to improve cell recovery. Cryopreservation of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC®) was performed on cells following their attachment to a surface for different periods of time. MAPC cells, given just 1 h to attach, washed off and were not recovered on the surface following thawing. Cells attached for longer periods, elongated further, and were more susceptible to damage from cryopreservation. A temporal window was identified that could allow cryopreservation on adherent surfaces where cells had attached to a surface without full elongation. By functionalizing the surface with coupled hyaluronic acid, cell spreading was initially retarded, thereby widening this temporal window. This approach demonstrates a novel method for enhancing the recovery of cryopreserved cell sheets on surfaces.
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Liu W, Huang Z, He X, Jiang P, Huo X, Lu Z, Liu B. Impacts of trehalose and l-proline on the thermodynamic nonequilibrium phase change and thermal properties of normal saline. Cryobiology 2020; 96:92-98. [PMID: 32745484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the phase change behavior and thermal properties of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) in biological solutions is essential for enhancing the success of cryopreservation and biobanking. In this study, the phase change behavior and thermal properties of normal saline added with trehalose or l-proline were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and cryomicroscope during freezing and warming. The addition of trehalose or l-proline can eliminate the eutectic formation in normal saline. Trehalose had significantly lower latent heat release than l-proline does at a high concentration of 1 M (P < 0.05), while unfrozen water content of trehalose is significantly lower than that of l-proline at all the concentrations (P < 0.05). It was also found that addition of 0.2 M, 0.3 M and 1 M trehalose can achieve partial vitrification in normal saline and that the glass transition temperature rises along with the increase in concentrations of trehalose. However, no vitrification was observed in normal saline with l-proline at any concentrations. Besides, rates of ice crystal growth in normal saline added with trehalose are slower than those in normal saline with l-proline at the same concentrations. These results suggest that both trehalose and l-proline can act as CPAs by avoiding eutectic formation and inhibiting ice formation in normal saline for cell cryopreservation. It could be useful for CPA selection and designing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Origincell Technology Group Co, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaoyue Huo
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zekang Lu
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Matsumura K, Hatakeyama S, Naka T, Ueda H, Rajan R, Tanaka D, Hyon SH. Molecular Design of Polyampholytes for Vitrification-Induced Preservation of Three-Dimensional Cell Constructs without Using Liquid Nitrogen. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3017-3025. [PMID: 32659086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current slow-freezing methods are too inefficient for cryopreservation of three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. Additionally, conventional vitrification methods use liquid nitrogen, which is inconvenient and increases the chance of cross-contamination. Herein, we have developed polyampholytes with various degrees of hydrophobicity and showed that they could successfully vitrify cell constructs including spheroids and cell monolayers without using liquid nitrogen. The polyampholytes prevented ice crystallization during both cooling and warming, demonstrating their potential to prevent freezing-induced damage. Monolayers and spheroids vitrified in the presence of polyampholytes yielded high viabilities post-thawing with monolayers vitrified with PLL-DMGA exhibiting more than 90% viability. Moreover, spheroids vitrified in the presence of polyampholytes retained their fusibilities, thus revealing the propensity of these polyampholytes to stabilize 3D cell constructs. This study is expected to open new avenues for the development of off-the-shelf tissue engineering constructs that can be prepared and preserved until needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Sho Hatakeyama
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Naka
- Shibuya Corporation, Ko-58 Mameda-Honmachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Shibuya Corporation, Ko-58 Mameda-Honmachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8681, Japan
| | - Robin Rajan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 212, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Suong-Hyu Hyon
- The Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
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Feng H, Xu Y, Luo S, Dang H, Liu K, Sun WQ. Evaluation and preservation of vascular architectures in decellularized whole rat kidneys. Cryobiology 2020; 95:72-79. [PMID: 32526236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage organ failure. Due to the severe shortage of transplantable organs, only a tiny fraction of patients may receive timely organ transplantation every year. Decellularization-recellularization technology using allogeneic and xenogeneic organs is currently conceived to be a promising solution to generate functionally transplantable organs in vitro. This approach, however, still faces tremendous technological challenges, one of them being the ability to evaluate and preserve the integrity of vascular architectures upon decellularization and cryostorage of the whole organ matrices so that the off-the-shelf organ grafts are available on demand for clinical applications. In the present study, we report a Micro-CT imaging method for evaluating the integrity of vasculature of the decellularized whole organ scaffolds with/without freezing/thawing. The method uses radiopaque Microfil perfusion and x-ray fluoroscopy to acquire high-resolution angiography of the organ matrix. The whole rat kidney is decellularized using a new multistep perfusion protocol with the combined use of Triton X-100 and DNase. The decellularized kidney matrix is then cryopreserved after the pretreatment with different cryoprotectant solutions. The reconstructed tomographic images from Micro-CT confirm various structural alterations in the vasculature of the whole decellularized kidney matrix with/without frozen storage. The freezing damage to the vascular architectures can be reduced by perfusing cryoprotectant solutions into the whole kidney matrix. Ice-free cryopreservation with the vitrification solution VS83 can successfully preserve the integrity of the whole kidney matrix's vasculature after frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikao Feng
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Sichang Luo
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hangyu Dang
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wendell Q Sun
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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13
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Qin B, Zhang Q, Hu XM, Mi TY, Yu HY, Liu SS, Zhang B, Tang M, Huang JF, Xiong K. How does temperature play a role in the storage of extracellular vesicles? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7663-7680. [PMID: 32324279 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that can be passed to other cells as signal molecules to alter their function. However, there are many problems and challenges in the conversion and clinical application of EVs. Storage and protection of EVs is one of the issues that need further research. To adapt to potential clinical applications, this type of problem must be solved. This review summarizes the storage practices of EVs in recent years, and explains the impact of temperature on the quality and stability of EVs during storage based on current research, and explains the potential mechanisms involved in this effect as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tuo-Yang Mi
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shen-Shen Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mu Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Effects of Cryopreservation on Cell Metabolic Activity and Function of Biofabricated Structures Laden with Osteoblasts. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081966. [PMID: 32331435 PMCID: PMC7215951 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication and maturation of bone constructs is a long-term task that requires a high degree of specialization. This specialization falls onto the hierarchy complexity of the bone tissue that limits the transfer of this technology to the clinic. This work studied the effects of the short-term cryopreservation on biofabricated osteoblast-containing structures, with the final aim to make them steadily available in biobanks. The biological responses studied include the osteoblast post-thawing metabolic activity and the recovery of the osteoblastic function of 3D-bioprinted osteoblastic structures and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds infiltrated with osteoblasts encapsulated in a hydrogel. The obtained structures were cryopreserved at −80 °C for 7 days using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant additive. After thawing the structures were cultured up to 14 days. The results revealed fundamental biological aspects for the successful cryopreservation of osteoblast constructs. In summary, immature osteoblasts take longer to recover than mature osteoblasts. The pre-cryopreservation culture period had an important effect on the metabolic activity and function maintain, faster recovering normal values when cryopreserved after longer-term culture (7 days). The use of β-TCP scaffolds further improved the osteoblast survival after cryopreservation, resulting in similar levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in comparison with the non-preserved structures. These results contribute to the understanding of the biology of cryopreserved osteoblast constructs, approaching biofabrication to the clinical practice.
