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Guo Q, Chen J, Bu Q, Zhang J, Ruan M, Chen X, Zhao M, Tu X, Zhao C. Establishing stable and highly osteogenic hiPSC-derived MSCs for 3D-printed bone graft through microenvironment modulation by CHIR99021-treated osteocytes. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101111. [PMID: 38933413 PMCID: PMC11201125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) are ideal candidates for the production of standardised and scalable bioengineered bone grafts. However, stable induction and osteogenic differentiation of iMSCs pose challenges in the industry. We developed a precise differentiation method to produce homogeneous and fully differentiated iMSCs. In this study, we established a standardised system to prepare iMSCs with increased osteogenic potential and improved bioactivity by introducing a CHIR99021 (C91)-treated osteogenic microenvironment (COOME). COOME enhances the osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation of iMSCs via canonical Wnt signalling. Global transcriptome analysis and co-culturing experiments indicated that COOME increased the pro-angiogenesis/neurogenesis activity of iMSCs. The superior osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation abilities of COOME-treated iMSCs were also confirmed in a Bio3D module generated using a polycaprolactone (PCL) and cell-integrated 3D printing (PCI3D) system, which is the closest model to in vivo research. This COOME-treated iMSCs differentiation system offers a new perspective for generating highly osteogenic, bioactive, and anatomically matched grafts for clinical applications. Statement of significance Although human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) are ideal seed cells for synthetic bone implants, the challenges of stable induction and osteogenic differentiation hinder their clinical application. This study established a standardised system for the scalable preparation of iMSCs with improved osteogenic potential by combining our precise iMSC differentiation method with the CHIR99021 (C91)-treated osteocyte osteogenic microenvironment (COOME) through the activation of canonical Wnt signalling. Moreover, COOME upregulated the pro-angiogenic and pro-neurogenic capacities of iMSCs, which are crucial for the integration of implanted bone grafts. The superior osteogenic ability of COOME-treated iMSCs was confirmed in Bio3D modules generated using PCL and cell-integrated 3D printing systems, highlighting their functional potential in vivo. This study contributes to tissue engineering by providing insights into the functional differentiation of iMSCs for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Guo
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiqi Bu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minjie Ruan
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengzhu Zhao
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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2
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Nguyen TT, Kil YS, Sung JH, Youn YS, Jeong JH, Lee JH, Jiang HL, Yook S, Nam JW, Jeong JH. Fabrication of stem cell heterospheroids with sustained-release chitosan and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to guide cell fate toward chondrogenic differentiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130356. [PMID: 38395283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies show great potential in treating various diseases. However, control of the fate of injected cells needs to be improved. In this work, we developed an efficient methodology for modulating chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We fabricated heterospheroids with two sustained-release depots, a quaternized chitosan microsphere (QCS-MP) and a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere (PLGA-MP). The results show that heterospheroids composed of 1 × 104 to 5 × 104 MSCs formed rapidly during incubation in methylcellulose medium and maintained high cell viability in long-term culture. The MPs were uniformly distributed in the heterospheroids, as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Incorporation of transforming growth factor beta 3 into QCS-MPs and of dexamethasone into PLGA-MPs significantly promoted the expression of chondrogenic genes and high accumulation of glycosaminoglycan in heterospheroids. Changes in crucial metabolites in the dual drug depot-engineered heterospheroids were also evaluated using 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis to verify their successful chondrogenic differentiation. Our heterospheroid fabrication platform could be used in tissue engineering to study the effects of various therapeutic agents on stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiep Tien Nguyen
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Nath SC, Babaei-Abraki S, Meng G, Heale KA, Hsu CYM, Rancourt DE. A retinoid analogue, TTNPB, promotes clonal expansion of human pluripotent stem cells by upregulating CLDN2 and HoxA1. Commun Biol 2024; 7:190. [PMID: 38365890 PMCID: PMC10873380 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic dissociation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into single cells during routine passage leads to massive cell death. Although the Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 can enhance hPSC survival and proliferation at high seeding density, dissociated single cells undergo apoptosis at clonal density. This presents a major hurdle when deriving genetically modified hPSC lines since transfection and genome editing efficiencies are not satisfactory. As a result, colonies tend to contain heterogeneous mixtures of both modified and unmodified cells, making it difficult to isolate the desired clone buried within the colony. In this study, we report improved clonal expansion of hPSCs using a retinoic acid analogue, TTNPB. When combined with Y-27632, TTNPB synergistically increased hPSC cloning efficiency by more than 2 orders of magnitude (0.2% to 20%), whereas TTNPB itself increased more than double cell number expansion compared to Y-27632. Furthermore, TTNPB-treated cells showed two times higher aggregate formation and cell proliferation compared to Y-27632 in suspension culture. TTNPB-treated cells displayed a normal karyotype, pluripotency and were able to stochastically differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. TTNBP acts, in part, by promoting cellular adhesion and self-renewal through the upregulation of Claudin 2 and HoxA1. By promoting clonal expansion, TTNPB provides a new approach for isolating and expanding pure hPSCs for future cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kali A Heale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Charlie Y M Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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4
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Iworima DG, Baker RK, Piret JM, Kieffer TJ. Analysis of the effects of bench-scale cell culture platforms and inoculum cell concentrations on PSC aggregate formation and culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1267007. [PMID: 38107616 PMCID: PMC10722899 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1267007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide many opportunities for application in regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers, proliferate indefinitely, and replace damaged or dysfunctional cells. However, such cell replacement therapies require the economical generation of clinically relevant cell numbers. Whereas culturing hPSCs as a two-dimensional monolayer is widely used and relatively simple to perform, their culture as suspended three-dimensional aggregates may enable more economical production in large-scale stirred tank bioreactors. To be more relevant to this biomanufacturing, bench-scale differentiation studies should be initiated from aggregated hPSC cultures. Methods: We compared five available bench-scale platforms for generating undifferentiated cell aggregates of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using AggreWell™ plates, low attachment plates on an orbital shaker, roller bottles, spinner flasks, and vertical-wheel bioreactors (PBS-Minis). Thereafter, we demonstrated the incorporation of an hPSC aggregation step prior to directed differentiation to pancreatic progenitors and endocrine cells. Results and discussion: The AggreWell™ system had the highest aggregation yield. The initial cell concentrations had an impact on the size of aggregates generated when using AggreWell™ plates as well as in roller bottles. However, aggregates made with low attachment plates, spinner flasks and PBS-Minis were similar regardless of the initial cell number. Aggregate morphology was compact and relatively homogenously distributed in all platforms except for the roller bottles. The size of aggregates formed in PBS-Minis was modulated by the agitation rate during the aggregation. In all cell culture platforms, the net growth rate of cells in 3D aggregates was lower (range: -0.01-0.022 h-1) than cells growing as a monolayer (range: 0.039-0.045 h-1). Overall, this study describes operating ranges that yield high-quality undifferentiated hESC aggregates using several of the most commonly used bench-scale cell culture platforms. In all of these systems, methods were identified to obtain PSC aggregates with greater than 70% viability, and mean diameters between 60 and 260 mm. Finally, we showed the capacity of hPSC aggregates formed with PBS-Minis to differentiate into viable pancreatic progenitors and endocrine cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diepiriye G. Iworima
