1
|
Yang S, Aulas A, Anderson PJ, Ivanov P. Stress granule formation enables anchorage-independence survival in cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.14.613064. [PMID: 39314476 PMCID: PMC11419135 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.14.613064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic structures assembled in response to various stress stimuli that enhance cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Here we show that SGs contribute to breast cancer progression by enhancing the survival of cells subjected to anoikis stress. SG assembly is triggered by inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) or loss of adhesion signals. Combined proteomic analysis and functional studies reveal that SG formation enhances cancer cell proliferation, resistance to metabolic stress, anoikis resistance, and migration. Importantly, inhibiting SG formation promotes the sensitivity of cancer cells to FAK inhibitors being developed as cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, we identify the Rho-ROCK- PERK-eIF2α axis as a critical signaling pathway activated by loss of adhesion signals and inhibition of the FAK-mTOR-eIF4F complex in breast cancer cells. By triggering SG assembly and AKT activation in response to anoikis stress, PERK functions as an oncoprotein in breast cancer cells. Overall, our study highlights the significance of SG formation in breast cancer progression and suggests that therapeutic inhibition of SG assembly may reverse anoikis resistance in treatment-resistant cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Highlights Either anoikis stress or loss of adhesion induce stress granule (SG) formationThe Rho-ROCK-PERK-eIF2α axis is a crucial signaling pathway triggered by the absence of adhesion signals, leading to the promotion of SG formation along with the inhibition of the FAK- AKT/mTOR-eIF4F complex under anoikis stress.PERK functions as an oncogene in breast cancer cells, initiating SG formation and activating AKT under anoikis stress.Inhibiting SG formation significantly enhances the sensitivity to Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) inhibitors, suggesting a potential for combined therapy to improve cancer treatment efficacy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Z, Miao L, Meng X, Sui J, Chen M, Zheng Z, Huo S, Liu S, Zhang H. Strontium-doped bioactive glass-functionalized polyetheretherketone enhances osseointegration by facilitating cell adhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114042. [PMID: 38924850 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In the field of orthopedics, surgeons have long been facing the challenge of loosening of external fixation screws due to inherent material characteristics. Despite Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) being employed as an orthopedic implant material for many years, its bio-inert nature often hinders bone healing due to the limited bioactivity, which restricts its clinical applications. Herein, a new type of orthopedic implant (Sr-SPK) was developed by introducing strontium (Sr)-doped mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) onto the surface of PEEK implants through a simple and feasible method. In vitro experiments revealed that Sr-SPK effectively promotes osteogenic differentiation while concurrently suppressing the formation of osteoclasts. The same results were validated in vivo with Sr-SPK significantly improving bone integration. Upon investigation, it was found that Sr-SPK promotes adhesion among bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) thereby promoting osteogenesis by activating the regulation of actin cytoskeletal and focal adhesion pathways, as identified via transcriptome analysis. In essence, these findings suggest that the newly constructed Sr-doped biofunctionalized PEEK implant developed in this research can promote osteoblast differentiation and suppress osteoclast activity by enhancing cell adhesion processes. These results underline the immense potential of such an implant for wide-ranging clinical applications in orthopedics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Licai Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhao Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengchen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shicheng Huo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madl CM, Wang YX, Holbrook CA, Su S, Shi X, Byfield FJ, Wicki G, Flaig IA, Blau HM. Hydrogel biomaterials that stiffen and soften on demand reveal that skeletal muscle stem cells harbor a mechanical memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406787121. [PMID: 39163337 PMCID: PMC11363279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406787121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are specialized cells that reside in adult skeletal muscle poised to repair muscle tissue. The ability of MuSCs to regenerate damaged tissues declines markedly with aging and in diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but the underlying causes of MuSC dysfunction remain poorly understood. Both aging and disease result in dramatic increases in the stiffness of the muscle tissue microenvironment from fibrosis. MuSCs are known to lose their regenerative potential if cultured on stiff plastic substrates. We sought to determine whether MuSCs harbor a memory of their past microenvironment and if it can be overcome. We tested MuSCs in situ using dynamic hydrogel biomaterials that soften or stiffen on demand in response to light and found that freshly isolated MuSCs develop a persistent memory of substrate stiffness characterized by loss of proliferative progenitors within the first three days of culture on stiff substrates. MuSCs cultured on soft hydrogels had altered cytoskeletal organization and activity of Rho and Rac guanosine triphosphate hydrolase (GTPase) and Yes-associated protein mechanotransduction pathways compared to those on stiff hydrogels. Pharmacologic inhibition identified RhoA activation as responsible for the mechanical memory phenotype, and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a molecular signature of the mechanical memory. These studies highlight that microenvironmental stiffness regulates MuSC fate and leads to MuSC dysfunction that is not readily reversed by changing stiffness. Our results suggest that stiffness can be circumvented by targeting downstream signaling pathways to overcome stem cell dysfunction in aged and disease states with aberrant fibrotic tissue mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Madl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Colin A. Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Shiqi Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Xuechen Shi
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Fitzroy J. Byfield
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Gwendoline Wicki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Iris A. Flaig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Helen M. Blau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bindal P, Kumar V, Kapil L, Singh C, Singh A. Therapeutic management of ischemic stroke. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2651-2679. [PMID: 37966570 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of years lost due to disability and the second-largest cause of mortality worldwide. Most occurrences of stroke are brought on by the sudden occlusion of an artery (ischemic stroke), but sometimes they are brought on by bleeding into brain tissue after a blood vessel has ruptured (hemorrhagic stroke). Alteplase is the only therapy the American Food and Drug Administration has approved for ischemic stroke under the thrombolysis category. Current views as well as relevant clinical research on the diagnosis, assessment, and management of stroke are reviewed to suggest appropriate treatment strategies. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for the available therapeutic regimes in the past, present, and future. With the advent of endovascular therapy in 2015 and intravenous thrombolysis in 1995, the therapeutic options for ischemic stroke have expanded significantly. A novel approach such as vagus nerve stimulation could be life-changing for many stroke patients. Therapeutic hypothermia, the process of cooling the body or brain to preserve organ integrity, is one of the most potent neuroprotectants in both clinical and preclinical contexts. The rapid intervention has been linked to more favorable clinical results. This study focuses on the pathogenesis of stroke, as well as its recent advancements, future prospects, and potential therapeutic targets in stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bindal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Lakshay Kapil
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Distt. Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanabe I, Ishimori K, Ishikawa S. Development of an in vitro human alveolar epithelial air-liquid interface model using a small molecule inhibitor cocktail. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38500038 PMCID: PMC10946194 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alveolar epithelium is exposed to numerous stimuli, such as chemicals, viruses, and bacteria that cause a variety of pulmonary diseases through inhalation. Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) cultured in vitro are a valuable tool for studying the impacts of these stimuli and developing therapies for associated diseases. However, maintaining the proliferative capacity of AECs in vitro is challenging. In this study, we used a cocktail of three small molecule inhibitors to cultivate AECs: Y-27632, A-83-01, and CHIR99021 (YAC). These inhibitors reportedly maintain the proliferative capacity of several types of stem/progenitor cells. RESULTS Primary human AECs cultured in medium containing YAC proliferated for more than 50 days (over nine passages) under submerged conditions. YAC-treated AECs were subsequently cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to promote differentiation. YAC-treated AECs on ALI day 7 formed a monolayer of epithelial tissue with strong expression of the surfactant protein-encoding genes SFTPA1, SFTPB, SFTPC, and SFTPD, which are markers for type II AECs (AECIIs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that paraffin sections of YAC-treated AECs on ALI day 7 were mainly composed of cells expressing surfactant protein B and prosurfactant protein C. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that YAC-containing medium could be useful for expansion of AECIIs, which are recognized as local stem/progenitor cells, in the alveoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Tanabe
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Kanae Ishimori
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Ishikawa
