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Xu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yu Y, Yang M, Lu L, Chan L, Liu B. Functional hydrogels for hepatocellular carcinoma: therapy, imaging, and in vitro model. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:381. [PMID: 38951911 PMCID: PMC11218144 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide and is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, posing a serious threat to human health. Interventional embolization therapy is the main treatment against middle- and late-stage liver cancer, but its efficacy is limited by the performance of embolism, hence the new embolic materials have provided hope to the inoperable patients. Especially, hydrogel materials with high embolization strength, appropriate viscosity, reliable security and multifunctionality are widely used as embolic materials, and can improve the efficacy of interventional therapy. In this review, we have described the status of research on hydrogels and challenges in the field of HCC therapy. First, various preparation methods of hydrogels through different cross-linking methods are introduced, then the functions of hydrogels related to HCC are summarized, including different HCC therapies, various imaging techniques, in vitro 3D models, and the shortcomings and prospects of the proposed applications are discussed in relation to HCC. We hope that this review is informative for readers interested in multifunctional hydrogels and will help researchers develop more novel embolic materials for interventional therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yahan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Leung Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhou S, Hou S, Lu Q. Polyphosphazene Microparticles with High Free Radical Scavenging Activity for Skin Photoprotection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32649-32661. [PMID: 38865694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are the core ingredients in sunscreens and protect against UV-induced skin damage. Nevertheless, their safety and effectiveness have been questioned in terms of their poor photostability, skin penetration, and UV-induced generation of deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, an organic UV filter self-framed microparticle sunblock was exploited, in which quercetin (QC) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) were self-constructed into microparticles (HCCP-QC MPs) by facile precipitation polymerization without any carriers. HCCP-QC MPs could not only significantly extend the UV shielding range to the whole UV region but also remarkably reduce UV-induced ROS while avoiding direct skin contact and the resulting epidermal penetration of small-molecule QC. Meanwhile, HCCP-QC MPs possess a high QC-loading ability (697 mg g-1) by QC itself as the microparticles' building blocks. In addition, there is no leakage issue with small molecules due to its covalently cross-linked structure. In vitro and vivo experiments also demonstrated that the HCCP-QC MPs have excellent UV protection properties and effective ROS scavenging ability without toxicity. In summary, effective UV-shielding and ROS scavenging ability coupled with excellent biocompatibility and nonpenetration of small molecules make it a broad prospect in skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shenglei Hou
- The Center for Drug Evaluation, Monitoring and Assessment of Fujian Province, 156 Dongpu Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Maduka CV, Alhaj M, Ural E, Habeeb OM, Kuhnert MM, Smith K, Makela AV, Pope H, Chen S, Hix JM, Mallett CL, Chung S, Hakun M, Tundo A, Zinn KR, Hankenson KD, Goodman SB, Narayan R, Contag CH. Polylactide Degradation Activates Immune Cells by Metabolic Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304632. [PMID: 37737614 PMCID: PMC10625072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is the most widely utilized biopolymer in medicine. However, chronic inflammation and excessive fibrosis resulting from its degradation remain significant obstacles to extended clinical use. Immune cell activation has been correlated to the acidity of breakdown products, yet methods to neutralize the pH have not significantly reduced adverse responses. Using a bioenergetic model, delayed cellular changes were observed that are not apparent in the short-term. Amorphous and semi-crystalline PLA degradation products, including monomeric l-lactic acid, mechanistically remodel metabolism in cells leading to a reactive immune microenvironment characterized by elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Selective inhibition of metabolic reprogramming and altered bioenergetics both reduce these undesirable high cytokine levels and stimulate anti-inflammatory signals. The results present a new biocompatibility paradigm by identifying metabolism as a target for immunomodulation to increase tolerance to biomaterials, ensuring safe clinical application of PLA-based implants for soft- and hard-tissue regeneration, and advancing nanomedicine and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chima V. Maduka
- Comparative Medicine & Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Mohammed Alhaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Evran Ural
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Oluwatosin M. Habeeb
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Maxwell M. Kuhnert
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Kylie Smith
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Ashley V. Makela
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Hunter Pope
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Shoue Chen
- School of PackagingMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Jeremy M. Hix
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Christiane L. Mallett
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Seock‐Jin Chung
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Maxwell Hakun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Anthony Tundo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA94063USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Ramani Narayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Christopher H. Contag
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48864USA
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Phutane P, Telange D, Agrawal S, Gunde M, Kotkar K, Pethe A. Biofunctionalization and Applications of Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051202. [PMID: 36904443 PMCID: PMC10007057 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited ability of most human tissues to regenerate has necessitated the interventions namely autograft and allograft, both of which carry the limitations of its own. An alternative to such interventions could be the capability to regenerate the tissue in vivo.Regeneration of tissue using the innate capacity of the cells to regenerate is studied under the discipline of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Besides the cells and growth-controlling bioactives, scaffolds play the central role in TERM which is analogous to the role performed by extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vivo. Mimicking the structure of ECM at the nanoscale is one of the critical attributes demonstrated by nanofibers. This unique feature and its customizable structure to befit different types of tissues make nanofibers a competent candidate for tissue engineering. This review discusses broad range of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers employed to construct nanofibers as well as biofunctionalization of polymers to improve cellular interaction and tissue integration. Amongst the diverse ways to fabricate nanofibers, electrospinning has been discussed in detail along with advances in this technique. Review also presents a discourse on application of nanofibers for a range of tissues, namely neural, vascular, cartilage, bone, dermal and cardiac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Phutane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha 442004, MH, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Darshan Telange
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha 442004, MH, India
| | - Surendra Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha 442004, MH, India
| | - Mahendra Gunde
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha 442004, MH, India
| | - Kunal Kotkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, MH, India
| | - Anil Pethe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha 442004, MH, India
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Polyphosphazene-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415993. [PMID: 36555633 PMCID: PMC9781794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, synthetic polymers have attracted great interest in the field of biomedical science. Among these, polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are regarded as one of the most promising materials, due to their structural flexibility and biodegradability compared to other materials. PPZs have been developed through numerous studies. In particular, multi-functionalized PPZs have been proven to be potential biomaterials in various forms, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogels, through the introduction of various functional groups. Thus, PPZs have been applied for the delivery of therapeutic molecules (low molecular weight drugs, genes and proteins), bioimaging, phototherapy, bone regeneration, dental liners, modifiers and medical devices. The main goal of the present review is to highlight the recent and the most notable existing PPZ-based biomaterials for aforementioned applications, with future perspectives in mind.
