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Capella-Monsonís H, Crum RJ, Hussey GS, Badylak SF. Advances, challenges, and future directions in the clinical translation of ECM biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115347. [PMID: 38844005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) scaffolds and biomaterials have been widely used for decades across a variety of diverse clinical applications and have been implanted in millions of patients worldwide. ECM-based biomaterials have been especially successful in soft tissue repair applications but their utility in other clinical applications such as for regeneration of bone or neural tissue is less well understood. The beneficial healing outcome with the use of ECM biomaterials is the result of their biocompatibility, their biophysical properties and their ability to modify cell behavior after injury. As a consequence of successful clinical outcomes, there has been motivation for the development of next-generation formulations of ECM materials ranging from hydrogels, bioinks, powders, to whole organ or tissue scaffolds. The continued development of novel ECM formulations as well as active research interest in these materials ensures a wealth of possibilities for future clinical translation and innovation in regenerative medicine. The clinical translation of next generation formulations ECM scaffolds faces predictable challenges such as manufacturing, manageable regulatory pathways, surgical implantation, and the cost required to address these challenges. The current status of ECM-based biomaterials, including clinical translation, novel formulations and therapies currently under development, and the challenges that limit clinical translation of ECM biomaterials are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Viscus Biologics LLC, 2603 Miles Road, Cleveland, OH 44128, USA
| | - Raphael J Crum
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - George S Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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2
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Hamsho K, Broadwin M, Stone CR, Sellke FW, Abid MR. The Current State of Extracellular Matrix Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38390858 PMCID: PMC10885030 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional, acellular network of diverse structural and nonstructural proteins embedded within a gel-like ground substance composed of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. The ECM serves numerous roles that vary according to the tissue in which it is situated. In the myocardium, the ECM acts as a collagen-based scaffold that mediates the transmission of contractile signals, provides means for paracrine signaling, and maintains nutritional and immunologic homeostasis. Given this spectrum, it is unsurprising that both the composition and role of the ECM has been found to be modulated in the context of cardiac pathology. Myocardial infarction (MI) provides a familiar example of this; the ECM changes in a way that is characteristic of the progressive phases of post-infarction healing. In recent years, this involvement in infarct pathophysiology has prompted a search for therapeutic targets: if ECM components facilitate healing, then their manipulation may accelerate recovery, or even reverse pre-existing damage. This possibility has been the subject of numerous efforts involving the integration of ECM-based therapies, either derived directly from biologic sources or bioengineered sources, into models of myocardial disease. In this paper, we provide a thorough review of the published literature on the use of the ECM as a novel therapy for ischemic heart disease, with a focus on biologically derived models, of both the whole ECM and the components thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hamsho
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.H.); (M.B.); (C.R.S.); (F.W.S.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Broadwin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.H.); (M.B.); (C.R.S.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Christopher R. Stone
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.H.); (M.B.); (C.R.S.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.H.); (M.B.); (C.R.S.); (F.W.S.)
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.H.); (M.B.); (C.R.S.); (F.W.S.)
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Zhao P, Yang F, Jia X, Xiao Y, Hua C, Xing M, Lyu G. Extracellular Matrices as Bioactive Materials for In Situ Tissue Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2771. [PMID: 38140112 PMCID: PMC10747903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive materials based on a nature-derived extracellular matrix (NECM) represent a category of biomedical devices with versatile therapeutic applications in the realms of tissue repair and engineering. With advancements in decellularization technique, the inherent bioactive molecules and the innate nano-structural and mechanical properties are preserved in three-dimensional scaffolds mainly composed of collagens. Techniques such as electrospinning, three-dimensional printing, and the intricate fabrication of hydrogels are developed to mimic the physical structures, biosignalling and mechanical cues of ECM. Until now, there has been no approach that can fully account for the multifaceted properties and diverse applications of NECM. In this review, we introduce the main proteins composing NECMs and explicate the importance of them when used as therapeutic devices in tissue repair. Nano-structural features of NECM and their applications regarding tissue repair are summarized. The origins, degradability, and mechanical property of and immune responses to NECM are also introduced. Furthermore, we review their applications, and clinical features thereof, in the repair of acute and chronic wounds, abdominal hernia, breast deformity, etc. Some typical marketed devices based on NECM, their indications, and clinical relevance are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuqin Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Chao Hua
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.X.)
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Capella-Monsonís H, Cramer M, Turner N, Reing J, Zhang L, Kronengold RT, Bartolacci J, Badylak SF. The composition and mechanical properties of porcine placental ECM from three different breeds. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065012. [PMID: 37725946 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acfb05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds are extensively used in various clinical applications such as musculotendinous reconstruction, hernia repair or wound healing. Biologic scaffolds used in these applications vary in species, breed and tissue of origin, and other variables that affect their properties. Decellularization and sterilization processes also determine the characteristics of these scaffolds. The goal of the present study is to compare the composition and mechanical properties of decellularized porcine placental scaffolds from three different porcine breeds: Landrace, York and Duroc. Placental extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds from the three porcine breeds preserved the amnion/chorion ECM structure and the basement membrane markers laminin and collagen type IV. ECM placental scaffolds showed similar contents of collagen, elastin and lipids, and minimal differences in glycosaminoglycans content. Mechanical properties from the three breeds ECM placental scaffolds were also similar and stable for 24 months. While this study serves as preliminary characterization of porcine ECM scaffolds, future studies will determine their compatibility and suitability for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Madeline Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Neill Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Janet Reing
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Li Zhang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph Bartolacci
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Bakhtiar H, Mousavi MR, Rajabi S, Pezeshki-Modaress M, Ayati A, Ashoori A, Ellini MR, Baaji K, Kamali A, Abediasl Z, Azarpazhooh A, Kishen A. Fabrication and characterization of a novel injectable human amniotic membrane hydrogel for dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Dent Mater 2023; 39:718. [PMID: 37393152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injectable biomaterials that can completely fill the root canals and provide an appropriate environment will have potential application for pulp regeneration in endodontics. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a novel injectable human amniotic membrane (HAM) hydrogel scaffold crosslinked with genipin, enabling the proliferation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and optimizing pulp regeneration. METHODS HAM extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels (15, 22.5, and 30 mg/ml) crosslinked with different genipin concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mM) were evaluated for mechanical properties, tooth discoloration, cell viability, and proliferation of DPSCs. The hydrogels were subcutaneously injected in rats to assess their immunogenicity. The hydrogels were applied in a root canal model and subcutaneously implanted in rats to determine their regenerative potential for eight weeks, and histological and immunostaining analyses were performed. RESULTS Hydrogels crosslinked with low genipin concentration demonstrated low tooth discoloration, but 0.1 mM genipin crosslinked hydrogels were excluded due to their unfavourable mechanical properties. The degradation ratio was lower in hydrogels crosslinked with 0.5 mM genipin. The 30 mg/ml-0.5 mM crosslinked hydrogel exhibited a microporous structure, and the modulus of elasticity was 1200 PA. In vitro, cell culture showed maximum viability and proliferation in 30 mg/ml-0.5 mM crosslinked hydrogel. All groups elicited minimum immunological responses, and highly vascularized pulp-like tissue was formed in human tooth roots in both groups with/without DPSCs. SIGNIFICANCE Genipin crosslinking improved the biodegradability of injectable HAM hydrogels and conferred higher biocompatibility. Hydrogels encapsulated with DPSCs can support stem cell viability and proliferation. In addition, highly vascularized pulp-like tissue formation by this biomaterial displayed potential for pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Bakhtiar
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Mousavi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ayati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azin Ashoori
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ellini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khadijeh Baaji
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Zhila Abediasl
- IVF Department, Bahman Hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Peng B, Du L, Zhang T, Chen J, Xu B. Research progress in decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels for intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1981-1993. [PMID: 36734099 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common clinical disorders, low back pain (LBP) influences patient quality of life and causes substantial social and economic burdens. Many factors can result in LBP, the most common of which is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The progression of IDD cannot be alleviated by conservative or surgical treatments, and gene therapy, growth factor therapy, and cell therapy have their own limitations. Recently, research on the use of hydrogel biomaterials for the treatment of IDD has garnered great interest, and satisfactory treatment results have been achieved. This article describes the classification of hydrogels, the methods of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) production and the various types of gel formation. The current research on dECM hydrogels for the treatment of IDD is described in detail in this article. First, an overview of the material sources, decellularization methods, and gel formation methods is given. The focus is on research performed over the last three years, which mainly consists of bovine and porcine NP tissues, while for decellularization methods, combinations of several approaches are primarily used. dECM hydrogels have significantly improved mechanical properties after the polymers are cross-linked. The main effects of these gels include induction of stem cell differentiation to intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, good mechanical properties to restore IVD height after polymer cross-linking, and slow release of exosomes. Finally, the challenges and problems still faced by dECM hydrogels for the treatment of IDD are summarised, and potential solutions are proposed. This paper is the first to summarise the research on dECM hydrogels for the treatment of IDD and aims to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Peng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lilong Du
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, No.406, Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, No.406, Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiangping Chen
- Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beizhengzhong Road, Hunan, 410399, China.