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perdaens O, Bottemanne P, van Pesch V. MicroRNAs dysregulated in multiple sclerosis affect the differentiation of CG-4 cells, an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336439. [PMID: 38486710 PMCID: PMC10937391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Demyelination is one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). While remyelination occurs during the disease, it is incomplete from the start and strongly decreases with its progression, mainly due to the harm to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), causing irreversible neurological deficits and contributing to neurodegeneration. Therapeutic strategies promoting remyelination are still very preliminary and lacking within the current treatment panel for MS. Methods In a previous study, we identified 21 microRNAs dysregulated mostly in the CSF of relapsing and/or remitting MS patients. In this study we transfected the mimics/inhibitors of several of these microRNAs separately in an OPC cell line, called CG-4. We aimed (1) to phenotypically characterize their effect on OPC differentiation and (2) to identify corroborating potential mRNA targets via immunocytochemistry, RT-qPCR analysis, RNA sequencing, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results We observed that the majority of 13 transfected microRNA mimics decreased the differentiation of CG-4 cells. We demonstrate, by RNA sequencing and independent RT-qPCR analyses, that miR-33-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-124-5p arrest OPC differentiation at a late progenitor stage and miR-145-5p at a premyelinating stage as evidenced by the downregulation of premyelinating oligodendrocyte (OL) [Tcf7l2, Cnp (except for miR-145-5p)] and mature OL (Plp1, Mbp, and Mobp) markers, whereas only miR-214-3p promotes OPC differentiation. We further propose a comprehensive exploration of their change in cell fate through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. We finally confirm by RT-qPCR analyses the downregulation of several predicted mRNA targets for each microRNA that possibly support their effect on OPC differentiation by very distinctive mechanisms, of which some are still unexplored in OPC/OL physiology. Conclusion miR-33-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-124-5p arrest OPC differentiation at a late progenitor stage and miR-145-5p at a premyelinating stage, whereas miR-214-3p promotes the differentiation of CG-4 cells. We propose several potential mRNA targets and hypothetical mechanisms by which each microRNA exerts its effect. We hereby open new perspectives in the research on OPC differentiation and the pathophysiology of demyelination/remyelination, and possibly even in the search for new remyelinating therapeutic strategies in the scope of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bottemanne
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Rho-ROCK Pathway in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2023; 101:536-543. [PMID: 37722862 PMCID: PMC10516277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
|
8
|
Zhu C, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Zhang J, Xu C, Ruan D. Growth differentiation factor 5 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells via RhoA signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6337-6347. [PMID: 37310547 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative disc disease(DDD)is one of the most important causes of low back pain (LBP). Programmed death of human nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) plays an important role in the progression of DDD. Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a protein that promotes chondrogenic differentiation, and has been reported to slow the expression of inflammatory factors in nucleus pulposus cells. Compared with those in normal rats, MRI T2-weighted images show hypointense in the central nucleus pulposus region of the intervertebral disc in GDF-5 knockout rats. METHODS AND RESULTS We aimed to evaluate the role of GDF-5 and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) in NPMSCs. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate the inflammatory environment in degenerative disc disease, and performed related experiments on the effects of GDF-5 on NPMSCs, including the effects of pyroptosis, RhoA protein, and the expression of extracellular matrix components, and the effects of GDF-5, on NPMSCs. In addition, the effect of GDF-5 on chondroid differentiation of NPMSCs was included. The results showed that the addition of GDF-5 inhibited the LPS-induced pyroptosis of NPMSCs, and further analysis of its mechanism showed that this was achieved by activating the RhoA signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that GDF-5 plays an important role in inhibiting the pyroptosis of NPMSCs and GDF-5 may have potential for degenerative disc disease gene-targeted therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zuqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junyou Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dike Ruan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moghaddam M, Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Libra M, Bonavida B. Cancer resistance via the downregulation of the tumor suppressors RKIP and PTEN expressions: therapeutic implications. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:170-207. [PMID: 37205308 PMCID: PMC10185445 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been reported to be underexpressed in many cancers and plays a role in the regulation of tumor cells' survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, hence, a tumor suppressor. RKIP also regulates tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic drugs/cells. Likewise, the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, is either mutated, underexpressed, or deleted in many cancers and shares with RKIP its anti-tumor properties and its regulation in resistance. The transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations of RKIP and PTEN expressions and their roles in resistance were reviewed. The underlying mechanism of the interrelationship between the signaling expressions of RKIP and PTEN in cancer is not clear. Several pathways are regulated by RKIP and PTEN and the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of RKIP and PTEN is significantly altered in cancers. In addition, RKIP and PTEN play a key role in the regulation of tumor cells response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition, molecular and bioinformatic data revealed crosstalk signaling networks that regulate the expressions of both RKIP and PTEN. These crosstalks involved the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/PI3K pathways and the dysregulated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/Snail/Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/RKIP/PTEN loop in many cancers. Furthermore, further bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate the correlations (positive or negative) and the prognostic significance of the expressions of RKIP or PTEN in 31 different human cancers. These analyses were not uniform and only revealed that there was a positive correlation between the expression of RKIP and PTEN only in few cancers. These findings demonstrated the existence of signaling cross-talks between RKIP and PTEN and both regulate resistance. Targeting either RKIP or PTEN (alone or in combination with other therapies) may be sufficient to therapeutically inhibit tumor growth and reverse the tumor resistance to cytotoxic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moghaddam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), East Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), East Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: Benjamin Bonavida, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1602 Molecular Sciences Building, 609 Charles E. Young Drive, East Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Forces behind Directed Cell Migration. BIOPHYSICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica2040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is an essential building block of life, present when an embryo develops, a dendritic cell migrates toward a lymphatic vessel, or a fibrotic organ fails to restore its normal parenchyma. Directed cell migration is often guided by spatial gradients in a physicochemical property of the cell microenvironment, such as a gradient in chemical factors dissolved in the medium or a gradient in the mechanical properties of the substrate. Single cells and tissues sense these gradients, establish a back-to-front polarity, and coordinate the migration machinery accordingly. Central to these steps we find physical forces. In some cases, these forces are integrated into the gradient sensing mechanism. Other times, they transmit information through cells and tissues to coordinate a collective response. At any time, they participate in the cellular migratory system. In this review, we explore the role of physical forces in gradient sensing, polarization, and coordinating movement from single cells to multicellular collectives. We use the framework proposed by the molecular clutch model and explore to what extent asymmetries in the different elements of the clutch can lead to directional migration.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mutant IDH1 attenuates hepatic lipogenesis through PTEN dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:254-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Abe-Fukasawa N, Watanabe R, Gen Y, Nishino T, Itasaki N. A liquid culture cancer spheroid model reveals low PI3K/Akt pathway activity and low adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:5650-5667. [PMID: 33837641 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells in liquid without extracellular matrix (ECM) offer in vitro models for metastasising conditions such as those in vessels and effusion. However, liquid culturing is often hindered by cell adhesiveness, which causes large cell clumps. We previously described a liquid culture material, LA717, which prevents nonclonal cell adhesion and subsequent clumping, thus allowing clonal growth of spheroids in an anchorage-independent manner. Here, we examined such liquid culture cancer spheroids for the acquisition of apical-basal polarity, sensitivity to an Akt inhibitor (anticancer drug MK-2206) and interaction with ECM. The spheroids present apical plasma membrane on the surface, which originated from the failure of polarisation at the single-cell stage and subsequent defects in phosphorylated ezrin accumulation at the cell boundary during the first cleavage, failing internal lumen formation. At the multicellular stage, liquid culture spheroids presented bleb-like protrusion on the surface, which was enhanced by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced by PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Liquid culture spheroids exhibited slow proliferation speed and low endogenous pAkt levels compared with gel-cultured spheroids and 2D-cultured cells, explaining the susceptibility to the Akt-inhibiting anticancer drug. Subcutaneous xenografting and in vitro analysis demonstrated low viability and adhesive property of liquid culture spheroids to ECM, while migratory and invasive capacities were comparable with gel-cultured spheroids. These features agree with the low efficacy of circulating tumour spheroids in the settling step of metastasis. This study demonstrates the feature of anchorage-independent spheroids and validates liquid cultures as a useful method in cancer spheroid research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Gen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Taito Nishino