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Cyclo- and Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238117. [PMID: 36500209 PMCID: PMC9736570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and polyphosphazenes are extremely interesting and versatile substrates characterized by the presence of -P=N- repeating units. The chlorine atoms on the P atoms in the starting materials can be easily substituted with a variety of organic substituents, thus giving rise to a huge number of new materials for industrial applications. Their properties can be designed considering the number of repetitive units and the nature of the substituent groups, opening up to a number of peculiar properties, including the ability to give rise to supramolecular arrangements. We focused our attention on the extensive scientific literature concerning their biomedical applications: as antimicrobial agents in drug delivery, as immunoadjuvants in tissue engineering, in innovative anticancer therapies, and treatments for cardiovascular diseases. The promising perspectives for their biomedical use rise from the opportunity to combine the benefits of the inorganic backbone and the wide variety of organic side groups that can lead to the formation of nanoparticles, polymersomes, or scaffolds for cell proliferation. In this review, some aspects of the preparation of phosphazene-based systems and their characterization, together with some of the most relevant chemical strategies to obtain biomaterials, have been described.
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Fabrication and examination of polyorganophosphazene/polycaprolactone-based scaffold with degradation, in vitro and in vivo behaviors suitable for tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18407. [PMID: 36319793 PMCID: PMC9626536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesis a proper scaffold consisting of hydroxylated polyphosphazene and polycaprolactone (PCL), focusing on its potential use in tissue engineering applications. The first grafting of PCL to poly(propylene glycol)phosphazene (PPGP) was performed via ROP of ε-caprolactone, whereas PPGP act as a multisite macroinitiator. The prepared poly(propylene glycol phosphazene)-graft-polycaprolactone (PPGP-g-PCL) were evaluated by essential tests, including NMR, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, TGA, DSC and contact angle measurement. The quantum calculations were performed to investigate molecular geometry and its energy, and HOMO and LUMO of PPGP-g-PCL in Materials Studio2017. MD simulations were applied to describe the interaction of the polymer on phospholipid membrane (POPC128b) in Material Studio2017. The C2C12 and L929 cells were used to probe the cell-surface interactions on synthetic polymers surfaces. Cells adhesion and proliferation onto scaffolds were evaluated using FESEM and MTT assay. In vitro analysis indicated enhanced cell adhesion, high proliferation rate, and excellent viability on scaffolds for both cell types. The polymer was further tested via intraperitoneal implantation in mice that showed no evidence of adverse inflammation and necrosis at the site of the scaffold implantation; in return, osteogenesis, new-formed bone and in vivo degradation of the scaffold were observed. Herein, in vitro and in vivo assessments confirm PPGP-g-PCL, as an appropriate scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Chen F, Teniola OR, Laurencin CT. Biodegradable Polyphosphazenes for Regenerative Engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2022; 37:1417-1428. [PMID: 36203785 PMCID: PMC9531846 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-022-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative engineering is a field that seeks to regenerate complex tissues and biological systems, rather than simply restore and repair individual tissues or organs. Since the first introduction of regenerative engineering in 2012, numerous research has been devoted to the development of this field. Biodegradable polymers such as polyphosphazenes in particular have drawn significant interest as regenerative engineering materials for their synthetic flexibility in designing into materials with a wide range of mechanical properties, degradation rates, and chemical functionality. These polyphosphazenes can go through complete hydrolytic degradation and provide harmlessly and pH neutral buffering degradation products such as phosphates and ammonia, which is crucial for reducing inflammation in vivo. Here, we discuss the current accomplishments of polyphosphazene, different methods for synthesizing them, and their applications in tissue regeneration such as bones, nerves, and elastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Chen
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - O R Teniola
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Connecticut Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Connecticut Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Huang Y, Du Z, Zheng T, Jing W, Liu H, Liu X, Mao J, Zhang X, Cai Q, Chen D, Yang X. Antibacterial, conductive, and osteocompatible polyorganophosphazene microscaffolds for the repair of infectious calvarial defect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2580-2596. [PMID: 34173709 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffolds have been developed for promoting bone regeneration; however, failures would occur in osteogenesis when the defect area is significantly infected while the biomaterials have no antibacterial performances. Herein, a kind of multipurpose PATGP@PDA + Ag microspheres was prepared via emulsion method by using a conductive aniline tetramer (AT) substituted polyphosphazene (PATGP), followed by polydopamine (PDA) modification and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loading. The PATGP@PDA + Ag microspheres demonstrated a strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo, while showing no cytotoxicity at an optimized AgNPs loading amount. Due to the electron-donor structure of the AT moieties, the PATGP@PDA + Ag microspheres displayed antioxidant capacities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to their phosphorus-rich feature, the PATGP@PDA + Ag microspheres favored the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). As controls, nonconductive microspheres (PAGP@PDA, PAGP@PDA + Ag) were prepared similarly by using poly[(ethylalanine)(ethylglycyl)]phosphazene (PAGP). By co-implanting these microspheres with S. aureus into rat calvarial defects, among them, it was determined that the PATGP@PDA + Ag microspheres achieved the most abundant neo-bone formation, benefiting from their antibacterial, antioxidant and osteogenic activities. These results revealed that AgNPs loaded scaffolds made of conductive polyphosphazenes were promising for the regeneration of infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianping Mao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Jing W, Li Y, Cai Q, Yang X. Composites made of polyorganophosphazene and carbon nanotube up-regulating osteogenic activity of BMSCs under electrical stimulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111785. [PMID: 33932894 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an electrically responsive tissue, so electroactive materials that can deliver electrical cues to bone are helpful for enhancing regeneration under electrical stimulation (ES), and conductive materials are crucial in ES transmission to determine osteogenesis. Compared with polyesters, biodegradable polyorganophosphazenes (POPPs) show superiority in the field of bone tissue engineering thanks to their rich phosphorus/nitrogen contents, suggesting that the combination of POPPs-based conductive substrates with ES may achieve synergistic enhancements