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Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Dai S, Zhou W, Duan L, Tang K, Yang Z, Cao R, Tay F, Niu L, Chen J. High-Performance Dental Resins Containing a Starburst Monomer. J Dent Res 2024; 103:536-545. [PMID: 38549255 PMCID: PMC11145299 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241232312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethacrylate-based chemistries feature extensively as resin monomers in dental resin-based materials due to their distinguished overall performance. However, challenges endure, encompassing inadequate mechanical attributes, volumetric shrinkage, and estrogenicity. Herein, we first synthesized a novel resin monomer, 9-armed starburst polyurethane acrylate (NPUA), via the grafting-onto approach. Compared to the primary commercial dental monomer 2,2-bis [p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA) (with a viscosity of 1,174 ± 3 Pa·s and volumetric shrinkage of 4.7% ± 0.1%), the NPUA monomer achieves the lower viscosity (158 ± 1 Pa·s), volumetric shrinkage (2.5% ± 0.1%), and cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). The NPUA-based resins exhibit the higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and hydrophobicity and lower volumetric shrinkage, water absorption, and solubility compared to the Bis-GMA (70 wt%)/TEGDMA (30 wt%) resins. The NPUA-based composites exhibit significantly higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness and lower volumetric shrinkage (171.4 ± 3.0 MPa, 12.6 ± 0.5 GPa, 2.0 ± 0.2 GPa, and 3.4% ± 0.2%, respectively) compared to the Bis-GMA group (120.3 ± 4.7 MPa, 9.4 ± 0.7 GPa, 1.5 ± 0.1 GPa, and 4.7% ± 0.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). This work presents a viable avenue for augmenting the physicochemical attributes of dental resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Q. Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - W. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - L.Y. Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - K. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Z.Y. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Stomatology, 923th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Nanning, China
| | - R.J. Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - F.R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L.N. Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - J.H. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Ibrahim N, Tariq M, Anjum A, Varshney H, Gaur K, Subhan I, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Evaluation of the toxic potential of Bisphenol-A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) on the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae026. [PMID: 38450176 PMCID: PMC10913391 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the present study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) was studied on the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg9. Materials and methods The concentration of BisGMA i.e. 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M were established in diet and the larvae were allowed to feed on it for 24 h. Results A dose dependent significant increase in the activity of β-galactosidase was observed compared to control. A significant dose dependent tissue damage was observed in the larvae exposed to 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M of BisGMA compared to control. A dose dependent significant increase in the Oxidative stress markers was observed compared to control. BisGMA also exhibit significant DNA damaged in the third instar larvae of transgenic D. melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg9 at the doses of 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M compared to control. Conclusion BisGMA at 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 M was found to be cytotoxic for the third instar larvae of transgenic D. melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Ibrahim
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tariq
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Arbab Anjum
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Himanshi Varshney
- Laboratory of Alternative Animal Models, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Kajal Gaur
- Laboratory of Alternative Animal Models, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Iqra Subhan
- Laboratory of Alternative Animal Models, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Smita Jyoti
- Department of Zoology, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, 244102, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Laboratory of Alternative Animal Models, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
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Yu Y, Guo X, Chen J, Zhao Y, Song J, Alshawwa H, Zou X, Zhao H, Zhang Z. Biodegradation of Urethane Dimethacrylate-based materials (CAD/CAM resin-ceramic composites) and its effect on the adhesion and proliferation of Streptococcus mutans. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106280. [PMID: 38043260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) -based dental restorative materials biodegrade in the presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and whether the monomers affect the adhesion and proliferation of S. mutans in turn. METHODS Cholesterol esterase and pseudocholinesterase-like activities in S. mutans were detected using p-nitrophenyl substrate. Two UDMA-based CAD/CAM resin-ceramic composites, Lava Ultimate (LU) and Vita Enamic (VE), and a light-cured UDMA resin block were co-cultured with S. mutans for 14 days. Their surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and laser microscopy, and the byproducts of biodegradation were examined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Then, the antimicrobial components (silver nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium salts) were added to the UDMA resin block to detect whether the biodegradation was restrained. Finally, the effect of UDMA on biofilm formation and virulence expression of S. mutans was assessed. RESULTS Following a 14-day immersion, the LU and UDMA resin blocks' surface roughness increased. The LU and VE groups had no UDMA or its byproducts discovered, according to the UPLC-MS/MS data, whereas the light-cured UDMA block group had UDMA, urethane methacrylate (UMA), and urethane detected. The addition of antimicrobial agents showed a significant reduction in the release of UDMA. Biofilm staining experiments showed that UDMA promoted the growth of S. mutans biofilm and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated that 50 μg/mL UDMA significantly increase the expression of gtfB, comC, comD, comE, and gbpB genes within the biofilm. CONCLUSIONS UDMA in the light-cured resin can be biodegraded to produce UMA and urethane under the influence of S. mutans. The formation of early biofilm can be promoted and the expression of cariogenic genes can be up-regulated by UDMA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study focuses for the first time on whether UDMA-based materials can undergo biodegradation and verifies from a genetic perspective that UDMA can promote the formation of S. mutans biofilms, providing a reference for the rational use of UDMA-based materials in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Jiazhuo Song
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Hamed Alshawwa
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Chang MC, Chen JH, Lee HN, Chen SY, Zhong BH, Dhingra K, Pan YH, Chang HH, Chen YJ, Jeng JH. Inducing cathepsin L expression/production, lysosomal activation, and autophagy of human dental pulp cells by dentin bonding agents, camphorquinone and BisGMA and the related mechanisms. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213253. [PMID: 36563508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Camphorquinone (CQ) and resin monomers are included in dentin bonding agents (DBAs) and composite resin to restore tooth defects due to abrasion, crown fracture, or dental caries. DBAs, CQ, and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) applications influence the biological activities of the dental pulp. The current investigation aimed to delineate the effect of DBAs, CQ, and BisGMA on cathepsin L production/expression, lysosomal activity, and autophagy induction in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). HDPCs were exposed to DBAs, CQ, or BisGMA with/without inhibitors for 24 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the cathepsin L level in culture medium. The cell layer was utilized to measure cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl -tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression. Western blotting or immunofluorescent staining was used to study protein expression. Lysosomal density was evaluated by lysotracker red staining. We found that DBAs, CQ, and BisGMA stimulated cathepsin L mRNA, protein expression, and production in HDPCs. In addition, CQ and BisGMA induced lysosomal activity, Beclin1, ATG12, LC3B, Bax, and p53 expression in HDPCs, indicating the stimulation of autophagy. Glutathione (GSH) prevented CQ- and BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, E64d, cathepsin L inhibitor (two cathepsin inhibitors), and Pifithrin-α (a p53 inhibitor) showed little preventive effect toward CQ- and BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity. Autophagy inhibitors (NH4Cl, Lys05) mildly enhanced the CQ- and BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate that DBAs stimulated cathepsin L, possibly due to their content of CQ and BisGMA that may induce cathepsin L in HDPCs. CQ and BisGMA stimulated lysosomal activity, autophagy, and apoptosis, possibly via induction of Beclin 1, ATG12, LC-3B, Bax, and p53 expression. In addition, CQ and BisGMA cytotoxicity was related to redox change and autophagy. These events are important role in pulpal changes after the restoration of tooth decay using CQ- and BisGMA-containing DBAs and resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hao Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Na Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyuan-Yow Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Hao Zhong
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunaal Dhingra
- Periodontics Division, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tsai YL, Wang CY, Chuang FH, Pan YH, Lin YR, Dhingra K, Liao PS, Huang FS, Chang MC, Jeng JH. Stimulation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysacch aride mediates interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 mRNA/protein expression in pulpal inflammation. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:47-57. [PMID: 36031486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The signaling mechanisms for Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS)-induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells are not fully clarified. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in PgLPS-induced pulpal inflammation. METHODS Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were challenged with PgLPS with or without pretreatment and coincubation with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002). The gene or protein levels of PI3K, Akt, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and osteonectin were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze IL-6 and IL-8 levels in culture medium. RESULTS In response to 5 μg/ml PgLPS, IL-6, IL-8, and PI3K, but not Akt mRNA expression of HDPCs, was upregulated. IL-6, IL-8, PI3K, and p-Akt protein levels were stimulated by 10-50 μg/ml of PgLPS in HDPCs. PgLPS also induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion at concentrations higher than 5 μg/ml. Pretreatment and co-incubation by LY294002 attenuated PgLPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in HDPCs. The mRNA expression of ALP, but not osteocalcin and osteonectin, was inhibited by higher concentrations of PgLPS in HDPCs. CONCLUSION P. gingivalis contributes to pulpal inflammation in HDPCs by dysregulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to stimulate IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA/protein expression and secretion. These results are useful for understanding the pulpal inflammation and possible biomarkers of inflamed pulp diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsiung Chuang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ru Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunaal Dhingra
- Periodontics Division, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pai-Shien Liao
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Shung Huang
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chi Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Biodegradation of Dental Resin-Based Composite—A Potential Factor Affecting the Bonding Effect: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092313. [PMID: 36140414 PMCID: PMC9496159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, although resin composite has played an important role in the restoration of tooth defects, it still has several disadvantages, including being biodegraded by saliva, bacteria and other enzymes in the oral cavity, which may result in repair failure. This factor is not conducive to the long-term survival of the prosthesis in the mouth. In this article, we review the causes, influencing factors and prevention methods of resin biodegradation. Biodegradation is mainly caused by esterase in saliva and bacteria, which breaks the ester bond in resin and causes the release of monomers. The mechanical properties of the prosthesis can then be affected. Meanwhile, cathepsin and MMPs are activated on the bonding surface, which may decompose the dentin collagen. In addition, neutrophils and residual water on the bonding surface can also aggravate biodegradation. Currently, the primary methods to prevent biodegradation involve adding antibacterial agents to resin, inhibiting the activity of MMPs and enhancing the crosslinking of collagen fibers. All of the above indicates that in the preparation and adhesion of resin materials, attention should be paid to the influence of biodegradation to improve the prosthesis’s service life in the complex environment of the oral cavity.