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, No.406, Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Kort-Mascort J, Flores-Torres S, Peza-Chavez O, Jang JH, Pardo LA, Tran SD, Kinsella J. Decellularized ECM hydrogels: prior use considerations, applications, and opportunities in tissue engineering and biofabrication. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:400-431. [PMID: 36484344 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development, wound healing, pathogenesis, regeneration, and homeostasis rely upon coordinated and dynamic spatial and temporal remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. ECM reorganization and normal physiological tissue function, require the establishment and maintenance of biological, chemical, and mechanical feedback mechanisms directed by cell-matrix interactions. To replicate the physical and biological environment provided by the ECM in vivo, methods have been developed to decellularize and solubilize tissues which yield organ and tissue-specific bioactive hydrogels. While these biomaterials retain several important traits of the native ECM, the decellularizing process, and subsequent sterilization, and solubilization result in fragmented, cleaved, or partially denatured macromolecules. The final product has decreased viscosity, moduli, and yield strength, when compared to the source tissue, limiting the compatibility of isolated decellularized ECM (dECM) hydrogels with fabrication methods such as extrusion bioprinting. This review describes the physical and bioactive characteristics of dECM hydrogels and their role as biomaterials for biofabrication. In this work, critical variables when selecting the appropriate tissue source and extraction methods are identified. Common manual and automated fabrication techniques compatible with dECM hydrogels are described and compared. Fabrication and post-manufacturing challenges presented by the dECM hydrogels decreased mechanical and structural stability are discussed as well as circumvention strategies. We further highlight and provide examples of the use of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering and their role in fabricating complex in vitro 3D microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar Peza-Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Joyce H Jang
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Turner NJ, Quijano LM, Hussey GS, Jiang P, Badylak SF. Matrix Bound Nanovesicles have Tissue Specific Characteristics that Suggest a Regulatory Role. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:879-892. [PMID: 35946072 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified an extracellular vesicle population that is tightly anchored within the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs until released by matrix turnover events. Evidence suggests that these matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV) are a ubiquitous component of the ECM, raising questions regarding their tissue specific identity and their biologic function(s). The primary objective of this study was to examine MBV isolated from six different tissues and compare their physical and compositional characteristics to determine the common and differentially expressed features. Accordingly, the results of this characterization show that while MBV are a ubiquitous component of the ECM they contain a protein and miRNA cargo that is tissue specific. The results furthermore suggest that MBV have an important role in regulating tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill J Turner
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15212;
| | - Lina Maria Quijano
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - George S Hussey
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15219;
| | - Peng Jiang
- Cleveland State University, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15219;
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9
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Zhang Q, Hu Y, Long X, Hu L, Wu Y, Wu J, Shi X, Xie R, Bi Y, Yu F, Li P, Yang Y. Preparation and Application of Decellularized ECM-Based Biological Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:908082. [PMID: 35845417 PMCID: PMC9280718 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.908082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration is dependent on cellular-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Natural ECM plays a role in mechanical and chemical cell signaling and promotes stem cell recruitment, differentiation and tissue regeneration in the absence of biological additives, including growth factors and peptides. To date, traditional tissue engineering methods by using natural and synthetic materials have not been able to replicate the physiological structure (biochemical composition and biomechanical properties) of natural cartilage. Techniques facilitating the repair and/or regeneration of articular cartilage pose a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Whereas, little progress has been made in this field. In recent years, with advances in medicine, biochemistry and materials science, to meet the regenerative requirements of the heterogeneous and layered structure of native articular cartilage (AC) tissue, a series of tissue engineering scaffolds based on ECM materials have been developed. These scaffolds mimic the versatility of the native ECM in function, composition and dynamic properties and some of which are designed to improve cartilage regeneration. This review systematically investigates the following: the characteristics of cartilage ECM, repair mechanisms, decellularization method, source of ECM, and various ECM-based cartilage repair methods. In addition, the future development of ECM-based biomaterials is hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuan Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Runqi Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Forth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyuan Yu, ; Pinxue Li, ; Yu Yang,
| | - Pinxue Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyuan Yu, ; Pinxue Li, ; Yu Yang,
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyuan Yu, ; Pinxue Li, ; Yu Yang,
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10
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Sahranavard M, Sarkari S, Safavi S, Ghorbani F. Three-dimensional bio-printing of decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks for cartilage regeneration: a systematic review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:105-115. [PMID: 36105562 PMCID: PMC9465990 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage injuries are common problems that increase with the population aging. Cartilage is an avascular tissue with a relatively low level of cellular mitotic activity, which makes it impossible to heal spontaneously. To compensate for this problem, three-dimensional bio-printing has attracted a great deal of attention in cartilage tissue engineering. This emerging technology aims to create three-dimensional functional scaffolds by accurately depositing layer-by-layer bio-inks composed of biomaterial and cells. As a novel bio-ink, a decellularized extracellular matrix can serve as an appropriate substrate that contains all the necessary biological cues for cellular interactions. Here, this review is intended to provide an overview of decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks and their properties, sources, and preparation process. Following this, decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks for cartilage tissue engineering are discussed, emphasizing cell behavior and in-vivo applications. Afterward, the current challenges and future outlook will be discussed to determine the conclusing remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Sahranavard
- Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Melika Sahranavard,
| | - Soulmaz Sarkari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedehMina Safavi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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[Effects of different crosslinking treatments on the properties of decellularized small intestinal submucosa porous scaffolds]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [PMID: 35701136 PMCID: PMC9197715 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of three different crosslinkers on the biocompatibility, physical and chemical properties of decellularized small intestinal submucosa (SIS) porous scaffolds. METHODS The SIS porous scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method and randomly divided into three groups, then crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodi-imide (EDC) and procyanidine (PA) respectively. To evaluate the physicochemical property of each sample in different groups, the following experiments were conducted. Macroscopic morphologies were observed and recorded. Microscopic morphologies of the scaffolds were observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and representative images were selected. Computer software (ImageJ) was used to calculate the pore size and porosity. The degree of crosslinking was determined by ninhydrin experiment. Collagenase degradation experiment was performed to assess the resistance of SIS scaffolds to enzyme degradation. To evaluate the mechanical properties, universal mechanical testing machine was used to determine the stress-strain curve and compression strength was calculated. Human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on the scaffolds after which cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were assessed. RESULTS All the scaffolds remained intact after different crosslinking treatments. The FESEM images showed uniformed interconnected micro structures of scaffolds in different groups. The pore size of EDC group[(161.90±13.44) μm] was significantly higher than GA group [(149.50±14.65) μm] and PA group[(140.10±12.06) μm] (P < 0.05). The porosity of PA group (79.62%±1.14%) was significantly lower than EDC group (85.11%±1.71%) and GA group (84.83%±1.89%) (P < 0.05). PA group showed the highest degree of crosslinking whereas the lowest swelling ratio. There was a significant difference in the swelling ratio of the three groups (P < 0.05). Regarding to the collagenase degradation experiment, the scaffolds in PA group showed a significantly lower weight loss rate than the other groups after 7 days degradation. The weight loss rates of GA group were significantly higher than those of the other groups on day 15, whereas the PA group had the lowest rate after 10 days and 15 days degradation. PA group showed better mechanical properties than the other two groups. More living cells could be seen in PA and EDC groups after live/dead cell staining. Additionally, the proliferation rate of hBMCSs was faster in PA and EDC groups than in GA group. CONCLUSION The scaffolds gained satisfying degree of crosslinking after three different crosslinking treatments. The samples after PA and EDC treatment had better physicochemical properties and biocompatibility compared with GA treatment. Crosslinking can be used as a promising and applicable method in the modification of SIS scaffolds.