on osteogenesis. Herein, conductive composite films were fabricated by blending poly[(alanine ethyl ester)-(glycine ethyl ester)]phosphazene (PAGP) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). After surface modification with polydopamine (PDA), bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured on the films under ES, using the cells cultured on conductive films composed of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and CNTs as controls. The BMSCs on PAGP/CNT films demonstrated significantly faster proliferation rates and stronger osteogenic differentiation potentials than those on PLLA/CNT films, while cell attachments on the two PDA-coated substrates were similar. Under appropriate ES, further increases in the expressions of osteogenic markers as alkaline phosphatase, collagen I and calcium deposition were identified in comparison with the cases without ES. The contributions of the osteocompatible POPPs, the substrate conductivity and the ES treatment to enhanced osteogenesis suggested new strategies for the design of bone repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yechen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Narayanan N, Lengemann P, Kim KH, Kuang L, Sobreira T, Hedrick V, Aryal UK, Kuang S, Deng M. Harnessing nerve-muscle cell interactions for biomaterials-based skeletal muscle regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:289-299. [PMID: 32490576 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nerve cells secrete neurotrophic factors that play a critical role in neuronal survival, proliferation, and regeneration. However, their role in regulating myoblast behavior and skeletal muscle repair remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PC12 secreted signaling factors in modulating C2C12 myoblast behavior under physiologically relevant conditions. We showed that PC12 conditioned media modulated myoblast proliferation and differentiation in both 2D culture and 3D aligned electrospun fiber scaffold system in a dose-dependent manner. We further developed a biomimetic, tunable hydrogel consisting of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and polyethylene glycol as a 3D matrix encapsulating PC12 cells. The hydrogel-encapsulated PC12 cells promoted survival and proliferation of myoblasts in co-culture. Further proteomics analysis identified a total of 2,088 proteins from the secretome of the encapsulated PC12 cells and revealed the biological role and overlapping functions of nerve-secreted proteins for skeletal muscle regeneration, potentially through regulating myoblast behavior, nerve function, and angiogenesis. These experiments provide insights into the nerve-muscle interactions and pave the way for developing advanced biomaterials strategies incorporating nerve cell secretome for accelerated skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naagarajan Narayanan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul Lengemann
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liangju Kuang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tiago Sobreira
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Victoria Hedrick
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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12
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Ogueri KS, Ogueri KS, Ude CC, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Biomedical applications of polyphosphazenes. MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS 2020; 3:e10113. [PMID: 33889811 PMCID: PMC8059710 DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the pioneering research efforts on their utility in biomedicine, polyphosphazene polymers have witnessed enormous growth and expansion in several biomedical applications due to their unique properties. The development of this exceptional biodegradable system with extraordinary design flexibility, property tunability and neutral bioactivity could stimulate an unprecedented paradigm in biomaterial design. Thus, polyphosphazenes are, undoubtedly, the next-generation biomaterials. This editorial provides a brief perspective on the promising prospects of polyphosphazene-based biomaterials for medical device technology, focusing mainly on the authors' work on this particular polymeric system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kennedy S. Ogueri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chinedu C. Ude
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Ogueri KS, Ogueri KS, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Polyphosphazene polymers: The next generation of biomaterials for regenerative engineering and therapeutic drug delivery. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. B, NANOTECHNOLOGY & MICROELECTRONICS : MATERIALS, PROCESSING, MEASUREMENT, & PHENOMENA : JVST B 2020; 38:030801. [PMID: 32309041 PMCID: PMC7156271 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new biomaterials in several biomedical applications, such as regenerative engineering and drug delivery, has increased over the past two decades due to emerging technological advances in biomedicine. Degradable polymeric biomaterials continue to play a significant role as scaffolding materials and drug devices. Polyphosphazene platform is a subject of broad interest, as it presents an avenue for attaining versatile polymeric materials with excellent structure and property tunability, and high functional diversity. Macromolecular substitution enables the facile attachment of different organic groups and drug molecules to the polyphosphazene backbone for the development of a broad class of materials. These materials are more biocompatible than traditional biomaterials, mixable with other clinically relevant polymers to obtain new materials and exhibit unique erosion with near-neutral degradation products. Hence, polyphosphazene represents the next generation of biomaterials. In this review, the authors systematically discuss the synthetic design, structure-property relationships, and the promising potentials of polyphosphazenes in regenerative engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kennedy S Ogueri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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14
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Strasser P, Teasdale I. Main-Chain Phosphorus-Containing Polymers for Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E1716. [PMID: 32276516 PMCID: PMC7181247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers in which phosphorus is an integral part of the main chain, including polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters, have been widely investigated in recent years for their potential in a number of therapeutic applications. Phosphorus, as the central feature of these polymers, endears the chemical functionalization, and in some cases (bio)degradability, to facilitate their use in such therapeutic formulations. Recent advances in the synthetic polymer chemistry have allowed for controlled synthesis methods in order to prepare the complex macromolecular structures required, alongside the control and reproducibility desired for such medical applications. While the main polymer families described herein, polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters and their analogues, as well as phosphorus-based dendrimers, have hitherto predominantly been investigated in isolation from one another, this review aims to highlight and bring together some of this research. In doing so, the focus is placed on the essential, and often mutual, design features and structure-property relationships that allow the preparation of such functional materials. The first part of the review details the relevant features of phosphorus-containing polymers in respect to their use in therapeutic applications, while the second part highlights some recent and innovative applications, offering insights into the most state-of-the-art research on phosphorus-based polymers in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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15