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Chang MC, Wang TM, Chien HH, Pan YH, Tsai YL, Jeng PY, Lin LD, Jeng JH. Effect of butyrate, a bacterial by-product, on the viability and ICAM-1 expression/production of human vascular endothelial cells: Role in infectious pulpal/periapical diseases. Int Endod J 2021; 55:38-53. [PMID: 34420220 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of butyric acid (BA), a metabolic product generated by pulp and root canal pathogens, on the viability and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) production of endothelial cells, which are crucial to angiogenesis and pulpal/periapical wound healing. METHODOLOGY Endothelial cells were exposed to butyrate with/without inhibitors. Cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using an MTT assay, PI/annexin V and DCF fluorescence flow cytometry respectively. RNA and protein expression was determined using a polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blotting or immunofluorescent staining. Soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The quantitative results were expressed as mean ± standard error (SE) of the mean. The data were analysed using a paired Student's t-test where necessary. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference between groups. RESULTS Butyrate (>4 mM) inhibited cell viability and induced cellular apoptosis and necrosis. It inhibited cyclin B1 but stimulated p21 and p27 expression. Butyrate stimulated ROS production and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression as well as activated the Ac-H3, p-ATM, p-ATR, p-Chk1, p-Chk2, p-p38 and p-Akt expression of endothelial cells. Butyrate stimulated ICAM-1 mRNA/protein expression and significant sICAM-1 production (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase, 5z-7oxozeaenol, SB203580 and compound C (p < .05), but not ZnPP, CGK733, AZD7762 or LY294002, attenuated butyrate cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. Notably, little effect on butyrate-stimulated sICAM-1 secretion was found. Valproic acid, phenylbutyrate and trichostatin (three histone deacetylase inhibitors) significantly induced sICAM-1 production (p < .05). CONCLUSION Butyric acid inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, stimulated ROS and HO-1 production and increased ICAM-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in endothelial cells. Cell viability affected by BA was diminished by some inhibitors; however, the increased sICAM-1 secretion by BA was not affected by any of the tested inhibitors. These results facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of pulpal/periapical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Mei Wang
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Hong Chien
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Zeng B, Cai Z, Lalevée J, Yang Q, Lai H, Xiao P, Liu J, Xing F. Cytotoxic and cytocompatible comparison among seven photoinitiators-triggered polymers in different tissue cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105103. [PMID: 33516932 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used for photopolymerization in industrial area and recently paid close attention to in biomedical field. However, there are few reports on their toxicity to human health. Here we explored cytotoxicity and cytocompatibilty of seven commercial and industrial-used PIs for developing their potential clinical application. Phenylbis(acyl) phosphine oxides (BAPO), 2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4'-morpholinobutyrophenone (369), 4,4'-Bis(diethylamino) benzophenone (EMK), Diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO), and 2-Isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) caused different extent cytotoxicities to four tissue types of cells at the concentrations of 1 to 50 μM under a non-irradiation condition, of which the BAPO cytotoxicity was the highest, whereas Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate (TPOL) and Methyl benzoylformate (MBF) displayed the lowest cellular toxicity. The cell lines and primary cells appeared highly sensitive to BAPO toxicity, the primary lymphocytes relatively to photoinitiator 369 (369) and EMK toxicities, LO2 cells to EMK and TPO toxicities, the primary lymphocytes and HUVEC-12 cells to MBF toxicity, but only HEK293T cells not to 369 toxicity. Furthermore, these PIs led to increasing cytotoxicity to different extents after exposure to 455 nm blue light, which is consistent with non-irradiation tendency. All the cells presented low sensitivity to TPOL and MBF, of which TPOL-triggered polymer is dramatically superior in its cytocompatibility to MBF, and in its transparency to clinically exclusively-used camphorquinone (CQ). The novel findings indicate that BAPO is the most toxic among the seven PIs, but TPOL and MBF are the least toxic, directing their development and application. Combined their triggered polymer cytocompatibility and color with reported deep curing efficiency, TPOL is more promising to be applied especially to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Zeng
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlong Cai
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Qizhi Yang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwang Lai
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Park SM, Rhee WR, Park KM, Kim YJ, Ahn J, Knowles JC, Kim J, Shin J, Jang TS, Jun SK, Lee HH, Lee JH. Calcium Silicate-Based Biocompatible Light-Curable Dental Material for Dental Pulpal Complex. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030596. [PMID: 33673632 PMCID: PMC7997209 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries causes tooth defects and clinical treatment is essential. To prevent further damage and protect healthy teeth, appropriate dental material is a need. However, the biocompatibility of dental material is needed to secure the oral environment. For this purpose, biocompatible materials were investigated for incorporated with dental capping material. Among them, nanomaterials are applied to dental materials to enhance their chemical, mechanical, and biological properties. This research aimed to study the physicochemical and mechanical properties and biocompatibility of a recently introduced light-curable mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-like material without bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA). To overcome the compromised mechanical properties in the absence of Bis-GMA, silica nanoparticles were synthesized and blended with a dental polymer for the formation of a nano-network. This material was compared with a conventional light-curable MTA-like material that contains Bis-GMA. Investigation of the physiochemical properties followed ISO 4049. Hydroxyl and calcium ion release from the materials was measured over 21 days. The Vickers hardness test and three-point flexural strength test were used to assess the mechanical properties. Specimens were immersed in solutions that mimicked human body plasma for seven days, and surface characteristics were analyzed. Biological properties were assessed by cytotoxicity and biomineralization tests. There was no significant difference between the tested materials with respect to overall physicochemical properties and released calcium ions. The newly produced material released more calcium ions on the third day, but 14 days later, the other material containing Bis-GMA released higher levels of calcium ions. The microhardness was reduced in a low pH environment, and differences between the specimens were observed. The flexural strength of the newly developed material was significantly higher, and different surface morphologies were detected. The recently produced extract showed higher cell viability at an extract concentration of 100%, while mineralization was clear at the conventional concentration of 25%. No significant changes in the physical properties between Bis-GMA incorporate material and nanoparticle incorporate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Woo-Rim Rhee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (W.-R.R.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Kyu-Min Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (W.-R.R.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Junyong Ahn
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LT, UK
| | - Jongbin Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Jisun Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-medi, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Soo-Kyung Jun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (W.-R.R.); (K.-M.P.)
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanseo University, 46. Hanseo 1-ro, Haemi-Myun, Seosan 31962, Chungcheognam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-K.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3081 (S.-K.J. & H.-H.L. & J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-41-559-7839 (S.-K.J. & H.-H.L. & J.-H.L.)
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (W.-R.R.); (K.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.-K.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3081 (S.-K.J. & H.-H.L. & J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-41-559-7839 (S.-K.J. & H.-H.L. & J.-H.L.)
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (W.-R.R.); (K.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.-K.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3081 (S.-K.J. & H.-H.L. & J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-41-559-7839 (S.-K.J. & H.-H.L. & J.-H.L.)