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert K. Baker
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James M. Piret
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications—Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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6
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications-Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [PMID: 37443761 PMCID: PMC10341347 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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7
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Tamaoki N, Siebert S, Maeda T, Ha NH, Good ML, Huang Y, Vodnala SK, Haro-Mora JJ, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Sweeney CL, Choi U, Brault J, Koontz S, Malech HL, Yamazaki Y, Isonaka R, Goldstein DS, Kimura M, Takebe T, Zou J, Stroncek DF, Robey PG, Kruhlak MJ, Restifo NP, Vizcardo R. Self-organized yolk sac-like organoids allow for scalable generation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100460. [PMID: 37159663 PMCID: PMC10163025 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into various types of blood cells has been well established, approaches for clinical-scale production of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) remain challenging. We found that hiPSCs cocultured with stromal cells as spheroids (hematopoietic spheroids [Hp-spheroids]) can grow in a stirred bioreactor and develop into yolk sac-like organoids without the addition of exogenous factors. Hp-spheroid-induced organoids recapitulated a yolk sac-characteristic cellular complement and structures as well as the functional ability to generate HPCs with lympho-myeloid potential. Moreover, sequential hemato-vascular ontogenesis could also be observed during organoid formation. We demonstrated that organoid-induced HPCs can be differentiated into erythroid cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes with current maturation protocols. Notably, the Hp-spheroid system can be performed in an autologous and xeno-free manner, thereby improving the feasibility of bulk production of hiPSC-derived HPCs in clinical, therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naritaka Tamaoki
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ngoc-Han Ha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghan L. Good
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yin Huang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suman K. Vodnala
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan J. Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colin L. Sweeney
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uimook Choi
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie Brault
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sherry Koontz
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David S. Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), and Division of Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F. Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Matsumoto T, Kim MH, Kino-oka M. Effect of Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor on Growth Behaviors of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Suspension Culture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:613. [PMID: 36354524 PMCID: PMC9687832 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors are used for the survival of single-dissociated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, their effects on the growth behaviors of hiPSCs in suspension culture are unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ROCK inhibitor on growth behaviors of two hiPSC lines (Tic and 1383D2) with different formation of aggregate that attached between single cells in suspension culture. The apparent specific growth rate by long-term exposure to Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, was maintained throughout the culture. Long-term exposure to ROCK inhibitor led to an increase in cell division throughout the culture in both lines. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that hiPSCs forming spherical aggregates showed localization of collagen type I on its periphery. In addition, phosphorylated myosin (pMLC) was localized at the periphery in culture under short-term exposure to ROCK inhibitor, whereas pMLC was not detected at whole the aggregate in culture under long-term exposure. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that long-term exposure to ROCK inhibitor blocked the structural alteration on the surface of cell aggregates. These results indicate that pMLC inhibition by long-term ROCK inhibition leads to enhanced growth abilities of hiPSCs in suspension culture by maintaining the structures of extracellular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Research Base for Cell Manufacturability, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Iworima DG, Rieck S, Kieffer TJ. Process parameter development for the scaled generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic endocrine cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1459-1469. [PMID: 34387389 PMCID: PMC8550703 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. The global prevalence of this disease has been projected to reach 700 million adults by the year 2045. Type 1 diabetes represents about 10% of the reported cases of diabetes. Although islet transplantation can be a highly effective method to treat type 1 diabetes, its widespread application is limited by the paucity of cadaveric donor islets. The use of pluripotent stem cells as an unlimited cell source to generate insulin‐producing cells for implant is a promising alternative for treating diabetes. However, to be clinically relevant, it is necessary to manufacture these stem cell‐derived cells at sufficient scales. Significant advances have been made in differentiation protocols used to generate stem cell‐derived cells capable of reversing diabetes in animal models and for testing in clinical trials. We discuss the potential of both stem cell‐derived pancreatic progenitors and more matured insulin‐producing cells to treat diabetes. We discuss the need for rigorous bioprocess parameter optimization and identify some critical process parameters and strategies that may influence the critical quality attributes of the cells with the goal of facilitating scalable manufacturing of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived pancreatic endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diepiriye G Iworima
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Timothy J Kieffer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Vijayashankar DP, Vaidya T. Homotypic aggregates contribute to heterogeneity in B cell fates due to an intrinsic gradient of stimulant exposure. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112650. [PMID: 34029570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monocultures of several cell types result in the formation of robust clusters called homotypic aggregates (HAs). How this physical aggregation affects cell fates in immune cell cultures, is poorly understood. We studied anti-CD40-stimulated primary B cell cultures, where cells assembled into large three-dimensional LFA1-driven HAs by 72 h. The dense packing in these aggregates restricts the infiltration of stimulants, such as antibodies, to cells inside the clusters. This creates a concentration gradient of stimulant availability across the cross-section of HAs. We describe a method to retain this positional information even after the disruption of HAs, for analysis by flow cytometry. Comparison of stage-specific cell-surface markers showed that the extent of stimulant-binding affected multiple fates non-uniformly. While germinal center and lineage markers were moderately upregulated, immunoglobulins and markers associated with memory were more than doubled in the peripheral cells binding more anti-CD40. These cells also experienced a strong repression of the plasma cell regulator Prdm1 and an upregulation of the oncogene Myc. Thus, cells at different locations in HAs are subjected to unequal doses of stimulants, leading to a hitherto unreported source of heterogeneity in cell fates. These findings can be extrapolated to understand the dose-dependent effects of stimulants in other three-dimensional cell clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Prasad Vijayashankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Tushar Vaidya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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11
