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Mammana M, Bonis A, Verzeletti V, Dell'Amore A, Rea F. Tracheal Tissue Engineering: Principles and State of the Art. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:198. [PMID: 38391684 PMCID: PMC10886658 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by long-segment tracheal defects or stenoses represent an unsolved surgical issue, since they cannot be treated with the conventional surgery of tracheal resection and consequent anastomosis. Hence, different strategies for tracheal replacement have been proposed (synthetic materials, aortic allografts, transplantation, autologous tissue composites, and tissue engineering), each with advantages and drawbacks. Tracheal tissue engineering, on the other hand, aims at recreating a fully functional tracheal substitute, without the need for the patient to receive lifelong immunosuppression or endotracheal stents. Tissue engineering approaches involve the use of a scaffold, stem cells, and humoral signals. This paper reviews the main aspects of tracheal TE, starting from the choice of the scaffold to the type of stem cells that can be used to seed the scaffold, the methods for their culture and expansion, the issue of graft revascularization at the moment of in vivo implantation, and experimental models of tracheal research. Moreover, a critical insight on the state of the art of tracheal tissue engineering is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mammana
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonis
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verzeletti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Dell'Amore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Zhou KX, Aoki FG, Marin A, Karoubi G, Haykal S, Waddell TK. De-Epithelialization Protocol with Tapered Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Concentrations Enhances Short-Term Chondrocyte Survival in Porcine Chimeric Tracheal Allografts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL STUDENTS 2023. [DOI: 10.5195/ijms.2023.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tracheal transplantation is indicated in cases where injury exceeds 50% of the organ in adults and 30% in children. However, transplantation is not yet considered a viable treatment option partly due to high morbidity and mortality associated with graft rejection. Recently, decellularization (decell) has been explored as a technique for creating bioengineered tracheal grafts. However, risk of post-operative stenosis increases due to the death of chondrocytes, which are critical to maintain the biochemical and mechanical integrity of tracheal cartilage. In this project, we propose a new de-epithelialization protocol that adequately removes epithelial, mucosal, and submucosal cells while maintaining a greater proportion of viable chondrocytes.
Methods: The trachea of adult male outbred Yorkshire pigs were extracted, decontaminated, and decellularized according to the original and new protocols before incubation at 37 °C in DMEM for 10 days. Chondrocyte viability was quantified immediately following post-decellularization and on days 1, 4, 7, and 10. Histology was performed pre-decellularization, post-decellularization, and post-incubation.
Results: The new protocol showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in chondrocyte viability up to four days after de-ep when compared to the original protocol. We also found that the new protocol preserves ECM composition to a similar degree as the original protocol. When scaffolds created using the new protocol were re-epithelialized, cell growth curves were near identical to published data from the original protocol.
Conclusion: While not without limitations, our new protocol may be used to engineer chimeric tracheal allografts without the need for cartilage regeneration.
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Han H, Jang J. Recent advances in biofabricated gut models to understand the gut-brain axis in neurological diseases. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:931411. [PMID: 36188186 PMCID: PMC9515506 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.931411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has accumulated that gut microbiome dysbiosis could be linked to neurological diseases, including both neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. With the high prevalence of neurological diseases, there is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms between the microbiome, gut, and brain. However, the standardized aniikmal models for these studies have critical disadvantages for their translation into clinical application, such as limited physiological relevance due to interspecies differences and difficulty interpreting causality from complex systemic interactions. Therefore, alternative in vitro gut–brain axis models are highly required to understand their related pathophysiology and set novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we outline state-of-the-art biofabrication technologies for modeling in vitro human intestines. Existing 3D gut models are categorized according to their topographical and anatomical similarities to the native gut. In addition, we deliberate future research directions to develop more functional in vitro intestinal models to study the gut–brain axis in neurological diseases rather than simply recreating the morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hohyeon Han
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Correspondence: Jinah Jang
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Drochon A, Lesieur R, Durand M. Fluid dynamics characterisation of a rotating bioreactor for tissue engineering. Med Eng Phys 2022; 105:103831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shahraki S, Bideskan AE, Aslzare M, Tavakkoli M, Bahrami AR, Hosseinian S, Matin MM, Rad AK. Renal bioengineering with scaffolds prepared from discarded human kidneys by human mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2021; 295:120167. [PMID: 34822795 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Regeneration of discarded human kidneys has been considered as an ideal approach to overcome organ shortage for the end-stage renal diseases (ESRDs). The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for preparation of kidney scaffolds that retain the matrix structure required for proliferation and importantly, differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAd-MSCs) into renal cells. MAIN METHODS we first compared two different methods using triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for human kidney decellularization; and characterized developed human renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. Then, hAd-MSCs were seeded on human decellularized kidney scaffolds and cultured for up to 3 weeks. Next, viability, proliferation, and migration of seeded hAd-MSCs within the scaffolds, underwent histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessments. Moreover, differentiation of hAd-MSCs into kidney-specific cell types was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and qRT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that triton X-100 was a more effective detergent for decellularization of human kidneys compared with SDS. Moreover, attachment and proliferation of hAd-MSCs within the recellularized human kidney scaffolds, were confirmed. Seeded cells expressed epithelial and endothelial differentiation markers, and qRT-PCR results indicated increased expression of platelet and endothelial cell adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1), paired box 2 (PAX2), and e-cadherine (E-CDH) as factors required for differentiation of hAd-MSCs into epithelial and endothelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE These observations indicate effectiveness of decellularization by triton X-100 to generate suitable human ECM renal scaffolds, which supported adhesion and proliferation of hAd-MSCs and could induce their differentiation towards a renal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shahraki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Aslzare
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavakkoli
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseinian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Woodall MNJ, Masonou T, Case K, Smith CM. Human models for COVID-19 research. J Physiol 2021; 599:4255-4267. [PMID: 34287894 PMCID: PMC8447334 DOI: 10.1113/jp281499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, therapeutics for COVID-19 are limited. To overcome this, it is important that we use physiologically relevant models to reproduce the pathology of infection and evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs. Models of airway infection, including the use of a human infection challenge model or well-defined, disease relevant in vitro systems can help determine the key components that perpetuate the severity of the disease. Here, we briefly review the human models that are currently being used in COVID-19 research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tereza Masonou
- GOS Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Claire M. Smith
- GOS Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Ajiteru O, Choi KY, Lim TH, Kim DY, Hong H, Lee YJ, Lee JS, Lee H, Suh YJ, Sultan MT, Lee OJ, Kim SH, Park CH. A digital light processing 3D printed magnetic bioreactor system using silk magnetic bioink. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33887719 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abfaee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among various bioreactors used in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, a magnetic bioreactor is more capable of providing steady force to the cells while avoiding direct manipulation of the materials. However, most of them are complex and difficult to fabricate, with drawbacks in terms of consistency and biocompatibility. In this study, a magnetic bioreactor system and a magnetic hydrogel were manufactured by single-stage three-dimensional (3D) printing with digital light processing (DLP) technique for differentiation of myoblast cells. The hydrogel was composed of a magnetic part containing iron oxide and glycidyl-methacrylated silk fibroin, and a cellular part printed by adding mouse myoblast cell (C2C12) to gelatin glycidyl methacrylate, that was placed in the magnetic bioreactor system to stimulate the cells in the hydrogel. The composite hydrogel was steadily printed by a one-stage layering technique using a DLP printer. The magnetic bioreactor offered mechanical stretching of the cells in the hydrogel in 3D ways, so that the cellular differentiation could be executed in three dimensions just like the human environment. Cell viability, as well as gene expression using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, were assessed after magneto-mechanical stimulation of the myoblast cell-embedded hydrogel in the magnetic bioreactor system. Comparison with the control group revealed that the magnetic bioreactor system accelerated differentiation of mouse myoblast cells in the hydrogel and increased myotube diameter and lengthin vitro. The DLP-printed magnetic bioreactor and the hydrogel were simply manufactured and easy-to-use, providing an efficient environment for applying noninvasive mechanical force via FDA-approved silk fibroin and iron oxide biocomposite hydrogel, to stimulate cells without any evidence of cytotoxicity, demonstrating the potential for application in muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji Ajiteru
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Lim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Hong
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seung Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Suh
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tipu Sultan