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11
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Siemer K, Husari A, Vach K, Tomakidi P, Hellwig E, Schulz SD, Polydorou O. N-Acetylcysteine modulates the effects of composites on human gingival keratinocytes. Dent Mater 2021; 37:597-611. [PMID: 33551189 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate, if antioxidants, like N-Acetylcysteine, can modulate effects of composite eluates on human gingival keratinocytes. METHODS Composite samples of ceram.x® universal, Filtek™ Supreme XTE, and Admira® Fusion were stored 72h in cell culture medium to prepare eluates, according to ISO 10993-12:2012. Human gingival keratinocytes were exposed to these eluates with or without 3mM N-Acetylcysteine. Following cell observation by iCELLigence®, exposure periods were determined at 1d and 4d. Cell morphological analysis combined with live/dead staining was performed. Tissue-specific biomarkers of terminal differentiation, Involucrin and Filaggrin, were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and Western blot (WB). qPCR profiling was performed on genes encoding for: inflammation, apoptosis, turn-over of extracellular matrix, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. For statistical analysis one-way Anova was used (p<0.05). RESULTS Cells exposed to N-Acetylcysteine exhibited morphological changes but no cell death. After adding 3mM N-Acetylcysteine to HGK cultures, increased fluorescence intensity and protein amounts of Involucrin and Filaggrin indicated enhanced differentiation (p<0.05). Gene expression was modulated by: (i) composition of the composite eluates, (ii) NAC and (iii) exposure time. Filtek™ Supreme XTE showed a significant increased gene expression in inflammatory genes (p<0.05), which was amplified by the addition of NAC at 1d. Concerning exposure time, modulated gene expression showed eluate dependency, substantiated by Filtek™ Supreme XTE modulation at day 1 and Admira® Fusion at day 4. SIGNIFICANCE N-Acetylcysteine-emerging effects on gingival keratinocytes were threefold: (i) increase of differentiation, (ii) modulation of composite-related effects and (iii) in parts counteraction of eluate-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Siemer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - A Husari
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S D Schulz
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Su CH, Wu SW, Lee SS, Lee MW, Yeh KL, Chiang CY, Tu DG, Lu YC, Kuan YH. Rutin-protected BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in macrophages through the reduction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and induction of antioxidant enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:45-54. [PMID: 32830914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a resin monomer frequently used in dentin restorative treatments. The leakage of BisGMA monomer from BisGMA-based polymeric resins can lead to cytotoxicity in macrophages. Rutin has various beneficial bioeffects, including antioxidation and antiinflammation. In this study, we found that pretreatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with rutin-inhibited cytotoxicity induced by BisGMA in a concentration-dependent manner. BisGMA-induced apoptosis, which was detected by levels of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and formation of sub-G1, and genotoxicity, which was detected by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by rutin in a concentration-dependent manner. Rutin suppressed the BisGMA-induced activation of caspase-3 and -9 rather than caspase-8. Rutin inhibited the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, including cytochrome C release and mitochondria disruption, after macrophages were treated with BisGMA. Finally, BisGMA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) deactivation could be reversed by rutin. Parallel trends were observed in the elevation of AOE activation and inhibition of ROS generation, caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation, and genotoxicity. These results suggested that rutin suppressed BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity through genotoxicity, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and relatively upstream factors, including reduction of ROS generation and induction of AOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Lee
- A Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Chang MC, Tang CM, Lin YH, Liu HC, Wang TM, Lan WC, Cheng RH, Lin YR, Chang HH, Jeng JH. Toxic mechanisms of Roth801, Canals, microparticles and nanoparticles of ZnO on MG-63 osteoblasts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111635. [PMID: 33321673 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ZnO eugenol-based materials are widely used for restoration of caries cavity, apical retrograde filling and root canal sealer. Their effects on apical bone healing await investigation. The toxic mechanisms of ZnO particles and nanoparticles to MG-63 osteoblastic cells were studied. We found the different morphology and size of various particles as observed by scanning electron microscope. Particles of Canals and Roth801 were larger than ZnO-205532 microparticles and ZnO-677450 nanoparticles. Four ZnO particles showed cytotoxicity (>25 μg/ml) as analyzed by MTT. Transmission electron microscope found intracellular vacuoles with particle content. Exposure to ZnO particles induced ROS production and cell cycle arrest as studied by DCF and propidium iodide flow cytometry. ZnO particles activated ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, γ-H2AX, ERK and p38 phosphorylation as detected by immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. The protein expression of cdc2, cyclin B1 and cdc25C were decreased, whereas GADD45α and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were stimulated. ZnO particles' cytotoxicity to MG63 cells was prevented by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not CGK733, AZD7762, U0126 and SB203580. ZnO showed little effect on IL-8 and sICAM-1 secretion. These results indicated that ZnO particles are toxic to osteoblasts. ZnO particles' toxicity were related to ROS, and DNA damage responses, checkpoint kinases, cell cycle arrest, ERK and p38 signaling, but not IL-8 and ICAM-1. These results were useful for materials' development and promote apical healing. Dentists should avoid of extruding ZnO-based sealers excessively over root apex and prevent residual ZnO-based retrograde filling materials in apical area during endodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Mei Tang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | - Tong-Mei Wang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Lan
- Department of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management & Health, Keelong, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsiu Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ru Lin
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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14
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Pagano S, Lombardo G, Costanzi E, Balloni S, Bruscoli S, Flamini S, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Morpho-functional effects of different universal dental adhesives on human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Odontology 2020; 109:524-539. [PMID: 33211211 PMCID: PMC7954759 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effects of four universal adhesives (Optibond Solo Plus—OB, Universal Bond—UB, Prime&Bond Active—PBA, FuturaBond M + —FB) on human gingival fibroblasts in terms of cytotoxicity, morphology and function. After in vitro exposure for up to 48 h, fibroblast viability was determined by the MTT assay determined, morphology by phase-contrast microscopy and migration by the scratch wound assay. Expression levels of IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα and VEGF genes were assessed by RT-PCR and their protein production by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. OB and UB induced early morphological changes on fibroblasts (3 h) with extended cell death at 24 h/48 h. Gene expression of collagen type I and fibronectin increased fivefold compared with controls, elastin disappeared and elastase increased threefold, indicating gingival tissue tended to become fibrotic. Only UB and OB increased gene expression of inflammatory markers: IL1β at 3 and 48 h (up to about three times), IL6 and IL8 at 3 h (up to almost four times) which corresponded to the increase of the activated form NF-kB. All adhesives showed an effect on the functionality of fibroblasts with cytotoxic effect time and concentration dependent. Among all the OB and UB adhesives, they showed the greatest cell damage. The in-depth analysis of the effects of universal adhesives and possible functional effects represents an important information for the clinician towards choosing the most suitable adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Egidia Costanzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valenti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
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15
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Chang HH, Chen IL, Wang YL, Chang MC, Tsai YL, Lan WC, Wang TM, Yeung SY, Jeng JH. Regulation of the regenerative activity of dental pulp stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) of children by TGF-β1 is associated with ALK5/Smad2, TAK1, p38 and MEK/ERK signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21253-21272. [PMID: 33148869 PMCID: PMC7695363 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates wound healing/regeneration and aging processes. Dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are cell sources for treatment of age-related disorders. We studied the effect of TGF-β1 on SHED and related signaling. SHED were treated with TGF-β1 with/without pretreatment/co-incubation by SB431542, U0126, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol or SB203580. Sircol collagen assay, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, RT-PCR, western blotting and PathScan phospho-ELISA were used to measure the effects. We found that SHED expressed ALK1, ALK3, ALK5, TGF-RII, betaglycan and endoglin mRNA. TGF-β1 stimulated p-Smad2, p-TAK1, p-ERK, p-p38 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. It enhanced proliferation and collagen content of SHED that were attenuated by SB431542, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol and SB203580, but not U0126. TGF-β1 (0.5-1 ng/ml) stimulated ALP of SHED, whereas 5-10 ng/ml TGF-β1 suppressed ALP. SB431542 reversed the effects of TGF-β1. However, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, SB203580 and U0126 only reversed the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 on ALP. Four inhibitors attenuated TGF-β1-induced COX-2 expression. TGF-β1-stimulated TIMP-1 and N-cadherin was inhibited by SB431542 and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. These results indicate that TGF-β1 affects SHED by differential regulation of ALK5/Smad2/3, TAK1, p38 and MEK/ERK. TGF-β1 and SHED could potentially be used for tissue engineering/regeneration and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Il-Ly Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Lan
- Department of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Mei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kaufman G, Skrtic D. N-Acetyl Cysteine Modulates the Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses of Rescued Growth-Arrested Dental Pulp Microtissues Exposed to TEGDMA in ECM. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197318. [PMID: 33023018 PMCID: PMC7582816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is exposed to resin monomers leaching from capping materials. Toxic doses of the monomer, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), impact cell growth, enhance inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and lead to tissue necrosis. A therapeutic agent is required to rescue growth-arrested tissues by continuing their development and modulating the exacerbated responses. The functionality of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) as a treatment was assessed by employing a 3D dental pulp microtissue platform. Immortalized and primary microtissues developed and matured in the extracellular matrix (ECM). TEGDMA was introduced at various concentrations. NAC was administered simultaneously with TEGDMA, before or after monomer addition during the development and after the maturation stages of the microtissue. Spatial growth was validated by confocal microscopy and image processing. Levels of inflammatory (COX2, NLRP3, IL-8) and oxidative stress (GSH, Nrf2) markers were quantified by immunoassays. NAC treatments, in parallel with TEGDMA challenge or post-challenge, resumed the growth of the underdeveloped microtissues and protected mature microtissues from deterioration. Growth recovery correlated with the alleviation of both responses by decreasing significantly the intracellular and extracellular levels of the markers. Our 3D/ECM-based dental pulp platform is an efficient tool for drug rescue screening. NAC supports compromised microtissues development, and immunomodulates and maintains the oxidative balance.
