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Martin M, Gähwiler EKN, Generali M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Advances in 3D Organoid Models for Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065188. [PMID: 36982261 PMCID: PMC10049446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart cannot regain complete cardiac function following tissue injury, making cardiac regeneration a current clinical unmet need. There are a number of clinical procedures aimed at reducing ischemic damage following injury; however, it has not yet been possible to stimulate adult cardiomyocytes to recover and proliferate. The emergence of pluripotent stem cell technologies and 3D culture systems has revolutionized the field. Specifically, 3D culture systems have enhanced precision medicine through obtaining a more accurate human microenvironmental condition to model disease and/or drug interactions in vitro. In this study, we cover current advances and limitations in stem cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine. Specifically, we discuss the clinical implementation and limitations of stem cell-based technologies and ongoing clinical trials. We then address the advent of 3D culture systems to produce cardiac organoids that may better represent the human heart microenvironment for disease modeling and genetic screening. Finally, we delve into the insights gained from cardiac organoids in relation to cardiac regeneration and further discuss the implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-5610
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: Ion Homeostasis and Ouabain-Induced Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020301. [PMID: 36830836 PMCID: PMC9953635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the changes in ion homeostasis of human endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) during the formation of three-dimensional (3D) cell structures (spheroids) and investigates the conditions for apoptosis induction in 3D eMSCs. Detached from the monolayer culture, (2D) eMSCs accumulate Na+ and have dissipated transmembrane ion gradients, while in compact spheroids, eMSCs restore the lower Na+ content and the high K/Na ratio characteristic of functionally active cells. Organized as spheroids, eMSCs are non-proliferating cells with an active Na/K pump and a lower K+ content per g cell protein, which is typical for quiescent cells and a mean lower water content (lower hydration) in 3D eMSCs. Further, eMSCs in spheroids were used to evaluate the role of K+ depletion and cellular signaling context in the induction of apoptosis. In both 2D and 3D eMSCs, treatment with ouabain (1 µM) results in inhibition of pump-mediated K+ uptake and severe K+ depletion as well as disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In 3D eMSCs (but not in 2D eMSCs), ouabain initiates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. It is concluded that, when blocking the Na/K pump, cardiac glycosides prime mitochondria to apoptosis, and whether a cell enters the apoptotic pathway depends on the cell-specific signaling context, which includes the type of apoptotic protein expressed.
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Zhao Y, Yang R, Bousraou Z, Richardson K, Wang S. Probing Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using single cell nanobiosensor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10315. [PMID: 35725756 PMCID: PMC9209437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential in cell-based therapies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multipotent properties. Recent studies indicate that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is an important pathway in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation are poorly understood due to a lack of effective tools to detect gene expression at single cell level. Here, we established a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA (LNA/DNA) nanobiosensor for gene expression analysis in single hMSC in both 2D and 3D microenvironments. We first characterized this LNA/DNA nanobiosensor and demonstrated the Dll4 mRNA expression dynamics in hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. By incorporating this nanobiosensor with live hMSCs imaging during osteogenic induction, we performed dynamic tracking of hMSCs differentiation and Dll4 mRNA gene expression profiles of individual hMSC during osteogenic induction. Our results showed the dynamic expression profile of Dll4 during osteogenesis, indicating the heterogeneity of hMSCs during this dynamic process. We further investigated the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Pharmacological perturbation is applied to disrupt Notch1-Dll4 signaling to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the effects of Notch1-Dll4 signaling on hMSCs spheroids differentiation were also investigated. Our results provide convincing evidence supporting that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is involved in regulating hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, Notch1-Dll4 signaling is active during osteogenic differentiation. Our results also showed that Dll4 is a molecular signature of differentiated hMSCs during osteogenic induction. Notch inhibition mediated osteogenic differentiation with reduced Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity. Lastly, we elucidated the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling during osteogenic differentiation in a 3D spheroid model. Our results showed that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is required and activated during osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs spheroids. Inhibition of Notch1-Dll4 signaling mediated osteogenic differentiation and enhanced hMSCs proliferation, with increased spheroid sizes. Taken together, the capability of LNA/DNA nanobiosensor to probe gene expression dynamics during osteogenesis, combined with the engineered 2D/3D microenvironment, enables us to study in detail the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating osteogenesis in 2D and 3D microenvironment. These findings will provide new insights to improve cell-based therapies and organ repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zoe Bousraou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kiarra Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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4