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hee Kim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Marin-Araujo AE, Aoki FG, Haykal S, Waddell TK, Amon CH, Romero DA, Karoubi G. Computational fluid dynamics for enhanced tracheal bioreactor design and long-segment graft recellularization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1187. [PMID: 33441927 PMCID: PMC7807076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful re-epithelialization of de-epithelialized tracheal scaffolds remains a challenge for tracheal graft success. Currently, the lack of understanding of the bioreactor hydrodynamic environment, and its relation to cell seeding outcomes, serve as major obstacles to obtaining viable tracheal grafts. In this work, we used computational fluid dynamics to (a) re-design the fluid delivery system of a trachea bioreactor to promote a spatially uniform hydrodynamic environment, and (b) improve the perfusion cell seeding protocol to promote homogeneous cell deposition. Lagrangian particle-tracking simulations showed that low rates of rotation provide more uniform circumferential and longitudinal patterns of cell deposition, while higher rates of rotation only improve circumferential uniformity but bias cell deposition proximally. Validation experiments with human bronchial epithelial cells confirm that the model accurately predicts cell deposition in low shear stress environments. We used the acquired knowledge from our particle tracking model, as a guide for long-term tracheal repopulation studies. Cell repopulation using conditions resulting in low wall shear stress enabled enhanced re-epithelialization of long segment tracheal grafts. While our work focuses on tracheal regeneration, lessons learned in this study, can be applied to culturing of any tissue engineered tubular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankyu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Alba E Marin-Araujo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Fabio G Aoki
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, R. Talim, 330, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cristina H Amon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - David A Romero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Boys AJ, Barron SL, Tilev D, Owens RM. Building Scaffolds for Tubular Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589960. [PMID: 33363127 PMCID: PMC7758256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow organs and tissue systems drive various functions in the body. Many of these hollow or tubular systems, such as vasculature, the intestines, and the trachea, are common targets for tissue engineering, given their relevance to numerous diseases and body functions. As the field of tissue engineering has developed, numerous benchtop models have been produced as platforms for basic science and drug testing. Production of tubular scaffolds for different tissue engineering applications possesses many commonalities, such as the necessity for producing an intact tubular opening and for formation of semi-permeable epithelia or endothelia. As such, the field has converged on a series of manufacturing techniques for producing these structures. In this review, we discuss some of the most common tissue engineered applications within the context of tubular tissues and the methods by which these structures can be produced. We provide an overview of the general structure and anatomy for these tissue systems along with a series of general design criteria for tubular tissue engineering. We categorize methods for manufacturing tubular scaffolds as follows: casting, electrospinning, rolling, 3D printing, and decellularization. We discuss state-of-the-art models within the context of vascular, intestinal, and tracheal tissue engineering. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future for these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tresoldi C, Pacheco DP, Formenti E, Pellegata AF, Mantero S, Petrini P. Shear-resistant hydrogels to control permeability of porous tubular scaffolds in vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110035. [PMID: 31546369 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to perfuse porous tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering (VTE) with controlled flow rate, prevention of leakage through the scaffold lumen is required. A gel coating made of 8% w/v alginate and 6% w/v gelatin functionalized with fibronectin was produced using a custom-made bioreactor-based method. Different volumetric proportions of alginate and gelatin were tested (50/50, 70/30, and 90/10). Gel swelling and stability, and rheological, and uniaxial tensile tests reveal superior resistance to the aggressive biochemical microenvironment, and their ability to withstand physiological deformations (~10%) and wall shear stresses (5-20 dyne/cm2). These are prerequisites to maintain the physiologic phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells (ECs), mimicking blood vessels microenvironment. Gels can induce ECs proliferation and colonization, especially in the presence of fibronectin and higher percentages of gelatin. The custom-designed bioreactor enables the development of reproducible and homogeneous tubular gel coating. The permeability tests show the effectiveness of tubular scaffolds coated with 70/30 alginate/gelatin gel to occlude wadding pores, and therefore prevent leakages. The synthesized double-layered tubular scaffolds coated with alginate/gelatin gel and fibronectin represent both promising substrate for ECs and effective leakproof scaffolds, when subjected to pulsatile perfusion, for VTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tresoldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela P Pacheco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Formenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filippo Pellegata
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Mantero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Petrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, 'G. Natta' Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, Milano, Italy
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11
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Two-Photon Laser Polymerization: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2018; 10:55-65. [DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional material microstructuring by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization is emerging as an important tool in biomedicine. During two-photon polymerization, a tightly focused femtosecond laser pulse induces a crosslinking photoreaction in the polymer confined within the focal volume. As a rapid-prototyping technique, two-photon polymerization enables the fabrication of truly arbitrary three-dimensional micro- and nano-structures directly from computer models, with a spatial resolution down to 100 nm. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals, experimental methods, and materials used for two-photon polymerization; in addition, we present some applications of this technology related to microfluidics and to biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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12
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Dikina AD, Alt DS, Herberg S, McMillan A, Strobel HA, Zheng Z, Cao M, Lai BP, Jeon O, Petsinger VI, Cotton CU, Rolle MW, Alsberg E. A Modular Strategy to Engineer Complex Tissues and Organs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700402. [PMID: 29876200 PMCID: PMC5978945 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no synthetic or biologic materials suitable for long-term treatment of large tracheal defects. A successful tracheal replacement must (1) have radial rigidity to prevent airway collapse during respiration, (2) contain an immunoprotective respiratory epithelium, and (3) integrate with the host vasculature to support epithelium viability. Herein, biopolymer microspheres are used to deliver chondrogenic growth factors to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded in a custom mold that self-assemble into cartilage rings, which can be fused into tubes. These rings and tubes can be fabricated with tunable wall thicknesses and lumen diameters with promising mechanical properties for airway collapse prevention. Epithelialized cartilage is developed by establishing a spatially defined composite tissue composed of human epithelial cells on the surface of an hMSC-derived cartilage sheet. Prevascular rings comprised of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and hMSCs are fused with cartilage rings to form prevascular-cartilage composite tubes, which are then coated with human epithelial cells, forming a tri-tissue construct. When prevascular- cartilage tubes are implanted subcutaneously in mice, the prevascular structures anastomose with host vasculature, demonstrated by their ability to be perfused. This microparticle-cell self-assembly strategy is promising for engineering complex tissues such as a multi-tissue composite trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Dikina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Daniel S. Alt
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of PathologyCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Hannah A. Strobel
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWorcester Polytechnic Institute100 Institute RoadWorcesterMA01609USA
| | - Zijie Zheng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Bradley P. Lai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Victoria Ivy Petsinger
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Calvin U. Cotton
- Department of PediatricsDepartment of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Marsha W. Rolle
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWorcester Polytechnic Institute100 Institute RoadWorcesterMA01609USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNational Center for Regenerative MedicineCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOH44106USA
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Asnaghi A, Macchiarini P, Mantero S. Tissue Engineering toward Organ Replacement: A Promising Approach in Airway Transplant. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:763-8. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autologous tissue transfer, allografts and prosthetic replacements have so far failed to offer functional solutions for the treatment of long circumferential tracheal defects. Because of the shortcomings related with these strategies, interest has turned increasingly to the field of tissue engineering which applies the principles of engineering and life sciences in an effort to develop in vitro biological substitutes able to restore, maintain, or improve tissue and organ function. The advances in this field during the past decade have thus provided a new attractive approach toward the concept of functional substitutes and may represent an alternative to the shortage of suitable grafts for reconstructive airway surgery. This article gives an overview of the tissue engineering approach and of the encouraging strategies attempted so far in trachea regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Asnaghi
- Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan - Italy
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona - Spain
| | - Sara Mantero
- Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan - Italy
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14
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Engler AJ, Le AV, Baevova P, Niklason LE. Controlled gas exchange in whole lung bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e119-e129. [PMID: 28083925 PMCID: PMC5975638 DOI: 10.1002/term.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In cellular, tissue-level or whole organ bioreactors, the level of dissolved oxygen is one of the most important factors requiring control. Hypoxic environments may lead to cellular apoptosis, while hyperoxic environments may lead to cellular damage or dedifferentiation, both resulting in loss of overall tissue function. This manuscript describes the creation, characterization and validation of a bioreactor system that can control oxygen delivery based on real-time metabolic demand of cultured whole lung tissue. A mathematical model describing and predicting gas exchange within the tunable bioreactor system is developed. In addition, the inherent gas exchange properties of the bioreactor and the inherent oxygen consumption rates of native rat lungs are determined, thereby providing a quantitative relationship between system parameters and levels of dissolved oxygen. Finally, the mathematical model is validated during whole lung culture under a range of system parameters. The system presented here provides a quantitative relationship between the concentration of dissolved oxygen, tissue oxygen consumption rates, and controllable system parameters that introduce gasses into the bioreactor. This relationship not only enables the maintenance of constant levels of dissolved oxygen throughout a culture period during which cells are replicating, but also provides noninvasive and real-time estimation of the metabolic and proliferative states of native or engineered lung tissue simply through dissolved oxygen measurements. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Engler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew V. Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pavlina Baevova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Alternating air-medium exposure in rotating bioreactors optimizes cell metabolism in 3D novel tubular scaffold polyurethane foams. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e122-e132. [PMID: 28362040 PMCID: PMC6379885 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro dynamic culture conditions play a pivotal role in developing