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Torres CRG, Mailart MC, Rocha RS, Sellan PLB, Contreras SCM, Di Nicoló R, Borges AB. The influence of a liner on deep bulk-fill restorations: Randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2020; 102:103454. [PMID: 32835711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a liner on the clinical performance of deep posterior restorations performed with bulk-fill composite. METHODS 30 subjects received two restorations on deep preparations in posterior teeth, without pulpal exposure, after selective carious-tissue removal in one-stage. The internal walls reached the inner quarter of dentin, but with a radiographically detectable zone of firm dentin remaining. The pulpal protection using a layer of glass ionomer composite liner (Ionoseal, Voco) was applied in just one preparation. The adhesive system Futurabond U (Voco) was applied in all preparations, which were restored with the bulk-fill pure Ormocer nanohybrid composite (Admira Fusion Xtra - Voco), in up to 4 mm thick increments. All restorations were evaluated using the FDI criteria after 7 days, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS After 24-months, 25 patients attended the recall and 50 restorations were evaluated. The Fisher's statistical analysis (5%) showed no difference between the techniques for the esthetic, functional and biological properties. No postoperative sensitivity was reported for both groups. CONCLUSION The application of a liner did not influence the clinical performance of deep restorations with bulk-fill Ormocer composite. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The application of a liner with a GIC-based material did not have a significant effect on the clinical performance of bulk-fill restorations and seems to be unnecessary for the material tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Cintra Mailart
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Santos Rocha
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Lenin Benitez Sellan
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Sheila Célia Mondragón Contreras
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca Di Nicoló
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José Dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
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Wang X, Tang S, Qin F, Liu Y, Liang Z, Cai H, Mo L, Xiao D, Guo S, Ouyang Y, Sun B, Lu C, Li X. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics study of LCMT1 overexpression and oxidative stress: overexpression of LCMT1 arrests H 2O 2-induced lose of cells viability. Redox Rep 2020; 24:1-9. [PMID: 30898057 PMCID: PMC6748586 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2019.1595332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine
phosphatase, is also known to be a target of ROS. The methylation of PP2A can be
catalyzed by leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 (LCMT1), which regulates PP2A
activity and substrate specificity. Methods: In the previous study, we have showed that LCMT1-dependent
PP2Ac methylation arrests H2O2-induced cell oxidative
stress damage. To explore the possible protective mechanism, we performed
iTRAQ-based comparative quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics studies of
H2O2-treated vector control and LCMT1-overexpressing
cells. Results: A total of 4480 non-redundant proteins and 3801 unique
phosphopeptides were identified by this means. By comparing the
H2O2-regulated proteins in LCMT1-overexpressing and
vector control cells, we found that these differences were mainly related to
protein phosphorylation, gene expression, protein maturation, the cytoskeleton
and cell division. Further investigation of LCMT1 overexpression-specific
regulated proteins under H2O2 treatment supported the idea
that LCMT1 overexpression induced ageneral dephosphorylation of proteins and
indicated increased expression of non-erythrocytic hemoglobin, inactivation of
MAPK3 and regulation of proteins related to Rho signal transduction, which were
known to be linked to the regulation of the cytoskeleton. Discussion: These data provide proteomics and phosphoproteomics
insights into the association of LCMT1-dependent PP2Ac methylation and oxidative
stress and indirectly indicate that the methylation of PP2A plays an important
role against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Wang
- a School of Preclinical Medicine , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Tang
- a School of Preclinical Medicine , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Qin
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Laiming Mo
- a School of Preclinical Medicine , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Xiao
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Songcao Guo
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Ouyang
- d Laboratory Animal Centre , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Cailing Lu
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyi Li
- b School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China.,c Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang S, Xiong Y, Lalevée J, Xiao P, Liu J, Xing F. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of novel photoinitiator π-conjugated dithienophosphole derivatives and their triggered polymers. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 63:104720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Chang HH, Shih WC, Wang YL, Tsai YL, Chen YJ, Chang MC, Jeng JH. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DMABEE, a co-photoinitiator of resin polymerization, on CHO-K1 cells: Role of redox and carboxylesterase. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:2088-2098. [PMID: 31880385 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (DMABEE) is an important co-initiator for resin polymerization in dental resinous materials. As a radical forming chemical with high lipophilicity, the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of DMABEE deserve prudent investigation. In this study, we found that DMABEE reduced the viability and proliferation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells in a dose-dependent manner, and altered cell morphology at higher concentrations. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was induced by DMABEE at 0.25-0.75 mM, and cell proportion of sub-G0/G1 phase was significantly elevated at 1 mM while cell apoptosis was observed. Genotoxic effect was noted when cells were treated by 0.1 mM DMABEE, as revealed by increase of micronucleus formation. Reactive oxygen species overproduction was observed as cells treated with 0.75 and 1 mM, while elevation of intracellular glutathione was noticeable since 0.1 mM. Contrary to our expectation, pretreatment by N-acetyl-l-cysteine enhanced the toxicity of DMABEE on CHO-K1 cells. Catalase mildly reduced the toxic effect and carboxylesterase showed obvious ability to reverse the toxicity of DMABEE. These findings highlight the mechanism of DMABEE toxicity and provide clues for safety improvement of its application in clinical dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Shih
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Massaro H, Zambelli LFA, Britto AAD, Vieira RP, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Andia DC, Oliveira MT, Lima AF. Solvent and HEMA Increase Adhesive Toxicity and Cytokine Release from Dental Pulp Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172750. [PMID: 31461952 PMCID: PMC6747760 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) concentration and solvent content of dental adhesives on cell viability and cytokine (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) release by human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). HDPCs were obtained from fresh extracted human third molars. Experimental adhesives were prepared containing different concentrations of HEMA (0%, 10%, and 20%) with and without solvent (ethanol 10%). Cylindrical specimens were immersed on culture medium during 24 h to obtain the extracts. The cells were incubated with extracts (culture medium + components leached from the adhesives) of different adhesives, and cell viability and cytokine release were evaluated after 6 and 24 h of exposure. Adhesives containing HEMA promoted high cell viability reduction after 6 h of exposure; but after 24 h, the results were similar to the ones found among control group cells. These effects on cell viability were prominently increased with the addition of solvent. Although IL-1b release was not affected by exposure to eluates, other cytokines (IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) were modulated by the different experiment conditions, directly influenced by the HEMA concentration and presence of solvent. Higher HEMA concentrations, combined with the presence of solvent, can promote significant reduction on HDPC viability, increasing the release of anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Massaro
- Department of Endodontics, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Sao Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | | | - Auriléia A de Britto
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
- Department of Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos 12245-520, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 4050, São José dos Campos 12230-002, Brazil
| | - Ana P Ligeiro-de-Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Denise C Andia
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Sao Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Av. Interlagos, 1329-Chácara Flora, São Paulo SP 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Sao Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.