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Flück M, Kasper S, Benn MC, Clement Frey F, von Rechenberg B, Giraud MN, Meyer DC, Wieser K, Gerber C. Transplant of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Halts Fatty Atrophy of Detached Rotator Cuff Muscle After Tendon Repair: Molecular, Microscopic, and Macroscopic Results From an Ovine Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3970-3980. [PMID: 34714701 PMCID: PMC8649427 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211052566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mitigates fat accumulation in released rotator cuff muscle after tendon repair in rodents. PURPOSE To investigate whether the injection of autologous MSCs halts muscle-to-fat conversion after tendon repair in a large animal model for rotator cuff tendon release via regional effects on extracellular fat tissue and muscle fiber regeneration. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Infraspinatus (ISP) muscles of the right shoulder of Swiss Alpine sheep (n = 14) were released by osteotomy and reattached 16 weeks later without (group T; n = 6) or with (group T-MSC; n = 8) electropulse-assisted injection of 0.9 Mio fluorescently labeled MSCs as microtissues with media in demarcated regions; animals were allowed 6 weeks of recovery. ISP volume and composition were documented with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Area percentages of muscle fiber types, fat, extracellular ground substance, and fluorescence-positive tissue; mean cross-sectional area (MCSA) of muscle fibers; and expression of myogenic (myogenin), regeneration (tenascin-C), and adipogenic markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPARG2]) were quantified in injected and noninjected regions after recovery. RESULTS At 16 weeks after tendon release, the ISP volume was reduced and the fat fraction of ISP muscle was increased in group T (137 vs 185 mL; 49% vs 7%) and group T-MSC (130 vs 166 mL; 53% vs 10%). In group T-MSC versus group T, changes during recovery after tendon reattachment were abrogated for fat-free mass (-5% vs -29%, respectively; P = .018) and fat fraction (+1% vs +24%, respectively; P = .009%). The area percentage of fat was lower (9% vs 20%; P = .018) and the percentage of the extracellular ground substance was higher (26% vs 20%; P = .007) in the noninjected ISP region for group T-MSC versus group T, respectively. Regionally, MCS injection increased tenascin-C levels (+59%) and the water fraction, maintaining the reduced PPARG2 levels but not the 29% increased fiber MCSA, with media injection. CONCLUSION In a sheep model, injection of autologous MSCs in degenerated rotator cuff muscle halted muscle-to-fat conversion during recovery from tendon repair by preserving fat-free mass in association with extracellular reactions and stopping adjuvant-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A relatively small dose of MSCs is therapeutically effective to halt fatty atrophy in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Flück
- Laboratory of Muscle Plasticity,
Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Laboratory of Muscle Plasticity,
Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Mario C. Benn
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center
for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular
Mechanisms, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Flurina Clement Frey
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center
for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular
Mechanisms, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center
for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular
Mechanisms, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Noëlle Giraud
- Cardiology, Faculty of Sciences and
Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dominik C. Meyer
- Author deceased
- Laboratory of Muscle Plasticity,
Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zürich,
Switzerland
- University Hospital Balgrist,
Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- University Hospital Balgrist,
Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerber
- University Hospital Balgrist,
Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Hopes and Hurdles of Employing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313000. [PMID: 34884805 PMCID: PMC8657815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cardiac fibrosis plays a crucial role in almost all types of heart disease. Generally, cardiac fibrosis is a scarring process triggered in response to stress, injury, or aging and is characterized by the accumulation of activated myofibroblasts that deposit high levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardium. While it is beneficial for cardiac repair in the short term, it can also result in pathological remodeling, tissue stiffening, and cardiac dysfunction, contributing to the progression of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Despite its high prevalence, there is a lack of effective and safe therapies that specifically target myofibroblasts to inhibit or even reverse pathological cardiac fibrosis. In the past few decades, cell therapy has been under continuous evaluation as a potential treatment strategy, and several studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce cardiac fibrosis and improve heart function. Mechanistically, it is believed that the heart benefits from MSC therapy by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative reactions. The mechanisms of action include paracrine signaling and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the anti-fibrotic properties of MSCs and approaches to enhance them and discuss future directions of MSCs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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6