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Narayanan N, Jiang C, Wang C, Uzunalli G, Whittern N, Chen D, Jones OG, Kuang S, Deng M. Harnessing Fiber Diameter-Dependent Effects of Myoblasts Toward Biomimetic Scaffold-Based Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:203. [PMID: 32266234 PMCID: PMC7105569 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscles is limited in cases of volumetric muscle loss and muscle degenerative diseases. Therefore, there is a critical need for developing strategies that provide cellular and structural support for skeletal muscle regeneration. In the present work, a bioengineered cell niche composed of mechanically competent aligned polyester fiber scaffolds is developed to mimic the oriented muscle fiber microenvironment by electrospinning poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using a custom-designed rotating collector with interspaced parallel blades. Aligned fiber scaffolds with fiber diameters ranging from 335 ± 154 nm to 3013 ± 531 nm are characterized for their bioactivities in supporting growth and differentiation of myoblasts. During in vitro culture, polymeric scaffolds with larger fiber diameter support enhanced alignment, growth, and differentiation of myoblasts associated with phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and upregulated expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain. In vivo studies using a dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model show that optimized fiber scaffolds seeded with primary myoblasts result in formation of dystrophin-positive myofibers network in tibialis anterior muscles. Collectively, these experiments provide critical insights on harnessing interactions between muscle cells and engineered fiber matrices to develop effective biomaterials for accelerated muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naagarajan Narayanan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gözde Uzunalli
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicole Whittern
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Food Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Owen G. Jones
- Department of Food Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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16
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Huang Y, Huang Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Cai Q, Yang X. Photoluminescent biodegradable polyorganophosphazene: A promising scaffold material for in vivo application to promote bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:102-109. [PMID: 31993535 PMCID: PMC6976913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds made of conventional aliphatic polyesters are inherently non-fluorescent, which results in their in vivo degradation hard to be visualized. Photoluminescent biodegradable polyorganophosphazenes (PPOPs) are synthesized by introducing fluorophores onto the polyphosphazene backbone via nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this study, a fluorophore (termed as TPCA), derived from citric acid and 2-aminoethanethiol, was co-substituted with alanine ethyl ester onto the polyphosphazene backbone to obtain a photoluminescent biodegradable POPP (termed as PTA). The scaffolds made of PTA demonstrated non-cytotoxicity and cell affinity, particularly, capacity in promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). In vivo evaluations using the rat calvarial defect model confirmed its strong potential in enhancing osteogenesis, more importantly, the in vivo degradation of the PTA scaffold could be monitored via its fluorescence intensity alongside implantation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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17
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Ozay H, Ilgin P, Ozay O. Novel hydrogels based on crosslinked chitosan with formyl-phosphazene using Schiff-base reaction. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1706514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hava Ozay
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ilgin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale/Lapseki, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozay
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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18
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Ogueri KS, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Generational Biodegradable and Regenerative Polyphosphazene Polymers and their Blends with Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). Prog Polym Sci 2019; 98:101146. [PMID: 31551636 PMCID: PMC6758934 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New fields such as regenerative engineering have driven the design of advanced biomaterials with a wide range of properties. Regenerative engineering is a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the fields of advanced materials science and engineering, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology, and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues. The complexity and demands of this innovative approach have motivated the synthesis of new polymeric materials that can be customized to meet application-specific needs. Polyphosphazene polymers represent this fundamental change and are gaining renewed interest as biomaterials due to their outstanding synthetic flexibility, neutral bioactivity (buffering degradation products), and tunable properties across the range. Polyphosphazenes are a unique class of polymers composed of an inorganic backbone with alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. Each phosphorus atom bears two substituents, with a wide variety of side groups available for property optimization. Polyphosphazenes have been investigated as potential biomaterials for regenerative engineering. Polyphosphazenes for use in regenerative applications have evolved as a class to include different generations of degradable polymers. The first generation of polyphosphazenes for tissue regeneration entailed the use of hydrolytically active side groups such as imidazole, lactate, glycolate, glucosyl, or glyceryl groups. These side groups were selected based on their ability to sensitize the polymer backbone to hydrolysis, which allowed them to break down into non-toxic small molecules that could be metabolized or excreted. The second generation of degradable polyphosphazenes developed consisted of polymers with amino acid ester side groups. When blended with poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), the feasibility of neutralizing acidic degradation products of PLGA was demonstrated. The blends formed were mostly partially miscible. The desire to improve miscibility led to the design of the third generation of degradable polyphosphazenes by incorporating dipeptide side groups which impart significant hydrogen bonding capability to the polymer for the formation of completely miscible polyphosphazene-PLGA blends. Blend system of the dipeptide-based polyphosphazene and PLGA exhibit a unique degradation behavior that allows the formation of interconnected porous structures upon degradation. These inherent pore-forming properties have distinguished degradable polyphosphazenes as a potentially important class of biomaterials for further study. The design considerations and strategies for the different generations of degradable polyphosphazenes and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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19