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Dey AD, Behl T, Chadha S. Stem cells and growth factors-based delivery approaches for chronic wound repair and regeneration: A promise to heal from within. Life Sci 2021; 268:118932. [PMID: 33400933 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sophisticated chain of cellular and molecular episodes during wound healing includes cell migration, cell proliferation, deposition of extracellular matrix, and remodelling and are onerous to replicate. Encapsulation of growth factors (GFs) and Stem cell-based (SCs) has been proclaimed to accelerate healing by transforming every phase associated with wound healing to enhance skin regeneration. Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provides aid in wound fixing, tissue integrity restoration and function of impaired tissue. Several scientific studies have established the essential role GFs in wound healing and their reduced degree in the chronic wound. The overall limitation includes half-life, unfriendly microhabitat abundant with protease, and inadequate delivery approaches results in decreased delivery of effective amounts in a suitable time-based fashion. Advancements in the area of reformative medicine as well as tissue engineering have offered techniques competent of dispensing SCs and GFs in site-oriented manner. The progress in nanotechnology-based approaches attracts researcher to study and evaluate the potential of this SCs and GFs based therapy in chronic wounds. These techniques embrace the polymeric regime viz., nano-formulations, hydrogels, liposomes, scaffolds, nanofibers, metallic nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles and dendrimers that have established better retort through targeting tissues when GFs and SCs are transported via these humans made devices. Assumed the current problems, improvements in delivery approaches and difficulties offered by chronic wounds, we hope to show that encapsulation of SCs and GFs loaded nanoformulations therapies is the rational next step in improving wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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12
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Davaapil H, Shetty DK, Sinha S. Aortic "Disease-in-a-Dish": Mechanistic Insights and Drug Development Using iPSC-Based Disease Modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:550504. [PMID: 33195187 PMCID: PMC7655792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.550504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic diseases, whether sporadic or due to a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome, lack effective medical therapies, with limited translation of treatments that are highly successful in mouse models into the clinic. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to establish new human models of aortic diseases. Here we review the power and potential of these systems to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disease and discuss recent advances, such as gene editing, and smooth muscle cell embryonic lineage. In particular, we discuss the practical aspects of vascular smooth muscle cell derivation and characterization, and provide our personal insights into the challenges and limitations of this approach. Future applications, such as genotype-phenotype association, drug screening, and precision medicine are discussed. We propose that iPSC-derived aortic disease models could guide future clinical trials via “clinical-trials-in-a-dish”, thus paving the way for new and improved therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongorzul Davaapil
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deeti K Shetty
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Sart S, Jeske R, Chen X, Ma T, Li Y. Engineering Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrices: Decellularization, Characterization, and Biological Function. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:402-422. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Department of Genome and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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14
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Zarkesh I, Halvaei M, Ghanian MH, Bagheri F, Sayahpour FA, Azami M, Mohammadi J, Baharvand H, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Scalable and cost-effective generation of osteogenic micro-tissues through the incorporation of inorganic microparticles within mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015021. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab51ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Khalil AS, Yu X, Dang PN, Alsberg E, Murphy WL. A microparticle approach for non-viral gene delivery within 3D human mesenchymal stromal cell aggregates. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:408-417. [PMID: 31004846 PMCID: PMC6888862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates, in comparison to two-dimensional monolayer culture, can provide tissue culture models that better recapitulate the abundant cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions found in vivo. In addition, aggregates are potentially useful building blocks for tissue engineering. However, control over the interior aggregate microenvironment is challenging due to inherent barriers for diffusion of biological mediators (e.g. growth factors) throughout the multicellular aggregates. Previous studies have shown that incorporation of biomaterials into multicellular aggregates can support cell survival and control differentiation of stem cell aggregates by delivering morphogens from within the 3D construct. In this study, we developed a highly efficient microparticle-based gene delivery approach to uniformly transfect human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) within multicellular aggregates and cell sheets. We hypothesized that release of plasmid DNA (pDNA) lipoplexes from mineral-coated microparticles (MCMs) within 3D hMSC constructs would improve transfection in comparison to standard free pDNA lipoplex delivery in the media. Our approach increased transfection efficiency 5-fold over delivery of free pDNA lipoplexes in the media and resulted in homogenous distribution of transfected cells throughout the 3D constructs. Additionally, we found that MCMs improved hMSC transfection by specifically increasing macropinocytosis-mediated uptake of pDNA. Finally, we showed up to a three-fold increase of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression and enhanced calcium deposition within 3D hMSC constructs following MCM-mediated delivery of a BMP-2 encoding plasmid and culture in osteogenic medium. The technology described here provides a valuable tool for achieving efficient and homogenous transfection of 3D cell constructs and is therefore of particular value in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This original research describes a materials-based approach, whereby use of mineral-coated microparticles improves the efficiency of non-viral gene delivery in three-dimensional human mesenchymal stromal cell constructs. Specifically, it demonstrates the use of mineral-coated microparticles to enable highly efficient transfection of human mesenchymal stromal cells in large, 3D culture formats. The manuscript also identifies specific endocytosis pathways that interact with the mineral coating to afford the improved transfection efficiency, as well as demonstrates the utility of this approach toward improving differentiation of large cell constructs. We feel that this manuscript will impact the current understanding and near-term development of materials for non-viral gene delivery in broad tissue engineering and biofabrication applications, and therefore be of interest to a diverse biomaterials audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Phuong N Dang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- AO Foundation Collaborative Research Center, Davos, Switzerland; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; AO Foundation Collaborative Research Center, Davos, Switzerland.