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Gähwiler EKN, Motta SE, Martin M, Nugraha B, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Human iPSCs and Genome Editing Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639699. [PMID: 34262897 PMCID: PMC8273765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells using four Yamanaka transcription factors. Since their discovery, the stem cell (SC) field achieved significant milestones and opened several gateways in the area of disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In parallel, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) revolutionized the field of genome engineering, allowing the generation of genetically modified cell lines and achieving a precise genome recombination or random insertions/deletions, usefully translated for wider applications. Cardiovascular diseases represent a constantly increasing societal concern, with limited understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology could enable the systematic investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms or drug screening for potential therapeutics. Furthermore, these technologies can provide a cellular platform for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) approaches by modulating the expression or inhibition of targeted proteins, thereby creating the possibility to engineer new cell lines and/or fine-tune biomimetic scaffolds. This review will focus on the application of iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9, and a combination thereof to the field of cardiovascular TE. In particular, the clinical translatability of such technologies will be discussed ranging from disease modeling to drug screening and TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Gibler P, Gimble J, Hamel K, Rogers E, Henderson M, Wu X, Olesky S, Frazier T. Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Methods for Adipose Tissue Modeling In Vitro: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1378. [PMID: 34204869 PMCID: PMC8227575 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the current state of hASC culture and assessment methods for adipose tissue engineering using 3D MPS. Our search efforts resulted in the identification of 184 independent records, of which 27 were determined to be most relevant to the goals of the present review. Our results demonstrate a lack of consensus on methods for hASC culture and assessment for the production of physiologically relevant in vitro models of human adipose tissue. Few studies have assessed the impact of different 3D culture conditions on hASC adipogenesis. Additionally, there has been a limited use of assays for characterizing the functionality of adipose tissue in vitro. Results from this study suggest the need for more standardized culture methods and further analysis on in vitro tissue functionality. These will be necessary to validate the utility of 3D MPS as an in vitro model to reduce, refine, and replace in vivo experiments in the drug discovery regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Gibler
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Katie Hamel
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Emma Rogers
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Michael Henderson
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Xiying Wu
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Spencer Olesky
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Trivia Frazier
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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8
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Jauković A, Abadjieva D, Trivanović D, Stoyanova E, Kostadinova M, Pashova S, Kestendjieva S, Kukolj T, Jeseta M, Kistanova E, Mourdjeva M. Specificity of 3D MSC Spheroids Microenvironment: Impact on MSC Behavior and Properties. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:853-875. [PMID: 32681232 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the promising candidates for the regenerative and personalized medicine due to their self-renewal potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity. Although these properties have encouraged profound MSC studies in recent years, the majority of research has been based on standard 2D culture utilization. The opportunity to resemble in vivo characteristics of cells native niche has been provided by implementation of 3D culturing models such as MSC spheroid formation assesed through cells self-assembling. In this review, we address the current literature on physical and biochemical features of 3D MSC spheroid microenvironment and their impact on MSC properties and behaviors. Starting with the reduction in the cells' dimensions and volume due to the changes in adhesion molecules expression and cytoskeletal proteins rearrangement resembling native conditions, through the microenvironment shifts in oxygen, nutrients and metabolites gradients and demands, we focus on distinctive and beneficial features of MSC in spheroids compared to cells cultured in 2D conditions. By summarizing the data for 3D MSC spheroids regarding cell survival, pluripotency, differentiation, immunomodulatory activities and potential to affect tumor cells growth we highlighted advantages and perspectives of MSC spheroids use in regenerative medicine. Further detailed analyses are needed to deepen our understanding of mechanisms responsible for modified MSC behavior in spheroids and to set future directions for MSC clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia.,IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics, Röntgenring 11, D-97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Stoyanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Kostadinova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shina Pashova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana Kestendjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Obilní