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Design by Nature: Emerging Applications of Native Liver Extracellular Matrix for Cholangiocyte Organoid-Based Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030110. [PMID: 35324799 PMCID: PMC8945468 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoid technology holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Recent studies show feasibility for bile duct tissue repair in humans by successfully transplanting cholangiocyte organoids in liver grafts during perfusion. Large-scale expansion of cholangiocytes is essential for extending these regenerative medicine applications. Human cholangiocyte organoids have a high and stable proliferation capacity, making them an attractive source of cholangiocytes. Commercially available basement membrane extract (BME) is used to expand the organoids. BME allows the cells to self-organize into 3D structures and stimulates cell proliferation. However, the use of BME is limiting the clinical applications of the organoids. There is a need for alternative tissue-specific and clinically relevant culture substrates capable of supporting organoid proliferation. Hydrogels prepared from decellularized and solubilized native livers are an attractive alternative for BME. These hydrogels can be used for the culture and expansion of cholangiocyte organoids in a clinically relevant manner. Moreover, the liver-derived hydrogels retain tissue-specific aspects of the extracellular microenvironment. They are composed of a complex mixture of bioactive and biodegradable extracellular matrix (ECM) components and can support the growth of various hepatobiliary cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical potential of native liver ECM-based hydrogels for applications with human cholangiocyte organoids. We discuss the current limitations of BME for the clinical applications of organoids and how native ECM hydrogels can potentially overcome these problems in an effort to unlock the full regenerative clinical potential of the organoids.
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Hanczar M, Moazen M, Day R. The Significance of Biomechanics and Scaffold Structure for Bladder Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312657. [PMID: 34884464 PMCID: PMC8657955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches for bladder reconstruction surgery are associated with many morbidities. Tissue engineering is considered an ideal approach to create constructs capable of restoring the function of the bladder wall. However, many constructs to date have failed to create a sufficient improvement in bladder capacity due to insufficient neobladder compliance. This review evaluates the biomechanical properties of the bladder wall and how the current reconstructive materials aim to meet this need. To date, limited data from mechanical testing and tissue anisotropy make it challenging to reach a consensus on the native properties of the bladder wall. Many of the materials whose mechanical properties have been quantified do not fall within the range of mechanical properties measured for native bladder wall tissue. Many promising new materials have yet to be mechanically quantified, which makes it difficult to ascertain their likely effectiveness. The impact of scaffold structures and the long-term effect of implanting these materials on their inherent mechanical properties are areas yet to be widely investigated that could provide important insight into the likely longevity of the neobladder construct. In conclusion, there are many opportunities for further investigation into novel materials for bladder reconstruction. Currently, the field would benefit from a consensus on the target values of key mechanical parameters for bladder wall scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hanczar
- Applied Biomedical Engineering Group, Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
| | - Mehran Moazen
- UCL Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
| | - Richard Day
- Applied Biomedical Engineering Group, Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-203-108-2183
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Chick Embryo Experimental Platform for Micrometastases Research in a 3D Tissue Engineering Model: Cancer Biology, Drug Development, and Nanotechnology Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111578. [PMID: 34829808 PMCID: PMC8615510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of distant organs by tumor cells is a critical step of cancer progression. The initial avascular stage of this process (micrometastasis) remains almost inaccessible to study due to the lack of relevant experimental approaches. Herein, we introduce an in vitro/in vivo model of organ-specific micrometastases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is fully implemented in a cost-efficient chick embryo (CE) experimental platform. The model was built as three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering constructs (TECs) combining human MDA-MB-231 cells and decellularized CE organ-specific scaffolds. TNBC cells colonized CE organ-specific scaffolds in 2–3 weeks, forming tissue-like structures. The feasibility of this methodology for basic cancer research, drug development, and nanomedicine was demonstrated on a model of hepatic micrometastasis of TNBC. We revealed that MDA-MB-231 differentially colonize parenchymal and stromal compartments of the liver-specific extracellular matrix (LS-ECM) and become more resistant to the treatment with molecular doxorubicin (Dox) and Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles than in monolayer cultures. When grafted on CE chorioallantoic membrane, LS-ECM-based TECs induced angiogenic switch. These findings may have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. The methodology established here is scalable and adaptable for pharmacological testing and cancer biology research of various metastatic and primary tumors.
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Tenreiro MF, Almeida HV, Calmeiro T, Fortunato E, Ferreira L, Alves PM, Serra M. Interindividual heterogeneity affects the outcome of human cardiac tissue decellularization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20834. [PMID: 34675273 PMCID: PMC8531368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of engineered human cardiac tissues corresponds to simplistic biomaterials that allow tissue assembly, or animal derived off-the-shelf non-cardiac specific matrices. Decellularized ECM from human cardiac tissue could provide a means to improve the mimicry of engineered human cardiac tissues. Decellularization of cardiac tissue samples using immersion-based methods can produce acceptable cardiac ECM scaffolds; however, these protocols are mostly described for animal tissue preparations. We have tested four methods to decellularize human cardiac tissue and evaluated their efficiency in terms of cell removal and preservation of key ECM components, such as collagens and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Extended exposure to decellularization agents, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton-X-100, was needed to significantly remove DNA content by approximately 93% in all human donors. However, the biochemical composition of decellularized tissue is affected, and the preservation of ECM architecture is donor dependent. Our results indicate that standardization of decellularization protocols for human tissue is likely unfeasible, and a compromise between cell removal and ECM preservation must be established in accordance with the scaffold's intended application. Notwithstanding, decellularized human cardiac ECM supported human induced pluripotent-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) attachment and retention for up to 2 weeks of culture, and promoted cell alignment and contraction, providing evidence it could be a valuable tool for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Tenreiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Henrique V Almeida
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tomás Calmeiro
- CENIMAT|i3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT|i3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC, Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Sobreiro‐Almeida R, Quinteira R, Neves NM. Renal Regeneration: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Current ECM-Based Tissue Engineered Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100160. [PMID: 34137210 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices (ECM) are currently being studied as an alternative source for organ transplantation or as new solutions to treat kidney injuries, which can evolve to end-stage renal disease, a life devastating condition. This paper provides an overview on the current knowledge in kidney ECM and its usefulness on future investigations. The composition and structure of kidney ECM is herein associated with its intrinsic capacity of remodeling and repair after insult. Moreover, it provides a deeper insight on altered ECM components during disease. The use of decellularized kidney matrices is discussed in the second part of the review, with emphasis on how these matrices contribute to tissue-specific differentiation of embryonic, pluripotent, and other stem cells. The evolution on the field toward different uses of xenogeneic ECM as a biological scaffold material is discussed, namely the major outcomes on whole kidney recellularization and its in vivo implantation. At last, the recent literature on the use of processed kidney decellularized ECM to produce diverse biomaterial substrates, such as hydrogels, membranes, and bioinks are reviewed, with emphasis on future perspectives of its translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sobreiro‐Almeida