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Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrolytic Degradation of p-Cresol-Substituted Polyphosphazenes. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-03952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Ogueri KS, Escobar Ivirico JL, Li Z, Blumenfield RH, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Synthesis, Physicochemical Analysis, and Side Group Optimization of Degradable Dipeptide-Based Polyphosphazenes as Potential Regenerative Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2019; 1:1568-1578. [PMID: 32699835 PMCID: PMC7375698 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and physicochemical analysis of mixed-substituent dipeptide-based polyphosphazene polymers, poly[(glycineethylglycinato) x (phenylphenoxy) y phosphazene] (PNGEG x PhPh y ) and poly[(ethylphenylalanato) x (glycineethylglycinato) y phosphazene] (PNEPA x GEG y ), using glycylglycine ethyl ester (GEG) as the primary substituent side group and cosubstituting with phenylphenol (PhPh) and phenylalanine ethyl ester (EPA), respectively. The suitability of the cosubstituted polyphosphazenes to regenerative engineering was evaluated. The physicochemical evaluation revealed that the molecular weights, glass transition temperatures, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties could be modulated by varying the compositions of the side groups to obtain a variety of properties. The PNEPA25GEG75 and PNGEG75PhPh25 polymers exhibited the most promising physicochemical properties. These two polymers were further subjected to in vitro hydrolysis and cell proliferation studies using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) as a control. The hydrolysis experiments revealed that the two polymers hydrolyzed to near-neutral pH media (~5.3 to 7.0) in a relatively slow fashion, whereas a pH value as low as 2.2 was obtained for the PLAGA media over 12 weeks of degradation study. Furthermore, the two polymers showed continuous MC3T3 cell proliferation and growth in comparison to PLAGA over a 21-day culture period. These findings establish that cosubstitution of different side groups of polyphosphazenes and exploitation of the hydrogen-bonding capacity of peptide bonds in GEG offer a flexible tool that can be employed to make new and fascinating polymeric biomaterials with different and tailored properties that can suit different regenerative needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Connecticut Convergence Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Jorge L. Escobar Ivirico
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Connecticut Convergence Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Riley H. Blumenfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Connecticut Convergence Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
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21
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Ogueri KS, Jafari T, Escobar Ivirico JL, Laurencin CT. POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS FOR SCAFFOLD-BASED BONE REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:128-154. [PMID: 31423461 PMCID: PMC6697158 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects resulting from trauma, neoplasm, or infection is a challenging problem in reconstructive surgery. The need for bone grafting has been increasing steadily partly because of our enhanced capability to salvage limbs after major bone loss. Engineered bone graft substitutes can have advantages such as lack of antigenicity, high availability, and varying properties depending on the applications chosen for use. These favorable attributes have contributed to the rise of scaffold-based polymeric tissue regeneration. Critical components in the scaffold-based polymeric regenerative engineering approach often include 1. The existence of biodegradable polymeric porous structures with properties selected to promote tissue regeneration and while providing appropriate mechanical support during tissue regeneration. 2. Cellular populations that can influence and enhance regeneration. 3. The use of growth and morphogenetic factors which can influence cellular migration, differentiation and tissue regeneration in vivo. Biodegradable polymers constitute an attractive class of biomaterials for the development of scaffolds due to their flexibility in chemistry and their ability to produce biocompatible degradation products. This paper presents an overview of polymeric scaffold-based bone tissue regeneration and reviews approaches as well as the particular roles of biodegradable polymers currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tahereh Jafari
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jorge L. Escobar Ivirico
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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22
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Huang Z, Yang L, Hu X, Huang Y, Cai Q, Ao Y, Yang X. Molecular Mechanism Study on Effect of Biodegradable Amino Acid Ester–Substituted Polyphosphazenes in Stimulating Osteogenic Differentiation. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800464. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Lika Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports MedicineBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuryPeking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports MedicineBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuryPeking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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23
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Injectable cellulose-based hydrogels as nucleus pulposus replacements: Assessment of in vitro structural stability, ex vivo herniation risk, and in vivo biocompatibility. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 96:204-213. [PMID: 31054515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation are palliative only and cannot restore disc structure and function. Nucleus pulposus (NP) replacements are a promising strategy for restoring disc biomechanics and height loss. Cellulose-based hydrogel systems offer potential for NP replacement since they are stable, non-toxic, may be tuned to match NP material properties, and are conducive to cell or drug delivery. A crosslinked, carboxymethylcellulose-methylcellulose dual-polymer hydrogel was recently formulated as an injectable NP replacement that gelled in situ and restored disc height and compressive biomechanical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the translational potential of this hydrogel system by examining the long-term structural stability in vitro, the herniation risk and fatigue bending endurance in a bovine motion segment model, and the in vivo biocompatibility in a rat subcutaneous pouch model. Results showed that the hydrogels maintained their structural integrity over a 12-week period. AF injury significantly increased herniation risk and reduced fatigue bending endurance in bovine motion segments. Samples repaired with cellulosic hydrogels demonstrated restored height and exhibited herniation risk and fatigue endurance comparable to samples that underwent the current standard treatment of nucleotomy. Lastly, injected hydrogels elicited a minimal foreign body response as determined by analysis of fibrous capsule development and macrophage presence over 12 weeks. Overall, this injectable cellulosic hydrogel system is a promising candidate as an NP substitute. Further assessment and optimization of this cellulosic hydrogel system in an in vivo intradiscal injury model may lead to an improved clinical solution for disc degeneration and herniation.