trh 11, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Suchdol, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Mourdjeva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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3D-microtissue derived secretome as a cell-free approach for enhanced mineralization of scaffolds in the chorioallantoic membrane model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5418. [PMID: 33686145 PMCID: PMC7940489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process and the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs (TECs) remains a challenge. The combination of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may enhance the healing process through paracrine effects. Here, we investigated the influence of cell format in combination with a collagen scaffold on key factors in bone healing process, such as mineralization, cell infiltration, vascularization, and ECM production. MSCs as single cells (2D-SCs), assembled into microtissues (3D-MTs) or their corresponding secretomes were combined with a collagen scaffold and incubated on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) for 7 days. A comprehensive quantitative analysis was performed on a cellular level by histology and by microcomputed tomography (microCT). In all experimental groups, accumulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan within the scaffold was observed over time. A pronounced cell infiltration and vascularization from the interface to the surface region of the CAM was detected. The 3D-MT secretome showed a significant mineralization of the biomaterial using microCT compared to all other conditions. Furthermore, it revealed a homogeneous distribution pattern of mineralization deposits in contrast to the cell-based scaffolds, where mineralization was only at the surface. Therefore, the secretome of MSCs assembled into 3D-MTs may represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for a next-generation bone healing concept.
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10
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Kouroupis D, Correa D. Increased Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionalization in Three-Dimensional Manufacturing Settings for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:621748. [PMID: 33644016 PMCID: PMC7907607 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.621748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exist within their in vivo niches as part of heterogeneous cell populations, exhibiting variable stemness potential and supportive functionalities. Conventional extensive 2D in vitro MSC expansion, aimed at obtaining clinically relevant therapeutic cell numbers, results in detrimental effects on both cellular characteristics (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence) and functions (e.g., differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory effects). These deleterious effects, added to the inherent inter-donor variability, negatively affect the standardization and reproducibility of MSC therapeutic potential. The resulting manufacturing challenges that drive the qualitative variability of MSC-based products is evident in various clinical trials where MSC therapeutic efficacy is moderate or, in some cases, totally insufficient. To circumvent these limitations, various in vitro/ex vivo techniques have been applied to manufacturing protocols to induce specific features, attributes, and functions in expanding cells. Exposure to inflammatory cues (cell priming) is one of them, however, with untoward effects such as transient expression of HLA-DR preventing allogeneic therapeutic schemes. MSC functionalization can be also achieved by in vitro 3D culturing techniques, in an effort to more closely recapitulate the in vivo MSC niche. The resulting spheroid structures provide spatial cell organization with increased cell–cell interactions, stable, or even enhanced phenotypic profiles, and increased trophic and immunomodulatory functionalities. In that context, MSC 3D spheroids have shown enhanced “medicinal signaling” activities and increased homing and survival capacities upon transplantation in vivo. Importantly, MSC spheroids have been applied in various preclinical animal models including wound healing, bone and osteochondral defects, and cardiovascular diseases showing safety and efficacy in vivo. Therefore, the incorporation of 3D MSC culturing approach into cell-based therapy would significantly impact the field, as more reproducible clinical outcomes may be achieved without requiring ex vivo stimulatory regimes. In the present review, we discuss the MSC functionalization in 3D settings and how this strategy can contribute to an improved MSC-based product for safer and more effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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11
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Chen C, Lou Y, Li XY, Lv ZT, Zhang LQ, Mao W. Mapping current research and identifying hotspots on mesenchymal stem cells in cardiovascular disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:498. [PMID: 33239082 PMCID: PMC7687818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in the cardiovascular disease. This study provides information on the latest progress, evolutionary path, frontier research hotspots, and future research developmental trends in this field. METHODS A knowledge map was generated by CiteSpace and VOSviewer analysis software based on data obtained from the literature on MSCs in the cardiovascular field. RESULTS The USA and China ranked at the top in terms of the percentage of articles, accounting for 34.306% and 28.550%, respectively. The institution with the highest number of research publications in this field was the University of Miami, followed by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Harvard University. The research institution with the highest ACI value was Harvard University, followed by the Mayo Clinic and the University of Cincinnati. The top