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15
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Miyoshi H, Iwamoto A, Koyama T. Growth and albumin secretion of mouse fetal liver cells cryopreserved within porous polymer scaffolds as a viable cell source for bioartificial livers. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:212-216. [PMID: 32312490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To clinically apply bioartificial livers (BALs), an effective liver cell cryopreservation method is required for a stable cell supply. In this study, we performed tissue-engineered construct (TEC) cryopreservation of fetal liver cells (FLCs) in which FLCs cultured within a porous polymer scaffold were cryopreserved. Growth and albumin secretion in TEC-cryopreserved FLCs after thawing were compared to freshly isolated FLCs (control experiments). The effect of preculture duration prior to cryopreservation (0-3 weeks) on these functions was also examined. In the three-dimensional cultures, the TEC-cryopreserved FLCs with preculturing showed constant growth, and this growth was comparable to controls. On the contrary, the TEC-cryopreserved FLCs without preculturing did not proliferate after thawing. Albumin secretion of TEC-cryopreserved FLCs with preculturing rapidly increased up to day 12 and high secretory activity comparable to controls was maintained thereafter in FLCs with 1- or 2-week preculturing, suggesting this as an appropriate preculture duration. Compared to conventionally cryopreserved FLCs, growth and albumin secretion in the TEC-cryopreserved FLCs were significantly higher, indicating their usefulness as a potent cell source for BALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Ayako Iwamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshie Koyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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16
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Shardt N, Chen Z, Yuan SC, Wu K, Laouar L, Jomha NM, Elliott JAW. Using engineering models to shorten cryoprotectant loading time for the vitrification of articular cartilage. Cryobiology 2020; 92:180-188. [PMID: 31952947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral allograft transplantation can treat full thickness cartilage and bone lesions in the knee and other joints, but the lack of widespread articular cartilage banking limits the quantity of cartilage available for size and contour matching. To address the limited availability of cartilage, vitrification can be used to store harvested joint tissues indefinitely. Our group's reported vitrification protocol [Biomaterials 33 (2012) 6061-6068] takes 9.5 h to load cryoprotectants into intact articular cartilage on bone and achieves high cell viability, but further optimization is needed to shorten this protocol for clinical use. Herein, we use engineering models to calculate the spatial and temporal distributions of cryoprotectant concentration, solution vitrifiability, and freezing point for each step of the 9.5-h protocol. We then incorporate the following major design choices for developing a new shorter protocol: (i) all cryoprotectant loading solution concentrations are reduced, (ii) glycerol is removed as a cryoprotectant, and (iii) an equilibration step is introduced to flatten the final cryoprotectant concentration profiles. We also use a new criterion-the spatially and temporally resolved prediction of solution vitrifiability-to assess whether a protocol will be successful instead of requiring that each cryoprotectant individually reaches a certain concentration. A total cryoprotectant loading time of 7 h is targeted, and our new 7-h protocol is predicted to achieve a level of vitrifiability comparable to the proven 9.5-h protocol throughout the cartilage thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shardt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Shuying Claire Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kezhou Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leila Laouar
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Canada.
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17
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Burlage LC, Tessier SN, Etra JW, Uygun K, Brandacher G. Advances in machine perfusion, organ preservation, and cryobiology: potential impact on vascularized composite allotransplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 23:561-567. [PMID: 30080697 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss novel strategies that allow for extended preservation of vascularized composite allografts and their potential future clinical implications for the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). RECENT FINDINGS The current gold standard in tissue preservation - static cold preservation on ice - is insufficient to preserve VCA grafts for more than a few hours. Advancements in the field of VCA regarding matching and allocation, desensitization, and potential tolerance induction are all within reasonable reach to achieve; these are, however, constrained by limited preservation time of VCA grafts. Although machine perfusion holds many advantages over static cold preservation, it currently does not elongate the preservation time. More extreme preservation techniques, such as cryopreservation approaches, are, however, specifically difficult to apply to composite tissues as the susceptibility to ischemia and cryoprotectant agents varies greatly by tissue type. SUMMARY In the current scope of extended preservation protocols, high subzero approaches of VCA grafts will be particularly critical enabling technologies for the implementation of tolerance protocols clinically. Ultimately, advances in both preservation techniques and tolerance induction have the potential to transform the field of VCA and eventually lead to broad applications in reconstructive transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Burlage
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Section Hepato-Pancreato-Bilibary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanna W Etra
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Kaindl J, Meiser I, Majer J, Sommer A, Krach F, Katsen-Globa A, Winkler J, Zimmermann H, Neubauer JC, Winner B. Zooming in on Cryopreservation of hiPSCs and Neural Derivatives: A Dual-Center Study Using Adherent Vitrification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:247-259. [PMID: 30456912 PMCID: PMC6392398 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an important tool for research and regenerative medicine, but their efficient cryopreservation remains a major challenge. The current gold standard is slow‐rate freezing of dissociated colonies in suspension, but low recovery rates limit immediate post‐thawing applicability. We tested whether ultrafast cooling by adherent vitrification improves post‐thawing survival in a selection of hiPSCs and small molecule neural precursor cells (smNPCs) from Parkinson's disease and controls. In a dual‐center study, we compared the results by immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis, and RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq). Adherent vitrification was achieved in the so‐called TWIST substrate, a device combining cultivation, vitrification, storage, and post‐thawing cultivation. Adherent vitrification resulted in preserved confluency and significantly higher cell numbers, and viability at day 1 after thawing, while results were not significantly different at day 4 after thawing. RNA‐seq and ICC of hiPSCs revealed no change in gene expression and pluripotency markers, indicating that physical damage of slow‐rate freezing disrupts cellular membranes. Scanning electron microscopy showed preserved colony integrity by adherent vitrification. Experiments using smNPCs demonstrated that adherent vitrification is also applicable to neural derivatives of hiPSCs. Our data suggest that, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art slow‐rate freezing in suspension, adherent vitrification is an improved cryopreservation technique for hiPSCs and derivatives. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:247&259
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kaindl
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia Majer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Annika Sommer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Alisa Katsen-Globa