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16
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Li N, Xie T, Sun Y. Towards organogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro: harnessing engineered microenvironment and autonomous behaviors of pluripotent stem cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:574-586. [PMID: 30225509 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00116b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have been attempting to control pluripotent stem cell fate or generate self-organized tissues from stem cells. Advances in bioengineering enable generation of organotypic structures, which capture the cellular components, spatial cell organization and even some functions of tissues or organs in development. However, only a few engineering tools have been utilized to regulate the formation and organization of spatially complex tissues derived from stem cells. Here, we provide a review of recent progress in the culture of organotypic structures in vitro, focusing on how microengineering approaches including geometric confinement, extracellular matrix (ECM) property modulation, spatially controlled biochemical factors, and external forces, can be utilized to generate organotypic structures. Moreover, we will discuss potential technologies that can be applied to further control both soluble and insoluble factors spatiotemporally in vitro. In summary, advanced engineered approaches have a great promise in generating miniaturized tissues and organs in a reproducible fashion, facilitating the cellular and molecular understanding of embryogenesis and morphogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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17
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Kato Y, Matsumoto T, Kino-Oka M. Effect of liquid flow by pipetting during medium change on deformation of hiPSC aggregates. Regen Ther 2019; 12:20-26. [PMID: 31890763 PMCID: PMC6933458 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining the pluripotency and homogeneity of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires stable culture conditions with consistent medium change. In this study, we evaluated the performance of medium change by machine vs. medium change performed manually in terms of their impact on the aggregate shape of hiPSCs. Methods Aggregates of two hiPSC lines (1383D2 and Tic) were cultured, and the medium change was conducted either manually or with a machine. The populational homogeneity in aggregate shape was determined based on the projected aggregate area for size expansion as well as the circularity for spherical morphology. Results In the case of manually performed medium changes, the size of 1383D2 aggregates expanded homogeneously, maintaining its spherical morphology as culture duration increased, while spherical morphology was deformed in Tic aggregates, which had a heterogeneous population in terms of shape. In the case of medium change performed by a machine under a low flux of liquid flow, cultures of both aggregates showed homogeneous populations without deformation, although a high flux led to a heterogeneous population. The heterogeneous population observed in manually performed medium change was caused by the low stability of motion. In addition, time-lapse observation revealed that the Tic aggregates underwent tardive deformation with cellular protrusions from the aggregate surface after medium change with high flux. Histological analysis revealed a spatial heterogeneity of collagen type I inside 1383D2 aggregates, which had a shell structure with strong formation of collagen type I at the periphery of the aggregates, while Tic aggregates did not have a shell structure, suggesting that the shell structure prevented aggregate deformation. Conclusion Medium change by a machine led to a homogeneous population of aggregate shapes. Liquid flow caused tardive deformation of aggregates, but the shell structure of collagen type I in aggregates maintained its spherical shape. Mechanization of medium change leads to homogeneous shape of iPSC aggregates. Tardive change of aggregates was observed. Collagen type I distribution in aggregates induces shell structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzukicho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Wang H, Zhu Y, Chi Y, Dong S. A human embryonic stem cell-based model for benzo[a]pyrene-induced embryotoxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 85:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Torizal FG, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Open Biomed Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874120701913010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintained to obtain a high yield. Various culture systems are currently available for optimum cell propagation by maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell cultivation. Each type of culture system using a different configuration with various advantages and disadvantages affecting the mechanical conditions in the bioreactor, such as shear stress. These factors make it difficult to preserve the cellular viability and pluripotency of PSCs. Additional limitations of the culture system for PSCs must also be identified and overcome to maintain the culture conditions and enable large-scale expansion and differentiation of PSCs. This review describes the different physiological conditions in the various culture systems and recent developments in culture technology for PSC expansion and differentiation.
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20
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Kallas-Kivi A, Trei A, Stepanjuk A, Ruisu K, Kask K, Pooga M, Maimets T. The role of integrin β1 in the heterogeneity of human embryonic stem cells culture. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/11/bio034355. [PMID: 30385434 PMCID: PMC6262870 DOI: 10.1242/bio.034355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the pluripotency of human embryonic stem (hES) cells requires special conditions for culturing. These conditions include specific growth factors containing media and extracellular matrix (ECM) or an appropriate substrate for adhesion. Interactions between the cells and ECM are mediated by integrins, which interact with the components of ECM in active conformation. This study focused on the characterisation of the role of integrin β1 in the adhesion, migration and differentiation of hES cells. Blocking integrin β1 abolished the adhesion of hES cells, decreasing their survival and pluripotency. This effect was in part rescued by the inhibition of RhoA signalling with Y-27632. The presence of Y-27632 increased the migration of hES cells and supported their differentiation into embryoid bodies. The differences in integrin β1 recycling in the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain and in the localisation of TSC2 were observed between the hES cells growing as a single-cell culture and in a colony. The hES cells at the centre and borders of the colony were found to have differences in their morphology, migration and signalling network activity. We concluded that the availability of integrin β1 was essential for the contraction, migration and differentiation ability of hES cells. Summary: The interaction between integrin β1 and the extracellular matrix differs at the centre of the colony and at the periphery, and is crucial for the survival of embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Kallas-Kivi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Trei
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Artjom Stepanjuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Ruisu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keiu Kask
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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21
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Naticchia MR, Laubach LK, Tota EM, Lucas TM, Huang ML, Godula K. Embryonic Stem Cell Engineering with a Glycomimetic FGF2/BMP4 Co-Receptor Drives Mesodermal Differentiation in a Three-Dimensional Culture. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2880-2887. [PMID: 30157624 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface glycans, such as heparan sulfate (HS), are increasingly identified as co-regulators of growth factor signaling in early embryonic development; therefore, chemical tailoring of HS activity within the cellular glycocalyx of stem cells offers an opportunity to control their differentiation. The growth factors FGF2 and BMP4 are involved in mediating the exit of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) from their pluripotent state and their differentiation toward mesodermal cell types, respectively. Here, we report a method for remodeling the glycocalyx of mutant Ext1-/- mESCs with defective biosynthesis of HS to drive their mesodermal differentiation in an embryoid body culture. Lipid-functionalized synthetic HS-mimetic glycopolymers with affinity for both FGF2 and BMP4 were introduced into the plasma membrane of Ext1-/- mESCs, where they acted as functional co-receptors of these growth factors and facilitated signal transduction through associated MAPK and Smad signaling pathways. We demonstrate that these materials can be employed to remodel Ext1-/- mESCs within three-dimensional embryoid body structures, providing enhanced association of BMP4 at the cell surface and driving mesodermal differentiation. As a more complete understanding of the function of HS in regulating development continues to emerge, this simple glycocalyx engineering method is poised to enable precise control over growth factor signaling activity and outcomes of differentiation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Naticchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Logan K. Laubach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Ember M. Tota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Taryn M. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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Comparison of growth kinetics between static and dynamic cultures of human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:736-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Heidariyan Z, Ghanian MH, Ashjari M, Farzaneh Z, Najarasl M, Rezaei Larijani M, Piryaei A, Vosough M, Baharvand H. Efficient and cost-effective generation of hepatocyte-like cells through microparticle-mediated delivery of growth factors in a 3D culture of human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 159:174-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Agbay A, De La Vega L, Nixon G, Willerth S. Guggulsterone-releasing microspheres direct the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into neural phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034104. [PMID: 29368696 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaaa77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder, results from the loss of motor function when dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the brain selectively degenerate. While pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) show promise for generating replacement neurons, current protocols for generating terminally differentiated DNs require a complicated cocktail of factors. Recent work demonstrated that a naturally occurring steroid called guggulsterone effectively differentiated PSCs into DNs, simplifying this process. In this study, we encapsulated guggulsterone into novel poly-ε-caprolactone-based microspheres and characterized its release profile over 44 d in vitro, demonstrating we can control its release over time. These guggulsterone-releasing microspheres were also successfully incorporated in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cellular aggregates under feeder-free and xeno-free conditions and cultured for 20 d to determine their effect on differentiation. All cultures stained positive for the early neuronal marker TUJ1 and guggulsterone microsphere-incorporated aggregates did not adversely affect neurite length and branching. Guggulsterone microsphere incorporated aggregates exhibited the highest levels of TUJ1 expression as well as high Olig 2 expression, an inhibitor of the STAT3 astrogenesis pathway previously known as a target for guggulsterone in cancer treatment. Together, this study represents an important first step towards engineered neural tissues consisting of guggulsterone microspheres and PSCs for generating DNs that could eventually be evaluated in a pre-clinical model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Agbay
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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25
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Nath SC, Tokura T, Kim M, Kino‐oka M. Botulinum hemagglutinin‐mediated in situ break‐up of human induced pluripotent stem cell aggregates for high‐density suspension culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:910-920. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman C. Nath
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Tokura
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
- Fujimori Kogyo Co. Ltd.ShinjukuTokyoJapan
| | - Mee‐Hae Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Masahiro Kino‐oka
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
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26
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Xie AW, Binder BYK, Khalil AS, Schmitt SK, Johnson HJ, Zacharias NA, Murphy WL. Controlled Self-assembly of Stem Cell Aggregates Instructs Pluripotency and Lineage Bias. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14070. [PMID: 29070799 PMCID: PMC5656593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived organoids and other 3D microtissues offer enormous potential as models for drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Formation of stem/progenitor cell aggregates is common in biomanufacturing processes and critical to many organoid approaches. However, reproducibility of current protocols is limited by reliance on poorly controlled processes (e.g., spontaneous aggregation). Little is known about the effects of aggregation parameters on cell behavior, which may have implications for the production of cell aggregates and organoids. Here we introduce a bioengineered platform of labile substrate arrays that enable simple, scalable generation of cell aggregates via a controllable 2D-to-3D "self-assembly". As a proof-of-concept, we show that labile substrates generate size- and shape-controlled embryoid bodies (EBs) and can be easily modified to control EB self-assembly kinetics. We show that aggregation method instructs EB lineage bias, with faster aggregation promoting pluripotency loss and ectoderm, and slower aggregation favoring mesoderm and endoderm. We also find that aggregation kinetics of EBs markedly influence EB structure, with slower kinetics resulting in increased EB porosity and growth factor signaling. Our findings suggest that controlling internal structure of cell aggregates by modifying aggregation kinetics is a potential strategy for improving 3D microtissue models for research and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Bernard Y K Binder
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Samantha K Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Hunter J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Nicholas A Zacharias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
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27
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Martewicz S, Serena E, Zatti S, Keller G, Elvassore N. Substrate and mechanotransduction influence SERCA2a localization in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes affecting functional performance. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:107-114. [PMID: 29125993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical cues are major determinants of cellular phenotype and evoke physiological and pathological responses on cell structure and function. Cellular models aim to recapitulate basic functional features of their in vivo counterparts or tissues in order to be of use in in vitro disease modeling or drug screening and testing. Understanding how culture systems affect in vitro development of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derivatives allows optimization of cellular human models and gives insight in the processes involved in their structural organization and function. In this work, we show involvement of the mechanotransduction pathway RhoA/ROCK in the structural reorganization of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes after adhesion plating. These structural changes have a major impact on the intracellular localization of SERCA2 pumps and concurrent improvement in calcium cycling. The process is triggered by cell interaction with the culture substrate, which mechanical cues drive sarcomeric alignment and SERCA2a spreading and relocalization from a perinuclear to a whole-cell distribution. This structural reorganization is mediated by the mechanical properties of the substrate, as shown by the process failure in hPSC-CMs cultured on soft 4kPa hydrogels as opposed to physiologically stiff 16kPa hydrogels and glass. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) by different compounds identifies this specific signaling pathway as a major player in SERCA2 localization and the associated improvement in hPSC-CMs calcium handling ability in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martewicz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elena Serena
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Susi Zatti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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28
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Ahrens CC, Dong Z, Li W. Engineering cell aggregates through incorporated polymeric microparticles. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:64-81. [PMID: 28782721 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo cell aggregates must overcome significant limitations in the transport of nutrients, drugs, and signaling proteins compared to vascularized native tissue. Further, engineered extracellular environments often fail to sufficiently replicate tethered signaling cues and the complex architecture of native tissue. Co-cultures of cells with microparticles (MPs) is a growing field directed towards overcoming many of these challenges by providing local and controlled presentation of both soluble and tethered proteins and small molecules. Further, co-cultured MPs offer a mechanism to better control aggregate architecture and even to report key characteristics of the local microenvironment such as pH or oxygen levels. Herein, we provide a brief introduction to established and developing strategies for MP production including the choice of MP materials, fabrication techniques, and techniques for incorporating additional functionality. In all cases, we emphasize the specific utility of each approach to form MPs useful for applications in cell aggregate co-culture. We review established techniques to integrate cells and MPs. We highlight those strategies that promote targeted heterogeneity or homogeneity, and we describe approaches to engineer cell-particle and particle-particle interactions that enhance aggregate stability and biological response. Finally, we review advances in key application areas of MP aggregates and future areas of development. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT Cell-scaled polymer microparticles (MPs) integrated into cellular aggregates have been shown to be a powerful tool to direct cell response. MPs have supported the development of healthy cartilage, islets, nerves, and vasculature by the maintenance of soluble gradients as well as by the local presentation of tethered cues and diffusing proteins and small molecules. MPs integrated with pluripotent stem cells have directed in vivo expansion and differentiation. Looking forward, MPs are expected to support both the characterization and development of in vitro tissue systems for applications such as drug testing platforms. However, useful co-cultures must be designed keeping in mind the limitations and attributes of each material strategy within the context of the overall tissue biology. The present review integrates prospectives from materials development, drug delivery, and tissue engineering to provide a toolbox for the development and application of MPs useful for long-term co-culture within cell aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Ahrens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Ziye Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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29