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rita Quinteira
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Zhang W, Du A, Liu S, Lv M, Chen S. Research progress in decellularized extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels. Regen Ther 2021; 18:88-96. [PMID: 34095366 PMCID: PMC8142036 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is widely used in regenerative medicine as a scaffold material due to its unique biological activity and good biocompatibility. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional network structure polymer with high water content and high swelling that can simulate the water environment of human tissues, has good biocompatibility, and can exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste with cells. At present, hydrogel is the ideal biological material for tissue engineering. In recent years, rapid development of the hydrogel theory and technology and progress in the use of dECM to form hydrogels have attracted considerable attention to dECM hydrogels as an innovative method for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This article introduces the classification of hydrogels, and focuses on the history and formation of dECM hydrogels, the source of dECM, the application of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering and the commercial application of dECM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Aoling Du
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- Anesthesia Class 1 of Chuanshan College, South China University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Liu S, Li P, Liu X, Wang P, Xue W, Ren Y, Yang R, Chi B, Ye Z. Bioinspired mineral-polymeric hybrid hyaluronic acid/poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels as tunable scaffolds for stem cells differentiation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118048. [PMID: 33910750 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the difficulty of integrated repair of osteochondral tissue, we designed a hybrid hydrogel scaffold that mimicked the microenvironment of osteochondral niches. Besides, the nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) was specially introduced into the hydrogel for its natural ability to promote bone regeneration. The hydrogel also exhibited good toughness (7500 KJ/m3), strength (1000 kPa), viscoelasticity, and in vitro cell experiments showed that hydrogels had quite good cytocompatibility (near 100 % viability). The results of the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture also proved that the survival rate of the cells in the hybrid hydrogels doped with nHAP and dispersion were the highest. In vitro RT-qPCR experiments proved that after being cultured in hydrogel scaffolds doped with nHAP, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could express genes related to osteoblasts and chondrocytes. As a result, this hydrogel provides a general for developing alternative materials applicable for stem cells differentiation and even osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Peili Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenliang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Biofabrication in Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Plea from the Operating Theatre, Promise from Science. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030332. [PMID: 33800971 PMCID: PMC8004062 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in numerous fields of biofabrication, clinical application of biomaterials combined with bioactive molecules and/or cells largely remains a promise in an individualized patient settings. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting evolved as promising techniques used for tissue-engineering, so that several kinds of tissue can now be printed in layers or as defined structures for replacement and/or reconstruction in regenerative medicine and surgery. Besides technological, practical, ethical and legal challenges to solve, there is also a gap between the research labs and the patients' bedside. Congenital and pediatric cardiac surgery mostly deal with reconstructive patient-scenarios when defects are closed, various segments of the heart are connected, valves are implanted. Currently available biomaterials lack the potential of growth and conduits, valves derange over time surrendering patients to reoperations. Availability of viable, growing biomaterials could cancel reoperations that could entail significant public health benefit and improved quality-of-life. Congenital cardiac surgery is uniquely suited for closing the gap in translational research, rapid application of new techniques, and collaboration between interdisciplinary teams. This article provides a succinct review of the state-of-the art clinical practice and biofabrication strategies used in congenital and pediatric cardiac surgery, and highlights the need and avenues for translational research and collaboration.
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Capella-Monsonís H, Zeugolis DI. Decellularized xenografts in regenerative medicine: From processing to clinical application. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12683. [PMID: 33709410 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized xenografts are an inherent component of regenerative medicine. Their preserved structure, mechanical integrity and biofunctional composition have well established them in reparative medicine for a diverse range of clinical indications. Nonetheless, their performance is highly influenced by their source (ie species, age, tissue) and processing (ie decellularization, crosslinking, sterilization and preservation), which govern their final characteristics and determine their success or failure for a specific clinical target. In this review, we provide an overview of the different sources and processing methods used in decellularized xenografts fabrication and discuss their effect on the clinical performance of commercially available decellularized xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- 1Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- 1Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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21
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Wang Z, Han L, Sun T, Ma J, Sun S, Ma L, Wu B. Extracellular matrix derived from allogenic decellularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets for the reconstruction of osteochondral defects in rabbits. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:54-68. [PMID: 33068746 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds from synthetical polymers or decellularized cartilage matrices have been widely used in osteochondral regeneration. However, the risks of potential immunological reactions and the inevitable donor morbidity of these scaffolds have limited their practical applications. To address these issues, a biological extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold derived from allogenic decellularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheets was established for osteochondral reconstruction. BMSCs were induced to form cell sheets. Three different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), namely, 0.5%, 1%, and 3%, were used to decellularize these BMSC sheets to prepare the ECM. Histological and microstructural observations were performed in vitro and then the ECM scaffolds were implanted into osteochondral defects in rabbits to evaluate the repair effect in vivo. Treatment with 0.5% SDS not only efficiently removed BMSCs but also successfully preserved the original structure and bioactive components of the ECM When compared with the 1% and 3% SDS groups, histological observations substantiated the superior repair effect of osteochondral defects, including the simultaneous regeneration of well-vascularized subchondral bone and avascular articular cartilage integrated with native tissues in the 0.5% SDS group. Moreover, RT-PCR indicated that ECM scaffolds could promote the osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs under osteogenic conditions while increasing the chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs under chondrogenic conditions. Allogenic BMSC sheets decellularized with 0.5% SDS treatment increased the recruitment of BMSCs and significantly improved the regeneration of osteochondral defects in rabbits, thus providing a prospective approach for both articular cartilage and subchondral bone reconstruction with cell-free transplantation.