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany.,Chair for Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Centre for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Tessier SN, Weng L, Moyo WD, Au SH, Wong KHK, Angpraseuth C, Stoddard AE, Lu C, Nieman LT, Sandlin RD, Uygun K, Stott SL, Toner M. Effect of Ice Nucleation and Cryoprotectants during High Subzero-Preservation in Endothelialized Microchannels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3006-3015. [PMID: 31544149 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is of significance in areas including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and organ transplantation. We investigated endothelial cell attachment and membrane integrity in a microvasculature model at high subzero temperatures in the presence of extracellular ice. The results show that in the presence of heterogeneous extracellular ice formation induced by ice nucleating bacteria, endothelial cells showed improved attachment at temperature minimums of -6 °C. However, as temperatures decreased below -6 °C, endothelial cells required additional cryoprotectants. The glucose analog, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG), rescued cell attachment optimally at 100 mM (cells/lane was 34, as compared to 36 for controls), while 2% and 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) were equally effective at -10 °C (88% and 86.4% intact membranes). Finally, endothelialized microchannels were stored for 72 h at -10 °C in a preservation solution consisting of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, Snomax, 3-OMG, PEG, glycerol, and trehalose, whereby cell attachment was not significantly different from unfrozen controls, although membrane integrity was compromised. These findings enrich our knowledge about the direct impact of extracellular ice on endothelial cells. Specifically, we show that, by controlling the ice nucleation temperature and uniformity, we can preserve cell attachment and membrane integrity. Further, we demonstrate the strength of leveraging endothelialized microchannels to fuel discoveries in cryopreservation of thick tissues and solid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Tessier
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Lindong Weng
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Will D Moyo
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sam H Au
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Keith H K Wong
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Cindy Angpraseuth
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Amy E Stoddard
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Chenyue Lu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Linda T Nieman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Rebecca D Sandlin
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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20
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Advances in the slow freezing cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells. J Control Release 2018; 281:119-138. [PMID: 29782945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the use of cell microencapsulation technology has been promoted for a wide range of applications as sustained drug delivery systems or as cells containing biosystems for regenerative medicine. However, difficulty in their preservation and storage has limited their availability to healthcare centers. Because the preservation in cryogenic temperatures poses many biological and biophysical challenges and that the technology has not been well understood, the slow cooling cryopreservation, which is the most used technique worldwide, has not given full measure of its full potential application yet. This review will discuss the different steps that should be understood and taken into account to preserve microencapsulated cells by slow freezing in a successful and simple manner. Moreover, it will review the slow freezing preservation of alginate-based microencapsulated cells and discuss some recommendations that the research community may pursue to optimize the preservation of microencapsulated cells, enabling the therapy translate from bench to the clinic.
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21
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Shi M, Feng S, Zhang X, Ji C, Xu F, Lu TJ. Droplet based vitrification for cell aggregates: Numerical analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:383-393. [PMID: 29656233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell aggregates represent the main format of cells existing in vivo and have been widely used as tissue and disease models in vitro. Nevertheless, the preservation of cell aggregates while maintaining their functionalities for off-the-shelf applications is still challenging. Among various preservation methods, droplet-based vitrification exhibits superior advantages for the cryopreservation of cell aggregates; however, the physical mechanisms underlying droplet-based vitrification of cell aggregate using this method remain elusive. To address this issue, we proposed a voronoi model to construct two-dimensional geometric morphologies of cell aggregates and established a coupled physical model to describe the diffusion, heat transfer and crystallization processes during vitrification. Based on these models, we performed a numerical study on the variation and distribution of cryoprotectant (CPA) concentration, temperature and crystallization in cell aggregates during droplet-based vitrification. The results show that although cell membrane is not an obvious barrier in heat transfer, it affects the diffusion of CPA remarkably as a biologic film and thus the following crystallization in cell aggregates. The effective protection of CPA during vitrification occurs during the initial stage of CPA diffusion, thus a longer CPA loading time does not necessarily lead to significant decrease in crystallization, but rather may induce more toxicity to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shangsheng Feng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Changchun Ji
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Structures and Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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Zilli L, Bianchi A, Sabbagh M, Pecoraro L, Schiavone R, Vilella S. Development of sea bream (Sparus aurata) semen vitrification protocols. Theriogenology 2018; 110:103-109. [PMID: 29353140 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The long-term goal of this research project is to set up efficient protocol that can be used to develop a standardized approach for vitrification of marine fish spermatozoa. In particular, the aim of the present study was to develop a vitrification protocol for sea bream (Sparus aurata) spermatozoa. To draw up the protocol, we tested two different dilution media (1% NaCl and Mounib medium), three different vitrification devices (loops, drops and cut straws), different cryoprotectants (CPs) and three different equilibration times (30, 60 and 120 s). The effect of the different vitrification procedures on spermatozoa quality was checked by measuring spermatozoa motility rate and viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and the fertilizing ability of both fresh and post-thawed gametes. The best result was obtained by dropping directly into liquid nitrogen 20 μl of spermatozoa suspension (drop-wise method) diluted with Mounib buffer containing 10% Me2SO + 10% glycerol. The addition of a mixture of anti-freezing proteins, AFPI and AFPIII, to Mounib buffer significantly increases the spermatozoa quality following vitrification so confirming the usefulness of AFPs in improving the quality of gametes subjected to the vitrification process. The present study proves that vitrification offers an alternative to conventional sperm cryopreservation also in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Zilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchi
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maroua Sabbagh
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Schiavone
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vilella
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Development and Application of Cryoprotectants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:339-354. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cho TG, Kang SH, Cho YJ, Choi HJ, Jeon JP, Yang JS. Osteoblast and Bacterial Culture from Cryopreserved Skull Flap after Craniectomy: Laboratory Study. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2017; 60:397-403. [PMID: 28689388 PMCID: PMC5544374 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2017.0101.