three subjects in terms of the number of published articles were cell biology, cardiovascular system cardiology, and research experimental medicine. The journal with the most publications in this field was Circulation Research, followed by Scientific Reports and Biomaterials. The direction of research on MSCs in the cardiovascular system was divided into four parts: (1) tissue engineering, scaffolds, and extracellular matrix research; (2) cell transplantation, differentiation, proliferation, and signal transduction pathway research; (3) assessment of the efficacy of stem cells from different sources and administration methods in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, myocardial hypertrophy, and heart failure; and (4) exosomes and extracellular vesicles research. Tissue research is the hotspot and frontier in this field. CONCLUSION MSC research has presented a gradual upward trend in the cardiovascular field. Multidisciplinary intersection is a characteristic of this field. Engineering and materials disciplines are particularly valued and have received attention from researchers. The progress in multidisciplinary research will provide motivation and technical support for the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chen
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan district Hospital of TCM, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Lou
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Tian Lv
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Qiu Zhang
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The first Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311006, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Lee JSJ, Kim SJ, Choi JS, Eom MR, Shin H, Kwon SK. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroid sheet accelerates regeneration of ulcerated oral mucosa by enhancing inherent therapeutic properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Denda J, Futenma N, Shimizu Y. Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated nonwoven polyethylene/polypropylene fabric on non-mesodermal lineage-specific differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:471. [PMID: 33028399 PMCID: PMC7542906 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compared to other stem cells, the multipotency of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is limited. Effective approaches that trigger or enhance lineage-specific transdifferentiation are highly envisaged in the improvement of ASCs-based cell therapies. Using Immunofluorescence assays and the secretion of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) protein, we studied the impact of two substrates: Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated nonwoven polyethylene (PET)/polypropylene (PP) fabric and glass surfaces, representing 3 dimensional (D) and 2 D environments respectively, on the induction of cardiomyocytes – a non-mesodermal cell type from ASCs for 1–5 weeks. Results ASCs were successfully isolated from human adipose tissue under cGMP conditions. Within 1–3 weeks, expression of cTnT in the induced 3D cultures was overall significantly higher (P < 0.021) than that in the induced 2D cultures or controls (P < 0.0009). Remarkably, after 3 weeks of culture, cTnT secretion in the induced 3D cultures gradually declined, nearly reaching levels observed in the 2D cultures. The results show that HAp-coated nonwoven PE/PP fabric could enhance lineage-specific differentiation of ASCs toward cardiac-like cells. However, the fabric might suppress growth of the transformed cells. These preliminary findings encourage further interest in validating the fabric’s potential in improving ASCs transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hosea Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Junko Denda
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naoko Futenma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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14
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Patino-Guerrero A, Veldhuizen J, Zhu W, Migrino RQ, Nikkhah M. Three-dimensional scaffold-free microtissues engineered for cardiac repair. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7571-7590. [PMID: 32724973 PMCID: PMC8314954 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), persist as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The limited regenerative capacity of the myocardium presents significant challenges specifically for the treatment of MI and, subsequently, heart failure (HF). Traditional therapeutic approaches mainly rely on limiting the induced damage or the stress on the remaining viable myocardium through pharmacological regulation of remodeling mechanisms, rather than replacement or regeneration of the injured tissue. The emerging alternative regenerative medicine-based approaches have focused on restoring the damaged myocardial tissue with newly engineered functional and bioinspired tissue units. Cardiac regenerative medicine approaches can be broadly categorized into three groups: cell-based therapies, scaffold-based cardiac tissue engineering, and scaffold-free cardiac tissue engineering. Despite significant advancements, however, the clinical translation of these approaches has been critically hindered by two key obstacles for successful structural and functional replacement of the damaged myocardium, namely: poor engraftment of engineered tissue into the damaged cardiac muscle and weak electromechanical coupling of transplanted cells with the native tissue. To that end, the integration of micro- and nanoscale technologies along with recent advancements in stem cell technologies have opened new avenues for engineering of structurally mature and highly functional scaffold-based (SB-CMTs) and scaffold-free cardiac microtissues (SF-CMTs) with enhanced cellular organization and electromechanical coupling for the treatment of MI and HF. In this review article, we will present the state-of-the-art approaches and recent advancements in the engineering of SF-CMTs for myocardial repair.