engineered tissue grafts, where the supply of oxygen and nutrients, and
waste removal must be permitted within construct thickness. For tubular
scaffolds, mass transfer is enhanced by introducing a convective flow
through rotating bioreactors with positive effects on cell proliferation,
scaffold colonization and extracellular matrix deposition. We characterized
a novel polyurethane-based tubular scaffold and investigated the impact of 3
different culture configurations over cell behavior: dynamic (i)
single-phase (medium) rotation and (ii) double-phase exposure (medium-air)
rotation; static (iii) single-phase static culture as control. Methods A new mixture of polyol was tested to create polyurethane foams (PUFs) as 3D
scaffold for tissue engineering. The structure obtained was morphologically
and mechanically analyzed tested. Murine fibroblasts were externally seeded
on the novel porous PUF scaffold, and cultured under different dynamic
conditions. Viability assay, DNA quantification, SEM and histological
analyses were performed at different time points. Results The PUF scaffold presented interesting mechanical properties and morphology
adequate to promote cell adhesion, highlighting its potential for tissue
engineering purposes. Results showed that constructs under dynamic
conditions contain enhanced viability and cell number, exponentially
increased for double-phase rotation; under this last configuration, cells
uniformly covered both the external surface and the lumen. Conclusions The developed 3D structure combined with the alternated exposure to air and
medium provided the optimal in vitro biochemical conditioning with adequate
nutrient supply for cells. The results highlight a valuable combination of
material and dynamic culture for tissue engineering applications.
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Stefani I, Asnaghi M, Cooper-White J, Mantero S. A double chamber rotating bioreactor for enhanced tubular tissue generation from human mesenchymal stem cells: a promising tool for vascular tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e42-e52. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Stefani
- Giulio Natta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M.A. Asnaghi
- Giulio Natta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
- Departments of Surgery and of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Basel 4031 Switzerland
| | - J.J. Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Queensland; QLD 4072 Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO; Clayton VIC 3169 Australia
| | - S. Mantero
- Giulio Natta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
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18
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Guan Y, Liu S, Sun C, Cheng G, Kong F, Luan Y, Xie X, Zhao S, Zhang D, Wang J, Li K, Liu Y. The effective bioengineering method of implantation decellularized renal extracellular matrix scaffolds. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36126-38. [PMID: 26418881 PMCID: PMC4742166 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a progressive loss of kidney function with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Transplantable organs are hard to come by and hold a high risk of recipient immune rejection. We intended to establish a more effective and faster method to decellularize and recellularize the kidney scaffold for transplant and regeneration. We successfully produced renal scaffolds by decellularizing rat kidneys with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), while still preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM) 3D architecture, an intact vascular tree and biochemical components. We recellularized the kidney scaffolds with mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that then populated and proliferated within the glomerular, vascular, and tubular structures. After in vivo implantation, these recellularized scaffolds were easily reperfused, tolerated blood pressure and produced urine with no blood leakage. Our methods can successfully decellularize and recellularize rat kidneys to produce functional renal ECM scaffolds. These scaffolds maintain their basic components, retain intact vasculature and show promise for kidney regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangde Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Luan
- Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Denglu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Department of Central Research Lab, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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Chiang T, Pepper V, Best C, Onwuka E, Breuer CK. Clinical Translation of Tissue Engineered Trachea Grafts. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 125:873-885. [PMID: 27411362 DOI: 10.1177/0003489416656646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a state-of-the-art review discussing recent achievements in tissue engineered tracheal reconstruction. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS A structured PubMed search of the current literature up to and including October 2015. Representative articles that discuss the translation of tissue engineered tracheal grafts (TETG) were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS The integration of a biologically compatible support with autologous cells has resulted in successful regeneration of respiratory epithelium, cartilage, and vascularization with graft patency, although the optimal construct composition has yet to be defined. Segmental TETG constructs are more commonly complicated by stenosis and delayed epithelialization when compared to patch tracheoplasty. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The recent history of human TETG recipients represents revolutionary proof of principle studies in regenerative medicine. Application of TETG remains limited to a compassionate use basis; however, defining the mechanisms of cartilage formation, epithelialization, and refinement of in vivo regeneration will advance the translation of TETG from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendy Chiang
- Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Victoria Pepper
- Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron Best
- Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ekene Onwuka
- Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Saksena R, Gao C, Wicox M, de Mel A. Tubular organ epithelialisation. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416683950. [PMID: 28228931 PMCID: PMC5308438 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416683950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow, tubular organs including oesophagus, trachea, stomach, intestine, bladder and urethra may require repair or replacement due to disease. Current treatment is considered an unmet clinical need, and tissue engineering strategies aim to overcome these by fabricating synthetic constructs as tissue replacements. Smart, functionalised synthetic materials can act as a scaffold base of an organ and multiple cell types, including stem cells can be used to repopulate these scaffolds to replace or repair the damaged or diseased organs. Epithelial cells have not yet completely shown to have efficacious cell-scaffold interactions or good functionality in artificial organs, thus limiting the success of tissue-engineered grafts. Epithelial cells play an essential part of respective organs to maintain their function. Without successful epithelialisation, hollow organs are liable to stenosis, collapse, extensive fibrosis and infection that limit patency. It is clear that the source of cells and physicochemical properties of scaffolds determine the successful epithelialisation. This article presents a review of tissue engineering studies on oesophagus, trachea, stomach, small intestine, bladder and urethral constructs conducted to actualise epithelialised grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Saksena
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathew Wicox
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Poghosyan T, Catry J, Luong-Nguyen M, Bruneval P, Domet T, Arakelian L, Sfeir R, Michaud L, Vanneaux V, Gottrand F, Larghero J, Cattan P. Esophageal tissue engineering: Current status and perspectives. J Visc Surg 2015; 153:21-9. [PMID: 26711880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering, which consists of the combination and in vivo implantation of elements required for tissue remodeling toward a specific organ phenotype, could be an alternative for classical techniques of esophageal replacement. The current hybrid approach entails creation of an esophageal substitute composed of an acellular matrix and autologous epithelial and muscle cells provides the most successful results. Current research is based on the use of mesenchymal stem cells, whose potential for differentiation and proangioogenic, immune-modulator and anti-inflammatory properties are important assets. In the near future, esophageal substitutes could be constructed from acellular "intelligent matrices" that contain the molecules necessary for tissue regeneration; this should allow circumvention of the implantation step and still obtain standardized in vivo biological responses. At present, tissue engineering applications to esophageal replacement are limited to enlargement plasties with absorbable, non-cellular matrices. Nevertheless, the application of existing clinical techniques for replacement of other organs by tissue engineering in combination with a multiplication of translational research protocols for esophageal replacement in large animals should soon pave the way for health agencies to authorize clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Poghosyan
- Service de chirurgie digestive, oncologique et métabolique, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J Catry
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Service de chirurgie générale, digestive et endocrinienne, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Luong-Nguyen
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Service de chirurgie générale, digestive et endocrinienne, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - P Bruneval
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - T Domet
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Unité de thérapie cellulaire, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - L Arakelian
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - R Sfeir
- Centre de référence des affections congénitales et malformatives de l'œsophage, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - L Michaud
- Centre de référence des affections congénitales et malformatives de l'œsophage, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - V Vanneaux
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Unité de thérapie cellulaire, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Gottrand
- Centre de référence des affections congénitales et malformatives de l'œsophage, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J Larghero
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Unité de thérapie cellulaire, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - P Cattan
- CIC de biothérapies, Inserm UMR 1160, institut universitaire d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Service de chirurgie générale, digestive et endocrinienne, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.