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cranioplasty using a cryopreserved skull flap is a wide spread practice. The most well-known complications of cranioplasty are postoperative surgical infections and bone flap resorption. In order to find biological evidence of cryopreserved cranioplasty, we investigated microorganism contamination of cryopreserved skulls and cultured osteoblasts from cryopreserved skulls. Methods Cryopreserved skull flaps of expired patients stored in a bone bank were used. Cryopreserved skulls were packaged in a plastic bag and wrapped with cotton cloth twice. After being crushed by a hammer, cancellous bone between the inner and outer table was obtained. The cancellous bone chips were thawed in a water bath of 30°C rapidly. After this, osteoblast culture and general microorganism culture were executed. Osteoblast cultures were done for 3 weeks. Microorganism cultures were done for 72 hours. Results A total of 47 cryopreserved skull flaps obtained from craniectomy was enrolled. Of the sample, 11 people were women, and the average age of patients was 55.8 years. Twenty four people had traumatic brain injuries, and 23 people had vascular diseases. Among the patients with traumatic brain injuries, two had fracture compound comminuted depressed. The duration of cryopreservation was, on average, 83.2 months (9 to 161 months). No cultured osteoblast was observed. No microorganisms were cultured. Conclusion In this study, neither microorganisms nor osteoblasts were cultured. The biological validity of cryopreserved skulls cranioplasty was considered low. However, the usage of cryopreserved skulls for cranioplasty is worthy of further investigation in the aspect of cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit of post-cranioplasty infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tack Geun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Hyung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jai Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Seo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Cho YJ, Kang SH. Review of Cranioplasty after Decompressive Craniectomy. Korean J Neurotrauma 2017; 13:9-14. [PMID: 28512612 PMCID: PMC5432454 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2017.13.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranioplasty is an in evitable operation conducted after decompressive craniectomy (DC). The primary goals of cranioplasty after DC are to protect the brain, achieve a natural appearance and prevent sinking skin flap syndrome (or syndrome of the trephined). Furthermore, restoring patients' functional outcome and supplementing external defects helps patients improve their self-esteem. Although early cranioplasty is preferred in recent year, optimal timing for cranioplasty remains a controversial topic. Autologous bone flaps are the most ideal substitute for cranioplasty. Complications associated with cranioplasty are also variable, however, post-surgical infection is most common. Many new materials and techniques for cranioplasty are introduced. Cost-benefit analysis of these new materials and techniques can result in different outcomes from different healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Suk Hyung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Batnyam O, Suye SI, Fujita S. Direct cryopreservation of adherent cells on an elastic nanofiber sheet featuring a low glass-transition temperature. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers, featured a lower glass-transition temperature than the freezing temperature and a loose mesh structure, allows the direct cryopreservation of adherent cells towards the investigation of cell-material composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onon Batnyam
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui-city
- Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui-city
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui-city
- Japan
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Bissoyi A, Bit A, Singh BK, Singh AK, Patra PK. Enhanced cryopreservation of MSCs in microfluidic bioreactor by regulated shear flow. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35416. [PMID: 27748463 PMCID: PMC5066325 DOI: 10.1038/srep35416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix systems can be stored for longer period of time by means of cryopreservation. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction has been found to be critical in a number of basic biological processes. Tissue structure maintenance, cell secretary activity, cellular migration, and cell-cell communication all exist because of the presence of cell interactions. This complex and co-ordinated interaction between cellular constituents, extracellular matrix and adjacent cells has been identified as a significant contributor in the overall co-ordination of tissue. The prime objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of shear-stress and cell-substrate interaction in successful recovery of adherent human mesenchymal-stem-cells (hMSCs). A customized microfluidic bioreactor has been used for the purpose. We have measured the changes in focal-point-adhesion (FPAs) by changing induced shear stress inside the bioreactor. The findings indicate that with increase in shear stress, FPAs increases between substrate and MSCs. Further, experimental results show that increased FPAs (4e-3 μbar) enhances the cellular survivability of adherent MSCs. Probably, for the first time involvement of focal point interaction in the outcome of cryopreservation of MSCs has been clarified, and it proved a potentially new approach for modification of cryopreservation protocol by up-regulating focal point of cells to improve its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Bikesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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Evaluation of the impact of freezing preparation techniques on the characterisation of alginate hydrogels by cryo-SEM. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Popa EG, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Seaweed polysaccharide-based hydrogels used for the regeneration of articular cartilage. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 35:410-24. [PMID: 24646368 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.889079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the literature focusing on seaweed polysaccharides based hydrogels that have been proposed for applications in regenerative medicine, particularly, in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. For a better understanding of the main requisites for these specific applications, the main aspects of the native cartilage structure, as well as recognized diseases that affect this tissue are briefly described. Current available treatments are also presented to emphasize the need for alternative techniques. The following part of this review is centered on the description of the general characteristics of algae polysaccharides, as well as relevant properties required for designing hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering purposes. An in-depth overview of the most well known seaweed polysaccharide, namely agarose, alginate, carrageenan and ulvan biopolymeric gels, that have been proposed for engineering cartilage is also provided. Finally, this review describes and summarizes the translational aspect for the clinical application of alternative systems emphasizing the importance of cryopreservation and the commercial products currently available for cartilage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Geta Popa
- a 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark , Guimarães , Portugal and
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Shardt N, Al-Abbasi KK, Yu H, Jomha NM, McGann LE, Elliott JAW. Cryoprotectant kinetic analysis of a human articular cartilage vitrification protocol. Cryobiology 2016; 73:80-92. [PMID: 27221520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently published a protocol to vitrify human articular cartilage and a method of cryoprotectant removal in preparation for transplantation. The current study's goal was to perform a cryoprotectant kinetic analysis and theoretically shorten the procedure used to vitrify human articular cartilage. First, the loading of the cryoprotectants was modeled using Fick's law of diffusion, and this information was used to predict the kinetics of cryoprotectant efflux after the cartilage sample had been warmed. We hypothesized that diffusion coefficients obtained from the permeation of individual cryoprotectants into porcine articular cartilage could be used to provide a reasonable prediction of the cryoprotectant loading and of the combined cryoprotectant efflux from vitrified human articular cartilage. We tested this hypothesis with experimental efflux measurements. Osteochondral dowels from three patients were vitrified, and after warming, the articular cartilage was immersed in 3 mL X-VIVO at 4 °C in two consecutive solutions, each for 24 h, with the solution osmolality recorded at various times. Measured equilibrium values agreed with theoretical values within a maximum of 15% for all three samples. The results showed that diffusion coefficients for individual cryoprotectants determined from experiments with 2-mm thick porcine cartilage can be used to approximate the rate of efflux of the combined cryoprotectants from vitrified human articular cartilage of similar thickness. Finally, Fick's law of diffusion was used in a computational optimization to shorten the protocol with the constraint of maintaining the theoretical minimum cryoprotectant concentration needed to achieve vitrification. The learning provided by this study will enable future improvements in tissue vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shardt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | | | - Hana Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Locksley E McGann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Canada.