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobue Itasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Espina JA, Marchant CL, Barriga EH. Durotaxis: the mechanical control of directed cell migration. FEBS J 2021; 289:2736-2754. [PMID: 33811732 PMCID: PMC9292038 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is essential for cells to efficiently migrate in physiological and pathological processes. While migrating in their native environment, cells interact with multiple types of cues, such as mechanical and chemical signals. The role of chemical guidance via chemotaxis has been studied in the past, the understanding of mechanical guidance of cell migration via durotaxis remained unclear until very recently. Nonetheless, durotaxis has become a topic of intensive research and several advances have been made in the study of mechanically guided cell migration across multiple fields. Thus, in this article we provide a state of the art about durotaxis by discussing in silico, in vitro and in vivo data. We also present insights on the general mechanisms by which cells sense, transduce and respond to environmental mechanics, to then contextualize these mechanisms in the process of durotaxis and explain how cells bias their migration in anisotropic substrates. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about durotaxis in vivo and we comment on how haptotaxis could arise from integrating durotaxis and chemotaxis in native environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espina
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristian L Marchant
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang N, Yang Y, Pang M, Du C, Chen Y, Li S, Tian Z, Feng F, Wang Y, Chen Z, Liu B, Rong L. MicroRNA-135a-5p Promotes the Functional Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury by Targeting SP1 and ROCK. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1063-1077. [PMID: 33294293 PMCID: PMC7691148 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs play a pivotal role in neural remodeling after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of miR-135a-5p in regulating the functional recovery of SCI by impacting its target genes and downstream signaling. The gene transfection assay and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the target relationship between miR-135a-5p and its target genes (specificity protein 1 [SP1] and Rho-associated kinase [ROCK]1/2). By establishing the H2O2-induced injury model, miR-135a-5p transfection was found to inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells by downregulating the SP1 gene, which subsequently induced downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase-3) and upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. By measuring the neurite lengths of PC12 cells, miR-135a-5p transfection was found to promote axon outgrowth by downregulating the ROCK1/2 gene, which subsequently caused upregulation of phosphate protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphate glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Use of the rat SCI models showed that miR-135a-5p could increase the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores, indicating neurological function recovery. In conclusion, the miR-135a-5p-SP1-Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 and miR-135a-5p-ROCK-AKT/GSK3β axes are involved in functional recovery of SCI by regulating neural apoptosis and axon regeneration, respectively, and thus can be promising effective therapeutic strategies in SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Du
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Sun J, Gu L, Gao X. Protective effect of CTRP6 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:344-352. [PMID: 32377750 PMCID: PMC7248524 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly identified C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein-6 (CTRP6) is a highly conserved paralog of adiponectin with modulatory effects on metabolism and inflammation. However, the role of CTRP6 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects of CTRP6 against cerebral I/R injury and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) was used to induce an I/R injury model in vitro. Western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure the levels of CTRP6 along with those of inflammation-, oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related cytokines. The results indicated that CTRP6 expression was markedly downregulated following OGD/R. OGD/R also increased i) the activities of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and the levels of the oxidative products reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde; ii) the ratio of apoptotic PC12 cells and iii) the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. In addition, the activities of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and superoxide dismutase and the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were decreased. However, overexpression of CTRP6 rescued OGD/R-stimulated exacerbation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mechanistically, OGD/R activated Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rock)/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) signaling, whereas CTRP6 overexpression restored the expression of RhoA, Rock, PTEN, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Furthermore, when CTRP6 and RhoA were overexpressed at the same time, RhoA abolished the protective effects of CTRP6 overexpression on OGD/R-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, while the presence of a PTEN inhibitor recovered the protective effects of CTRP6. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that CTRP6 attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis via inhibiting the RhoA/Rock/PTEN pathway, thereby activating PI3K/Akt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Rehabilitation Centre, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Rehabilitation Centre, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gu
- Rehabilitation Centre, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, P.R. China
| | - Xufang Gao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of The Yangtze River Shipping and Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Up regulation of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase1 (ROCK1) is associated with genetic instability and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7859-7879. [PMID: 31557128 PMCID: PMC6781985 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Overexpression of the cytoskeleton-modulating kinase ROCK1 has been associated with unfavorable outcome in many cancers, but its impact in prostate cancer is largely unknown. RESULTS A weak ROCK1 staining was found in >90% of normal, and cancerous prostate tissues, but was generally stronger in cancer cells as compared to adjacent normal glands. In cancer, ROCK1 staining was considered weak, moderate, and strong in 22%, 53%, and 18% of cases respectively. Higher ROCK1 expression levels were associated with tumor stage, and Gleason grade, positive nodal stage, positive surgical margin, accelerated cell proliferation and early PSA recurrence in multivariable analysis. ROCK1 up regulation was associated with androgen receptor (AR) expression, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion, genomic deletions of the PTEN tumor suppressor, as well as recurrent deletions at chromosomes 3p, 5q, 6q. Strong ROCK1 staining was found in 3% of AR-negative, but in 27% of strongly AR positive cancers, in 13% of ERG-negative but in 25% of ERG positive cancers, and in 12% of PTEN normal but in 26% of PTEN deleted cancers. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies ROCK1 expression associated with prognosis in prostate cancer. METHODS We tested ROCK1 expression in 12 427 prostate cancer specimens and followed PSA recurrence after prostatectomy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang F, Zhang Y, Mi J, Zhou Q, Bai F, Xu X, Fisher DE, Sun Q, Wu X. ROCK inhibitor enhances the growth and migration of BRAF-mutant skin melanoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3428-3437. [PMID: 30168234 PMCID: PMC6215891 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) plays crucial roles in the proliferation and migration of different types of cells. ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 was previously reported to inhibit melanoma cell growth, and ROCK signaling was suggested to be a therapeutic target for treating melanoma. However, the negative effect of Y-27632 on melanoma cells was mainly seen in studies on murine B16 melanoma cells. Here, we reported that ROCK inhibitor actually promoted human melanoma cell growth and migration in vitro. Y-27632 increased the growth and migration of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells but had a negative effect on wild-type melanoma cells or primary melanocytes. We discovered that Y-27632 enhanced the growth of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells through increased ATK and ERK activity. The in vivo study further confirmed the in vitro finding. These data suggested that the effect of ROCK inhibitor on melanoma cells is cell-context dependent, and the application of ROCK inhibitor in the treatment of melanoma requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Krauszman A, Mak TW, Szaszi K, Kuebler WM. Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:869-878. [PMID: 28430879 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) redistributes blood flow from poorly ventilated to better aerated areas in the lung, thereby optimizing ventilation-perfusion ratio (V/Q). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) contraction in response to hypoxia is triggered by Ca2+ influx via transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) cation channels that have translocated to caveolae in the plasma membrane. Since phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was suggested to regulate TRPC6 in endothelial cells, we aimed to define its role in the hypoxic response of PASMCs and as a putative mediator of HPV. Methods and results In isolated perfused mouse lungs, smooth muscle specific PTEN deficiency attenuated pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia but not to angiotensin II (Ang II). Analogously, siRNA-mediated knock down of PTEN in human PASMC inhibited the hypoxia-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed increased interaction of PTEN with TRPC6 in human PASMC and murine lungs in response to hypoxia. In hypoxic PASMC, both PTEN and TRPC6 translocated to caveolae, and this response was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) which in parallel prevented PTEN-TRPC6 interaction, hypoxia-induced [Ca2+]i increase, and HPV in PASMC and murine lungs, respectively. Conclusion Our data indicate a novel interplay between ROCK and [Ca2+]i signalling in HPV via PTEN, in that ROCK mediates interaction of PTEN and TRPC6 which then conjointly translocate to caveolae allowing for Ca2+ influx into and subsequent contraction of PASMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Krauszman