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22
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Pellegata AF, Dominioni T, Ballo F, Maestroni S, Asnaghi MA, Zerbini G, Zonta S, Mantero S. Arterial Decellularized Scaffolds Produced Using an Innovative Automatic System. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:363-73. [PMID: 26562773 DOI: 10.1159/000439082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still an unmet clinical need for small-caliber artery substitution. Decellularized scaffolds in tissue engineering represent a promising solution. We have developed an innovative system for the automatic decellularization of blood vessels, used to process pig arteries. The system is able to automatically drive a decellularization process in a safe and reliable environment, with complex time patterns, using up to three different decellularization solutions, and providing at the same time a physical stress to improve the decellularization. The decellularization of pig arteries was evaluated by means of histology, DNA quantification and mechanical testing. Outcomes showed scaffolds with no cellular or nuclear remnants and a well-preserved tissue structure, corroborated by mechanical properties similar to native tissue. Decellularized scaffolds were seeded on the inner layer with human endothelial cells and implanted as iliac artery replacement in 4 pharmacologically immune-compromised pigs. This chimeric model was performed as a very preliminary evaluation to investigate the performances of these scaffolds in vivo, and to investigate the fate of seeded cells. Recipients were sacrificed on day 14 and day 70 after surgery, and vessels were found to be patent and with no evidence of thrombi formation. The inner layer was covered by endothelial cells, and the migration of cells positive for α-smooth-muscle actin was observed from the outer layer towards the tunica media. Intriguingly, the endothelial cells on explanted vessels were entirely derived from the host while the seeded cells were lost. In conclusion, this work presents a novel tool for a safe and controlled production of arterial scaffolds, with good decellularization outcomes and a good performance in a short-term, large-animal implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Pellegata
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering x2018;Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Jungebluth P, Haag J, Macchiarini P. Regenerative Medizin. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-014-1094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Poghosyan T, Sfeir R, Michaud L, Bruneval P, Domet T, Vanneaux V, Luong-Nguyen M, Gaujoux S, Gottrand F, Larghero J, Cattan P. Circumferential esophageal replacement using a tube-shaped tissue-engineered substitute: An experimental study in minipigs. Surgery 2015; 158:266-77. [PMID: 25796416 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal replacement by the colon or the stomach for malignant and nonmalignant esophageal diseases exposes to significant morbidity and mortality. In this setting, tissue engineering seems to be a seductive alternative. METHODS In a porcine model, we performed a 5-cm-long circumferential replacement of the cervical esophagus by a tubulized acellular matrix (small intestinal submucosa) cellularized with autologous skeletal myoblasts and covered by a human amniotic membrane seeded with autologous oral epithelial cells. The substitute was grown for 2 weeks in the great omentum before esophageal replacement. Eighteen minipigs (divided into 3 groups: group A [substitute with esophageal endoprothesis; n = 6], group B [substitute alone; n = 6], and group C [endoprothesis alone; n = 6]) were included. The esophageal endoprothesis was removed at 6 months. Animals were killed sequentially over a 12 month-period. Clinical, endoscopic, radiologic and histologic outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS All animals except 1 of in groups B and C died during the first 2 months owing to refractory esophageal stenosis or endoprothesis extrusion. Nutritional autonomy without endoprothesis was observed in all animals of group A with a follow-up of >6 months (n = 3). A phenotype similar to that of native esophagus, consisting of a mature epithelium, submucosal glands, and a circular muscular layer, was observed after 9 months. CONCLUSION In this model, the circumferential replacement of the cervical esophagus by a tube-shaped tissue-engineered substitute under the temporary cover of an esophageal endoprothesis allowed nutritional autonomy and tissue remodeling toward an esophageal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran Poghosyan
- Cell Therapy Unit and CIC-BT, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Rony Sfeir
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital and Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Michaud
- Reference Center for Congenital and Malformative Esophageal Diseases, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital and Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Domet
- Cell Therapy Unit and CIC-BT, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Vanneaux
- Cell Therapy Unit and CIC-BT, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Minh Luong-Nguyen
- Cell Therapy Unit and CIC-BT, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Gaujoux
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Gottrand
- Reference Center for Congenital and Malformative Esophageal Diseases, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital and Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Jerome Larghero
- Cell Therapy Unit and CIC-BT, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cattan
- Cell Therapy Unit and CIC-BT, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1160, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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25
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Teoh GZ, Crowley C, Birchall MA, Seifalian AM. Development of resorbable nanocomposite tracheal and bronchial scaffolds for paediatric applications. Br J Surg 2015; 102:e140-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital tracheal defects and prolonged intubation following premature birth have resulted in an unmet clinical need for tracheal replacement. Advances in stem cell technology, tissue engineering and material sciences have inspired the development of a resorbable, nanocomposite tracheal and bronchial scaffold.
Methods
A bifurcated scaffold was designed and constructed using a novel, resorbable nanocomposite polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(ϵ-caprolactone) urea urethane (POSS-PCL). Material characterization studies included tensile strength, suture retention and surface characteristics. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) and human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured on POSS-PCL for up to 14 days, and metabolic activity and cell morphology were assessed. Quantum dots conjugated to RGD (l-arginine, glycine and l-aspartic acid) tripeptides and anticollagen type I antibody were then employed to observe cell migration throughout the scaffold.