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Shi M, Ling K, Yong KW, Li Y, Feng S, Zhang X, Pingguan-Murphy B, Lu TJ, Xu F. High-Throughput Non-Contact Vitrification of Cell-Laden Droplets Based on Cell Printing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17928. [PMID: 26655688 PMCID: PMC4677291 DOI: 10.1038/srep17928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most promising way for long-term storage of biological samples e.g., single cells and cellular structures. Among various cryopreservation methods, vitrification is advantageous by employing high cooling rate to avoid the formation of harmful ice crystals in cells. Most existing vitrification methods adopt direct contact of cells with liquid nitrogen to obtain high cooling rates, which however causes the potential contamination and difficult cell collection. To address these limitations, we developed a non-contact vitrification device based on an ultra-thin freezing film to achieve high cooling/warming rate and avoid direct contact between cells and liquid nitrogen. A high-throughput cell printer was employed to rapidly generate uniform cell-laden microdroplets into the device, where the microdroplets were hung on one side of the film and then vitrified by pouring the liquid nitrogen onto the other side via boiling heat transfer. Through theoretical and experimental studies on vitrification processes, we demonstrated that our device offers a high cooling/warming rate for vitrification of the NIH 3T3 cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with maintained cell viability and differentiation potential. This non-contact vitrification device provides a novel and effective way to cryopreserve cells at high throughput and avoid the contamination and collection problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ling
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kar Wey Yong
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuhui Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Shangsheng Feng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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Irdani T, Fortunato A, Torre R. An ultra-rapid cryo-technique for complex organisms. Cryobiology 2015; 71:391-7. [PMID: 26499841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent research model in cell biology, human disease and developmental studies. In this study, a novel cryopreservation technique based on a rapid cooling procedure, previously established for juveniles, was applied to adult-worms. Here we demonstrated that adults of C. elegans, a complex metazoan organism, survive to a rapid cooling and storage in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) with a very high survival percentage (85%). The procedure relies on a Low CryoProtectant Technique (LCPT) and Ultra Rapid Cooling (URC). The high cooling rate is achieved through the reduction of sample volumes and the effectiveness of a nylon carrier. Our technique complies with the requirements for vitrification to occur. The main distinctive characters of this cryopreservation technique compared to other methods, e.g. Slow Freezing and Vitrification, are presented. Our results show that this cryopreservation method is valid for both unicellular and multicellular organisms; it is suitable for short or long time storage in liquid-nitrogen. This technique promises to be a unique and simpler method for cryostorage of cells, organisms and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Irdani
- CRA Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
| | - A Fortunato
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - R Torre
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Xeno-immunogenicity of ice-free cryopreserved porcine leaflets. J Surg Res 2014; 193:933-41. [PMID: 25454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undesirable processes of inflammation, calcification, or immune-mediated reactions are limiting factors in long-term survival of heart valves in patients. In this study, we target the modulatory effects of ice-free cryopreservation (IFC) of xenogeneic heart valve leaflet matrices, without decellularization, on the adaptive human immune responses in vitro. METHODS We tested porcine leaflet matrices from fresh untreated, conventionally cryopreserved (CFC), and IFC pulmonary valves by culturing them with human blood mononuclear cells for 5 d in vitro. No other tissue treatment protocols to modify possible immune responses were used. Matrices alone or in addition with a low-dose second stimulus were analyzed for induction of proliferation and cytokine release by flow cytometry-based techniques. Evaluation of the α-Gal epitope expression was performed by immunohistochemistry with fluorochrome-labeled B4 isolectin. RESULTS None of the tested leaflet treatment groups directly triggered the proliferation of immune cells. But when tested in combination with a second trigger by anti-CD3, IFC valves showed significantly reduced proliferation of T cells, especially effector memory T cells, in comparison with fresh or CFC tissue. Moreover, the cytokine levels for interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-10 were reduced for the IFC-treated group being significantly different compared with the CFC group. However, no difference between treatment groups in the expression of the α-Gal antigen was observed. CONCLUSIONS IFC of xenogeneic tissue might be an appropriate treatment method or processing step to prevent responses of the adaptive immune system.