- Department of Surgery, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 620 University Ave, M5G 2C1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Department of Surgery, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Department of Surgery, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, M5S 1A1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng Y, Ouyang Q, Fu R, Liu L, Zhang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Gao N. The cyclohexene derivative MC-3129 exhibits antileukemic activity via RhoA/ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated mitochondrial translocation of cofilin. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:656. [PMID: 29844397 PMCID: PMC5974298 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of MC-3129, a synthetic cyclohexene derivative, on cell viability and apoptosis have been investigated in human leukemia cells. Exposure of leukemia cells to MC-3129 led to the inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis through the dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of cofilin. A mechanistic study revealed that interruption of the RhoA/ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the MC-3129-mediated dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of cofilin and induction of apoptosis. Our in vivo study also showed that the MC-3129-mediated inhibition of the tumor growth in a mouse leukemia xenograft model is associated with the interruption of ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling and apoptosis. Molecular docking suggested that MC-3129 might activate the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway by targeting LPAR2. Collectively, these findings suggest a hierarchical model, in which the induction of apoptosis by MC-3129 primarily results from the activation of RhoA/ROCK1/PTEN and inactivation of PI3K/Akt, leading to the dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of cofilin, and culminating in cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Our study reveals a novel role for RhoA/ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial translocation of cofilin and apoptosis and suggests MC-3129 as a potential drug for the treatment of human leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yanxia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nishimura T, Ogino Y, Ayukawa Y, Koyano K. Influence of the wettability of different titanium surface topographies on initial cellular behavior. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:650-658. [PMID: 29669955 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of the time-dependent wettability of different surface topographies on initial cellular behavior. Titanium disks with smooth topography (SM) and three kinds of rough topography (sandblasted (SA), microtopography (M) and nanotopography (N)) were prepared. Time-dependent changes in surface wettability were observed in all surfaces as shown in previous studies. On SM surfaces, hydrophobic alteration influenced cell spreading and the activity of RhoA (a small GTPase protein of the Rho family), while no alterations were observed on rough surfaces except for the number of adherent cells. Serum adsorption could recover these functional deteriorations by hydrophobic alteration. These findings suggest that surface topography is a more potent regulator in initial cellular behaviors such as cell spreading and RhoA activation than surface wettability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishimura
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Yoichiro Ogino
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tuning surface properties of bone biomaterials to manipulate osteoblastic cell adhesion and the signaling pathways for the enhancement of early osseointegration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:58-69. [PMID: 29413621 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast cell adhesion is the initial step of early osseointegration responding to bone material implants. Enhancing the osteoblastic cell adhesion has become one of the prime aims when optimizing the surface properties of bone biomaterials. The traditional strategy focuses in improving the physical attachment of osteoblastic cells onto the surfaces of biomaterials. However, instead of a simple cell physical attachment, the osteoblastic cell adhesion has been revealed to be a sophisticated system. Despite the well-documented effect of bone biomaterial surface modifications on adhesion, few studies have focused on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Physicochemical signals from biomaterials can be transduced into intracellular signaling network and further initiate the early response cascade towards the implants, which includes cell survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Adhesion is vital in determining the early osseointegration between host bone tissue and implanted bone biomaterials via regulating involving signaling pathways. Therefore, the modulation of early adhesion behavior should not simply target in physical attachment, but emphasize in the manipulation of downstream signaling pathways, to regulate early osseointegration. This review firstly summarized the basic biological principles of osteoblastic cell adhesion process and the activated downstream cell signaling pathways. The effects of different biomaterial physicochemical properties on osteoblastic cell adhesion were then reviewed. This review provided up-to-date research outcomes in the adhesion behavior of osteoblastic cells on bone biomaterials with different physicochemical properties. The strategy is optimised from traditionally focusing in physical cell adhesion to the proposed strategy that manipulating cell adhesion and the downstream signaling network for the enhancement of early osseointegration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Surface chemistry induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of breast cancer cells via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:172-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
23
|
Jia M, Chen X, Liu J, Chen J. PTEN promotes apoptosis of H2O2‑injured rat nasal epithelial cells through PI3K/Akt and other pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:571-579. [PMID: 29115519 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a form of chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus with multi‑causal pathogenesis, including oxidative stress. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (PTEN) can inhibit the activation of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) to affect phosphorylation of Akt. Importantly, the PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway is associated with various types of tumors, chronic inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disease through its regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the role of PTEN and the relationship between PTEN and the PI3K/Akt pathway in nasal epithelial cells under oxidative stress. H2O2 treatment was applied to induce a cell injury model of oxidative stress in rat nasal epithelial cells. Cells were divided into control, H2O2, H2O2+PTEN, and H2O2+siPTEN groups. Cell viability was measured using the CCK‑8 assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis rates were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Oxidative parameters, including ROS, catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were tested by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of apoptosis‑related genes and PI3K/Akt pathway was assayed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot. In H2O2‑injured cells, oxidative stress, due to increased ROS levels and apoptosis rates, was induced, and PTEN aggravated the injury. The levels of both p‑Akt and PTEN in H2O2‑injured cells were positively correlated and higher than in control cells. Unknown regulatory protein(s) may exist in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway or the PTEN and PI3K/Akt pathways may be two independent signaling pathways that have cross interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jia
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jili Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McMichael BK, Jeong YH, Auerbach JA, Han CM, Sedlar R, Shettigar V, Bähler M, Agarwal S, Kim DG, Lee BS. The RhoGAP Myo9b Promotes Bone Growth by Mediating Osteoblastic Responsiveness to IGF-1. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2103-2115. [PMID: 28585695 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Ras homolog A (RhoA) subfamily of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulates actin-based cellular functions in bone such as differentiation, migration, and mechanotransduction. Polymorphisms or genetic ablation of RHOA and some of its regulatory guanine exchange factors (GEFs) have been linked to poor bone health in humans and mice, but the effects of RhoA-specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) on bone quality have not yet been identified. Therefore, we examined the consequences of RhoGAP Myo9b gene knockout on bone growth, phenotype, and cellular activity. Male and female mice lacking both alleles demonstrated growth retardation and decreased bone formation rates during early puberty. These mice had smaller, weaker bones by 4 weeks of age, but only female KOs had altered cellular numbers, with fewer osteoblasts and more osteoclasts. By 12 weeks of age, bone quality in KOs worsened. In contrast, 4-week-old heterozygotes demonstrated bone defects that resolved by 12 weeks of age. Throughout, Myo9b ablation affected females more than males. Osteoclast activity appeared unaffected. In primary osteogenic cells, Myo9b was distributed in stress fibers and focal adhesions, and its absence resulted in poor spreading and eventual detachment from culture dishes. Similarly, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts with transiently suppressed Myo9b levels spread poorly and contained decreased numbers of focal adhesions. These cells also demonstrated reduced ability to undergo IGF-1-induced spreading or chemotaxis toward IGF-1, though responses to PDGF and BMP-2 were unaffected. IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) activation was normal in cells with diminished Myo9b levels, but the activated receptor was redistributed from stress fibers and focal adhesions into nuclei, potentially affecting receptor accessibility and gene expression. These results demonstrate that Myo9b regulates a subset of RhoA-activated processes necessary for IGF-1 responsiveness in osteogenic cells, and is critical for normal bone formation in growing mice. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Hoon Jeong
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Cheol-Min Han
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Sedlar
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vikram Shettigar
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sudha Agarwal