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15
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Filippo Buono M, von Boehmer L, Strang J, P. Hoerstrup S, Y. Emmert M, Nugraha B. Human Cardiac Organoids for Modeling Genetic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071733. [PMID: 32698471 PMCID: PMC7409052 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies are characterized by changes in the function and structure of the myocardium. The development of a novel in vitro model could help to better emulate healthy and diseased human heart conditions and may improve the understanding of disease mechanisms. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrated the generation of cardiac organoids using a triculture approach of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs)-from healthy subjects and cardiomyopathy patients-human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) and human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). We assessed the organoids' suitability as a 3D cellular model for the representation of phenotypical features of healthy and cardiomyopathic hearts. We observed clear differences in structure and beating behavior between the organoid groups, depending on the type of hiPS-CMs (healthy versus cardiomyopathic) used. Organoids may thus prove a promising tool for the design and testing of patient-specific treatments as well as provide a platform for safer and more efficacious drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Filippo Buono
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Lisa von Boehmer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
| | - Jaan Strang
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
- Wyss Translational Center Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
- Wyss Translational Center Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.Y.E.); (B.N.); Tel.: +41-44-634-5610 (M.Y.E.); +41-635-8533 (B.N.)
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.F.B.); (L.v.B.); (S.P.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.E.); (B.N.); Tel.: +41-44-634-5610 (M.Y.E.); +41-635-8533 (B.N.)
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16
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Domnina A, Ivanova J, Alekseenko L, Kozhukharova I, Borodkina A, Pugovkina N, Smirnova I, Lyublinskaya O, Fridlyanskaya I, Nikolsky N. Three-Dimensional Compaction Switches Stress Response Programs and Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:473. [PMID: 32612993 PMCID: PMC7308716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are currently tested as a promising tool for the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. Enhanced therapeutic potential of spheroids formed from these cells has been proved in numerous studies, however, the fundamental basics of this effect are still being discussed. In this work, we showed that endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) assembled in spheroids possess a higher therapeutic efficacy compared to cells grown in monolayer in the treatment of the defects that are non-specific for eMSC tissue origin – skin wounds. With the purpose to elucidate the possible causes of superior spheroid potency, we compared the tolerance of eMSC cultivated in spheres and monolayer to the stress insults. Using genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide biosensor HyPer, we showed that three-dimensional configuration (3D) helped to shield the inner cell layers of spheroid from the external H2O2-induced oxidative stress. However, the viability of oxidatively damaged eMSCs in spheroids appeared to be much lower than that of monolayer cells. An extensive analysis, which included administration of heat shock and irradiation stress, revealed that cells in spheroids damaged by stress factors activate the apoptosis program, while in monolayer cells stress-induced premature senescence is developed. We found that basal down-regulation of anti-apoptotic and autophagy-related genes provides the possible molecular basis of the high commitment of eMSCs cultured in 3D to apoptosis. We conclude that predisposition to apoptosis provides the programmed elimination of damaged cells and contributes to the transplant safety of spheroids. In addition, to investigate the role of paracrine secretion in the wound healing potency of spheroids, we exploited the in vitro wound model (scratch assay) and found that culture medium conditioned by eMSC spheroids accelerates the migration of adherent cells. We showed that 3D eMSCs upregulate transcriptional activator, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, and secret ten-fold more HIF-1-inducible pro-angiogenic factor VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) than monolayer cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that enhanced secretory activity can promote wound healing potential of eMSC spheroids and that cultivation in the 3D cell environment alters eMSC vital programs and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Domnina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Ivanova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Alekseenko