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O'Cearbhaill ED, Ng KS, Karp JM. Emerging medical devices for minimally invasive cell therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:259-73. [PMID: 24485137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the first wave of cell-based therapeutics undergo clinical trials with varying degrees of success. Although attention is increasingly focused on clinical trial design, owing to spiraling regulatory costs, tools used in delivering cells and sustaining the cells' viability and functions in vivo warrant careful scrutiny. While the clinical administration of cell-based therapeutics often requires additional safeguarding and targeted delivery compared with traditional therapeutics, there is significant opportunity for minimally invasive device-assisted cell therapy to provide the physician with new regenerative options at the point of care. Herein we detail exciting recent advances in medical devices that will aid in the safe and efficacious delivery of cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin D O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kelvin S Ng
- Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
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Pashaiasl M, Khodadadi K, Richings NM, Holland MK, Verma PJ. Cryopreservation and long-term maintenance of bovine embryo-derived cell lines. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:707-18. [PMID: 22951106 DOI: 10.1071/rd12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop methods for cryopreservation and long-term maintenance of putative bovine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Putative bovine ESC (bESC) lines (n=3) isolated in conventional medium were used to compare slow-freezing and vitrification. After warming, vitrified cells (96.9%) demonstrated significantly (P<0.05) better survival than frozen-thawed cells (81.5%) and formed significantly more colonies with good morphology (vitrification: 93/93, 100.0%; slow-freezing: 74/106, 69.81%; P<0.05). The effect of inhibitors of differentiation (PD184352, SU5402, CHIR99021) on ESC maintenance was assessed on putative bESC lines established in N2B27-3i medium (n=8) or conventional medium (n=1) after culture over 30 passages (>240 days). All cell lines expressed ALP, SSEA1, SSEA4, OCT4, REX1 and SSEA1. OCT4 expression was confirmed by relative real-time PCR and was upregulated in early passages of putative bESCs cultured in N2B27-3i (2.9±0.89-fold higher at Passage (P) 2-4), whereas the converse was observed later (P22-26; 2.2±0.1-fold increase in conventional medium). Putative bESC lines isolated in N2B27-3i medium (n=3) or conventional medium (n=1) were vitrified at P18 and, after warming, were cultured for a further 12 passages. These cells survived vitrification and expressed OCT4, REX1, SSEA1, ALP, SSEA1 and SSEA4. These results demonstrate that putative bESC lines that express pluripotent markers can be cultured long term and retain expression of pluripotent markers after vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pashaiasl
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
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Ahmad HF, Sambanis A. Cryopreservation effects on recombinant myoblasts encapsulated in adhesive alginate hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6814-22. [PMID: 23499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation in hydrogels is widely used in tissue engineering applications, including encapsulation of islets or other insulin-secreting cells in pancreatic substitutes. Use of adhesive, biofunctionalized hydrogels is receiving increasing attention as cell-matrix interactions in three-dimensional (3-D) environments can be important for various cell processes. With pancreatic substitutes, studies have indicated benefits of 3-D adhesion on the viability and/or function of insulin-secreting cells. As long-term storage of microencapsulated cells is critical for their clinical translation, cryopreservation of cells in hydrogels is being actively investigated. Previous studies have examined the cryopreservation response of cells encapsulated in non-adhesive hydrogels using conventional freezing and/or vitrification (ice-free cryopreservation); however, none have systematically compared the two cryopreservation methods with cells encapsulated within an adhesive 3-D environment. The latter would be significant, as evidence suggests adhesion influences the cellular response to cryopreservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the response to conventional freezing and vitrification of insulin-secreting cells encapsulated in an adhesive biomimetic hydrogel. Recombinant insulin-secreting C2C12 myoblasts were encapsulated in oxidized RGD-alginate and cultured for 1 or 4days post-encapsulation, cryopreserved, and assessed up to 3days post-warming for metabolic activity and insulin secretion, and 1day post-warming for cell morphology. Besides certain transient differences in the vitrified group relative to the fresh control, both conventional freezing and vitrification maintained the metabolism, secretory activity, and morphology of the recombinant C2C12 cells. Thus, due to a simpler procedure and slightly superior results, conventional freezing is recommended over vitrification for the cryopreservation of C2C12 cells encapsulated in oxidized, RGD-modified alginate.
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Shimizu T, Akahane M, Ueha T, Kido A, Omokawa S, Kobata Y, Murata K, Kawate K, Tanaka Y. Osteogenesis of cryopreserved osteogenic matrix cell sheets. Cryobiology 2013; 66:326-32. [PMID: 23562780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of tissue engineered bone (TEB), whilst maintaining its osteogenic ability, is imperative for large-scale clinical application. We previously reported a novel cell transplantation method, in which bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured to confluence and differentiated down the osteogenic lineage to form osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCS). OMCS have high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OC) contents and can be easily used for producing TEB. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether TEB produced by cryopreserved OMCS maintains sufficient osteogenic potential in vivo. OMCS were prepared and divided into three groups according to storage period of cryopreservation (fresh (no cryopreservation), 4 week and 12 week cryopreservation groups). OMCS were cryopreserved by storage in freezing medium (Cell Banker 1®) at -80 °C. Cryopreserved OMCSs were rapidly thawed at room temperature and wrapped around Hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds prior to implantation into subcutaneous sites in rats, to determine their in vivo bone-forming capability. The constructs were harvested 4 weeks after transplantation and examined histologically and biochemically. Histological analysis of the constructs showed extensive bone formation in the HA pores with high ALP activity and OC content detected in the cryopreservation groups. The present study clearly indicates that cryopreserved/thawed OMCS are still capable of producing mineralized matrix on scaffolds, resulting in bone formation. This cryopreservation technique could be applied for hard tissue reconstruction to ease the cell preparation method prior to time of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
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Bian J, Li T, Ding C, Xin W, Zhu B, Zhou C. Vitreous cryopreservation of human preantral follicles encapsulated in alginate beads with mini mesh cups. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59:288-95. [PMID: 23485957 PMCID: PMC3934133 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To completely avoid ice crystal formation and thus get a higher survival rate,
vitrification methods have been commonly used for cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos.
However, currently used vitrification methods for oocytes and embryos are not suitable for
the cryopreservation of preantral follicles (PFs). In the present study, stainless steel
mesh was fabricated into mini mesh cups to vitrify isolated PFs. Moreover, isolated
follicles were encapsulated and then subjected to vitreous cryopreservation to facilitate
in vitro culture/maturation of follicles after warming. The results
showed that the percentages of viable follicles did not differ significantly between the
vitrification group and fresh group soon after warming (81.25% vs.
85.29%, P>0.05) and after a 7-day culture period (77.78% vs. 83.33%,
P>0.05). No difference in mean follicular diameter was observed between cryopreserved
and fresh follicles when cultured in vitro. Transmission electron
microscopic analysis revealed that vitreous cryopreservation could maintain the
ultrastructure of follicles in alginate beads. In conclusion, the present vitrification
method could efficiently cryopreserve isolated human ovarian follicles encapsulated by
calcium alginate, which could be put into immediate use (in vitro
culture/ maturation) after warming. However, more follicles and some detailed biochemical
analyses are required to further investigate the effects of vitrification on the long-term
growth of human encapsulated PFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Bian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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Cryopreservation with a twist - towards a sterile, serum-free surface-based vitrification of hESCs. Cryobiology 2012; 66:8-16. [PMID: 23085527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) play an important role in the fields of regenerative medicine, basic scientific research, tissue engineering and toxicology. Their unique morphology however makes them very sensitive to cryopreservation procedures. We recently introduced a surface dependent, enzyme- and serum-free method for the effective cryopreservation of bulk quantities of hESC colonies using direct immersion into liquid nitrogen (Beier et al., 2011 [5]). However, direct contact with liquid nitrogen risks contamination and cell infection and severely limits clinical application. This work introduces a modified method and a new combined cultivation and cryopreservation device to facilitate the surface dependent vitrification without contact with (possibly unsterile) liquid nitrogen. The technique allows the culture, cryopreservation, storage and post-thawing cultivation in the same device without detaching cell samples from the cultivation surface. Successful vitrification of bulk quantities of hESCs without direct liquid nitrogen contact is an important step towards automated cryopreservation processes for clinical applications of stem cells and other colony forming cell types.