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Functions of Rho family of small GTPases and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases in bone cells during differentiation and mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1009-1023. [PMID: 28188861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCKs) are effectors of Rho family of small GTPases. ROCKs have multiple functions that include regulation of cellular contraction and polarity, adhesion, motility, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, maturation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here, we focus on the action of RhoA and RhoA effectors, ROCK1 and ROCK2, in cells related to tissue mineralization: mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, lining cells and osteoclasts. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway promotes stress fiber formation and reduces chondrocyte and osteogenic differentiations, in contrast to that in mesenchymal stem cells which stimulated the osteogenic and the chondrogenic differentiation. The effects of Rac1 and Cdc42 in promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy and of Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42 in osteoclast are discussed. In addition, members of the Rho family of GTPases such Rac1, Rac2, Rac3 and Cdc42, acting upstream of ROCK and/or other protein effectors, may compensate the actions of RhoA, affecting directly or indirectly the actions of ROCKs as well as other protein effectors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ROCK activity can trigger cartilage degradation and affect bone formation, therefore these kinases may represent a possible therapeutic target to treat osteoarthritis and osseous diseases. Inhibition of Rho/ROCK activity in chondrocytes prevents cartilage degradation, stimulate mineralization of osteoblasts and facilitate bone formation around implanted metals. Treatment with osteoprotegerin results in a significant decrease in the expression of Rho GTPases, ROCK1 and ROCK2, reducing bone resorption. Inhibition of ROCK signaling increases osteoblast differentiation in a topography-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang S, Qiang L, Sample A, Shah P, He YY. NF-κB Signaling Activation Induced by Chloroquine Requires Autophagosome, p62 Protein, and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling and Promotes Tumor Cell Resistance. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3379-3388. [PMID: 28082672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a catabolic cellular self-eating process by which unwanted organelles or proteins are delivered to lysosomes for degradation through autophagosomes. Although the role of autophagy in cancer has been shown to be context-dependent, the role of autophagy in tumor cell survival has attracted great interest in targeting autophagy for cancer therapy. One family of potential autophagy blockers is the quinoline-derived antimalarial family, including chloroquine (CQ). However, the molecular basis for tumor cell response to CQ remains poorly understood. We show here that in both squamous cell carcinoma cells and melanoma tumor cells, CQ induced NF-κB activation and the expression of its target genes HIF-1α, IL-8, BCL-2, and BCL-XL through the accumulation of autophagosomes, p62, and JNK signaling. The activation of NF-κB further increased p62 gene expression. Either genetic knockdown of p62 or inhibition of NF-κB sensitized tumor cells to CQ, resulting in increased apoptotic cell death following treatment. Our findings provide new molecular insights into the CQ response in tumor cells and CQ resistance in cancer therapy. These findings may facilitate development of improved therapeutic strategies by targeting the p62/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology
| | - Ashley Sample
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nakano N, Matsuda S, Ichimura M, Minami A, Ogino M, Murai T, Kitagishi Y. PI3K/AKT signaling mediated by G protein-coupled receptors is involved in neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:253-260. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
28
|
Croze RH, Thi WJ, Clegg DO. ROCK Inhibition Promotes Attachment, Proliferation, and Wound Closure in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:7. [PMID: 27917311 PMCID: PMC5132148 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the elderly, is associated with the loss of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells and the development of geographic atrophy, which are areas devoid of RPE cells and photoreceptors. One possible treatment option would be to stimulate RPE attachment and proliferation to replace dying/dysfunctional RPE and bring about wound repair. Clinical trials are underway testing injections of RPE cells derived from pluripotent stem cells to determine their safety and efficacy in treating AMD. However, the factors regulating RPE responses to AMD-associated lesions are not well understood. Here, we use cell culture to investigate the role of RhoA coiled coil kinases (ROCKs) in human embryonic stem cell–derived RPE (hESC-RPE) attachment, proliferation, and wound closure. Methods H9 hESC were spontaneously differentiated into RPE cells. hESC-RPE cells were treated with a pan ROCK1/2 or a ROCK2 only inhibitor; attachment, and proliferation and cell size within an in vitro scratch assay were examined. Results Pharmacological inhibition of ROCKs promoted hESC-RPE attachment and proliferation, and increased the rate of closure of in vitro wounds. ROCK inhibition decreased phosphorylation of cofilin and myosin light chain, suggesting that regulation of the cytoskeleton underlies the mechanism of action of ROCK inhibition. Conclusions ROCK inhibition promotes attachment, proliferation, and wound closure in H9 hESC-RPE cells. ROCK isoforms may have different roles in wound healing. Translational Relevance Modulation of the ROCK-cytoskeletal axis has potential in stimulating wound repair in transplanted RPE cells and attachment in cellular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne H Croze
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William J Thi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Simmons DA, Belichenko NP, Ford EC, Semaan S, Monbureau M, Aiyaswamy S, Holman CM, Condon C, Shamloo M, Massa SM, Longo FM. A small molecule p75NTR ligand normalizes signalling and reduces Huntington's disease phenotypes in R6/2 and BACHD mice. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4920-4938. [PMID: 28171570 PMCID: PMC5418739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreases in the ratio of neurotrophic versus neurodegenerative signalling play a critical role in Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis and recent evidence suggests that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) contributes significantly to disease progression. p75NTR signalling intermediates substantially overlap with those promoting neuronal survival and synapse integrity and with those affected by the mutant huntingtin (muHtt) protein. MuHtt increases p75NTR-associated deleterious signalling and decreases survival signalling suggesting that p75NTR could be a valuable therapeutic target. This hypothesis was investigated by examining the effects of an orally bioavailable, small molecule p75NTR ligand, LM11A-31, on HD-related neuropathology in HD mouse models (R6/2, BACHD). LM11A-31 restored striatal AKT and other pro-survival signalling while inhibiting c-Jun kinase (JNK) and other degenerative signalling. Normalizing p75NTR signalling with LM11A-31 was accompanied by reduced Htt aggregates and striatal cholinergic interneuron degeneration as well as extended survival in R6/2 mice. The p75NTR ligand also decreased inflammation, increased striatal and hippocampal dendritic spine density, and improved motor performance and cognition in R6/2 and BACHD mice. These results support small molecule modulation of p75NTR as an effective HD therapeutic strategy. LM11A-31 has successfully completed Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic clinical trials and is therefore a viable candidate for clinical studies in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Simmons
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Nadia P. Belichenko
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ellen C. Ford
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Sarah Semaan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Marie Monbureau
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences
| | - Sruti Aiyaswamy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Cameron M. Holman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Christina Condon
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M. Massa
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Computational Neurochemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank M. Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cossette SM, Bhute VJ, Bao X, Harmann LM, Horswill MA, Sinha I, Gastonguay A, Pooya S, Bordas M, Kumar SN, Mirza SP, Palecek SP, Strande JL, Ramchandran R. Sucrose Nonfermenting-Related Kinase Enzyme-Mediated Rho-Associated Kinase Signaling is Responsible for Cardiac Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:474-486. [PMID: 27780848 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac metabolism is critical for the functioning of the heart, and disturbance in this homeostasis is likely to influence cardiac disorders or cardiomyopathy. Our laboratory has previously shown that SNRK (sucrose nonfermenting related kinase) enzyme, which belongs to the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase) family, was essential for cardiac metabolism in mammals. Snrk global homozygous knockout (KO) mice die at postnatal day 0, and conditional deletion of Snrk in cardiomyocytes (Snrk cmcKO) leads to cardiac failure and death by 8 to 10 months. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed additional cardiac functional studies using echocardiography and identified further cardiac functional deficits in Snrk cmcKO mice. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis identified key metabolic pathway deficits in SNRK knockdown cardiomyocytes in vitro. Specifically, metabolites involved in lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation are altered, and perturbations in these pathways can result in cardiac function deficits and heart failure. A phosphopeptide-based proteomic screen identified ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) as a putative substrate for SNRK, and mass spec-based fragment analysis confirmed key amino acid residues on ROCK that are phosphorylated by SNRK. Western blot analysis on heart lysates from Snrk cmcKO adult mice and SNRK knockdown cardiomyocytes showed increased ROCK activity. In addition, in vivo inhibition of ROCK partially rescued the in vivo Snrk cmcKO cardiac function deficits. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that SNRK in cardiomyocytes is responsible for maintaining cardiac metabolic homeostasis, which is mediated in part by ROCK, and alteration of this homeostasis influences cardiac function in the adult heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Cossette
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Leanne M Harmann
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Mark A Horswill
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Indranil Sinha
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Adam Gastonguay
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Shabnam Pooya
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Michelle Bordas
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Suresh N Kumar
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Shama P Mirza
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Sean P Palecek
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.).