Results
POSS-PCL exhibited good mechanical properties, and the relationship between the solid elastomer and foam elastomer of POSS-PCL was comparable to that between the cartilaginous U-shaped rings and interconnective cartilage of the native human trachea. Good suture retention was also achieved. Cell attachment and a significant, steady increase in proliferation were observed for both cell types (bmMSCs, P = 0·001; HBECs, P = 0·003). Quantum dot imaging illustrated adequate cell penetration throughout the scaffold, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
Conclusion
This mechanically viable scaffold successfully supports bmMSC and HBEC attachment and proliferation, demonstrating its potential as a tissue-engineered solution to tracheal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Teoh
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, London, UK
| | - C Crowley
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
- Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - M A Birchall
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - A M Seifalian
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Raredon MSB, Ghaedi M, Calle EA, Niklason LE. A Rotating Bioreactor for Scalable Culture and Differentiation of Respiratory Epithelium. CELL MEDICINE 2014; 7:109-21. [PMID: 26858899 DOI: 10.3727/215517914x681794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory epithelium is difficult to grow in vitro, as it requires a well-maintained polarizing air-liquid interface (ALI) to maintain differentiation. Traditional methods rely on permeable membrane culture inserts, which are difficult to work with and are ill-suited for the production of large numbers of cells, such as the quantities required for cell-based clinical therapies. Herein, we investigate an alternative form of culture in which the cells are placed on a porous substrate that is continuously rolled, such that the monolayer of cells is alternately submerged in media or apically exposed to air. Our prototype bioreactor is reliable for up to 21 days of continuous culture and is designed for scale-up for large-scale cell culture with continuous medium and gas exchange. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were cultured on an absorbent substrate in the reactor for periods of 7, 14, and 21 days and were compared to static controls that were submerged in media. Quantification by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR of markers specific to differentiated respiratory epithelium indicated increased cilia, mucous production, and tight junction formation in the rolled cultures, compared to static. Together with scanning electron microscopy and paraffin histology, the data indicate that the intermittent ALI provided by the rolling bioreactor promotes a polarized epithelial phenotype over a period of 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Calle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; †Department of Anesthesia, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Neumann A, Lavrentieva A, Heilkenbrinker A, Loenne M, Kasper C. Characterization and Application of a Disposable Rotating Bed Bioreactor for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion. Bioengineering (Basel) 2014; 1:231-245. [PMID: 28955026 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering1040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) into the field of tissue engineering is a promising development since these cells can be expanded vivo to clinically relevant numbers and, after expansion, retain their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages. Safety requirements and the necessity to obtain high cell numbers without frequent subcultivation of cells raised the question of the possibility of expanding MSC in one-way (single-use) disposable bioreactors. In this study, umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) were expanded in a disposable Z 2000 H bioreactor under dynamic conditions. Z was characterized regarding residence time and mixing in order to evaluate the optimal bioreactor settings, enabling optimal mass transfer in the absence of shear stress, allowing an reproducible expansion of MSC, while maintaining their stemness properties. Culture of the UC-MSC in disposable Z 2000 H bioreactor resulted in a reproducible 8-fold increase of cell numbers after 5 days. Cells were shown to maintain specific MSC surface marker expression as well as trilineage differentiation potential and lack stress-induced premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neumann
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Heilkenbrinker
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Maren Loenne
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
SUMMARY A recent revival of global interest for reconstruction of long-segment tracheal defects, which represents one of the most interesting and complex problems in head and neck and thoracic reconstructive surgery, has been witnessed. The trachea functions as a conduit for air, and its subunits including the epithelial layer, hyaline cartilage, and segmental blood supply make it particularly challenging to reconstruct. A myriad of attempts at replacing the trachea have been described. These along with the anatomy, indications, and approaches including microsurgical tracheal reconstruction will be reviewed. Novel techniques such as tissue-engineering approaches will also be discussed. Multiple attempts at replacing the trachea with synthetic scaffolds have been met with failure. The main lesson learned from such failures is that the trachea must not be treated as a "simple tube." Understanding the anatomy, developmental biology, physiology, and diseases affecting the trachea are required for solving this problem.
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Advances in tracheal reconstruction. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e178. [PMID: 25426361 PMCID: PMC4229282 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Summary: A recent revival of global interest for reconstruction of long-segment tracheal defects, which represents one of the most interesting and complex problems in head and neck and thoracic reconstructive surgery, has been witnessed. The trachea functions as a conduit for air, and its subunits including the epithelial layer, hyaline cartilage, and segmental blood supply make it particularly challenging to reconstruct. A myriad of attempts at replacing the trachea have been described. These along with the anatomy, indications, and approaches including microsurgical tracheal reconstruction will be reviewed. Novel techniques such as tissue-engineering approaches will also be discussed. Multiple attempts at replacing the trachea with synthetic scaffolds have been met with failure. The main lesson learned from such failures is that the trachea must not be treated as a “simple tube.” Understanding the anatomy, developmental biology, physiology, and diseases affecting the trachea are required for solving this problem.
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Fishman JM, Wiles K, Lowdell MW, De Coppi P, Elliott MJ, Atala A, Birchall MA. Airway tissue engineering: an update. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1477-91. [PMID: 25102044 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.938631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosthetic materials, autologous tissues, cryopreserved homografts and allogeneic tissues have thus far proven unsuccessful in providing long-term functional solutions to extensive upper airway disease and damage. Research is therefore focusing on the rapidly expanding fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in order to provide stem cell-based constructs for airway reconstruction, substitution and/or regeneration. AREAS COVERED Advances in stem cell technology, biomaterials and growth factor interactions have been instrumental in guiding optimization of tissue-engineered airways, leading to several first-in-man studies investigating stem cell-based tissue-engineered tracheal transplants in patients. Here, we summarize current progress, outstanding research questions, as well as future directions within the field. EXPERT OPINION The complex immune interaction between the transplant and host in vivo is only beginning to be untangled. Recent progress in our understanding of stem cell biology, decellularization techniques, biomaterials and transplantation immunobiology offers the prospect of transplanting airways without the need for lifelong immunosuppression. In addition, progress in airway revascularization, reinnervation and ever-increasingly sophisticated bioreactor design is opening up new avenues for the construction of a tissue-engineered larynx. Finally, 3D printing is a novel technique with the potential to render microscopic control over how cells are incorporated and grown onto the tissue-engineered airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Fishman
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Department of Surgery , 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH , UK +44 07989 331573 ;
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Jones MC, Rueggeberg FA, Cunningham AJ, Faircloth HA, Jana T, Mettenburg D, Waller JL, Postma GN, Weinberger PM. Biomechanical changes from long-term freezer storage and cellular reduction of tracheal scaffoldings. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:E16-22. [PMID: 25092543 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine structural biomechanical changes in tracheal scaffolds resulting from cellular reduction and storage at -80(o) C. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory-based study. METHODS Forty-four rabbit tracheal segments were separated into four treatment groups: untreated (group A, control), cellular-reduced (group B), storage at -80(o) C followed by cellular reduction (group C), and cellular-reduced followed by storage at -80(o) C (group D). Tracheal segments were subjected to uniaxial tension (n = 21) or compression (n = 23) using a universal testing machine to determine sutured tensile yield load and radial compressive strengths at 50% lumen occlusion. Mean differences among groups for tension and compression were compared by analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS The untreated trachea (group A) demonstrated mean yield strength of 5.93 (± 1.65) N and compressive strength of 2.10 (± 0.51) N. Following treatment/storage, the tensile yield strength was not impaired (group B = 6.79 [± 1.58] N, C = 6.21 [± 1.40] N, D = 6.26 [± 1.18]; P > 0.10 each). Following cellular reduction, there was a significant reduction in compressive strength (group B = 0.44 N [± 0.13], P < 0.0001), but no further reduction due to storage (group C = 0.39 N [± 0.10]; P = 0.97 compared to group B). CONCLUSION The data suggest cellular reduction leads to loss of compressive strength. Freezing at -80°C (either before, or subsequent to cellular reduction) may be a viable storage method for tracheal grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Center for Voice, Airway and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A