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22
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Huang S, Zheng B, Jin X, Yu Q, Zhang X, Sun X, Chen Y, Ren X, Wismeijer D, Ma J, Zhang C, Wu G, Pan Y. Blockade of Cyclophilin D Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Human Dental Pulp Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1729013. [PMID: 31089403 PMCID: PMC6476071 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1729013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological stimuli, such as bacterial activity, dental bleaching, and nonpolymerized resin monomers, can cause death of dental pulp cells (DPCs) through oxidative stress- (OS-) induced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the crucial molecular mechanisms that mediate such a phenomenon remain largely unknown. OS is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., H2O2, O2 -, and ·OH. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS and the principal attack target of ROS. Cyclophilin D (CypD), as the only crucial protein for mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) induction, facilitates the opening of mPTP and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell death. In the present study, we hypothesized that CypD-mediated mitochondrial molecular pathways were closely involved in the process of OS-induced death of human DPCs (HDPCs). We tested the phenotypic and molecular changes of HDPCs in a well-established OS model-H2O2 treatment. We showed that H2O2 dramatically reduced the viability and increased the death of HDPCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner by performing MTT, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays and quantifying the expression changes of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. H2O2 also induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as reflected by the increased mitochondrial ROS, reduced ATP production, and activation of mPTP (decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced intracellular Ca2+ level). An antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) effectively preserved mitochondrial function and significantly attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and death. Moreover, H2O2 treatment markedly upregulated the CypD protein level in HDPCs. Notably, genetic or pharmacological blockade of CypD significantly attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These findings provided novel insights into the role of a CypD-dependent mitochondrial pathway in the H2O2-induced death in HDPCs, indicating that CypD may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent OS-mediated injury in dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qihao Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Ren
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yihuai Pan
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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23
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Chang M, Chang B, Pan Y, Lin B, Lian Y, Lee M, Yeung S, Lin L, Jeng J. Antiplatelet, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory effects of hydroquinone. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18123-18130. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Bei‐En Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Bor‐Ru Lin
- Department of Diagnotherapeutics National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun‐Chia Lian
- Department of Dentistry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Shu Lee
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sin‐Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Li‐Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiiang‐Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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Cytotoxicity of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:7823467. [PMID: 30627569 PMCID: PMC6304575 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7823467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements with or without light irradiation on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) in vitro. Three self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX U200, Maxcem Elite and Multilink Speed) were cured with light or not. Cured cements were stored at 37°C for 24 h in water or Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) medium. Their chromatographic analysis of water-based extract solution was made and then the DMEM-based extract solution was diluted in complete DMEM {1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80 (v/v)} for evaluating cell relative growth rate and cell apoptosis/necrosis rate of HPDLFs. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent T test. Regardless of light irradiation, cell relative growth rate increased, and the apoptosis/necrosis rate of each resin cement decreased with the increase of gradient dilution. Regardless of gradient dilution, the cell relative growth rate and apoptosis/necrosis rate of RelyX U200 and Maxcem Elite with light irradiation were higher than those without light irradiation. Besides, without light irradiation, Multilink Speed showed higher cell relative growth rate and lower apoptosis/necrosis rate than other cements. Light irradiation and composition difference of self-adhesive resin cements could affect their cytotoxicity on HPDLFs.
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Chang MC, Chen YJ, Lian YC, Chang BE, Huang CC, Huang WL, Pan YH, Jeng JH. Butyrate Stimulates Histone H3 Acetylation, 8-Isoprostane Production, RANKL Expression, and Regulated Osteoprotegerin Expression/Secretion in MG-63 Osteoblastic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124071. [PMID: 30562925 PMCID: PMC6321057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyric acid as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor is produced by a number of periodontal and root canal microorganisms (such as Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, etc.). Butyric acid may affect the biological activities of periodontal/periapical cells such as osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, etc., and thus affect periodontal/periapical tissue destruction and healing. The purposes of this study were to study the toxic effects of butyrate on the matrix and mineralization marker expression in MG-63 osteoblasts. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by propidium iodide/annexin V flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) were analyzed by Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), 8-isoprostane, pro-collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), osteonectin (SPARC), osteocalcin and osteopontin (OPN) secretion into culture medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was checked by ALP staining. Histone H3 acetylation levels were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining (IF) and Western blot. We found that butyrate activated the histone H3 acetylation of MG-63 cells. Exposure of MG-63 cells to butyrate partly decreased cell viability with no marked increase in apoptosis and necrosis. Twenty-four hours of exposure to butyrate stimulated RANKL protein expression, whereas it inhibited OPG protein expression. Butyrate also inhibited the secretion of OPG in MG-63 cells, whereas the sRANKL level was below the detection limit. However, 3 days of exposure to butyrate (1 to 8 mM) or other HDAC inhibitors such as phenylbutyrate, valproic acid and trichostatin stimulated OPG secretion. Butyrate stimulated 8-isoprostane, MMP-2 and OPN secretion, but not procollagen I, or osteocalcin in MG-63 cells. Exposure to butyrate (2⁻4 mM) for 3 days markedly stimulated osteonectin secretion and ALP activity. In conclusion, higher concentrations of butyric acid generated by periodontal and root canal microorganisms may potentially induce bone destruction and impair bone repair by the alteration of OPG/RANKL expression/secretion, 8-isoprostane, MMP-2 and OPN secretion, and affect cell viability. However, lower concentrations of butyrate (1⁻4 mM) may stimulate ALP, osteonectin and OPG. These effects are possibly related to increased histone acetylation. These events are important in the pathogenesis and repair of periodontal and periapical destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch, 6th Floor, 199, Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Yunn-Jy Chen
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Chia Lian
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch, 6th Floor, 199, Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Bei-En Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ling Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch, 6th Floor, 199, Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch, 6th Floor, 199, Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
- Graduate Department of Craniofacial Dentistry, Chang-Gung University Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Nilsen BW, Simon‐Santamaria J, Örtengren U, Jensen E, Bruun J, Michelsen VB, Sørensen KK. Dose- and time-dependent effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on the proteome of human THP-1 monocytes. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:345-358. [PMID: 30051916 PMCID: PMC6585793 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is commonly used in polymer resin-based dental materials. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of TEGDMA toxicity by identifying its time- and dose-dependent effects on the proteome of human THP-1 monocytes. The effects of different concentrations (0.07-5 mM) and exposure times (0-72 h) of TEGDMA on cell viability, proliferation, and morphology were determined using a real-time viability assay, automated cell counting, and electron microscopy, and laid the fundament for choice of exposure scenarios in the proteomic experiments. Solvents were not used, as TEGDMA is soluble in cell culture medium (determined by photon correlation spectroscopy). Cells were metabolically labeled [using the stable isotope labeled amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy], and exposed to 0, 0.3 or 2.5 mM TEGDMA for 6 or 16 h before liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Regulated proteins were analyzed in the STRING database. Cells exposed to 0.3 mM TEGDMA showed increased viability and time-dependent upregulation of proteins associated with stress/oxidative stress, autophagy, and cytoprotective functions. Cells exposed to 2.5 mM TEGDMA showed diminished viability and a protein expression profile associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle inhibition. Altered expression of immune genes was observed in both groups. The study provides novel knowledge about TEGDMA toxicity at the proteomic level. Of note, even low doses of TEGDMA induced a substantial cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo W. Nilsen
- Department of Clinical DentistryUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Clinical DentistryUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of CariologyInstitute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska AcademyGöteborgSweden
| | - Einar Jensen
- Department of PharmacyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Jack‐Ansgar Bruun
- Department of Medical BiologyUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Karen K. Sørensen
- Department of Medical BiologyUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Ricucci D, Loghin S, Niu LN, Tay FR. Changes in the radicular pulp-dentine complex in healthy intact teeth and in response to deep caries or restorations: A histological and histobacteriological study. J Dent 2018; 73:76-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Early responses of human pulp to direct capping with resin adhesive systems and calcium hydroxide. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e73-e82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cytotoxic and biological effects of bulk fill composites on rat cortical neuron cells. Odontology 2018; 106:377-388. [PMID: 29594827 PMCID: PMC6153994 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate potential cellular responses and biological effects of new generation dental composites on cortical neuron cells in two different exposure times. The study group included five different bulk-fill flow able composites; Surefil SDR Flow, X-tra Base Flow, Venus Bulk Flow, Filtek Bulk Flow and Tetric-Evo Flow. They were filled in Teflon molds (Height: 4 mm, Width: 6 mm) and irradiated for 20 s. Cortical neuron cells were inoculated into 24-well plates. After 80% of the wells were coated, the 3 µm membrane was inserted and dental filling materials were added. The experiment was continued for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability measured by MTT assay test, total antioxidant and total oxidant status were examined using real assay diagnostic kits. The patterns of cell death (apoptosis) were analyzed using annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. Β-defensins were quantitatively assessed by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokines were measured from the supernatants. All composites significantly affected analyses parameters during the exposure durations. Our data provide evidence that all dental materials tested are cytotoxic in acute phase and these effects are induced cellular death after different exposure periods. Significant cytotoxicity was detected in TE, XB, SS, FBF and VBF groups at 24 and 72 h, respectively.