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22
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Pereira I, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Rodrigues A, Rodrigues C, Oliveira M, Silva DM, Caseiro AR, Prada J, Maurício AC, Santos JD, Gama M. Regeneration of critical-sized defects, in a goat model, using a dextrin-based hydrogel associated with granular synthetic bone substitute. Regen Biomater 2020; 8:rbaa036. [PMID: 33732486 PMCID: PMC7947577 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of injectable bone substitutes (IBS) have obtained great importance in the bone regeneration field, as a strategy to reach hardly accessible defects using minimally invasive techniques and able to fit to irregular topographies. In this scenario, the association of injectable hydrogels and bone graft granules is emerging as a well-established trend. Particularly, in situ forming hydrogels have arisen as a new IBS generation. An in situ forming and injectable dextrin-based hydrogel (HG) was developed, aiming to act as a carrier of granular bone substitutes and bioactive agents. In this work, the HG was associated to a granular bone substitute (Bonelike®) and implanted in goat critical-sized calvarial defects (14 mm) for 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The results showed that HG improved the handling properties of the Bonelike® granules and did not affect its osteoconductive features, neither impairing the bone regeneration process. Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord, extracellular matrix hydrolysates and the pro-angiogenic peptide LLKKK18 were also combined with the IBS. These bioactive agents did not enhance the new bone formation significantly under the conditions tested, according to micro-computed tomography and histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pereira
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- Correspondence address. CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. Tel: +351-253-604-418; E-mail:
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- CECAV, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- CECAV, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Dina M Silva
- Biosckin, Molecular and Cell Therapies S.A., Laboratório Criovida, TecMaia, Rua Engenheiro Frederico Ulrich 2650, Moreira da Maia 4470-605, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Porto 4051-401 Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG)/Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, n.° 197 Lordemão, Coimbra 3020-210, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- CECAV, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Porto 4051-401 Portugal
| | - José Domingos Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-495, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
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23
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Kheirjou R, Rad JS, Khosroshahi AF, Roshangar L. The useful agent to have an ideal biological scaffold. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:225-239. [PMID: 33222022 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering which is applied in regenerative medicine has three basic components: cells, scaffolds and growth factors. This multidisciplinary field can regulate cell behaviors in different conditions using scaffolds and growth factors. Scaffolds perform this regulation with their structural, mechanical, functional and bioinductive properties and growth factors by attaching to and activating their receptors in cells. There are various types of biological extracellular matrix (ECM) and polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering. Recently, many researchers have turned to using biological ECM rather than polymeric scaffolds because of its safety and growth factors. Therefore, selection the right scaffold with the best properties tailored to clinical use is an ideal way to regulate cell behaviors in order to repair or improve damaged tissue functions in regenerative medicine. In this review we first divided properties of biological scaffold into intrinsic and extrinsic elements and then explain the components of each element. Finally, the types of scaffold storage methods and their advantages and disadvantages are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Kheirjou
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33363879, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Ferdowsi Khosroshahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33363879, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Magden GK, Vural C, Bayrak BY, Ozdogan CY, Kenar H. Composite sponges from sheep decellularized small intestinal submucosa for treatment of diabetic wounds. J Biomater Appl 2020; 36:113-127. [PMID: 33023379 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220963897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fast development of technology in the world, diabetic foot wounds cause deaths and massive economical losses. Diabetes comes first among the reasons of non traumatic foot amputations. To reduce the healing time of these fast progressing wounds, effective wound dressings are in high demand. In our study, sheep small intestinal submucosa (SIS) based biocompatible sponges were prepared after SIS decellularization and their wound healing potential was investigated on full thickness skin defects in a diabetic rat model. The decellularized SIS membranes had no cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts and supported capillary formation by HUVECs in a fibroblast-HUVEC co-culture. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked sponges of three different compositions were prepared to test in a diabetic rat model: gelatin (GS), gelatin: hyaluronic acid (GS:HA) and gelatin: hyaluronic acid: SIS (GS:HA:SIS). The GS:HA:SIS sponges underwent a 24.8 ± 5.4% weight loss in a 7-day in vitro erosion test. All sponges had a similar Young's modulus under compression but GS:HA:SIS had the highest (5.00 ± 0.04 kPa). Statistical analyses of histopathological results of a 12-day in vivo experiment revealed no significant difference among the control, GS, GS:HA, and GS:HA:SIS transplanted groups in terms of granulation tissue thickness, collagen deposition, capillary vessel formation, and foreign body reaction (P > 0.05). On the other hand, in the GS:HA:SIS transplanted group 80% of the animals had a complete epidermal regeneration and this was significantly different than the control group (30%, P < 0.05). Preclinical studies revealed that the ECM of sheep small intestinal submucosa can be used as an effective biomaterial in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kara Magden
- Polymer Science and Technology Dept., Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Vural
- Polymer Science and Technology Dept., Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Busra Yaprak Bayrak
- Polymer Science and Technology Dept., Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Candan Yilmaz Ozdogan
- Polymer Science and Technology Dept., Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Halime Kenar
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Kocaeli University, Turkey
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25
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Dong S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tang L, Cheng T, Zhou X. Evaluation of Cell's Passability in the ECM Network. Biophys J 2020; 119:1056-1064. [PMID: 32891186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in affecting cell migration, especially nonproteolytic migration. It is difficult, however, to measure some properties of the ECM, such as stiffness and the passability for cell migration. On the basis of a network model of collagen fiber in the ECM, which has been well applied to simulate mechanical behaviors such as the stress-strain relationship, damage, and failure, we proposed a series of methods to study the microstructural properties containing pore size and pore stiffness and to search for the possible migration paths for cells. Finally, with a given criterion, we quantitatively evaluated the passability of the ECM network for cell migration. The fiber network model with a microstructure and the analysis method presented in this study further our understanding of and ability to evaluate the properties of an ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrou Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zetao Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoubin Dong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejia Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taobo Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Wang X, Lu Y, Wang W, Wang Q, Liang J, Fan Y, Zhang X. Effect of different aged cartilage ECM on chondrogenesis of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:583-595. [PMID: 33365144 PMCID: PMC7748452 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials are promising candidates in cartilage tissue engineering by simulating the native microenvironment to regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) without exogenous growth factors. The biological properties of ECM scaffolds are primarily depended on the original source, which would directly influence the chondrogenic effects of the ECM materials. Despite the expanding investigations on ECM scaffolds in recent years, the selection of optimized ECM materials in cartilage regeneration was less reported. In this study, we harvested and compared the articular cartilage ECM from newborn, juvenile and adult rabbits. The results demonstrated the significant differences in the mechanical strength, sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents of the different aged ECM, before and after decellularization. Consequently, different compositional and mechanical properties were shown in the three ECM-based collagen hydrogels, which exerted age-dependent chondrogenic inducibility. In general, both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that the newborn ECM promoted the most chondrogenesis of BMSCs but led to severe matrix calcification. In contrast, BMSCs synthesized the lowest amount of cartilaginous matrix with minimal calcification with adult ECM. The juvenile ECM achieved the best overall results in promoting chondrogenesis of BMSCs and preventing matrix calcification. Together, this study provides important information to our current knowledge in the design of future ECM-based biomaterials towards a successful repair of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu 610064, China
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27
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Kim BS, Das S, Jang J, Cho DW. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Bioinks for Engineering Tissue- and Organ-specific Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10608-10661. [PMID: 32786425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials-based biofabrication methods have gained much attention in recent years. Among them, 3D cell printing is a pioneering technology to facilitate the recapitulation of unique features of complex human tissues and organs with high process flexibility and versatility. Bioinks, combinations of printable hydrogel and cells, can be utilized to create 3D cell-printed constructs. The bioactive cues of bioinks directly trigger cells to induce tissue morphogenesis. Among the various printable hydrogels, the tissue- and organ-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can exert synergistic effects in supporting various cells at any component by facilitating specific physiological properties. In this review, we aim to discuss a new paradigm of dECM-based bioinks able to recapitulate the inherent microenvironmental niche in 3D cell-printed constructs. This review can serve as a toolbox for biomedical engineers who want to understand the beneficial characteristics of the dECM-based bioinks and a basic set of fundamental criteria for printing functional human tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Soo Kim
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu,, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanskrita Das
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu,, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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28
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Liao J, Xu B, Zhang R, Fan Y, Xie H, Li X. Applications of decellularized materials in tissue engineering: advantages, drawbacks and current improvements, and future perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10023-10049. [PMID: 33053004 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized materials (DMs) are attracting more and more attention in tissue engineering because of their many unique advantages, and they could be further improved in some aspects through various means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching
- the Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City
- Baoding 072350
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
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29
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Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:2132-2153. [PMID: 31741227 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used for the repair and remodeling of injured tissue. The clinical outcomes associated with implantation of ECM-based materials range from unacceptable to excellent. The variable clinical results are largely due to differences in the preparation of the material, including characteristics of the source tissue, the method and efficacy of decellularization, and post-decellularization processing steps. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds promote constructive tissue remodeling include mechanical support, degradation and release of bioactive molecules, recruitment and differentiation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, and modulation of the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The methods of ECM preparation and the impact of these methods on the quality of the final product are described herein. Examples of favorable cellular responses of immune and stem cells associated with constructive tissue remodeling of ECM bioscaffolds are described.