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Ajalloueian F, Lim ML, Lemon G, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Sjöqvist S, Beltrán-Rodríguez A, Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Bianco A, Jungebluth P, Macchiarini P. Biomechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of electrospun polymeric tracheal scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5307-5315. [PMID: 24703872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of tracheal scaffolds fabricated based on electrospinning technique by applying different ratios of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) is introduced here. Prior to clinical implantation, evaluations of biomechanical and morphological properties, as well as biocompatibility and cell adhesion verifications are required and extensively performed on each scaffold type. However, the need for bioreactors and large cell numbers may delay the verification process during the early assessment phase. Hence, we investigated the feasibility of performing biocompatibility verification using static instead of dynamic culture. We performed bioreactor seeding on 3-dimensional (3-D) tracheal scaffolds (PET/PU and PET) and correlated the quantitative and qualitative results with 2-dimensional (2-D) sheets seeded under static conditions. We found that an 8-fold reduction for 2-D static seeding density can essentially provide validation on the qualitative and quantitative evaluations for 3-D scaffolds. In vitro studies revealed that there was notably better cell attachment on PET sheets/scaffolds than with the polyblend. However, the in vivo outcomes of cell seeded PET/PU and PET scaffolds in an orthotopic transplantation model in rodents were similar. They showed that both the scaffold types satisfied biocompatibility requirements and integrated well with the adjacent tissue without any observation of necrosis within 30 days of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Lemon
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes C Haag
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gustafsson
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Beltrán-Rodríguez
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Haykal S, Salna M, Zhou Y, Marcus P, Fatehi M, Frost G, Machuca T, Hofer SOP, Waddell TK. Double-chamber rotating bioreactor for dynamic perfusion cell seeding of large-segment tracheal allografts: comparison to conventional static methods. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:681-92. [PMID: 24392662 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal transplantation with a long-segment recellularized tracheal allograft has previously been performed without the need for immunosuppressive therapy. Recipients' mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and tracheal epithelial cells (TEC) were harvested, cultured, expanded, and seeded on a donor trachea within a bioreactor. Prior techniques used for cellular seeding have involved only static-seeding methods. Here, we describe a novel bioreactor for recellularization of long-segment tracheae. Tracheae were recellularized with epithelial cells on the luminal surface and bone marrow-derived MSC on the external surface. We used dynamic perfusion seeding for both cell types and demonstrate an increase in both cellular counts and homogeneity scores compared with traditional methods. Despite these improvements, orthotopic transplantation of these scaffolds revealed no labeled cells at postoperative day 3 and lack of re-epithelialization within the first 2 weeks. The animals in this study had postoperative respiratory distress and tracheal collapse that was incompatible with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Haykal
- 1 Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
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34
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Abstract
No definitive solution has been discovered for replacing long segments or the entire trachea in humans. Most of this challenge stems from the specific function and mechanics that are almost impossible to replicate except in the setting of an allotransplantation, which requires lifelong immunosuppressive medication. Recently, tissue engineering provided significant evidence concerning the next promising therapeutic alternative for tracheal replacement. Underlying mechanism and pathways of cell-surface interactions, cell migration, and differentiation are essential to understand the complexity of tracheal tissue regeneration. Tracheal replacement remains challenging but initial steps toward an ideal therapeutic concept have been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat (CLINTEC), Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobel Allé 8, Huddinge/Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat (CLINTEC), Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobel Allé 8, Huddinge/Stockholm 14186, Sweden.
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35
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Crowley C, Birchall M, Seifalian AM. Trachea transplantation: from laboratory to patient. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:357-67. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Crowley
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College; London UK
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and UCL Ear Institute; London UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College; London UK
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and UCL Ear Institute; London UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College; London UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
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36
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Lim ML, Jungebluth P, Ajalloueian F, Friedrich LH, Gilevich I, Grinnemo KH, Gubareva E, Haag JC, Lemon G, Sjöqvist S, Caplan AL, Macchiarini P. Whole organ and tissue reconstruction in thoracic regenerative surgery. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:1151-66. [PMID: 24079685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel prognostic, diagnostic, and treatment options will provide major benefits for millions of patients with acute or chronic respiratory dysfunction, cardiac-related disorders, esophageal problems, or other diseases in the thorax. Allogeneic organ transplant is currently available. However, it remains a trap because of its dependency on a very limited supply of donated organs, which may be needed for both initial and subsequent transplants. Furthermore, it requires lifelong treatment with immunosuppressants, which are associated with adverse effects. Despite early clinical applications of bioengineered organs and tissues, routine implementation is still far off. For this review, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid databases for the following keywords for each tissue or organ: tissue engineering, biological and synthetic scaffold/graft, acellular and decelluar(ized), reseeding, bioreactor, tissue replacement, and transplantation. We identified the current state-of-the-art practices in tissue engineering with a focus on advances during the past 5 years. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of biological and synthetic solutions and introduce novel strategies and technologies for the field. The ethical challenges of innovation in this area are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vrana NE, Lavalle P, Dokmeci MR, Dehghani F, Ghaemmaghami AM, Khademhosseini A. Engineering functional epithelium for regenerative medicine and in vitro organ models: a review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:529-43. [PMID: 23705900 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the fields of microfabrication, biomaterials, and tissue engineering have provided new opportunities for developing biomimetic and functional tissues with potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and replacing damaged tissues. An intact epithelium plays an indispensable role in the functionality of several organs such as the trachea, esophagus, and cornea. Furthermore, the integrity of the epithelial barrier and its degree of differentiation would define the level of success in tissue engineering of other organs such as the bladder and the skin. In this review, we focus on the challenges and requirements associated with engineering of epithelial layers in different tissues. Functional epithelial layers can be achieved by methods such as cell sheets, cell homing, and in situ epithelialization. However, for organs composed of several tissues, other important factors such as (1) in vivo epithelial cell migration, (2) multicell-type differentiation within the epithelium, and (3) epithelial cell interactions with the underlying mesenchymal cells should also be considered. Recent successful clinical trials in tissue engineering of the trachea have highlighted the importance of a functional epithelium for long-term success and survival of tissue replacements. Hence, using the trachea as a model tissue in clinical use, we describe the optimal structure of an artificial epithelium as well as challenges of obtaining a fully functional epithelium in macroscale. One of the possible remedies to address such challenges is the use of bottom-up fabrication methods to obtain a functional epithelium. Modular approaches for the generation of functional epithelial layers are reviewed and other emerging applications of microscale epithelial tissue models for studying epithelial/mesenchymal interactions in healthy and diseased (e.g., cancer) tissues are described. These models can elucidate the epithelial/mesenchymal tissue interactions at the microscale and provide the necessary tools for the next generation of multicellular engineered tissues and organ-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal E Vrana