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30
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Chang MC, Chen YJ, Liou EJW, Tseng WY, Chan CP, Lin HJ, Liao WC, Chang YC, Jeng PY, Jeng JH. 7-Ketocholesterol induces ATM/ATR, Chk1/Chk2, PI3K/Akt signalings, cytotoxicity and IL-8 production in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74473-74483. [PMID: 27740938 PMCID: PMC5342680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardiac infarction etc.) are the major systemic diseases of elder peoples in the world. This is possibly due to increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) such as 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) that damage vascular endothelial cells, induce inflammatory responses, to elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and age-related macular degeneration. However the toxic effects of 7-KC on endothelial cells are not known. In this study, 7-KC showed cytotoxicity to endothelial cells at concentrations higher than 10 µg/ml. 7-KC stimulated ATM/Chk2, ATR-Chk1 and p53 signaling pathways in endothelial cells. 7-KC also induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with an inhibition of Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cyclin B1 expression. Secretion and expression of IL-8 in endothelial cells were stimulated by 7-KC. 7-KC further induced intracellular ROS production as shown by increase in DCF fluorescence and Akt phosphorylation. LY294002 attenuated the 7-KC-induced apoptosis and IL-8 mRNA expression of endothelial cells. These results indicate that oxLDLs such as 7-KC may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases by induction of endothelial damage, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. These events are associated with ROS production, activation of ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk1, p53 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wan-Yu Tseng
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hseuh-Jen Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chuen Liao
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Mackey Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Lin PS, Cheng RH, Chang MC, Lee JJ, Chang HH, Huang WL, Yeung SY, Chang YC, Jeng JH. TGF-β1 stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE 2 production of human dental pulp cells: Role of ALK5/Smad2 and MEK/ERK signal transduction pathways. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 116:748-754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Styllou P, Styllou M, Hickel R, Högg C, Reichl FX, Scherthan H. NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:638-646. [PMID: 28747595 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Released (co)monomers from dental composite components can induce DNA damage of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity. Here, we tested whether the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce the dental composite-induced DSBs in primary human gingiva fibroblasts. The dental composites Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate), GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) were found to induce co-localizing microscopic nuclear foci numbers of the DSB markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 per cell in the order: GMA>Bis-GMA>TEGDMA>HEMA. Supplementation of (co)monomer-containing culture medium with NAC led to a significant reduction of resin-induced DSBs as well as to an amelioration of dental monomer-induced nuclear chromatin condensation in gingival fibroblasts. Thus, antioxidant treatment can reduce radical-induced chromatin and DNA damage and open avenues to mitigate genotoxic effects of dental composite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Marianthi Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Franz Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affil. to the University of Ulm
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Chang MC, Chang HH, Lin PS, Huang YA, Chan CP, Tsai YL, Lee SY, Jeng PY, Kuo HY, Yeung SY, Jeng JH. Effects of TGF-β1 on plasminogen activation in human dental pulp cells: Role of ALK5/Smad2, TAK1 and MEK/ERK signalling. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:854-863. [PMID: 27723266 DOI: 10.1002/term.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the pulpal repair and dentinogenesis. Plasminogen activation (PA) system regulates extracellular matrix turnover. In this study, we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on PA system of dental pulp cells and its signalling pathways. Dental pulp cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. MTT assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effect of TGF-β1 on cell viability, mRNA and protein expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as their secretion. The phosphorylation of Smad2 and TAK1 was analysed by Pathscan ELISA or Western blotting. Cells were pretreated with SB431542 (ALK5/Smad2/3 inhibitor), 5z-7-oxozeaenol (TAK1 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor) for examining the related signalling. TGF-β1 slightly inhibited cell growth that was reversed by SB431542. TGF-β1 upregulated both RNA and protein expression of PAI-1 and uPAR, whereas it downregulated uPA expression. Accordingly, TGF-β1 stimulated PAI-1 and soluble uPAR (suPAR) secretion of pulp cells, whereas uPA secretion was inhibited. TGF-β1 induced the phosphorylation of Smad2 and TAK1. In addition, SB431542, 5z-7-oxozeaenol and U0126 attenuated the TGF-β1-induced secretion of PAI-1 and suPAR. These results indicate that TGF-β1 is possibly involved in the repair/regeneration and inflammatory processes of dental pulp via regulation of PAI-1, uPA and uPAR. These effects of TGF-β1 are related to activation of ALK5/Smad2, TAK1 and MEK/ERK signalling pathways. Clarifying the signal transduction for the effects of TGF-β1 is helpful for pulpo-dentin regeneration and tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shuan Lin
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Huang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry, University CEU, Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Han-Yueh Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang MC, Tsai YL, Liou EJW, Tang CM, Wang TM, Liu HC, Liao MW, Yeung SY, Chan CP, Jeng JH. Effect of Butyrate on Collagen Expression, Cell Viability, Cell Cycle Progression and Related Proteins Expression of MG-63 Osteoblastic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165438. [PMID: 27893752 PMCID: PMC5125573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Butyric acid is one major metabolic product generated by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of periodontal and root canal infection. Butyric acid affects the activity of periodontal cells such as osteoblasts. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of butyrate on MG-63 osteoblasts. Methods MG-63 cells were exposed to butyrate and cell viability was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The mRNA and protein expression of type I collagen and cell cycle-related proteins were measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting or immunofluorescent staining. Cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence flow cytometry. Results Exposure to butyrate suppressed cell proliferation, and induced G2/M (8 and 16 mM) cell cycle arrest of MG-63 cells. Some cell apoptosis was noted. The mRNA expression of cdc2 and cyclin-B1 decreased after exposure to butyrate. The protein expression of type I collagen, cdc2 and cyclin B1 were decreased, whereas the expression of p21, p27 and p57 was stimulated. Under the treatment of butyrate, ROS production in MG-63 cells markedly increased. Conclusions The secretion of butyric acid by periodontal and root canal microorganisms may inhibit bone cell growth and matrix turnover. This is possibly due to induction of cell cycle arrest and ROS generation and inhibition of collagen expression. These results suggest the involvement of butyric acid in the pathogenesis of periodontal and periapical tissue destruction by impairing bone healing responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Mei Tang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Mei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Wei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CPC); (JHJ)
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CPC); (JHJ)
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Longo DL, Paula-Silva FWG, Faccioli LH, Gatón-Hernández PM, Queiroz AMD, Silva LABD. Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:338-43. [PMID: 27556204 PMCID: PMC4990362 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (p<0.05) after 24 h of incubation. KaloreTM stimulated the early production of TNF-α in comparison with control (p<0.05), whereas FiltekTM Silorane did not affect TNF-α levels after 6 and 12 h (p>0.05). However, after 24 h FiltekTM Silorane inhibited the production of TNF-α (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic regardless of light curing. The extract obtained from KaloreTM after 15 days of incubation stimulated the production of TNF-α, unlike that obtained from FiltekTM Silorane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lucca Longo
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lucia Helena Faccioli
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Maria Gatón-Hernández
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Odontologia, Department d'Odontopediatria, Barcelona, España
| | - Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Wages PA, Cheng WY, Gibbs-Flournoy E, Samet JM. Live-cell imaging approaches for the investigation of xenobiotic-induced oxidant stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2802-15. [PMID: 27208426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidant stress is arguably a universal feature in toxicology. Research studies on the role of oxidant stress induced by xenobiotic exposures have typically relied on the identification of damaged biomolecules using a variety of conventional biochemical and molecular techniques. However, there is increasing evidence that low-level exposure to a variety of toxicants dysregulates cellular physiology by interfering with redox-dependent processes. SCOPE OF REVIEW The study of events involved in redox toxicology requires methodology capable of detecting transient modifications at relatively low signal strength. This article reviews the advantages of live-cell imaging for redox toxicology studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Toxicological studies with xenobiotics of supra-physiological reactivity require careful consideration when using fluorogenic sensors in order to avoid potential artifacts and false negatives. Fortunately, experiments conducted for the purpose of validating the use of these sensors in toxicological applications often yield unexpected insights into the mechanisms through which xenobiotic exposure induces oxidant stress. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Live-cell imaging using a new generation of small molecule and genetically encoded fluorophores with excellent sensitivity and specificity affords unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution that is optimal for redox toxicology studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wages
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eugene Gibbs-Flournoy