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen Y, Wang L, Huang H, Tan R, Zhao J, Yang S, Zeng R, Wu H, Zhang J, Yu B, Tu M. Mechano-regulatory cellular behaviors of NIH/3T3 in response to the storage modulus of liquid crystalline substrates. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 57:42-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
32
|
Wei L, Surma M, Shi S, Lambert-Cheatham N, Shi J. Novel Insights into the Roles of Rho Kinase in Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:259-78. [PMID: 26725045 PMCID: PMC4930737 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. The ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays a central role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Since the discovery of effective inhibitors such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored in numerous diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence supports the concept that ROCK plays important roles in tumor development and progression through regulating many key cellular functions associated with malignancy, including tumorigenicity, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor cell apoptosis/survival and chemoresistance as well. This review focuses on the new advances of the most recent 5 years from the studies on the roles of ROCK in cancer development and progression; the discussion is mainly focused on the potential value of ROCK inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Michelle Surma
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Stephanie Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Nathan Lambert-Cheatham
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Jianjian Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee G, Kim H, Kim HM. RhoA-JNK Regulates the E-Cadherin Junctions of Human Gingival Epithelial Cells. J Dent Res 2015; 95:284-91. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515619375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The junctional epithelium (JE) is unique with regard to its wide intercellular spaces and sparsely developed intercellular junctions. Thus, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of the intercellular junctions of the junctional epithelium may be essential to understand the pathophysiology of the JE. HOK-16B cells, a normal human gingival epithelial cell line, were used to identify the molecules involved in the regulation of the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human gingival epithelial cells. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) disrupted the intercellular junctions through the dissociation of E-cadherin. The role of JNK in the formation of these E-cadherin junctions was further confirmed by demonstrating that JNK inhibition induced the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions. The upstream signaling of JNK was also examined. Activation of the small GTPase RhoA disrupted the formation of E-cadherin junctions between HOK-16B cells, which was accompanied by JNK activation. Disruption of these intercellular junctions upon RhoA activation was prevented when JNK activity was inhibited. In contrast, RhoA inactivation led to HOK-16B cell aggregation and the formation of intercellular junctions, even under conditions in which the cellular junctions were naturally disrupted by growth on a strongly adhesive surface. Furthermore, the JE of mouse molars had high JNK activity associated with low E-cadherin expression, which was reversed in the other gingival epithelia, including the sulcular epithelium. Interestingly, JNK activity was increased in cells grown on a solid surface, where cells showed higher RhoA activity than those grown on soft surfaces. Together, these results indicate that the decreased formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions within the JE may be coupled to high JNK activity, which is activated by the upregulation of RhoA on solid tooth surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H.J. Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H.-M. Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chan XY, Black R, Dickerman K, Federico J, Lévesque M, Mumm J, Gerecht S. Three-Dimensional Vascular Network Assembly From Diabetic Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2677-85. [PMID: 26449749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In diabetics, hyperglycemia results in deficient endothelial progenitors and cells, leading to cardiovascular complications. We aim to engineer 3-dimensional (3D) vascular networks in synthetic hydrogels from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), to serve as a transformative autologous vascular therapy for diabetic patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS We validated and optimized an adherent, feeder-free differentiation procedure to derive early vascular cells (EVCs) with high portions of vascular endothelial cadherin-positive cells from hiPSCs. We demonstrate similar differentiation efficiency from hiPSCs derived from healthy donor and patients with T1D. T1D-hiPSC-derived vascular endothelial cadherin-positive cells can mature to functional endothelial cells-expressing mature markers: von Willebrand factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are capable of lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, form cords in Matrigel and respond to tumor necrosis factor-α. When embedded in engineered hyaluronic acid hydrogels, T1D-EVCs undergo morphogenesis and assemble into 3D networks. When encapsulated in a novel hypoxia-inducible hydrogel, T1D-EVCs respond to low oxygen and form 3D networks. As xenografts, T1D-EVCs incorporate into developing zebrafish vasculature. CONCLUSIONS Using our robust protocol, we can direct efficient differentiation of T1D-hiPSC to EVCs. Early endothelial cells derived from T1D-hiPSC are functional when mature. T1D-EVCs self-assembled into 3D networks when embedded in hyaluronic acid and hypoxia-inducible hydrogels. The capability of T1D-EVCs to assemble into 3D networks in engineered matrices and to respond to a hypoxic microenvironment is a significant advancement for autologous vascular therapy in diabetic patients and has broad importance for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Chan
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca Black
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kayla Dickerman
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph Federico
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mathieu Lévesque
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeff Mumm
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A novel microtubule de-stabilizing complementarity-determining region C36L1 peptide displays antitumor activity against melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14310. [PMID: 26391685 PMCID: PMC4585759 DOI: 10.1038/srep14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Short peptide sequences from complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of different immunoglobulins may exert anti-infective, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities regardless of the specificity of the original monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this sense, they resemble early molecules of innate immunity. C36L1 was identified as a bioactive light-chain CDR1 peptide by screening 19 conserved CDR sequences targeting murine B16F10-Nex2 melanoma. The 17-amino acid peptide is readily taken up by melanoma cells and acts on microtubules causing depolymerization, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and intrinsic apoptosis. At low concentrations, C36L1 inhibited migration, invasion and proliferation of B16F10-Nex2 cells with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling axis involving Rho-GTPase and PTEN mediation. Peritumor injection of the peptide delayed growth of subcutaneously grafted melanoma cells. Intraperitoneal administration of C36L1 induced a significant immune-response dependent anti-tumor protection in a syngeneic metastatic melanoma model. Dendritic cells stimulated ex-vivo by the peptide and transferred to animals challenged with tumor cells were equally effective. The C36 VL CDR1 peptide is a promising microtubule-interacting drug that induces tumor cell death by apoptosis and inhibits metastases of highly aggressive melanoma cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee HK, Choung HW, Yang YI, Yoon HJ, Park IA, Park JC. ODAM inhibits RhoA-dependent invasion in breast cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:451-61. [PMID: 26358398 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) contributes to cell adhesion. In human cancer, ODAM is down-regulated, and the overexpression of ODAM results in a favourable prognosis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying ODAM-mediated inhibition of cancer invasion and metastasis remain unclear. Here, we identify a critical role for ODAM in inducing cancer cell adhesion. ODAM induced RhoA activity and the expression of downstream factors, including Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). ODAM-mediated RhoA signalling resulted in actin filament rearrangement by activating PTEN and inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT. When ODAM is overexpressed in MCF7 breast cancer cells and AGS gastric cancer cells that activate RhoA at high levels, it decreases motility, increases adhesion and inhibits the metastasis of MCF7 cells. Conversely, depletion of ODAM in cancer cells inhibits Rho GTPase activation, resulting in increased cancer migration and invasion. These results suggest that ODAM expression in cells maintains their adhesion, resulting in the prevention of their metastasis via the regulation of RhoA signalling in breast cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Breast cancer represents the first most frequent cancer, and the ratio of mortality is high in women. Of utmost importance for reducing risk by breast cancer are their anti-invasion mechanisms, particularly in the non-invasive cancer cells because metastasis is the principal cause of death among cancer patients. ODAM induced RhoA activity. ODAM-mediated RhoA signalling resulted in actin filament rearrangement, increased cell adhesion and inhibited the migration/invasion of MCF7 cells. These results suggest that ODAM expression maintains their adhesion, resulting in the prevention of their metastasis via the regulation of RhoA signalling in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wool Choung
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Yang
- Paik Institute Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang WR, Chiu HC, Liao TL, Chuang KP, Shih WL, Liu HJ. Avian Reovirus Protein p17 Functions as a Nucleoporin Tpr Suppressor Leading to Activation of p53, p21 and PTEN and Inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133699. [PMID: 26244501 PMCID: PMC4526660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) protein p17 has been shown to regulate cell cycle and autophagy by activation of p53/PTEN pathway; nevertheless, it is still unclear how p53 and PTEN are activated by p17. Here, we report for the first time that p17 functions as a nucleoporin Tpr suppressor that leads to p53 nuclear accumulation and consequently activates p53, p21, and PTEN. The nuclear localization signal (119IAAKRGRQLD128) of p17 has been identified for Tpr binding. This study has shown that Tpr suppression occurs by p17 interacting with Tpr and by reducing the transcription level of Tpr, which together inhibit Tpr function. In addition to upregulation of PTEN by activation of p53 pathway, this study also suggests that ARV protein p17 acts as a positive regulator of PTEN. ARV p17 stabilizes PTEN by stimulating phosphorylation of cytoplasmic PTEN and by elevating Rak-PTEN association to prevent it from E3 ligase NEDD4-1 targeting. To activate PTEN, p17 is able to promote β-arrestin-mediated PTEN translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane via a Rock-1-dependent manner. The accumulation of p53 in the nucleus induces the PTEN- and p21-mediated downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4. Furthermore, Tpr and CDK4 knockdown increased virus production in contrast to depletion of p53, PTEN, and LC3 reducing virus yield. Taken together, our data suggest that p17-mediated Tpr suppression positively regulates p53, PTEN, and p21 and negatively regulates PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, both of which are beneficial for virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang H, Yang S, Masako N, Lee DJ, Cooper LF, Ko CC. Proliferation of preosteoblasts on TiO 2 nanotubes is FAK/RhoA related. RSC Adv 2015; 5:38117-38124. [PMID: 26090090 PMCID: PMC4467958 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16803h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Topographies promote surface-dependent behaviors which may positively influence peri-implant bone healing. In this study the topological effects of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) on aspects of preosteoblast behavior was investigated. Specifically, we hypothesize that TNTs can influence cell proliferation of preosteoblasts through cell adhesion and related modulation of FAK and RhoA. By culturing MC3T3-E1 cells on TNTs with different diameters (40nm and 150nm diameters), topography-dependent modulation in cell morphology and cell growth were observed. The average spreading area of the cell on Flat Ti, 40nm TNTs and 150nm TNTs were respectively 2176.05 μm2, 1510.44 μm2 and 800.72 μm2. Proliferation increased among cells cultured on the 150nm TNTs (28.6%) compared with on Flat Ti (17.06%). The expression of FAK was 86.2% down regulated superimposition of TNTs topography. RhoA expression only slightly decreased (45.9%). Increasing TNT diameter enhanced initial adherent cell growth, which was relevant to the increased RhoA-to-FAK ratio in the cell. Increased TNT diameter was associated with higher ratio and greater proliferation in the first 24 hours. These findings not only support our hypothesis, but suggest that RhoA might be critically involved in TNTs mediated cell proliferation. Future investigation using functional gain and loss of RhoA may further reveal its mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Hi gher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Hi gher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Nagasawa Masako
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Department of Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan ; NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA ; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA ; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The effects of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on primary human corneal endothelial cells propagated using a dual media approach. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9167. [PMID: 25823914 PMCID: PMC4387913 DOI: 10.1038/srep09167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global shortage of donor corneas has garnered extensive interest in the development of graft alternatives suitable for endothelial keratoplasty using cultivated primary human corneal endothelial cells (CECs). We have recently described a dual media approach for the propagation of human CECs. In this work, we characterize the effects of a Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on the cultivation of CECs propagated using the dual media culture system. Seventy donor corneas deemed unsuitable for transplantation were procured for this study. We assessed the use of Y-27632 for its effect at each stage of the cell culture process, specifically for cell attachment, cell proliferation, and during both regular passaging and cryopreservation. Lastly, comparison of donor-matched CEC-cultures expanded with or without Y-27632 was also performed. Our results showed that Y-27632 significantly improved the attachment and proliferation of primary CECs. A non-significant pro-survival effect was detected during regular cellular passage when CECs were pre-treated with Y-27632, an effect that became more evident during cryopreservation. Our study showed that the inclusion of Y-27632 was beneficial for the propagation of primary CECs expanded via the dual media approach, and was able to increase overall cell yield by between 1.96 to 3.36 fold.