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Sart S, Bejoy J, Li Y. Characterization of 3D pluripotent stem cell aggregates and the impact of their properties on bioprocessing. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Pompano RR, Chiang AH, Kastrup CJ, Ismagilov RF. Conceptual and Experimental Tools to Understand Spatial Effects and Transport Phenomena in Nonlinear Biochemical Networks Illustrated with Patchy Switching. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86:333-356. [PMID: 28654324 PMCID: PMC10852032 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many biochemical systems are spatially heterogeneous and exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as state switching in response to small changes in the local concentration of diffusible molecules. Systems as varied as blood clotting, intracellular calcium signaling, and tissue inflammation are all heavily influenced by the balance of rates of reaction and mass transport phenomena including flow and diffusion. Transport of signaling molecules is also affected by geometry and chemoselective confinement via matrix binding. In this review, we use a phenomenon referred to as patchy switching to illustrate the interplay of nonlinearities, transport phenomena, and spatial effects. Patchy switching describes a change in the state of a network when the local concentration of a diffusible molecule surpasses a critical threshold. Using patchy switching as an example, we describe conceptual tools from nonlinear dynamics and chemical engineering that make testable predictions and provide a unifying description of the myriad possible experimental observations. We describe experimental microfluidic and biochemical tools emerging to test conceptual predictions by controlling transport phenomena and spatial distribution of diffusible signals, and we highlight the unmet need for in vivo tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904;
| | - Andrew H Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637;
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Rustem F Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125;
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31
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Nath SC, Horie M, Nagamori E, Kino-Oka M. Size- and time-dependent growth properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells in the culture of single aggregate. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:469-475. [PMID: 28601606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregate culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising method to obtain high number of cells for cell therapy applications. This study quantitatively evaluated the effects of initial cell number and culture time on the growth of hiPSCs in the culture of single aggregate. Small size aggregates ((1.1 ± 0.4) × 101-(2.8 ± 0.5) × 101 cells/aggregate) showed a lower growth rate in comparison to medium size aggregates ((8.8 ± 0.8) × 101-(6.8 ± 1.1) × 102 cells/aggregate) during early-stage of culture (24-72 h). However, when small size aggregates were cultured in conditioned medium, their growth rate increased significantly. On the other hand, large size aggregates ((1.1 ± 0.2) × 103-(3.5 ± 1.1) × 103 cells/aggregate) showed a lower growth rate and lower expression level of proliferation marker (ki-67) in the center region of aggregate in comparison to medium size aggregate during early-stage of culture. Medium size aggregates showed the highest growth rate during early-stage of culture. Furthermore, hiPSCs proliferation was dependent on culture time because the growth rate decreased significantly during late-stage of culture (72-120 h) at which point collagen type I accumulated on the periphery of aggregate, suggesting blockage of diffusive transport of nutrients, oxygen and metabolites into and out of the aggregates. Consideration of initial cell number and culture time are important to maintain balance between autocrine factors secretion and extracellular matrix accumulation on the aggregate periphery to achieve optimal growth of hiPSCs in the culture of single aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Nagamori
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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32
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Leino M, Astrand C, Hughes-Brittain N, Robb B, McKean R, Chotteau V. Human embryonic stem cell dispersion in electrospun PCL fiber scaffolds by coating with laminin-521 and E-cadherin-Fc. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1226-1236. [PMID: 28577328 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in human pluripotent cell cultivation and differentiation protocols have led to production of stem cell-derived progenitors as a promising cell source for replacement therapy. Three-dimensional (3-D) culture is a better mimic of the natural niche for stem cells and is widely used for disease modeling. Here, we describe a nonaggregate culture system of human embryonic stem cells inside electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds combined with defined extracellular proteins naturally occurring in the stem cell niche. PCL fiber scaffolds coated with recombinant human laminin-521 readily supported initial stem cell attachment and growth from a single-cell suspension. The combination of recombinant E-cadherin-Fc and laminin-521 further improved cell dispersion rendering a uniform cell population. Finally, we showed that the cells cultured in E-cadherin-Fc- and laminin-521-coated PCL scaffolds could differentiate into all three germ layers. Importantly, we provided a chemically defined 3-D system in which pluripotent stem cells grown and differentiated avoiding the formation of cell aggregates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1226-1236, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Leino
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group (CETEG), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Astrand
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group (CETEG), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nanayaa Hughes-Brittain
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, R70 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Brendan Robb
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, R70 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Robert McKean
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, R70 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Véronique Chotteau
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group (CETEG), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Bioprocessing, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Griffin FE, Schiavi J, McDevitt TC, McGarry JP, McNamara LM. The role of adhesion junctions in the biomechanical behaviour and osteogenic differentiation of 3D mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. J Biomech 2017; 59:71-79. [PMID: 28577903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be regulated by the mechanical environment. MSCs grown in 3D spheroids (mesenspheres) have preserved multi-lineage potential, improved differentiation efficiency, and exhibit enhanced osteogenic gene expression and matrix composition in comparison to MSCs grown in 2D culture. Within 3D mesenspheres, mechanical cues are primarily in the form of cell-cell contraction, mediated by adhesion junctions, and as such adhesion junctions are likely to play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenspheres. However the precise role of N- and OB-cadherin on the biomechanical behaviour of mesenspheres remains unknown. Here we have mechanically tested mesenspheres cultured in suspension using parallel plate compression to assess the influence of N-cadherin and OB-cadherin adhesion junctions on the viscoelastic properties of the mesenspheres during osteogenesis. Our results demonstrate that N-cadherin and OB-cadherin have different effects on mesensphere viscoelastic behaviour and osteogenesis. When OB-cadherin was silenced, the viscosity, initial and long term Young's moduli and actin stress fibre formation of the mesenspheres increased in comparison to N-cadherin silenced mesenspheres and mesenspheres treated with a scrambled siRNA (Scram) at day 2. Additionally, the increased viscoelastic material properties correlate with evidence of calcification at an earlier time point (day 7) of OB-cadherin silenced mesenspheres but not Scram. Interestingly, both N-cadherin and OB-cadherin silenced mesenspheres had higher BSP2 expression than Scram at day 14. Taken together, these results indicate that N-cadherin and OB-cadherin both influence mesensphere biomechanics and osteogenesis, but play different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Griffin
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Schiavi
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - T C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - J P McGarry
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Fibrin hydrogels induce mixed dorsal/ventral spinal neuron identities during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:237-245. [PMID: 28088670 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that generating spinal motor neurons (sMNs) from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural aggregates (NAs) using a chemically-defined differentiation protocol would be more effective inside of 3D fibrin hydrogels compared to 2D poly-L-ornithine(PLO)/laminin-coated tissue culture plastic surfaces. We performed targeted RNA-Seq using next generation sequencing to determine the substrate-specific differences in gene expression that regulate cell phenotype. Cells cultured on both substrates expressed sMN genes CHAT and MNX1, though persistent WNT signaling contributed to a higher expression of genes associated with interneurons in NAs cultured in 3D fibrin scaffolds. Cells in fibrin also expressed lower levels of astrocyte progenitor genes and higher levels of the neuronal-specific gene TUBB3, suggesting a purer population of neurons compared to 2D cultures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fibrin scaffolds can support the neuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. This study provides insight into how fibrin hydrogels affect neuronal induction by analyzing of the signaling pathways activated during the differentiation process. These insights can then be used to tailor the properties of these hydrogels to optimize the generation of sMNs for regenerative medicine applications.