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Walters NJ, Xia W, Salih V, Ashley PF, Young AM. Poly(propylene glycol) and urethane dimethacrylates improve conversion of dental composites and reveal complexity of cytocompatibility testing. Dent Mater 2016; 32:264-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Lee SS, Yeh CH, Lee KG, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Chen WY, Pan PH, Kuan YH. BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in macrophages are attenuated by wogonin via reduction of intrinsic caspase pathway activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:176-184. [PMID: 26756871 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a frequently used monomer in dental restorative resins. However, BisGMA could leach from dental restorative resins after polymerization leading to inflammation in the peripheral environment. Wogonin, a natural flavone derivative, has several benefits, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Pretreatment of macrophage RAW264.7 cells with wogonin inhibited cytotoxicity which is induced by BisGMA in a concentration-dependent manner. BisGMA induced apoptotic responses, such as redistribution of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and DNA fragmentation, were decreased by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BisGMA-induced genotoxicity, which detected by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, wogonin suppressed BisGMA-induced activation of intrinsic caspase pathways, such as caspases-3 and -8. Parallel trends were observed in inhibition of caspase-3 and -8 activities, apoptosis, and genotoxicity. These results indicate wogonin suppressed the BisGMA-induced apoptosis and genotoxicity mainly via intrinsic caspase pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Gee Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- School of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jiao Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Li J, Shan L, Liu Q, Liu Y, Song Q, Yu F, Yu H, Liu H, Huang L, Chen J. N-Acetyl Cysteine Depletes Reactive Oxygen Species and Prevents Dental Monomer-Induced Intrinsic Mitochondrial Apoptosis In Vitro in Human Dental Pulp Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147858. [PMID: 26808507 PMCID: PMC4726696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the involvement of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis in dental monomer-induced cytotoxicity and the influences of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on this process. Methods Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were exposed to several dental monomers in the absence or presence of NAC, and cell viability, intracellular redox balance, morphology and function of mitochondria and key indicators of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis were evaluated using various commercial kits. Results Dental monomers exerted dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on hDPCs. Concomitant to the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione (GSH), differential changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were detected. Apoptosis, as indicated by positive Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and activation of caspase-3, was observed after dental monomer treatment. Dental monomers impaired the morphology and function of mitochondria, and induced intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis in hDPCs via up-regulation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. NAC restored cell viability, relieved oxidative stress and blocked the apoptotic effects of dental monomers. Conclusions Dental monomers induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in hDPCs. NAC could reduce the oxidative stress and thus protect hDPCs against dental monomer-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General and Emergency, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Chang MC, Lin LD, Wu MT, Chan CP, Chang HH, Lee MS, Sun TY, Jeng PY, Yeung SY, Lin HJ, Jeng JH. Effects of Camphorquinone on Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Regulation and Prostaglandin E2 Production of Dental Pulp Cells: Role of ROS, ATM/Chk2, MEK/ERK and Hemeoxygenase-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143663. [PMID: 26658076 PMCID: PMC4682794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Camphorquinone (CQ) is a popularly-used photosensitizer in composite resin restoration. In this study, the effects of CQ on cytotoxicity and inflammation-related genes and proteins expression of pulp cells were investigated. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATM/Chk2/p53 and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and MEK/ERK signaling was also evaluated. We found that ROS and free radicals may play important role in CQ toxicity. CQ (1 and 2 mM) decreased the viability of pulp cells to about 70% and 50% of control, respectively. CQ also induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of pulp cells. The expression of type I collagen, cdc2, cyclin B, and cdc25C was inhibited, while p21, HO-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were stimulated by CQ. CQ also activated ATM, Chk2, and p53 phosphorylation and GADD45α expression. Besides, exposure to CQ increased cellular ROS level and 8-isoprostane production. CQ also stimulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 production of pulp cells. The reduction of cell viability caused by CQ can be attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but can be promoted by Zinc protoporphyin (ZnPP). CQ stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and U0126 prevented the CQ-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. These results indicate that CQ may cause cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and PGE2 production of pulp cells. These events could be due to stimulation of ROS and 8-isoprostane production, ATM/Chk2/p53 signaling, HO-1, COX-2 and p21 expression, as well as the inhibition of cdc2, cdc25C and cyclin B1. These results are important for understanding the role of ROS in pathogenesis of pulp necrosis and pulpal inflammation after clinical composite resin filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tsz Wu
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shu Lee
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Sun
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry, University of Cardenal Herrera, CEU, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Jen Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chang-Hua, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Schulz SD, Rüppell C, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T, Reichl FX, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Gene expression analysis of conventional and interactive human gingival cell systems exposed to dental composites. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1321-34. [PMID: 26345997 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the detection of putative gene expression-related effects of dental composites in conventional and interactive gingival cell systems. METHODS Conventional monoculture (MC) and interactive cell systems (ICS) comprising human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and immortalized human gingival keratinocytes (IHGK) were exposed for 24h and 7 days according to ISO10993-12:2012 manufactured eluates of different composites (Ceram X(®), Filtek™ Supreme XT, Filtek™ Silorane, Fusio™ Liquid Dentin, and Vertise™ Flow). qRT-PCR-based mRNA analysis for biomarkers indicating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and adhesion was performed. Apoptotic cells were quantified by annexin-V labeling. RESULTS Due to low RNA amounts, qPCR could not be performed for Vertise™ Flow and Fusio™ Liquid Dentin at day 7. At 24h, flowables yielded increased transcription for biomarkers of inflammation and apoptosis in IHGK, irrespective of the cell system. HGF cultures displayed lower transcription for cell adhesion markers in both cell systems. Filtek™ Supreme XT showed increased differentiation by elevated filaggrin gene expression in both cell systems for IHGK at day 7, while Filtek™ Silorane and Ceram X(®) yielded elevation of inflammation biomarkers in both cell types. Annexin-V labeling revealed high apoptosis rates for both flowables and Filtek™ Supreme XT for IHGK, while low rates were detected for Filtek™ Silorane and Ceram X(®). SIGNIFICANCE Among the composites evaluated, exposition of IHGK and HGF in conventional and interactive cell systems demonstrated most pronounced gene expression alterations in response to flowables, coinciding with elevated levels of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Daniel Schulz
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Rüppell
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Center of Dental Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Zhu Y, Gu YX, Mo JJ, Shi JY, Qiao SC, Lai HC. N-acetyl cysteine protects human oral keratinocytes from Bis-GMA-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and the PI3K/Akt pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2089-101. [PMID: 26343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) released from dental resin materials causes various toxic effects on gingival epithelium. Thus the underlying mechanisms of its cytotoxicity should be elucidated for safety use. One potential cause of cell damage is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond the capacity of a balanced redox regulation. In this study, we found that exposure of human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) to Bis-GMA caused apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest in parallel with an increased ROS level. Moreover, Bis-GMA induced a depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, an activation of caspase-3 and altered expressions of cell cycle-related proteins (p21, PCNA, cyclinD1). Furthermore, the co-treatment of the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) obviously attenuated Bis-GMA-induced toxicity. Here we also evaluated the effects of Bis-GMA on the ROS-related PI3k/Akt pathway. We found that Bis-GMA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, whereas the amount of phosphorylated Akt was reverted to the control level in the presence of NAC. Our findings suggested that the toxic effects of Bis-GMA were related to ROS production and the antioxidant NAC effectively reduced Bis-GMA-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ying-xin Gu
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia-ji Mo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun-yu Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shi-chong Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong-chang Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Soares DG, Brito CA, Tavares da Silva RHB, Ribeiro APD, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Cytocompatibility of HEMA-free resin-based luting cements according to application protocols on dentine surfaces. Int Endod J 2015; 49:551-60. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. A. Brito
- Department of Dentistry; Paulista University; Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | - R. H. B. Tavares da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. P. D. Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Brasilia, Brasilia; Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro; Brazilia Brazil
| | - J. Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. A. de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
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Role of ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK1/ERK Signaling in Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1-modulated Growth, Collagen Turnover, and Differentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla of Human Tooth. J Endod 2015; 41:1272-80. [PMID: 26001858 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in cell proliferation, matrix formation, and odontogenesis. This study investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and its signaling by MEK/ERK and Smad2. METHODS SCAPs were exposed to TGF-β1 with/without pretreatment and coincubation by SB431542 (an ALK5/Smad 2/3 inhibitor) or U0126 (a MEK/ERK inhibitor). Cell growth was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay or direct counting of viable cells. Collagen content was determined by using the Sircol collagen assay (Biocolor Ltd, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland). Cell differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Smad2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blotting or PathScan phospho-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA). RESULTS TGF-β1 stimulated the growth and collagen content of cultured SCAPs. TGF-β1 stimulated ERK1/2 and Smad2 phosphorylation within 60 minutes of exposure. Pretreatment by U0126 and SB431542 effectively prevented the TGF-β1-induced cell growth and collagen content in SCAPs. TGF-β1 stimulated ALP activity at lower concentrations (0.1-1 ng/mL) but down-regulated ALP at higher concentrations (>5 ng/mL). U0126 prevented 0.5 ng/mL TGF-β1-induced ALP activity but showed little effect on 10 ng/mL TGF-β1-induced decline of ALP in SCAPs. Interestingly, SB431542 attenuated both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects on ALP by TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 may affect the proliferation, collagen turnover, and differentiation of SCAPs via differential activation of ALK5/Smad2 and MEK/ERK signaling. These results highlight the future use of TGF-β1 and SCAP for engineering of pulpal regeneration and apexogenesis.