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Müller-Schweinitzer E. Cryopreservation of vascular tissues. Organogenesis 2012; 5:97-104. [PMID: 20046671 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.3.9495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of human blood vessels may become an important tool in bypass surgery and peripheral vascular reconstruction. Ideally cryopreservation of a blood vessel should preserve functional characteristics comparable to those of fresh controls. The key advantage of cryopreservation is the fact that storage at deep subzero temperatures allows storage of structurally intact living vascular tissues for virtually infinite time. Originally developed for long-time storage of isolated cells, the techniques of cryopreservation of tissues are challenged by the fact that these are complex multicellular systems containing diverse types of cells with differing requirements for optimal preservation. Therefore, the post-thaw functional activity of vascular tissues is determined by the type of blood vessel and, in addition, by the cell packing effect. Moreover, evidence from pharmacological studies suggests that cryopreservation induces tissue specific changes in transmembrane signaling and the mechanisms coupling intracellular calcium release, sensitivity and calcium entry into the smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Müller-Schweinitzer
- Heart Surgery Center Basel-Bern; University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine; Basel, Switzerland
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Wang X, Magalhães R, Wu Y, Wen F, Gouk SS, Watson PF, Yu H, Kuleshova LL. Development of a modified vitrification strategy suitable for subsequent scale-up for hepatocyte preservation. Cryobiology 2012; 65:289-300. [PMID: 22940432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the design of a vitrification solution (VS) for scaled-up cryopreservation of hepatocytes, by adapting VS(basic) (40% (v/v) ethylene glycol 0.6M sucrose, i.e. 7.17 M ethylene glycol 0.6M sucrose), previously proven effective in vitrifying bioengineered constructs and stem cells. The initial section of the scale-up study involved the selection of non-penetrating additives to supplement VS(basic) and increase the solution's total solute concentration. This involved a systematic approach with a step-by-step elimination of non-penetrating cryoprotectants, based on their effect on cells after long/short term exposures to high/low concentrations of the additives alone or in combinations, on the attachment ability of hepatocytes after exposure. At a second stage, hepatocyte suspension was vitrified and functions were assessed after continuous culture up to 5 days. Results indicated Ficoll as the least toxic additive. Within 60 min, the exposure of hepatocytes to a solution composed of 9% Ficoll+0.6M sucrose (10⁻³ M Ficoll+0.6 M sucrose) sustained attachment efficiency of 95%, similar to control. Furthermore, this additive did not cause any detriment to the attachment of these cells when supplementing the base vitrification solution VS(basic). The addition of 9% Ficoll, raised the total solute concentration to 74.06% (w/v) with a negligible 10⁻³ M increase in molarity of the solution. This suggests main factor in inducing detriment to cells was the molar contribution of the additive. Vitrification protocol for scale-up condition sustained hepatocyte suspension attachment efficiency and albumin production. We conclude that although established approach will permit scaling-up of vitrification of hepatocyte suspension, vitrification of hepatocytes which are attached prior to vitrification is more effective by comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Low Temperature Preservation Unit, National University Medical Institutes, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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42
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Comparison of vitrification and slow cooling for umbilical tissues. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:65-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Catalano PN, Gurkan UA, Khimji I, Demirci U. Emerging technologies in medical applications of minimum volume vitrification. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 6:1115-29. [PMID: 21955080 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell/tissue biopreservation has broad public health and socio-economic impact affecting millions of lives. Cryopreservation technologies provide an efficient way to preserve cells and tissues targeting the clinic for applications including reproductive medicine and organ transplantation. Among these technologies, vitrification has displayed significant improvement in post-thaw cell viability and function by eliminating harmful effects of ice crystal formation compared to the traditional slow freezing methods. However, high cryoprotectant agent concentrations are required, which induces toxicity and osmotic stress to cells and tissues. It has been shown that vitrification using small sample volumes (i.e., <1 µl) significantly increases cooling rates and hence reduces the required cryoprotectant agent levels. Recently, emerging nano- and micro-scale technologies have shown potential to manipulate picoliter to nanoliter sample sizes. Therefore, the synergistic integration of nanoscale technologies with cryogenics has the potential to improve biopreservation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lawson A, Mukherjee IN, Sambanis A. Mathematical modeling of cryoprotectant addition and removal for the cryopreservation of engineered or natural tissues. Cryobiology 2011; 64:1-11. [PMID: 22142903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term storage of natural tissues or tissue-engineered constructs is critical to allow off-the-shelf availability. Vitrification is a method of cryopreservation that eliminates ice formation, as ice may be detrimental to the function of natural or bioartificial tissues. In order to achieve the vitreous state, high concentrations of CPAs must be added and later removed. The high concentrations may be deleterious to cells as the CPAs are cytotoxic and single-step addition or removal will result in excessive osmotic excursions and cell death. A previously described mathematical model accounting for the mass transfer of CPAs through the sample matrix and cell membrane was expanded to incorporate heat transfer and CPA cytotoxicity. Simulations were performed for two systems, an encapsulated system of insulin-secreting cells and articular cartilage, each with different transport properties, geometry and size. Cytotoxicity and mass transfer are dependent on temperature, with a higher temperature allowing more rapid mass transfer but also causing increased cytotoxicity. The effects of temperature are exacerbated for articular cartilage, which has larger dimensions and slower mass transport through the matrix. Simulations indicate that addition and removal at 4°C is preferable to 25°C, as cell death is higher at 25°C due to increased cytotoxicity in spite of the faster mass transport. Additionally, the model indicates that less cytotoxic CPAs, especially at high temperature, would significantly improve the cryopreservation outcome. Overall, the mathematical model allows the design of addition and removal protocols that insure CPA equilibration throughout the sample while still minimizing CPA exposure and maximizing cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lawson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
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45