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , INSERM, UMR-S 1121, "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie," Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Lu H, Lv L, Dai Y, Wu G, Zhao H, Zhang F. Porous chitosan scaffolds with embedded hyaluronic acid/chitosan/plasmid-DNA nanoparticles encoding TGF-β1 induce DNA controlled release, transfected chondrocytes, and promoted cell proliferation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69950. [PMID: 23894564 PMCID: PMC3720934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects resulting from traumatic injury or degenerative diseases have very limited spontaneous healing ability. Recent progress in tissue engineering and local therapeutic gene delivery systems has led to promising new strategies for successful regeneration of hyaline cartilage. In the present study, tissue engineering and local therapeutic gene delivery systems are combined with the design of a novel gene-activated matrix (GAM) embedded with hybrid hyaluronic acid(HA)/chitosan(CS)/plasmid-DNA nanoparticles encoding transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. A chitosan scaffold functioned as the three-dimensional carrier for the nanoparticles. Results demonstrated that scaffold-entrapped plasmid DNA was released in a sustained and steady manner over 120 days, and was effectively protected in the HA/CS/pDNA nanoparticles. Culture results demonstrated that chondrocytes grown in the novel GAM were highly proliferative and capable of filling scaffold micropores with cells and extracellular matrix. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that chondrocytes seeded in the GAM expressed exogenous transgenes labeled with green fluorescent protein. ELISA results demonstrated detectable TGF-β1 expression in the supernatant of GAM cultures, which peaked at the sixth day of culture and afterwards showed a moderate decline. Histological results and biochemical assays confirmed promotion of chondrocyte proliferation. Cell culture indicated no affects on phenotypic expression of ECM molecules, such as GAG. The results of this study indicate the suitability of this novel GAM for enhanced in vitro cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mirmalek-Sani SH, Sullivan DC, Zimmerman C, Shupe TD, Petersen BE. Immunogenicity of decellularized porcine liver for bioengineered hepatic tissue. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:558-65. [PMID: 23747949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease affects millions of patients each year. The field of regenerative medicine promises alternative therapeutic approaches, including the potential to bioengineer replacement hepatic tissue. One approach combines cells with acellular scaffolds derived from animal tissue. The goal of this study was to scale up our rodent liver decellularization method to livers of a clinically relevant size. Porcine livers were cannulated via the hepatic artery, then perfused with PBS, followed by successive Triton X-100 and SDS solutions in saline buffer. After several days of rinsing, decellularized liver samples were histologically analyzed. In addition, biopsy specimens of decellularized scaffolds were seeded with hepatoblastoma cells for cytotoxicity testing or implanted s.c. into rodents to investigate scaffold immunogenicity. Histological staining confirmed cellular clearance from pig livers, with removal of nuclei and cytoskeletal components and widespread preservation of structural extracellular molecules. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed preservation of an intact liver capsule, a porous acellular lattice structure with intact vessels and striated basement membrane. Liver scaffolds supported cells over 21 days, and no increased immune response was seen with either allogeneic (rat-into-rat) or xenogeneic (pig-into-rat) transplants over 28 days, compared with sham-operated on controls. These studies demonstrate that successful decellularization of the porcine liver could be achieved with protocols developed for rat livers, yielding nonimmunogenic scaffolds for future hepatic bioengineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Hadi Mirmalek-Sani
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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40
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dos Santos FF, Andrade PZ, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Bioreactor design for clinical-grade expansion of stem cells. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:644-54. [PMID: 23625834 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The many clinical trials currently in progress will likely lead to the widespread use of stem cell-based therapies for an extensive variety of diseases, either in autologous or allogeneic settings. With the current pace of progress, in a few years' time, the field of stem cell-based therapy should be able to respond to the market demand for safe, robust and clinically efficient stem cell-based therapeutics. Due to the limited number of stem cells that can be obtained from a single donor, one of the major challenges on the roadmap for regulatory approval of such medicinal products is the expansion of stem cells using Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compliant culture systems. In fact, manufacturing costs, which include production and quality control procedures, may be the main hurdle for developing cost-effective stem cell therapies. Bioreactors provide a viable alternative to the traditional static culture systems in that bioreactors provide the required scalability, incorporate monitoring and control tools, and possess the operational flexibility to be adapted to the differing requirements imposed by various clinical applications. Bioreactor systems face a number of issues when incorporated into stem cell expansion protocols, both during development at the research level and when bioreactors are used in on-going clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the issues that must be confronted during the development of GMP-compliant bioreactors systems used to support the various clinical applications employing stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F dos Santos
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering - Instituto Superior Técnico IST, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Singh N, Rahatekar SS, Koziol KKK, Ng TS, Patil AJ, Mann S, Hollander AP, Kafienah W. Directing chondrogenesis of stem cells with specific blends of cellulose and silk. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1287-98. [PMID: 23534615 DOI: 10.1021/bm301762p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials that can stimulate stem cell differentiation without growth factor supplementation provide potent and cost-effective scaffolds for regenerative medicine. We hypothesize that a scaffold prepared from cellulose and silk blends can direct stem cell chondrogenic fate. We systematically prepared cellulose blends with silk at different compositions using an environmentally benign processing method based on ionic liquids as a common solvent. We tested the effect of blend compositions on the physical properties of the materials as well as on their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) growth and chondrogenic differentiation. The stiffness and tensile strength of cellulose was significantly reduced by blending with silk. The characterized materials were tested using MSCs derived from four different patients. Growing MSCs on a specific blend combination of cellulose and silk in a 75:25 ratio significantly upregulated the chondrogenic marker genes SOX9, aggrecan, and type II collagen in the absence of specific growth factors. This chondrogenic effect was neither found with neat cellulose nor the cellulose/silk 50:50 blend composition. No adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation was detected on the blends, suggesting that the cellulose/silk 75:25 blend induced specific stem cell differentiation into the chondrogenic lineage without addition of the soluble growth factor TGF-β. The cellulose/silk blend we identified can be used both for in vitro tissue engineering and as an implantable device for stimulating endogenous stem cells to initiate cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Singh
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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42
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Modelling biological cell attachment and growth on adherent surfaces. J Math Biol 2013; 68:785-813. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-013-0653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Partington L, Mordan NJ, Mason C, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Lowdell MW, Birchall MA, Wall IB. Biochemical changes caused by decellularization may compromise mechanical integrity of tracheal scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5251-61. [PMID: 23059415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered airways have achieved clinical success, but concerns remain about short-term loss of biomechanical properties, necessitating a stent. This study investigated the effect of chemical-enzymatic decellularization on biochemical properties of trachea important for cell attachment and vascularization (fibronectin and laminin) and cartilage matrix homeostasis (type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAG)), as well as biomechanical status. Native trachea was used as a control, and NDC trachea stored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in parallel to decellularization was used as a time-matched control. Decellularization removed most cells, but chondrocytes and DNA remained after 25 cycles. Fibronectin was retained throughout the lamina propria and laminin at basement membranes. DNA accumulation along ECM fibres was seen. A decline in soluble collagen was observed in decellularized tissue. GAG content of cartilage rings was reduced, even in PBS control tissue from 20 cycles onwards (p<0.05), but decellularization caused the greatest loss (p<0.01). Tensile strength declined throughout the process, but was significant only at later time points. The data demonstrate that the substantial reduction in GAG might contribute to loss of mechanical integrity of biotracheas. Overcoming structural changes that cause an imbalance in cartilage matrix equilibrium will be necessary to optimize clinical benefit, enabling widespread use of biotracheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Partington
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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44
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Detergent-Enzymatic Decellularization of Swine Blood Vessels: Insight on Mechanical Properties for Vascular Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:918753. [PMID: 23865072 PMCID: PMC3705825 DOI: 10.1155/2013/918753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Small caliber vessels substitutes still remain an unmet clinical need; few autologous substitutes are available, while synthetic grafts show insufficient patency in the long term. Decellularization is the complete removal of all cellular and nuclear matters from a tissue while leaving a preserved extracellular matrix representing a promising tool for the generation of acellular scaffolds for tissue engineering, already used for various tissues with positive outcomes. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of a detergent-enzymatic decellularization protocol on swine arteries in terms of cell removal, extracellular matrix preservation, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the effect of storage at −80°C on the mechanical properties of the tissue is evaluated. Swine arteries were harvested, frozen, and decellularized; histological analysis revealed complete cell removal and preserved extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the residual DNA content in decellularized tissues was far low compared to native one. Mechanical testings were performed on native, defrozen, and decellularized tissues; no statistically significant differences were reported for Young’s modulus, ultimate stress, compliance, burst pressure, and suture retention strength, while ultimate strain and stress relaxation of decellularized vessels were significantly different from the native ones. Considering the overall results, the process was confirmed to be suitable for the generation of acellular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering.