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24
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Carriedo GA, de la Campa R, Soto AP. Polyphosphazenes - Synthetically Versatile Block Copolymers (“Multi-Tool”) for Self-Assembly. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabino A. Carriedo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel de la Campa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
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25
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Xu TO, Kim HS, Stahl T, Nukavarapu SP. Self-neutralizing PLGA/magnesium composites as novel biomaterials for tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:035013. [PMID: 29362293 PMCID: PMC5884090 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaaa29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlling acidic degradation of biodegradable polyesters remains a major clinical challenge. This work presents a simple and effective strategy of developing polyester composites with biodegradable magnesium metal or alloys. PLGA samples with compositions of 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt% magnesium were produced using a simple solvent-casting method, which resulted in composite films with near uniform Mg metal/alloy particle dispersion. Degradation study of the composite films showed that all compositions higher than 1 wt% magnesium were able to extend the duration of degradation, and buffer acidic pH resulting from PLGA degradation. PLGA composite with 5 wt% of magnesium showed near-neutral degradation pattern under sink conditions. Magnesium addition also showed improved mechanical characteristics in terms of the tensile modulus. In vitro experiments conducted by seeding PLGA composites with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts demonstrated increased ALP expression and cellular mineralization. The established new biodegradable polymer-metal system provides a useful biomaterial platform with a wide range of applications in biomedical device development and scaffold-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, United States of America. These authors contributed equally
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26
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Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Zain-ul-Abdin, Akram M, Wu J, Haroon M, Ullah RS, Deng Z, Xia X. Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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de la Campa R, García D, Rodríguez S, Carriedo GA, Presa Soto A. Direct Functionalization of Poly(spirophosphazene)s via the Regioselective Lithiation of the Aromatic Rings Using a Cooperative Superbase. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de la Campa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Diego García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Gabino A. Carriedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM); Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
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28
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Ogueri KS, Escobar Ivirico JL, Nair LS, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Biodegradable Polyphosphazene-Based Blends for Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:15-31. [PMID: 28596987 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of musculoskeletal tissue injury or disease and the subsequent functional impairment is at an alarming rate. It continues to be one of the most challenging problems in the human health care. Regenerative engineering offers a promising transdisciplinary strategy for tissues regeneration based on the convergence of tissue engineering, advanced materials science, stem cell science, developmental biology and clinical translation. Biomaterials are emerging as extracellular-mimicking matrices designed to provide instructive cues to control cell behavior and ultimately, be applied as therapies to regenerate damaged tissues. Biodegradable polymers constitute an attractive class of biomaterials for the development of scaffolds due to their flexibility in chemistry and the ability to be excreted or resorbed by the body. Herein, the focus will be on biodegradable polyphosphazene-based blend systems. The synthetic flexibility of polyphosphazene, combined with the unique inorganic backbone, has provided a springboard for more research and subsequent development of numerous novel materials that are capable of forming miscible blends with poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA). Laurencin and co-workers has demonstrated the exploitation of the synthetic flexibility of Polyphosphazene that will allow the design of novel polymers, which can form miscible blends with PLAGA for biomedical applications. These novel blends, due to their well-tuned biodegradability, and mechanical and biological properties coupled with the buffering capacity of the degradation products, constitute ideal materials for regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues. LAY SUMMARY Regenerative engineering aims to regenerate complex tissues to address the clinical challenge of organ damage. Tissue engineering has largely focused on the restoration and repair of individual tissues and organs, but over the past 25 years, scientific, engineering, and medical advances have led to the introduction of this new approach which involves the regeneration of complex tissues and biological systems such as a knee or a whole limb. While a number of excellent advanced biomaterials have been developed, the choice of biomaterials, however, has increased over the past years to include polymers that can be designed with a range of mechanical properties, degradation rates, and chemical functionality. The polyphosphazenes are one good example. Their chemical versatility and hydrogen bonding capability encourages blending with other biologically relevant polymers. The further development of Polyphosphazene-based blends will present a wide spectrum of advanced biomaterials that can be used as scaffolds for regenerative engineering and as well as other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jorge L Escobar Ivirico
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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29
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Lutzke A, Tapia JB, Neufeld MJ, Reynolds MM. Sustained Nitric Oxide Release from a Tertiary S-Nitrosothiol-based Polyphosphazene Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2104-2113. [PMID: 28068065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) occurs naturally in mammalian biochemistry as a critical signaling molecule and exhibits antithrombotic, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties. NO-forming biodegradable polymers have been utilized in the development of antithrombotic or antibacterial materials for biointerfacial applications, including tissue engineering and the fabrication of erodible coatings for medical devices such as stents. Use of such NO-forming polymers has frequently been constrained by short-term release or limited NO storage capacity and has led to the pursuit of new materials with improved NO release function. Herein, we report the development of an NO-releasing bioerodible coating prepared from poly[bis(3-mercapto-3-methylbut-1-yl glycinyl)phosphazene] (POP-Gly-MMB), a polyphosphazene based on glycine and the naturally occurring tertiary thiol 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol (MMB). To evaluate the NO release properties of this material, the thiolated polymer POP-Gly-MMB-SH was applied as a coating to glass substrates and subsequently converted to the NO-forming S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) derivative (POP-Gly-MMB-NO) by immersion in a mixture of tert-butyl nitrite (t-BuONO) and pentane. NO release flux from the coated substrates was determined by chemiluminescence-based NO measurement and was found to remain in a physiologically relevant range for up to 2 weeks (6.5-0.090 nmol of NO·min-1·cm-2) when immersed in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. Furthermore, the coating exhibited an overall NO storage capacity of 0.89 ± 0.09 mmol·g-1 (4.3 ± 0.6 μmol·cm-2). Erosion of POP-Gly-MMB-NO in PBS at 37 °C over 6 weeks results in 14% mass loss, and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) was used to characterize the organic products of hydrolytic degradation as glycine, MMB, and several related esters. The comparatively long-term NO release and high storage capacity of POP-Gly-MMB-NO coatings suggest potential as a source of therapeutic NO for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Lutzke
- Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jesus B Tapia
- Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Megan J Neufeld
- Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Melissa M Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, ‡School of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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30
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Ullah RS, Wang L, Yu H, Abbasi NM, Akram M, -ul-Abdin Z, Saleem M, Haroon M, Khan RU. Synthesis of polyphosphazenes with different side groups and various tactics for drug delivery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are hybrid polymers comprising a main chain containing nitrogen and phosphorous linked through interchanging single and double bonds, and side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Summe Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Nasir M. Abbasi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zain -ul-Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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31
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Huang Z, Yang L, Zhang X, Ruan B, Hu X, Deng X, Cai Q, Yang X. Synthesis and Fluorescent Property of Biodegradable Polyphosphazene Targeting Long-Term in Vivo Tracking. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of
Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lika Yang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of
Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bingyuan Ruan
- State Key
Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of
Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Sports Injury, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key
Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of
Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of
Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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32
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Polymeric Electrospinning for Musculoskeletal Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Fabrication and in vitro biological activity of βTCP-Chitosan-Fucoidan composite for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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34
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Qiu J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Wu Z, Liu C. A Ph-Sensitive Drug Carrier Based on Maleic Acid-Substituted Cyclotriphosphazene. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.999860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhangxin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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35
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Yu X, Tang X, Gohil SV, Laurencin CT. Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1268-85. [PMID: 25846250 PMCID: PMC4507442 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for bone tissue regeneration have been continuously evolving for the last 25 years since the introduction of the "tissue engineering" concept. The convergence of the life, physical, and engineering sciences has brought in several advanced technologies available to tissue engineers and scientists. This resulted in the creation of a new multidisciplinary field termed as "regenerative engineering". In this article, the role of biomaterials in bone regenerative engineering is systematically reviewed to elucidate the new design criteria for the next generation of biomaterials for bone regenerative engineering. The exemplary design of biomaterials harnessing various materials characteristics towards successful bone defect repair and regeneration is highlighted. Particular attention is given to the attempts of incorporating advanced materials science, stem cell technologies, and developmental biology into biomaterials design to engineer and develop the next generation bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268
| | - Shalini V. Gohil
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268
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36
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Modzelewski T, Hotham I, Allcock HR. Deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite on negatively charged polyphosphazene surfaces. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Modzelewski
- Department of Chemistry; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ian Hotham
- Department of Chemistry; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
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37
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Huang Z, Liu X, Chen S, Lu Q, Sun G. Injectable and cross-linkable polyphosphazene hydrogels for space-filling scaffolds. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Injectable and cross-linkable polyphosphazene hydrogel for space-filling scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xunwei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging
- Jinan Military General Hospital
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging
- Jinan Military General Hospital
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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38
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Akram M, Wang L, Yu H, Amer WA, Khalid H, Abbasi NM, Chen Y, Zain-ul-Abdin, Saleem M, Tong R. Polyphophazenes as anti-cancer drug carriers: From synthesis to application. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Shan D, Huang Z, Zhao Y, Cai Q, Yang X. Improving the miscibility of biodegradable polyester/polyphosphazene blends using cross-linkable polyphosphazene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:061001. [PMID: 25426734 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/6/061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters and polyphosphazenes are both promising biomaterials for tissue regeneration. A combination of both materials would provide additional advantages over the individual components in aspects of biocompatibility and osteocompatibility. Applications of polyester/polyphosphazene composites, however, were limited due to the severe phase separation. In this study, cross-linkable poly(glycine ethyl ester-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)phosphazene (PGHP) was synthesized. It was blended with poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) or poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), using chloroform as a mutual solvent, and photo-crosslinked before solvent removal. The resulting PLLA (or PLGA)/PGHP composites demonstrated no significant phase separation due to the restricting function of the crosslinked PGHP polymeric network. In comparison with uncrosslinked blends, the mechanical properties of crosslinked composites were remarkably improved, which indicated their strong potential in bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingying Shan
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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40