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35
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Fu J, Wiraja C, Chong R, Xu C, Wang DA. Real-time and non-invasive monitoring of embryonic stem cell survival during the development of embryoid bodies with smart nanosensor. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:358-367. [PMID: 27845273 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived embryoid body (EB) is a powerful model for the study of early embryonic development and the discovery of therapeutics for tissue regeneration. This article reports a smart nanosensor platform for labeling and tracking the survival and distribution of ESCs during the EB development in a real-time and non-invasive way. Compared with the cell tracker (i.e. DiO) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP), nanosensors provide the homogenous and highly-efficient ESC labeling. Following the internalization, intracellular nanosensors gradually release the non-fluorescent molecules that become fluorescent only in viable cells. This allows a continuous monitoring of ESC survival and distribution during the process of EB formation. Finally, we confirm that nanosensor labeling does not cause the significant influences to biological properties of the ESCs and EBs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The distribution pattern of viable embryonic stem cells (ESCs) within embryoid body (EB) is closely related with the maturation of EBs. Noninvasive and real-time monitoring of viable ESC distribution in EBs would allow researchers to optimize the culturing condition in time during the EB development and to select the suitable EBs for subsequent applications.
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36
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Bauwens CL, Toms D, Ungrin M. Aggregate Size Optimization in Microwells for Suspension-based Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768032 PMCID: PMC5092056 DOI: 10.3791/54308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stems cells (hPSCs) is typically carried out in suspension cell aggregates. Conventional aggregate formation of hPSCs involves dissociating cell colonies into smaller clumps, with size control of the clumps crudely controlled by pipetting the cell suspension until the desired clump size is achieved. One of the main challenges of conventional aggregate-based cardiac differentiation of hPSCs is that culture heterogeneity and spatial disorganization lead to variable and inefficient cardiomyocyte yield. We and others have previously reported that human embryonic stem cell (hESC) aggregate size can be modulated to optimize cardiac induction efficiency. We have addressed this challenge by employing a scalable, microwell-based approach to control physical parameters of aggregate formation, specifically aggregate size and shape. The method we describe here consists of forced aggregation of defined hPSC numbers in microwells, and the subsequent culture of these aggregates in conditions that direct cardiac induction. This protocol can be readily scaled depending on the size and number of wells used. Using this method, we can consistently achieve culture outputs with cardiomyocyte frequencies greater than 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine L Bauwens
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary;
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Esfandiari F, Mashinchian O, Ashtiani MK, Ghanian MH, Hayashi K, Saei AA, Mahmoudi M, Baharvand H. Possibilities in Germ Cell Research: An Engineering Insight. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:735-746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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Nascimento IC, Glaser T, Nery AA, Pillat MM, Pesquero JB, Ulrich H. Kinin-B1 and B2 receptor activity in proliferation and neural phenotype determination of mouse embryonic stem cells. Cytometry A 2015; 87:989-1000. [PMID: 26243460 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The kinins bradykinin and des-arg(9) -bradykinin cleaved from kininogen precursors by kallikreins exert their biological actions by stimulating kinin-B2 and B1 receptors, respectively. In vitro models of neural differentiation such as P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and neural progenitor cells have suggested the involvement of B2 receptors in neural differentiation and phenotype determination; however, the involvement of B1 receptors in these processes has not been established. Here, we show that B1 and B2 receptors are differentially expressed in mouse embryonic E14Tg2A stem cells undergoing neural differentiation. Proliferation and differentiation assays, performed in the presence of receptor subtype-selective agonists and antagonists, revealed that B1 receptor activity is required for the proliferation of embryonic and differentiating cells as well as for neuronal maturation at later stages of differentiation, while the B2 receptor acts on neural phenotype choice, promoting neurogenesis over gliogenesis. Besides the elucidation of bradykinin functions in an in vitro model reflecting early embryogenesis and neurogenesis, this study contributes to the understanding of B1 receptor functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis C Nascimento
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur A Nery
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João B Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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39
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Gomez JC, Edgar JM, Agbay AM, Bibault E, Montgomery A, Mohtaram NK, Willerth SM. Incorporation of Retinoic Acid Releasing Microspheres into Pluripotent Stem Cell Aggregates for Inducing Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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40
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Matsa E, Burridge PW, Wu JC. Human stem cells for modeling heart disease and for drug discovery. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:239ps6. [PMID: 24898747 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A major research focus in the field of cardiovascular medicine is the prospect of using stem cells and progenitor cells for cardiac regeneration. With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, major efforts are also underway to use iPSCs to model heart disease, to screen for new drugs, and to test candidate drugs for cardiotoxicity. Here, we discuss recent advances in the exciting fields of stem cells and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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41
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Baird MA, Yan Y, Rosenberg JT, Ma T, Grant SC, Li Y. Intracellular labeling of mouse embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitor aggregates with micron-sized particles of iron oxide. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Delalat B, Goreham RV, Vasilev K, Harding FJ, Voelcker NH. Subtle Changes in Surface Chemistry Affect Embryoid Body Cell Differentiation: Lessons Learnt from Surface-Bound Amine Density Gradients. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1715-25. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Delalat
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Renee V. Goreham
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Frances J. Harding
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
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43
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Kozhich OA, Hamilton RS, Mallon BS. Standardized generation and differentiation of neural precursor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:531-6. [PMID: 22388559 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise, robust and scalable directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an important goal with respect to disease modeling or future therapies. Using the AggreWell™400 system we have standardized the differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells to a neuronal fate using defined conditions. This allows reproducibility in replicate experiments and facilitates the direct comparison of cell lines. Since the starting point for EB formation is a single cell suspension, this protocol is suitable for standard and novel methods of pluripotent stem cell culture. Moreover, an intermediate population of neural precursor cells, which are routinely >95% NCAM(pos) and Tra-1-60(neg) by FACS analysis, may be expanded and frozen prior to differentiation allowing a convenient starting point for downstream experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Kozhich
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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44