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30
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Marcinczyk M, Dunn A, Haas G, Madsen J, Scheidt R, Patel K, Talovic M, Garg K. The Effect of Laminin-111 Hydrogels on Muscle Regeneration in a Murine Model of Injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1001-1012. [PMID: 30426851 PMCID: PMC9839345 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Extremity injuries make up the most common survivable injuries in vehicular accidents and modern military conflicts. A majority of these injuries involve volumetric muscle loss (VML). The potential for donor site morbidity may limit the clinical use of autologous muscle grafts for VML injuries. Treatments that can improve the regeneration of functional muscle tissue are critically needed to improve limb salvage and reduce the rate of delayed amputations. The development of a laminin-111-enriched fibrin hydrogel will offer a potentially transformative and "off-the-shelf" clinically relevant therapy for functional skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gabriel Haas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Josh Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert Scheidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri.,Address correspondence to: Koyal Garg, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, 3507 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63103
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31
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Dunn A, Talovic M, Patel K, Patel A, Marcinczyk M, Garg K. Biomaterial and stem cell-based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1246-1262. [PMID: 30604468 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell-based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off-the-shelf solution to cell-based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246-1262, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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32
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Modo M, Badylak SF. A roadmap for promoting endogenous in situ tissue restoration using inductive bioscaffolds after acute brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:136-149. [PMID: 31128250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of brain tissue remains one of the greatest unsolved challenges in medicine and by many is considered unfeasible. Indeed, the adult mammalian brain does not regenerate tissue, but there is ongoing endogenous neurogenesis, which is upregulated after injury and contributes to tissue repair. This endogenous repair response is a conditio sine que non for tissue regeneration. However, scarring around the lesion core and cavitation provide unfavorable conditions for tissue regeneration in the brain. Based on the success of using extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioscaffolds in peripheral soft tissue regeneration, it is plausible that the provision of an inductive ECM-based hydrogel inside the volumetric tissue loss can attract neural cells and create a de novo viable tissue. Following perturbation theory of these successes in peripheral tissues, we here propose 9 perturbation parts (i.e. requirements) that can be solved independently to create an integrated series to build a functional and integrated de novo neural tissue. Necessities for tissue formation, anatomical and functional connectivity are further discussed to provide a new substrate to support the improvement of behavioral impairments after acute brain injury. We also consider potential parallel developments of this tissue engineering effort that can support therapeutic benefits in the absence of de novo tissue formation (e.g. structural support to veterate brain tissue). It is envisaged that eventually top-down inductive "natural" bioscaffolds composed of decellularized tissues (i.e. ECM) will be replaced by bottom-up synthetic designer hydrogels that will provide very defined structural and signaling properties, potentially even opening up opportunities we currently do not envisage using natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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33
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Kabirian F, Mozafari M. Decellularized ECM-derived bioinks: Prospects for the future. Methods 2019; 171:108-118. [PMID: 31051254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization aims to remove cells from tissue ultrastructure while preserving the mechanical and biological properties, which makes the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) an appropriate scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology as a reproducible and accurate method can print the combination of ECM and autologous cells layer by layer to fabricate patient based cell-laden structures representing the intrinsic cues of natural ECM. This review defines ECM, classifies decellularization agents and techniques, and explains different sources of ECM. Then, bioprinting techniques, bioink concept, applications of dECM bioinks, and finally the future perspectives of 3d bioprinting technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kabirian
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Department, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Department, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Meyer M. Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materials properties. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:24. [PMID: 30885217 PMCID: PMC6423854 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in animal kingdom belongs to a family of fibrous proteins, which transfer load in tissues and which provide a highly biocompatible environment for cells. This high biocompatibility makes collagen a perfect biomaterial for implantable medical products and scaffolds for in vitro testing systems. To manufacture collagen based solutions, porous sponges, membranes and threads for surgical and dental purposes or cell culture matrices, collagen rich tissues as skin and tendon of mammals are intensively processed by physical and chemical means. Other tissues such as pericardium and intestine are more gently decellularized while maintaining their complex collagenous architectures. Tissue processing technologies are organized as a series of steps, which are combined in different ways to manufacture structurally versatile materials with varying properties in strength, stability against temperature and enzymatic degradation and cellular response. Complex structures are achieved by combined technologies. Different drying techniques are performed with sterilisation steps and the preparation of porous structures simultaneously. Chemical crosslinking is combined with casting steps as spinning, moulding or additive manufacturing techniques. Important progress is expected by using collagen based bio-inks, which can be formed into 3D structures and combined with live cells. This review will give an overview of the technological principles of processing collagen rich tissues down to collagen hydrolysates and the methods to rebuild differently shaped products. The effects of the processing steps on the final materials properties are discussed especially with regard to the thermal and the physical properties and the susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. These properties are key features for biological and clinical application, handling and metabolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meyer
- Research Institute for Leather and Plastic Sheeting, Meissner Ring 1-5, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
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Cao G, Huang Y, Li K, Fan Y, Xie H, Li X. Small intestinal submucosa: superiority, limitations and solutions, and its potential to address bottlenecks in tissue repair. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5038-5055. [PMID: 31432871 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has attracted much attention in tissue repair because it can provide plentiful bioactive factors and a biomimetic three-dimensional microenvironment to induce desired cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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Wang Z, Li Z, Li Z, Wu B, Liu Y, Wu W. Cartilaginous extracellular matrix derived from decellularized chondrocyte sheets for the reconstruction of osteochondral defects in rabbits. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:129-145. [PMID: 30300711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) materials derived from decellularized native articular cartilage are widely used in cartilage regeneration. However, it is difficult for endogenous cells to migrate into ECM derived from native cartilage owing to its nonporous structure and dense nature. Moreover, current decellularization approaches frequently lead to architectural breakdown and potential loss of surface composition of ECM. To solve this problem, we aimed to establish a novel biological ECM scaffold from chondrocyte sheets for cartilage regeneration. We cultured chondrocytes harvested from the auricular cartilage of 4-week-old New Zealand rabbits and enabled them to form cell sheets. These sheets were decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with three different concentrations, namely, 1%, 5%, and 10%, followed by 1% Triton X-100 and deoxyribonuclease enzyme solution. In vitro microstructural examination and mechanical tests demonstrated that 1% SDS not only removed chondrocytes completely but also maintained the native architecture and composition of ECM, thus avoiding the use of high-concentration SDS. Application of decellularized chondrocyte sheets for osteochondral defects in rabbits resulted in substantial host remodeling and variant regeneration of osteochondral tissues. One percent SDS-treated decellularized chondrocyte sheets contributed to the superior reconstruction of osteochondral defects as compared with 5% and 10% SDS groups, which includes vascularized subchondral bone, articular cartilage with adequate thickness, and integration with host tissues. Furthermore, ECM from 1% SDS significantly increased the migrating potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. RT-PCR and western blot also revealed that ECM increased the expression of SOX-9 in BMSCs, whereas it decreased COL-X expression. In conclusion, our results suggested that the chondrocyte sheets decellularized with 1% SDS preserved the integrity and bioactivity, which favored cell recruitment and enabled osteochondral regeneration in the knee joints of rabbits, thus offering a promising approach for articular cartilage reconstruction without cell transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although biological extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from decellularized native cartilage has been widely used in cartilage regeneration, it is difficult for endogenous cells to migrate into ECM owing to its dense nature. Moreover, current decellularization approaches lead to architectural breakdown of ECM. This study established a novel biological ECM from decellularized chondrocyte sheets for cartilage regeneration. Our results suggested that cartilaginous ECM favored cell recruitment and enabled osteochondral regeneration in rabbits, thus offering a promising approach for articular cartilage reconstruction without cell transplantation. SDS 1% adequately decellularized the chondrocytes in cell sheets, whereas it maintained the native architecture and composition of ECM, thereby avoiding the use of high-concentration SDS and providing a new way to acquire cartilaginous ECM.