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Miyoshi H, Ohshima N, Sato C. Three-dimensional culture of mouse bone marrow cells on stroma formed within a porous scaffold: influence of scaffold shape and cryopreservation of the stromal layer on expansion of haematopoietic progenitor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:32-8. [PMID: 22081538 DOI: 10.1002/term.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study's primary goal was to develop an effective ex vivo expansion method for haematopoietic cells. 3D culture of mouse bone marrow cells was performed in porous scaffolds using a sheet or cube shape. Bone marrow cells were cultured on bone marrow-derived stromal layers formed within the scaffolds and the effect of scaffold shape on the expansion of haematopoietic cells was examined. In some experiments, stromal layers within cubic scaffolds were frozen and then used to culture bone marrow cells after thawing. Results show that after comparison, total cell density and expansion of haematopoietic cells were greater in cultures using the cubic scaffold, suggesting that it was superior to the sheet-like scaffold for expanding haematopoietic cells. When cryopreserved stroma was used, it effectively supported the expansion of haematopoietic cells, and a greater expansion of haematopoietic cells [(erythroid and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)] was achieved than in cultures with stromal cells that had not been cryopreserved. Expansion of cells using cryopreserved stroma had several other advantages such as a shorter culture period than the conventional method, a stable supply of stromal cells, and ease of handling and scaling up. As a result, this is an attractive method for ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HPCs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Beier AFJ, Schulz JC, Dörr D, Katsen-Globa A, Sachinidis A, Hescheler J, Zimmermann H. Effective surface-based cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells by vitrification. Cryobiology 2011; 63:175-85. [PMID: 21910982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are candidates for many applications in the areas of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, basic scientific research as well as pharmacology and toxicology. However, use of hESCs is limited by their sensitivity to freezing and thawing procedures. Hence, this emerging science needs new, reliable preservation methods for the long-term storage of large quantities of functional hESCs remaining pluripotent after post-thawing and culturing. Here, we present a highly efficient, surface based vitrification method for the cryopreservation of large numbers of adherent hESC colonies, using modified cell culture substrates. This technique results in much better post-thaw survival rate compared to cryopreservation in suspension and allows a quick and precise handling and storage of the cells, indicating low differentiation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F J Beier
- Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering, St. Ingbert, Germany
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47
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Cuevas-Uribe R, Yang H, Daly J, Savage MG, Walter RB, Tiersch TR. Production of F₁ offspring with vitrified sperm from a live-bearing fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii. Zebrafish 2011; 8:167-79. [PMID: 21883000 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2011.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the first production of offspring with vitrified sperm from a live-bearing fish Xiphophorus hellerii. The overall goal of this study was to develop streamlined protocols for integration into a standardized approach for vitrification of aquatic species germplasm. The objectives were to (1) estimate acute toxicity of cryoprotectants, (2) evaluate vitrification solutions, (3) compare different thawing methods, (4) evaluate membrane integrity of post-thaw sperm vitrified in different cryoprotectants, and (5) evaluate the fertility of vitrified sperm. Nine cryoprotectants and two commercial vitrification additives were tested for acute toxicity and glass forming ability, alone and in combination. Two vitrification solutions, 40% glycerol (Gly) and 20% Gly+20% ethylene glycol (EG) in 500 mOsmol/kg Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), were selected for vitrification of 10 μL sperm samples using inoculating loops plunged into liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed at 24°C (one loop in 5 μL of HBSS or three loops in 500 μL of HBSS). Samples thawed in 500 μL were concentrated by centrifugation (1000 g for 5 min at 4°C) into 5 μL for artificial insemination. Offspring were produced from virgin females inseminated with sperm vitrified with 20% Gly+20% EG and concentrated by centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cuevas-Uribe
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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48
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Cryopreservation and quality control of mouse embryonic feeder cells. Cryobiology 2011; 63:104-10. [PMID: 21810414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research is a highly promising and rapidly progressing field inside regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), reprogrammed "induced pluripotent" cells (iPS), or lately protein induced pluripotent cells (piPS) share one inevitable factor: mouse embryonic feeder cells (MEFs), which are commonly used for ESC long term culture procedures and colony regeneration. These MEFs originate from different mouse strains, are inactivated by different methods and are differently cryopreserved. Incomprehensibly, there are to date no established quality control parameters for MEFs to insure consistency of ESC experiments and culture. Hence, in this work, we developed a bench-top quality control for embryonic feeder cells. According to our findings, MEFs should be inactivated by irradiation (30Gy) and cryopreserved with optimal 10% DMSO at 1K/min freezing velocity. Thawed cells should be free of mycoplasma and should have above 85 ± 13.1% viability. Values for the metabolic activity should be above 150 ± 10.5% and for the combined gene expression of selected marker genes above 225 ± 43.8% compared to non-irradiated, cryopreserved controls. Cells matching these criteria can be utilized for at least 12 days for ESC culture without detaching from the culture dish or disruption of the cell layer.
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Umemura E, Yamada Y, Nakamura S, Ito K, Hara K, Ueda M. Viable Cryopreserving Tissue-Engineered Cell-Biomaterial for Cell Banking Therapy in an Effective Cryoprotectant. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:799-807. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Umemura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Hamamatsu Kita Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Hara
- Hamamatsu Kita Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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50
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Liu Y, Xu X, Ma X, Martin-Rendon E, Watt S, Cui Z. Cryopreservation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with reduced dimethylsulfoxide and well-defined freezing solutions. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 26:1635-43. [PMID: 20572296 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using well defined, serum-free freezing solutions with a reduced level of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) of 7.5, 5, and 2.5% (v/v) in the combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or trehalose to cryopreserve human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), a main source of stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. The standard laboratory freezing protocol of around 1°C/min was used in the experiments. The efficiency of 1,2-propandiol on cryopreservation of hBMSCs was explored. We measured the post-thawing cell viability and early apoptotic behaviors, cell metabolic activities, and growth dynamics. Cell morphology and osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capability were also tested after cryopreservation. The results showed that post-thawing viability of hBMSCs in 7.5% DMSO (v/v), 2.5% PEG (w/v), and 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (w/v) was comparable with that obtained in conventional 10% DMSO, that is, 82.9 ± 4.3% and 82.7 ± 3.7%, respectively. In addition, 5% DMSO (v/v) with 5% PEG (w/v) and 7.5% 1,2-propandiol (v/v) with 2.5% PEG (w/v) can provide good protection to hBMSCs when 2% albumin (w/v) is present. Enhanced cell viability was observed with the addition of albumin to all tested freezing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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