Collapse
|
40
|
Shen Y, Gao M, Ma Y, Yu H, Cui FZ, Gregersen H, Yu Q, Wang G, Liu X. Effect of surface chemistry on the integrin induced pathway in regulating vascular endothelial cells migration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 126:188-97. [PMID: 25575348 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The migration of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is essential for reendothelialization after implantation of cardiovascular biomaterials. Reendothelialization is largely determined by surface properties of implants. In this study, surfaces modified with various chemical functional groups (CH3, NH2, COOH, OH) prepared by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used as model system. Expressions and distributions of critical proteins in the integrin-induced signaling pathway were examined to explore the mechanisms of surface chemistry regulating EC migration. The results showed that SAMs modulated cell migration were in the order CH3>NH2>OH>COOH, determined by differences in the expressions of focal adhesion components and Rho GTPases. Multiple integrin subunits showed difference in a surface chemistry-dependent manner, which induced a stepwise activation of signaling cascades associated with EC migration. This work provides a broad overview of surface chemistry regulated endothelial cell migration and establishes association among the surface chemistry, cell migration behavior and associated integrin signaling events. Understanding the relationship between these factors will help us to understand the surface/interface behavior between biomaterials and cells, reveal molecular mechanism of cells sensing surface characterization, and guide surface modification of cardiovascular implanted materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hongchi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fu-zhai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hans Gregersen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Center for Surface Science and Plasma Technology, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takata M, Tanaka H, Kimura M, Nagahara Y, Tanaka K, Kawasaki K, Seto M, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Fasudil, a rho kinase inhibitor, limits motor neuron loss in experimental models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:341-51. [PMID: 23763343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment. Fasudil hydrochloride (fasudil), a potent rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, is useful for the treatment of ischaemic diseases. In previous reports, fasudil improved pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and spinal muscular atrophy, but there is no evidence in that it can affect ALS. We therefore investigated its effects on experimental models of ALS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In mice motor neuron (NSC34) cells, the neuroprotective effect of hydroxyfasudil (M3), an active metabolite of fasudil, and its mechanism were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of fasudil, 30 and 100 mg·kg(-1), administered via drinking water to mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1(G93A)) mice were tested by measuring motor performance, survival time and histological changes, and its mechanism investigated. KEY RESULTS M3 prevented motor neuron cell death induced by SOD1(G93A). Furthermore, M3 suppressed both the increase in ROCK activity and phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and the reduction in phosphorylated Akt induced by SOD1(G93A). These effects of M3 were attenuated by treatment with a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). Moreover, fasudil slowed disease progression, increased survival time and reduced motor neuron loss, in SOD1(G93A) mice. Fasudil also attenuated the increase in ROCK activity and PTEN, and the reduction in Akt in SOD1(G93A) mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that fasudil may be effective at suppressing motor neuron degeneration and symptom progression in ALS. Hence, fasudil may have potential as a therapeutic agent for ALS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Takata
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Plotkin JL, Day M, Peterson JD, Xie Z, Kress GJ, Rafalovich I, Kondapalli J, Gertler TS, Flajolet M, Greengard P, Stavarache M, Kaplitt MG, Rosinski J, Chan CS, Surmeier DJ. Impaired TrkB receptor signaling underlies corticostriatal dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Neuron 2014; 83:178-88. [PMID: 24991961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. The debilitating choreic movements that plague HD patients have been attributed to striatal degeneration induced by the loss of cortically supplied brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we show that in mouse models of early symptomatic HD, BDNF delivery to the striatum and its activation of tyrosine-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors were normal. However, in striatal neurons responsible for movement suppression, TrkB receptors failed to properly engage postsynaptic signaling mechanisms controlling the induction of potentiation at corticostriatal synapses. Plasticity was rescued by inhibiting p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signaling or its downstream target phosphatase-and-tensin-homolog-deleted-on-chromosome-10 (PTEN). Thus, corticostriatal synaptic dysfunction early in HD is attributable to a correctable defect in the response to BDNF, not its delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Plotkin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michelle Day
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jayms D Peterson
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Geraldine J Kress
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Igor Rafalovich
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jyothisri Kondapalli
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tracy S Gertler
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mihaela Stavarache
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Michael G Kaplitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Jim Rosinski
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Dormant carcinoma cancer cells showing epithelial characteristics can be activated to dissipate into the surrounding tissue or organs through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the molecular details underlying the activation of dormant cancer cells have been less explored. In this study, we examined the molecular pathway to activate dormant breast cancer cells. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition disrupted cell junction, promoted cell proliferation and migration / invasion in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional substrates. The disintegration of cell junction upon ROCK inhibition, coupled with the loss of E-cadherin and b-catenin from the cell membrane, was associated with the activation of Rac1 upon ROCK inhibition. Migration / invasion also increased upon ROCK inhibition. However, the activation of MCF-7 cells upon ROCK inhibition was not associated with the up-regulation of typical EMT markers, such as snail and slug. Based on these results, we suggest the potential risk for dormant cancer cells to dissipate through non-typical EMT when ROCK activity is down-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Yang
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Man Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gordon BS, Kazi AA, Coleman CS, Dennis MD, Chau V, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. RhoA modulates signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in mammalian cells. Cell Signal 2013; 26:461-7. [PMID: 24316235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway integrates signals generated by hormones and nutrients to control cell growth and metabolism. The activation state of mTORC1 is regulated by a variety of GTPases including Rheb and Rags. Recently, Rho1, the yeast ortholog of RhoA, was shown to interact directly with TORC1 and repress its activation state in yeast. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the RhoA GTPase modulates signaling through mTORC1 in mammalian cells. In support of this hypothesis, exogenous overexpression of either wild type or constitutively active (ca)RhoA repressed mTORC1 signaling as assessed by phosphorylation of p70S6K1 (Thr389), 4E-BP1 (Ser65) and ULK1 (Ser757). Additionally, RhoA·GTP repressed phosphorylation of mTORC1-associated mTOR (Ser2481). The RhoA·GTP mediated repression of mTORC1 signaling occurred independent of insulin or leucine induced stimulation. In contrast to the action of Rho1 in yeast, no evidence was found to support a direct interaction of RhoA·GTP with mTORC1. Instead, expression of caRheb, but not caRags, was able to rescue the RhoA·GTP mediated repression of mTORC1 suggesting RhoA functions upstream of Rheb to repress mTORC1 activity. Consistent with this suggestion, RhoA·GTP repressed phosphorylation of TSC2 (Ser939), PRAS40 (Thr246), Akt (Ser473), and mTORC2-associated mTOR (Ser2481). Overall, the results support a model in which RhoA·GTP represses mTORC1 signaling upstream of Akt and mTORC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Gordon
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Abid A Kazi
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Catherine S Coleman
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vincent Chau
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Scot R Kimball