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Xue K, Wang X, Yong PW, Young DJ, Wu YL, Li Z, Loh XJ. Hydrogels as Emerging Materials for Translational Biomedicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Pei Wern Yong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
| | - David James Young
- Faculty of Science; Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; 11 Third Hospital Avenue Singapore 168751 Singapore
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Schäfer FM, Stehr M. Tissue engineering in pediatric urology - a critical appraisal. Innov Surg Sci 2018; 3:107-118. [PMID: 31579774 PMCID: PMC6604568 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is defined as the combination of biomaterials and bioengineering principles together with cell transplantation or directed growth of host cells to develop a biological replacement tissue or organ that can be a substitute for normal tissue both in structure and function. Despite early promising preclinical studies, clinical translation of tissue engineering in pediatric urology into humans has been unsuccessful both for cell-seeded and acellular scaffolds. This can be ascribed to various factors, including the use of only non-diseased models that inaccurately describe the structural and functional modifications of diseased tissue. The paper addresses potential future strategies to overcome the limitations experienced in clinical applications so far. This includes the use of stem cells of various origins (mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, urine-derived stem cells, and progenitor cells of the urothelium) as well as the need for a deeper understanding of signaling pathways and directing tissue ingrowth and differentiation through the concept of dynamic reciprocity. The development of smart scaffolds that release trophic factors in a set and timely manner will probably improve regeneration. Modulation of innate immune response as a major contributor to tissue regeneration outcome is also addressed. It is unlikely that only one of these strategies alone will lead to clinically applicable tissue engineering strategies in pediatric urology. In the meanwhile, the fundamental new insights into regenerative processes already obtained in the attempts of tissue engineering of the lower urogenital tract remain our greatest gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-Mattias Schäfer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Cnopfsche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stehr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Cnopfsche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg, Germany
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LoPresti ST, Brown BN. Effect of Source Animal Age upon Macrophage Response to Extracellular Matrix Biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1:57-66. [PMID: 30101208 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix biomaterials have been shown to promote constructive remodeling in many preclinical and clinical applications. This response has been associated with the promotion of a timely switch from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. A previous study has shown that this beneficial response is lost when these biomaterials are derived from aged animals. This study examined the impact of small intestine submucosa (SIS) derived from 12, 26 and 52 week old pigs on the phenotype and function of bone marrow macrophages derived either from 2 or 18 month old mice. Results showed that 52 week old SIS promoted less iNOS in 2 month macrophages and Fizz1 expression in 2 and 18 month compared to 12 week SIS. Pro-inflammatory cytokine exposure to 52 week SIS-treated macrophages resulted in higher iNOS in 18 month macrophages and reduced MHC-II expression in 2 month macrophages, as well as reduced nitric oxide production in comparison to 12 week SIS. These results indicate that ECM derived from aged animals promotes an altered macrophage phenotype compared to young controls. This suggests that sourcing of ECM from young donors is important to preserve constructive remodeling outcomes of ECM biomaterials. Alteration of macrophage phenotype by aged ECM also raises the hypothesis that alterations in aged ECM may play a role in immune dysfunction in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T LoPresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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The extracellular matrix of the gastrointestinal tract: a regenerative medicine platform. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:540-552. [PMID: 28698662 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and secretion of components that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) by resident cell types occur at the earliest stages of embryonic development, and continue throughout life in both healthy and diseased physiological states. The ECM consists of a complex mixture of insoluble and soluble functional components that are arranged in a tissue-specific 3D ultrastructure, and it regulates numerous biological processes, including angiogenesis, innervation and stem cell differentiation. Owing to its composition and influence on embryonic development, as well as cellular and organ homeostasis, the ECM is an ideal therapeutic substrate for the repair of damaged or diseased tissues. Biologic scaffold materials that are composed of ECM have been used in various surgical and tissue-engineering applications. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents distinct challenges, such as diverse pH conditions and the requirement for motility and nutrient absorption. Despite these challenges, the use of homologous and heterologous ECM bioscaffolds for the focal or segmental reconstruction and regeneration of GI tissue has shown promise in early preclinical and clinical studies. This Review discusses the importance of tissue-specific ECM bioscaffolds and highlights the major advances that have been made in regenerative medicine strategies for the reconstruction of functional GI tissues.
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Gaffney L, Wrona EA, Freytes DO. Potential Synergistic Effects of Stem Cells and Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Gaffney
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Emily A. Wrona
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Donald O. Freytes
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Sukhorukova IV, Sheveyko AN, Firestein KL, Kiryukhantsev-Korneev PV, Golberg D, Shtansky DV. Mechanical properties of decellularized extracellular matrix coated with TiCaPCON film. Biomed Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa6fc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Rothrauff BB, Yang G, Tuan RS. Tissue-specific bioactivity of soluble tendon-derived and cartilage-derived extracellular matrices on adult mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:133. [PMID: 28583182 PMCID: PMC5460492 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological scaffolds composed of tissue-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) can promote homologous (i.e., tissue-specific) cell differentiation through preservation of biophysical and biochemical motifs found in native tissues. Solubilized ECMs derived from decellularized tendon and cartilage have recently been promoted as tissue-specific biomaterials, but whether tissue-specific bioactivity is preserved following solubilization is unknown. This study explored the tissue-specific bioactivity of soluble decellularized tendon and cartilage ECMs on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) presented across different culture microenvironments, including two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture plastic, aligned electrospun nanofibers, cell pellets, and cell-seeded photocrosslinkable hydrogels. METHODS Tendon and cartilage ECMs were decellularized using established methods and solubilized either via pepsin digestion or urea extraction. The effect of soluble ECMs on cell proliferation and differentiation was initially explored by supplementing basal medium of human MSCs cultured on 2D tissue culture plastic. In subsequent experiments, MSCs were cultured on aligned electrospun nanofibers, ascell pellets, or encapsulated within photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels. Urea-extracted tendon and cartilage ECMs were added as supplements. RESULTS Pepsin-digested ECMs did not promote homologous differentiation in human MSCs, whether provided as a medium supplement or three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels. In contrast, urea-extracted ECMs tended to promote tissue-specific differentiation of MSCs cultured in 2D and 3D microenvironments. The application of the small molecule TGF-β signaling inhibitor SB-431542 largely negated the tissue-specific gene expression patterns mediated by tendon and cartilage ECMs. This suggests that the action of endogenous TGF-β was required, but was not sufficient, to impart tissue-specific bioactivity of urea-extracted ECMs. When urea-extracted cartilage ECM was incorporated within a photocurable GelMA hydrogel it independently enhanced chondrogenesis in encapsulated MSCs, and showed additive prochondrogenesis upon TGF-β supplementation in the medium. CONCLUSIONS Urea-extracted ECM fractions of decellularized tendon and cartilage are soluble supplements capable of enhancing tissue-specific differentiation of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Rothrauff
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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44
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Kočí Z, Výborný K, Dubišová J, Vacková I, Jäger A, Lunov O, Jiráková K, Kubinová Š. Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Derived from Human Umbilical Cord as a Scaffold for Neural Tissue Repair and Its Comparison with Extracellular Matrix from Porcine Tissues. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:333-345. [PMID: 28471271 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels prepared by tissue decellularization have been reported as natural injectable materials suitable for neural tissue repair. In this study, we prepared ECM hydrogel derived from human umbilical cord (UC) and evaluated its composition and mechanical and biological properties in comparison with the previously described ECM hydrogels derived from porcine urinary bladder (UB), brain, and spinal cord. The ECM hydrogels did not differ from each other in the concentration of collagen, while the highest content of glycosaminoglycans as well as the shortest gelation time was found for UC-ECM. The elastic modulus was then found to be the highest for UB-ECM. In spite of a different origin, topography, and composition, all ECM hydrogels similarly promoted the migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as axonal outgrowth in vitro. However, only UC-ECM significantly improved proliferation of tissue-specific UC-derived MSCs when compared with the other ECMs. Injection of UC-ECM hydrogels into a photothrombotic cortical ischemic lesion in rats proved its in vivo gelation and infiltration with host macrophages. In summary, this study proposes UC-ECM hydrogel as an easily accessible biomaterial of human origin, which has the potential for neural as well as other soft tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kočí
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Second Medical Faculty, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Výborný
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Second Medical Faculty, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dubišová