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45
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Mack JJ, Corrin AA, dos Santos e Lucato SL, Dunn JCY, Wu BW, Cox BN. Enhanced cell viability via strain stimulus and fluid flow in magnetically actuated scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:936-46. [PMID: 23042257 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetically actuated scaffold was used to explore the effects of strain stimulus on the proliferation and spatial distribution of smooth muscle cells and improve cell viability in the scaffold interior by pumping nutrients throughout the structure. Magnetically actuable scaffolds were fabricated in a tube shape by winding electrospun sheets of a biodegradable polymer modified with magnetic Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. Prior to rolling, the sheets were seeded with smooth muscle cells and wound into tubes with diameter 5.2 mm and wall thickness 0.2 mm. The tubular scaffolds were actuated by a magnetic field to induce a cyclic crimping deformation, which applies strain stimulus to the cells and pumps nutrient fluid through the porous tube walls. Comparison with non-actuated controls shows that magnetic actuation increases the total cell count throughout the scaffold after 14 days of incubation. Furthermore, whereas cell density as a function of position through the tube wall thickness showed a minimum in the mid-interior in the controls after 14 days due to cell starvation, the actuated scaffolds displayed a maximum cell density. Comparison of cell distributions with the expected spatial variations in strain amplitude and nutrient flux implies that both strain stimulus and nutrient pumping are significant factors in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Mack
- Teledyne Scientific Co. LLC, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, USA
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46
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Bonvillain RW, Danchuk S, Sullivan DE, Betancourt AM, Semon JA, Eagle ME, Mayeux JP, Gregory AN, Wang G, Townley IK, Borg ZD, Weiss DJ, Bunnell BA. A nonhuman primate model of lung regeneration: detergent-mediated decellularization and initial in vitro recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2437-52. [PMID: 22764775 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, patients with end-stage lung disease are limited to lung transplantation as their only treatment option. Unfortunately, the lungs available for transplantation are few. Moreover, transplant recipients require life-long immune suppression to tolerate the transplanted lung. A promising alternative therapeutic strategy is decellularization of whole lungs, which permits the isolation of an intact scaffold comprised of innate extracellular matrix (ECM) that can theoretically be recellularized with autologous stem or progenitor cells to yield a functional lung. Nonhuman primates (NHP) provide a highly relevant preclinical model with which to assess the feasibility of recellularized lung scaffolds for human lung transplantation. Our laboratory has successfully accomplished lung decellularization and initial stem cell inoculation of the resulting ECM scaffold in an NHP model. Decellularization of normal adult rhesus macaque lungs as well as the biology of the resulting acellular matrix have been extensively characterized. Acellular NHP matrices retained the anatomical and ultrastructural properties of native lungs with minimal effect on the content, organization, and appearance of ECM components, including collagen types I and IV, laminin, fibronectin, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), due to decellularization. Proteomics analysis showed enrichment of ECM proteins in total tissue extracts due to the removal of cells and cellular proteins by decellularization. Cellular DNA was effectively removed after decellularization (∼92% reduction), and the remaining nuclear material was found to be highly disorganized, very-low-molecular-weight fragments. Both bone marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) attach to the decellularized lung matrix and can be maintained within this environment in vitro, suggesting that these cells may be promising candidates and useful tools for lung regeneration. Analysis of decellularized lung slice cultures to which MSC were seeded showed that the cells attached to the decellularized matrix, elongated, and proliferated in culture. Future investigations will focus on optimizing the recellularization of NHP lung scaffolds toward the goal of regenerating pulmonary tissue. Bringing this technology to eventual human clinical application will provide patients with an alternative therapeutic strategy as well as significantly reduce the demand for transplantable organs and patient wait-list time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Bonvillain
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Sullivan DC, Mirmalek-Sani SH, Deegan DB, Baptista PM, Aboushwareb T, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Decellularization methods of porcine kidneys for whole organ engineering using a high-throughput system. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7756-64. [PMID: 22841923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
End-stage renal failure is a devastating disease, with donor organ transplantation as the only functional restorative treatment. The current number of donor organs meets less than one-fifth of demand, so regenerative medicine approaches have been proposed as potential therapeutic alternatives. One such approach for whole large-organ bioengineering is to combine functional renal cells with a decellularized porcine kidney scaffold. The efficacy of cellular removal and biocompatibility of the preserved porcine matrices, as well as scaffold reproducibility, are critical to the success of this approach. We evaluated the effectiveness of 0.25 and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 1% Triton X-100 in the decellularization of adult porcine kidneys. To perform the decellularization, a high-throughput system was designed and constructed. In this study all three methods examined showed significant cellular removal, but 0.5% SDS was the most effective detergent (<50 ng DNA/mg dry tissue). Decellularized organs retained intact microarchitecture including the renal vasculature and essential extracellular matrix components. The SDS-treated decellularized scaffolds were non-cytotoxic to primary human renal cells. This method ensures clearance of porcine cellular material (which directly impacts immunoreactivity during transplantation) and preserves the extracellular matrix and cellular compatibility of these renal scaffolds. Thus, we have developed a rapid decellularization method that can be scaled up for use in other large organs, and this represents a step toward development of a transplantable organ using tissue engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Sullivan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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48
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A novel device for the automatic decellularization of biological tissues. Int J Artif Organs 2012; 35:191-8. [PMID: 22461114 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decellularized biological scaffolds represent a promising solution for tissue engineering. They offer a good substrate for cells in terms of biochemical composition, ultrastructure and mechanical properties without generating an immunogenic response. The aim of this study was to design and develop a device for the automatic decellularization of biological tissues to overcome manual operation limits, toward a good manufacturing practice-compliant process. METHODS A versatile, modular and easy-to-use device was designed, able to automatically exchange decellularization fluids and to provide mechanical shaking according to a user-defined protocol. Preliminary decellularization tests were made on porcine abdominal aortas comparing results between conventional process and device-operated process using water, sodium deoxycholate and DNase. Vessels were processed up to 4 cycles of the protocol and after each decellularization cycle histological analyses (hematoxylin-eosin, Movat pentachrome and DAPI stainings) were observed. Preliminary mechanical tests were also performed to compare the mechanical behavior of blood vessels processed with the 2 methods mentioned above. RESULTS Briefly, the device consists of decellularization chambers, a shaking system and hydraulic modules for the exchange of fluids. The device was bench-tested for functionality and reliability with positive outcomes. The protocol used revealed to be effective, with a progressive tissue decellularization through repeated cycles. No difference between manual and automated operation was observed in histological or mechanical analyses. CONCLUSIONS The developed device is able to automate the decellularization process lowering operator-related risks, and is a reliable and functional tool for clinical use.
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Janardhanan S, Wang MO, Fisher JP. Coculture strategies in bone tissue engineering: the impact of culture conditions on pluripotent stem cell populations. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:312-21. [PMID: 22655979 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of pluripotent stem cell populations for bone tissue regeneration provides many opportunities and challenges within the bone tissue engineering field. For example, coculture strategies have been utilized to mimic embryological development of bone tissue, and particularly the critical intercellular signaling pathways. While research in bone biology over the last 20 years has expanded our understanding of these intercellular signaling pathways, we still do not fully understand the impact of the system's physical characteristics (orientation, geometry, and morphology). This review of coculture literature delineates the various forms of coculture systems and their respective outcomes when applied to bone tissue engineering. To understand fully the key differences between the different coculture methods, we must appreciate the underlying paradigms of physiological interactions. Recent advances have enabled us to extrapolate these techniques to larger dimensions and higher geometric resolutions. Finally, the contributions of bioreactors, micropatterned biomaterials, and biomaterial interaction platforms are evaluated to give a sense of the sophistication established by a combination of these concepts with coculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayana Janardhanan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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50
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de Mel A, Seifalian AM, Birchall MA. Orchestrating cell/material interactions for tissue engineering of surgical implants. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1010-21. [PMID: 22777725 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research groups are currently recognising a critical clinical need for innovative approaches to organ failure and agenesis. Allografting, autologous reconstruction and prosthetics are hampered with severe limitations. Pertinently, readily available 'laboratory-grown' organs and implants are becoming a reality. Tissue engineering constructs vary in their design complexity depending on the specific structural and functional demands. Expeditious methods on integrating autologous stem cells onto nanoarchitectured 3D nanocomposites, are being transferred from lab to patients with a number of successful first-in-man experiences. Despite the need for a complete understanding of cell/material interactions tissue engineering is offering a plethora of exciting possibilities in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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