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kwon A, Lee HL, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. SMURF1 plays a role in EGF-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cells 2013; 36:548-55. [PMID: 24241683 PMCID: PMC3887964 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a well-known growth factor that induces cancer cell migration and invasion. Previous studies have shown that SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates cell motility by inducing RhoA degradation. Therefore, we examined the role of SMURF1 in EGF-induced cell migration and invasion using MDA-MB-231 cells, a human breast cancer cell line. EGF increased SMURF1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. All ErbB family members were expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors specific for the EGF receptor (EGFR) or ErbB2 blocked the EGF-mediated induction of SMURF1 expression. Within the signaling pathways examined, ERK1/2 and protein kinase C activity were required for EGF-induced SMURF1 expression. The overexpression of constitutively active MEK1 increased the SMURF1 to levels similar to those induced by EGF. SMURF1 induction by EGF treatment or by the overexpression of MEK1 or SMURF1 resulted in enhanced cell migration and invasion, whereas SMURF1 knockdown suppressed EGF- or MEK1-induced cell migration and invasion. EGF treatment or SMURF1 overexpression decreased the endogenous RhoA protein levels. The overexpression of constitutively active RhoA prevented EGF- or SMURF1-induced cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that EGFinduced SMURF1 plays a role in breast cancer cell migration and invasion through the downregulation of RhoA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arang Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749,
Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749,
Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Woo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Meng F, Rui Y, Xu L, Wan C, Jiang X, Li G. Aqp1 enhances migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through regulation of FAK and β-catenin. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:66-75. [PMID: 23962074 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to migrate to the site of injury and regulate the repair process. Aquaporin 1 (Aqp1) is a water channel molecule and a regulator of endothelial cell migration. To study the role of Apq1 in MSC migration, we manipulated the expression of the Aqp1 gene in MSCs and explored its effects on MSC migration both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Aqp1 promoted MSC migration, while depletion of Aqp1 impaired MSC migration in vitro. When the green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled Aqp1 overexpressing MSCs were systemically injected into rats with a femoral fracture, there were significantly more GFP-MSCs found at the fracture gap in the Aqp1-GFP-MSC-treated group compared to the GFP-MSC group. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we screened several migration-related regulators. The results showed that β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were upregulated in the Aqp1-MSCs and downregulated in the Aqp1-depleted MSCs, while C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 had no change. Furthermore, β-catenin and FAK were co-immunoprecipitated with Aqp1, and depletion of FAK abolished the Aqp1 effects on MSC migration. This study demonstrates that Aqp1 enhances MSC migration ability mainly through the FAK pathway and partially through the β-catenin pathway. Our finding suggests a novel function of Aqp1 in governing MSC migration, and this may aid MSC therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanbiao Meng
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shen Y, Ma Y, Gao M, Lai Y, Wang G, Yu Q, Cui FZ, Liu X. Integrins-FAK-Rho GTPases pathway in endothelial cells sense and response to surface wettability of plasma nanocoatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5112-5121. [PMID: 23676504 DOI: 10.1021/am400973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and migration are essential processes in re-endothelialization of implanted biomaterials, which are affected by surface properties of implanted materials such as surface wettability. Our previous study demonstrated that, as model substrates, EC adhesion/migration showed an opposite behavior on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of plasma SiOx:H nanocoatings. Extending our previous works, the expression and distribution of crucial proteins in integrins-FAK-Rho GTPases signaling pathways were examined, respectively. The results showed that a hydrophilic surface could enhance the expression of focal adhesion protein associated with cell adhesion; however, the hydrophobic surface could improve the expression of Rho GTPases associated with cell migration and phosphorylation level of FAK, revealing the potential reason of surface wettability mediating different cells' adhesion/migration behaviors. These findings reveal the relationship and molecular mechanism of endothelial cell adhesion/migration, which was expected to guide the surface modification of implants for accelerating endothelialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) plays a pivotal role in controlling intracellular signaling for cell survival and proliferation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, and its dysfunction is associated with several neoplastic diseases. PTEN is frequently found mutated in many pathological conditions highlighting its importance in normal physiological function. Unlike several cellular proteins which are activated by phosphorylation, PTEN is inactivated upon phosphorylation by specific kinases which phosphorylate serine and threonine residues in its C-terminal region. Therefore, development of therapeutic agents that specifically target kinases and kinase-domain-containing proteins affecting PTEN would lead to the treatment of PTEN-related diseases. AREAS COVERED With increasing evidence on the role of PTEN in many human diseases, the present review focuses on the clinical relevance of PTEN with a comprehensive list of currently identified modulators of PTEN, and proposes potentially novel molecular targets which could aid in the development of drug candidates for the treatment of PTEN-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancer, autism, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. EXPERT OPINION This review describes several target sites that could help in the development of novel drug candidates to regulate or restore the normal physiological functions of PTEN and are essential in the treatment of human diseases where PTEN plays a pivotal role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Boosani
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zheng L, Kim HM. Low-Rac1 activity downregulates MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell motility on a nanoscale topography prepared on polystyrene substrates in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012. [PMID: 23184573 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface roughness affects various cell activities, including osteoblast motility, which may have an effect on bone regeneration. Defective cell signaling, which is associated with the slow motility of osteoblasts on a substrate with rough topology at nanometer dimensions (Ra = 123.8 ± 29.1 nm), was studied. Osteoblasts grown on the rough surface at nanometer dimensions showed the high activities of small GTPase RhoA and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) on the rough surface at nanometer dimensions and downregulated Rac1 activity compared to the smooth surface. The inhibition of ROCK in the cells with Y-27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor, reversed the low-cell motility. In addition, the transfection of constitutively active Rac1 reversed the low-cell motility. However, Rac1 inhibition abolished the reversal of low-cell motility induced by ROCK inhibition. These results indicate that upregulated RhoA/ROCK activity suppresses Rac1 activity to decrease the motility of osteoblasts on a rough surface at nanometer dimensions, and the low motility of osteoblasts on a rough surface at nanometer dimensions can be reversed by ROCK inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zheng
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
ROCK inhibitor converts corneal endothelial cells into a phenotype capable of regenerating in vivo endothelial tissue. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:268-77. [PMID: 22704232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dysfunction accompanied by visual disturbance is a primary indication for corneal transplantation. We previously reported that the adhesion of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) to a substrate was enhanced by the selective ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. It is hypothesized that the inhibition of ROCK signaling may manipulate cell adhesion properties, thus enabling the transplantation of cultivated CECs as a form of regenerative medicine. In the present study, using a rabbit corneal endothelial dysfunction model, the transplantation of CECs in combination with Y-27632 successfully achieved the recovery of corneal transparency. Complications related to cell injection therapy, such as the abnormal deposition of the injected cells as well as the elevation of intraocular pressure, were not observed. Reconstructed corneal endothelium with Y-27632 exhibited a monolayer hexagonal cell shape with a normal expression of function-related markers, such as ZO-1, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, whereas reconstruction without Y-27632 exhibited a stratified fibroblastic phenotype without the expression of markers. Moreover, transplantation of CECs in primates in the presence of the ROCK inhibitor also achieved the recovery of long-term corneal transparency with a monolayer hexagonal cell phenotype at a high cell density. Taken together, these results suggest that the selective ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 enables cultivated CEC-based therapy and that the modulation of Rho-ROCK signaling activity serves to enhance cell engraftment for cell-based regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|