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Second Medical Faculty, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Vacková
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Jäger
- 3 Institute of Physics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- 3 Institute of Physics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Jiráková
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Brown BN, Haschak MJ, Lopresti ST, Stahl EC. Effects of age-related shifts in cellular function and local microenvironment upon the innate immune response to implants. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:24-32. [PMID: 28539184 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The host macrophage response is now well recognized as a predictor of the success or failure of biomaterial implants following placement. More specifically, shifts from an "M1" pro-inflammatory towards a more "M2-like" anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization profile have been shown to result in enhanced material integration and/or tissue regeneration downstream. As a result, a number of biomaterials-based approaches to controlling macrophage polarization have been developed. However, the ability to promote such activity is predicated upon an in-depth, context-dependent understanding of the host response to biomaterials. Recent work has shown the impacts of both tissue location and tissue status (i.e. underlying pathology) upon the host innate immune response to implants, representing a departure from a focus upon implant material composition and form. Thus, the ideas of "biocompatibility," the host macrophage reaction, and ideal material requirements and modification strategies may need to be revisited on a patient, tissue, and disease basis. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that the host response to biomaterials in aged individuals should differ from that in younger individuals. However, despite the increasing usage of implantable medical devices in aged patients, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response to biomaterials and the implications of this response for long-term integration and function have been performed. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the putative effects of aging upon the host response to implanted materials and to advance the hypothesis that age-related changes in the local microenvrionement, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix, play a previously unrecognized role in determining the host response to implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Martin J Haschak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Samuel T Lopresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Stahl
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Kelly SH, Shores LS, Votaw NL, Collier JH. Biomaterial strategies for generating therapeutic immune responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:3-18. [PMID: 28455189 PMCID: PMC5606982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials employed to raise therapeutic immune responses have become a complex and active field. Historically, vaccines have been developed primarily to fight infectious diseases, but recent years have seen the development of immunologically active biomaterials towards an expanding list of non-infectious diseases and conditions including inflammation, autoimmunity, wounds, cancer, and others. This review structures its discussion of these approaches around a progression from single-target strategies to those that engage increasingly complex and multifactorial immune responses. First, the targeting of specific individual cytokines is discussed, both in terms of delivering the cytokines or blocking agents, and in terms of active immunotherapies that raise neutralizing immune responses against such single cytokine targets. Next, non-biological complex drugs such as randomized polyamino acid copolymers are discussed in terms of their ability to raise multiple different therapeutic immune responses, particularly in the context of autoimmunity. Last, biologically derived matrices and materials are discussed in terms of their ability to raise complex immune responses in the context of tissue repair. Collectively, these examples reflect the tremendous diversity of existing approaches and the breadth of opportunities that remain for generating therapeutic immune responses using biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kelly
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Lucas S Shores
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Nicole L Votaw
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States.
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The effects of porosity and stiffness of genipin cross-linked egg white simulating aged extracellular matrix on proliferation and aggregation of ovarian cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Humanized mouse model for assessing the human immune response to xenogeneic and allogeneic decellularized biomaterials. Biomaterials 2017; 129:98-110. [PMID: 28334641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current assessment of biomaterial biocompatibility is typically implemented in wild type rodent models. Unfortunately, different characteristics of the immune systems in rodents versus humans limit the capability of these models to mimic the human immune response to naturally derived biomaterials. Here we investigated the utility of humanized mice as an improved model for testing naturally derived biomaterials. Two injectable hydrogels derived from decellularized porcine or human cadaveric myocardium were compared. Three days and one week after subcutaneous injection, the hydrogels were analyzed for early and mid-phase immune responses, respectively. Immune cells in the humanized mouse model, particularly T-helper cells, responded distinctly between the xenogeneic and allogeneic biomaterials. The allogeneic extracellular matrix derived hydrogels elicited significantly reduced total, human specific, and CD4+ T-helper cell infiltration in humanized mice compared to xenogeneic extracellular matrix hydrogels, which was not recapitulated in wild type mice. T-helper cells, in response to the allogeneic hydrogel material, were also less polarized towards a pro-remodeling Th2 phenotype compared to xenogeneic extracellular matrix hydrogels in humanized mice. In both models, both biomaterials induced the infiltration of macrophages polarized towards a M2 phenotype and T-helper cells polarized towards a Th2 phenotype. In conclusion, these studies showed the importance of testing naturally derived biomaterials in immune competent animals and the potential of utilizing this humanized mouse model for further studying human immune cell responses to biomaterials in an in vivo environment.
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Morris AH, Stamer DK, Kyriakides TR. The host response to naturally-derived extracellular matrix biomaterials. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:72-91. [PMID: 28274693 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on natural materials including decellularized tissues and tissue-derived hydrogels are becoming more widely used for clinical applications. Because of their native composition and structure, these biomaterials induce a distinct form of the foreign body response that differs from that of non-native biomaterials. Differences include direct interactions with cells via preserved moieties as well as the ability to undergo remodeling. Moreover, these biomaterials could elicit adaptive immune responses due to the presence of modified native molecules. Therefore, these biomaterials present unique challenges in terms of understanding the progression of the foreign body response. This review covers this response to natural materials including natural polymers, decellularized tissues, cell-derived matrix, tissue derived hydrogels, and biohybrid materials. With the expansion of the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the current repertoire of biomaterials has also expanded and requires continuous investigation of the responses they elicit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D K Stamer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - T R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Shimomura K, Rothrauff BB, Tuan RS. Region-Specific Effect of the Decellularized Meniscus Extracellular Matrix on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Meniscus Tissue Engineering. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:604-611. [PMID: 27895039 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516674184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The meniscus is the most commonly injured knee structure, and surgical repair is often ineffective. Tissue engineering-based repair or regeneration may provide a needed solution. Decellularized, tissue-derived extracellular matrices (ECMs) have received attention for their potential use as tissue-engineered scaffolds. In considering meniscus-derived ECMs (mECMs) for meniscus tissue engineering, it is noteworthy that the inner and outer regions of the meniscus have different structural and biochemical features, potentially directing the differentiation of cells toward region-specific phenotypes. PURPOSE To investigate the applicability of mECMs for meniscus tissue engineering by specifically comparing region-dependent effects of mECMs on 3-dimensional constructs seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Bovine menisci were divided into inner and outer halves and were minced, treated with Triton X-100 and DNase, and extracted with urea. Then, hBMSCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were encapsulated in a photo-cross-linked 10% polyethylene glycol diacrylate scaffold containing mECMs (60 μg/mL) derived from either the inner or outer meniscus, with an ECM-free scaffold as a control. The cell-seeded constructs were cultured with chondrogenic medium containing recombinant human transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) and were analyzed for expression of meniscus-associated genes as well as for the collagen (hydroxyproline) and glycosaminoglycan content as a function of time. RESULTS Decellularization was verified by the absence of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained cell nuclei and a reduction in the DNA content. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that collagen type I expression was significantly higher in the outer mECM group than in the other groups, while collagen type II and aggrecan expression was highest in the inner mECM group. The collagen (hydroxyproline) content was highest in the outer mECM group, while the glycosaminoglycan content was higher in both the inner and outer mECM groups compared with the control group. CONCLUSION These results showed that the inner mECM enhances the fibrocartilaginous differentiation of hBMSCs, while the outer mECM promotes a more fibroblastic phenotype. Our findings support the feasibility of fabricating bioactive scaffolds using region-specific mECM preparations for meniscus tissue engineering. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first report to demonstrate the feasibility of applying region-specific mECMs for the engineering of meniscus implants capable of reproducing the biphasic, anatomic, and biochemical characteristics of the meniscus, features that should contribute to the feasibility of their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Shimomura
- Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin B Rothrauff
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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