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Kloukos D, Sifakakis I, Voutsa D, Doulis I, Eliades G, Katsaros C, Eliades T. BPA qualtitative and quantitative assessment associated with orthodontic bonding in vivo. Dent Mater 2015; 31:887-94. [PMID: 26001991 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in vivo amount of BPA released from a visible light-cured orthodontic adhesive, immediately after bracket bonding. METHODS 20 orthodontic patients were recruited after obtaining informed consent. All patients received 24 orthodontic brackets in both dental arches. In Group A (11 patients), 25 ml of tap water were used for mouth rinsing, whereas in Group B (9 patients) a simulated mouth rinse formulation was used: a mixture of 20 ml de-ionized water plus 5 ml absolute ethanol. Rinsing solutions were collected before, immediately after placing the orthodontic appliances and after washing out the oral cavity and were then stored in glass tubes. Rinsing was performed in a single phase for 60s with the entire volume of each liquid. The BPA analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS An increase in BPA concentration immediately after the 1st post-bonding rinse was observed, for both rinsing media, which was reduced after the 2nd post-bonding rinse. Water exhibited higher levels of BPA concentration than water/ethanol after 1st and 2nd post-bonding rinses. Two-way mixed Repeated Measures ANOVA showed that the primary null hypothesis declaring mean BPA concentration to be equal across rinsing medium and rinsing status was rejected (p-value <0.001). The main effects of the rinsing medium and status, as well as their interaction were found to be statistically significant (p-values 0.048, <0.001 and 0.011 respectively). SIGNIFICANCE A significant pattern of increase of BPA concentration, followed by a decrease that reached the initial values was observed. The amount of BPA was relatively low and far below the reference limits of tolerable daily intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosif Sifakakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Doulis
- Department of Orthodontics, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Eliades
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
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Kim EC, Park H, Lee SI, Kim SY. Effect of the Acidic Dental Resin Monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate on Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:340-9. [PMID: 25847254 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) is frequently used as an acidic resin monomer in dental adhesives, its effect on dental pulp cells (DPCs) has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10-MDP on the inflammatory response and odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs at minimally toxic concentrations. We found that 10-MDP caused the release of inflammatory cytokines including NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 10-MDP reduced alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization nodule formation and mRNA expression of odontoblastic differentiation markers such as dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein-1, osterix and Runx2 in a concentration-dependent manner with low toxicity. In addition, 10-MDP induced activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target gene, haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We evaluated whether the effect of 10-MDP was related to the induction of HO-1 and found that treatment with a selective inhibitor of HO-1 reversed the production of 10-MDP-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of differentiation markers. Pre-treatment with either a GSH synthesis inhibitor or antioxidants blocked 10-MDP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Taken together, the results of this study showed that minimally toxic concentrations of 10-MDP promoted an inflammatory response and suppressed odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs by activating Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction through MAPK and NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haejin Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Im Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, School of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Elias ST, Santos AFD, Garcia FCP, Pereira PNR, Hilgert LA, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Guerra ENS, Ribeiro APD. Cytotoxicity of universal, self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems according to the polymerization time. Braz Dent J 2015; 26:160-8. [PMID: 25831108 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxicity of universal, self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems according to the polymerization time. Paper discs were impregnated with adhesives and light-cured (10, 20 or 40 s). The discs were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups (A1-Single Bond 2; A2-Scotchbond Multi-purpose; A3-Clearfil SE Bond; A4 Scotchbond Universal). As a negative control, paper discs were immersed in culture medium only. After 24 h or 7 days, the eluate obtained was applied on fibroblast culture. Cell viability, cell morphology, membrane damage and the presence of residual monomers were evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, flow cytometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (=0.05). All adhesive systems significantly reduced 33-51% cell metabolism when compared to the negative control, regardless of polymerization time, storage period and adhesive system. Moreover, the adhesives caused intense morphological alterations and cell membrane damage. Toxicity was directly related to the presence of residual monomers in the eluates. Residual monomers and additional components are capable of reducing mitochondrial activity, causing morphological alterations and disruption of the cell membrane in fibroblasts, regardless of the polymerization time. This study highlights that despite the more complex composition of the universal adhesive system, its biological response was not more toxic when compared with other systems, even when the shortest polymerization time was tested in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T Elias
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Andressa F Dos Santos
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C P Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrícia N R Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Hilgert
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Yris M Fonseca-Bazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eliete N S Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, UNB - University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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48
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Zhu L, Zhang J, Xiao L, Liu S, Yu J, Chen W, Zhang X, Peng B. Autophagy in resin monomer-initiated toxicity of dental mesenchymal cells: a novel therapeutic target of N-acetyl cysteine. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6820-6836. [PMID: 32262475 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A proposed schematic model of autophagy involvement in resin monomer-initiated toxicity of dental mesenchymal cells and as a novel therapeutic target of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Lan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
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49
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the elution of substances from different materials used for the manufacturing of temporary indirect restorations, after storage in saliva and ethanol 75%. 10 samples of three chemically cured materials (Protemp 3 Garant, Systemp.c&b, and Trim) and one light-cured material (Clip F) were stored in saliva and ethanol 75% for 24 h, 7, and days 28 days. From the storage media at each time period, samples were prepared and analysed by LC-MS/MS, in order to access the elution of monomers. The results differed among the materials (P≤ 0.05). No monomers were detected in the samples of Protemp 3 Garant and Clip F. Substances were detected only in ethanol samples of Systemp.c&b and Trim. The amount of BisGMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA 2 released from Systemp.c&b was higher compared to Trim. Storage time affected the release of substances (P≤ 0.05). The highest release was observed within the first 24 h. It can be concluded that provisional resin composite materials do not show high release of monomers and this release is material dependent. However, the detection of additional peaks during the analysis, suggesting the formation of by-products of the eluted substances, may not be in favour of these materials with respect to their toxicity.
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50
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Chang MC, Chang HH, Chan CP, Yeung SY, Hsien HC, Lin BR, Yeh CY, Tseng WY, Tseng SK, Jeng JH. p-Cresol affects reactive oxygen species generation, cell cycle arrest, cytotoxicity and inflammation/atherosclerosis-related modulators production in endothelial cells and mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114446. [PMID: 25517907 PMCID: PMC4269396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Cresols are present in antiseptics, coal tar, some resins, pesticides, and industrial solvents. Cresol intoxication leads to hepatic injury due to coagulopathy as well as disturbance of hepatic circulation in fatal cases. Patients with uremia suffer from cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hemolysis, and bleeding, which may be partly due to p-cresol toxicity and its effects on vascular endothelial and mononuclear cells. Given the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation in vascular thrombosis, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of p-cresol on endothelial and mononuclear cells. Methods EA.hy926 (EAHY) endothelial cells and U937 cells were exposed to different concentrations of p-cresol. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and trypan blue dye exclusion technique, respectively. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by propidium iodide flow cytometry. Endothelial cell migration was studied by wound closure assay. ROS level was measured by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF) fluorescence flow cytometry. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and uPA production were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results Exposure to 100–500 µM p-cresol decreased EAHY cell number by 30–61%. P-cresol also decreased the viability of U937 mononuclear cells. The inhibition of EAHY and U937 cell growth by p-cresol was related to induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest. Closure of endothelial wounds was inhibited by p-cresol (>100 µM). P-cresol (>50 µM) also stimulated ROS production in U937 cells and EAHY cells but to a lesser extent. Moreover, p-cresol markedly stimulated PAI-1 and suPAR, but not PGF2α, and uPA production in EAHY cells. Conclusions p-Cresol may contribute to atherosclerosis and thrombosis in patients with uremia and cresol intoxication possibly due to induction of ROS, endothelial/mononuclear cell damage and production of inflammation/atherosclerosis-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CPC); (JHJ)
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chi Hsien
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ru Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yang Yeh
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Tseng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Kuan Tseng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CPC); (JHJ)
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