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Kinney MA, Saeed R, McDevitt TC. Mesenchymal morphogenesis of embryonic stem cells dynamically modulates the biophysical microtissue niche. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4290. [PMID: 24598818 PMCID: PMC3944369 DOI: 10.1038/srep04290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell fate and function are dynamically modulated by the interdependent relationships between biochemical and biophysical signals constituting the local 3D microenvironment. While approaches to recapitulate the stem cell niche have been explored for directing stem cell differentiation, a quantitative relationship between embryonic stem cell (ESC) morphogenesis and intrinsic biophysical cues within three-dimensional microtissues has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that mesenchymal embryonic microtissues induced by BMP4 exhibited increased stiffness and viscosity accompanying differentiation, with cytoskeletal tension significantly contributing to multicellular stiffness. Perturbation of the cytoskeleton during ESC differentiation led to modulation of the biomechanical and gene expression profiles, with the resulting cell phenotype and biophysical properties being highly correlated by multivariate analyses. Together, this study elucidates the dynamics of biophysical and biochemical signatures within embryonic microenvironments, with broad implications for monitoring tissue dynamics, modeling pathophysiological and embryonic morphogenesis and directing stem cell patterning and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Kinney
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabbia Saeed
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- 1] The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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45
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Wilson JL, Suri S, Singh A, Rivet CA, Lu H, McDevitt TC. Single-cell analysis of embryoid body heterogeneity using microfluidic trapping array. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:79-90. [PMID: 24085533 PMCID: PMC3945678 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells as embryoid bodies (EBs) remains a common method for inducing differentiation toward many lineages. However, differentiation via EBs typically yields a significant amount of heterogeneity in the cell population, as most cells differentiate simultaneously toward different lineages, while others remain undifferentiated. Moreover, physical parameters, such as the size of EBs, can modulate the heterogeneity of differentiated phenotypes due to the establishment of nutrient and oxygen gradients. One of the challenges in examining the cellular composition of EBs is the lack of analytical methods that are capable of determining the phenotype of all of the individual cells that comprise a single EB. Therefore, the objective of this work was to examine the ability of a microfluidic cell trapping array to analyze the heterogeneity of cells comprising EBs during the course of early differentiation. The heterogeneity of single cell phenotype on the basis of protein expression of the pluripotent transcription factor OCT-4 was examined for populations of EBs and single EBs of different sizes at distinct stages of differentiation. Results from the cell trap device were compared with flow cytometry and whole mount immunostaining. Additionally, single cells from dissociated pooled EBs or individual EBs were examined separately to discern potential differences in the value or variance of expression between the different methods of analysis. Overall, the analytical method described represents a novel approach for evaluating how heterogeneity is manifested in EB cultures and may be used in the future to assess the kinetics and patterns of differentiation in addition to the loss of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Wilson
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shalu Suri
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine A. Rivet
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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46
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Kinney MA, Hookway TA, Wang Y, McDevitt TC. Engineering three-dimensional stem cell morphogenesis for the development of tissue models and scalable regenerative therapeutics. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:352-67. [PMID: 24297495 PMCID: PMC3939035 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The physiochemical stem cell microenvironment regulates the delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation. The three-dimensional assembly of stem cells facilitates cellular interactions that promote morphogenesis, analogous to the multicellular, heterotypic tissue organization that accompanies embryogenesis. Therefore, expansion and differentiation of stem cells as multicellular aggregates provides a controlled platform for studying the biological and engineering principles underlying spatiotemporal morphogenesis and tissue patterning. Moreover, three-dimensional stem cell cultures are amenable to translational screening applications and therapies, which underscores the broad utility of scalable suspension cultures across laboratory and clinical scales. In this review, we discuss stem cell morphogenesis in the context of fundamental biophysical principles, including the three-dimensional modulation of adhesions, mechanics, and molecular transport and highlight the opportunities to employ stem cell spheroids for tissue modeling, bioprocessing, and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Kinney
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tracy A. Hookway
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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47
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Sinha S, Iyer D, Granata A. Embryonic origins of human vascular smooth muscle cells: implications for in vitro modeling and clinical application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2271-88. [PMID: 24442477 PMCID: PMC4031394 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) arise from multiple origins during development, raising the possibility that differences in embryological origins between SMCs could contribute to site-specific localization of vascular diseases. In this review, we first examine the developmental pathways and embryological origins of vascular SMCs and then discuss in vitro strategies for deriving SMCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We then review in detail the potential for vascular disease modeling using iPSC-derived SMCs and consider the pathological implications of heterogeneous embryonic origins. Finally, we touch upon the role of human ESC-derived SMCs in therapeutic revascularization and the challenges remaining before regenerative medicine using ESC- or iPSC-derived cells comes of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK,
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48
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Bauwens CL, Ungrin MD. Scalable cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells as microwell-generated, size controlled three-dimensional aggregates. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1181:15-25. [PMID: 25070323 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1047-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of cells into more physiologically relevant three-dimensional multicellular aggregates is an important technique for the differentiation and manipulation of stem cells and their progeny. As industrial and clinical applications for these cells increase, it will be necessary to execute this procedure in a readily scalable format. We present here a method employing microwells to generate large numbers of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates and control their subsequent differentiation towards a cardiac fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine L Bauwens
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, 100 College Street, Room 508, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L5, Canada,
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49
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Gordeeva OF. Cytotoxic effects of etoposide at different stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells. Russ J Dev Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360413060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Sart S, Ma T, Li Y. Extracellular matrices decellularized from embryonic stem cells maintained their structure and signaling specificity. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:54-66. [PMID: 23848515 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) emerge as a promising tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines due to their extensive self-renewal ability and the capacity to give rise to cells from all three-germ layers. ESCs also secrete a large amount of endogenous extracellular matrices (ECMs), which play an important role in regulating ESC self-renewal, lineage commitment, and tissue morphogenesis. ECMs derived from ESCs have a broader signaling capacity compared to somatic ECMs and are predicted to have a lower risk of tumor formation associated with ESCs. In this study, ECMs from undifferentiated ESC monolayers, undifferentiated aggregates, or differentiated embryoid bodies at different developmental stages and lineage specifications were decellularized and their capacities to direct ESC proliferation and differentiation were characterized. The results demonstrate that the ESC-derived ECMs were able to influence ESC proliferation and differentiation by direct interactions with the cells and by influencing the signaling functions of the regulatory macromolecules such as retinoic acid. Such matrices have the potential to present regulatory signals to direct lineage- and development-specific cellular responses for in vitro applications or cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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