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Rothemund S, Aigner TB, Iturmendi A, Rigau M, Husár B, Hildner F, Oberbauer E, Prambauer M, Olawale G, Forstner R, Liska R, Schröder KR, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Degradable Glycine-Based Photo-Polymerizable Polyphosphazenes for Use as Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:351-63. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rothemund
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Welser Straße 42 Leonding A-4060 Austria
| | - Tamara B. Aigner
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Welser Straße 42 Leonding A-4060 Austria
- Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik (TCKT) GmbH; Franz-Fritsch-Strasse 11 A-4600 Wels Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Welser Straße 42 Leonding A-4060 Austria
- Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik (TCKT) GmbH; Franz-Fritsch-Strasse 11 A-4600 Wels Austria
| | - Maria Rigau
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Krankenhausstraße 7 A-4017 Linz Austria
| | - Branislav Husár
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Florian Hildner
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Krankenhausstraße 7 A-4017 Linz Austria
| | - Eleni Oberbauer
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Krankenhausstraße 7 A-4017 Linz Austria
| | - Martina Prambauer
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Welser Straße 42 Leonding A-4060 Austria
- Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik (TCKT) GmbH; Franz-Fritsch-Strasse 11 A-4600 Wels Austria
| | - Gbenga Olawale
- BioMed-zet Life Science GmbH; Industriezeile 36 A-4020 Linz Austria
| | - Reinhard Forstner
- Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik (TCKT) GmbH; Franz-Fritsch-Strasse 11 A-4600 Wels Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Welser Straße 42 Leonding A-4060 Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Welser Straße 42 Leonding A-4060 Austria
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41
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Hu L, Zhang A, Yu Y, Zheng Z, Du S, Cheng X. Synthesis of hybrid crosslinked polyphosphazenes and investigation of their properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-014-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Ozay H, Ozay O. Synthesis and characterization of drug microspheres containing phosphazene for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Abstract
Disease and injury have resulted in a large, unmet need for functional tissue replacements. Polymeric scaffolds can be used to deliver cells and bioactive signals to address this need for regenerating damaged tissue. Phosphorous-containing polymers have been implemented to improve and accelerate the formation of native tissue both by mimicking the native role of phosphorous groups in the body and by attachment of other bioactive molecules. This manuscript reviews the synthesis, properties, and performance of phosphorous-containing polymers that can be useful in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M. Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - F. Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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44
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Kagit R, Yildirim M, Ozay O, Yesilot S, Ozay H. Phosphazene Based Multicentered Naked-Eye Fluorescent Sensor with High Selectivity for Fe3+ Ions. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2144-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402783x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Kagit
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yildirim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis
Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozay
- Lapseki Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing
Technologies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Lapseki/Canakkale 17800, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yesilot
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Hava Ozay
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
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45
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Morozowich NL, Lerach JO, Modzelewski T, Jackson L, Winograd N, Allcock HR. Characterization of hydroxyapatite deposition on biomimetic polyphosphazenes by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li Y, Shi Y, Duan S, Shan D, Wu Z, Cai Q, Yang X. Electrospun biodegradable polyorganophosphazene fibrous matrix with poly(dopamine) coating for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3894-902. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhou Shi
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Duan
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Dingying Shan
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Cai
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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47
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Teasdale I, Brüggemann O. Polyphosphazenes: Multifunctional, Biodegradable Vehicles for Drug and Gene Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2013; 5:161-187. [PMID: 24729871 PMCID: PMC3982046 DOI: 10.3390/polym5010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly[(organo)phosphazenes] are a unique class of extremely versatile polymers with a range of applications including tissue engineering and drug delivery, as hydrogels, shape memory polymers and as stimuli responsive materials. This review aims to divulge the basic principles of designing polyphosphazenes for drug and gene delivery and portray the huge potential of these extremely versatile materials for such applications. Polyphosphazenes offer a number of distinct advantages as carriers for bioconjugates; alongside their completely degradable backbone, to non-toxic degradation products, they possess an inherently and uniquely high functionality and, thanks to recent advances in their polymer chemistry, can be prepared with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities, as well as self-assembled supra-molecular structures. Importantly, the rate of degradation/hydrolysis of the polymers can be carefully tuned to suit the desired application. In this review we detail the recent developments in the chemistry of polyphosphazenes, relevant to drug and gene delivery and describe recent investigations into their application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
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48
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Liu X, Breon JP, Chen C, Allcock HR. Substituent Exchange Reactions with High Polymeric Organophosphazenes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Jonathan P. Breon
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
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49
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Liu X, Breon JP, Chen C, Allcock HR. Substituent Exchange Reactions of Linear Oligomeric Aryloxyphosphazenes with Sodium 2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxide. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11910-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301808v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Breon
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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50
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Morozowich NL, Modzelewski T, Allcock HR. Synthesis of Phosphonated Polyphosphazenes via Two Synthetic Routes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301679k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Morozowich
- Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Tomasz Modzelewski
- Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
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