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Kozhukharova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Pugovkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Fridlyanskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Koh I, Yong I, Kim B, Choi D, Hong J, Han YM, Kim P. Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine-Mediated Nanometric Extracellular Matrix-Coating Method of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:813-821. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IlKyoo Koh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Insung Yong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daheui Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 038722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 038722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Hookway TA, Matthys OB, Mendoza-Camacho FN, Rains S, Sepulveda JE, Joy DA, McDevitt TC. Phenotypic Variation Between Stromal Cells Differentially Impacts Engineered Cardiac Tissue Function. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:773-785. [PMID: 30968748 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Understanding the relationship between parenchymal and supporting cell populations is paramount to recapitulate the multicellular complexity of native tissues. Incorporation of stromal cells is widely recognized to be necessary for the stable formation of stem cell-derived cardiac tissues; yet, the types of stromal cells used have varied widely. This study systematically characterized several stromal populations and found that stromal phenotype and morphology was highly variable depending on cell source and exerted differential impacts on cardiac tissue function and induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocyte phenotype. Therefore, the choice of supporting stromal population can differentially impact the phenotypic or functional performance of engineered cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Hookway
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California
| | - Oriane B Matthys
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,2 UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sarah Rains
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Jessica E Sepulveda
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,4 Biological Sciences Department, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California
| | - David A Joy
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,2 UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,5 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
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19
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Zarkesh I, Halvaei M, Ghanian MH, Bagheri F, Sayahpour FA, Azami M, Mohammadi J, Baharvand H, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Scalable and cost-effective generation of osteogenic micro-tissues through the incorporation of inorganic microparticles within mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015021. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab51ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Qiao Y, Xu Z, Yu Y, Hou S, Geng J, Xiao T, Liang Y, Dong Q, Mei Y, Wang B, Qiao H, Dai J, Suo G. Single cell derived spheres of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance cell stemness properties, survival ability and therapeutic potential on liver failure. Biomaterials 2019; 227:119573. [PMID: 31670080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have shown great potentials in regenerative medicine for their extensive sources, multilineage differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and self-renewal ability. However, the clinical application of UCMSCs still confronts many challenges including the requirement of large quantity of cells, low survival ability in vivo and the loss of main original characteristics due to two-dimensional (2D) culture. The traditional three-dimensional (3D)-spheroid culture can mimic in vivo conditions, but still has limitations in clinical application due to large size of spheroid against direct injection and inner cell death. Based on self-renewal tenet, we produced single cell derived sphere (SCDS) of UCMSCs through combining single cell pattern on chip with 3D culture. Compared with the 2D and traditional 3D culture, SCDS culture has many advantages to meet clinical requirements, including small size, higher abilities of survival and migration, and stronger hypoxia resistance and stemness maintenance. Furthermore, SCDS culture promotes angiogenesis in UCMSCs-xenografts and displays greater therapeutic potential on acute liver failure (ALF) in vivo. Our results suggest that SCDS culture may serve as a simple and effective strategy for UCMSCs optimization to meet clinical demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhongjuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yanzhen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shulan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Junsa Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Tongqian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qun Dong
- Department of Pathology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Greepharma Inc., 211100, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular, Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Guangli Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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21
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Schneider I, Baumgartner W, Gröninger O, Stark WJ, Märsmann S, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Wolint P, Buschmann J. 3D microtissue-derived human stem cells seeded on electrospun nanocomposites under shear stress: Modulation of gene expression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 102:103481. [PMID: 31678737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different microenvironments trigger distinct differentiation of stem cells. Even without chemical supplementation, mechanical stimulation by shear stress may help to induce the desired differentiation. The cell format, such as three-dimensional (3D) microtissues (MTs), MT-derived cells or single cells (SCs), may have a pivotal impact as well. Here, we studied modulation of gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exposed to shear stress and/or after MT formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electrospun meshes of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP) at a weight ratio of 60:40 were seeded with human ASCs as MTs or as SCs and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without chemical supplementation. After 2 weeks of static culture, the scaffolds were cultured statically for another 2 weeks or placed in a Bose® bioreactor with a flow rate per area of 0.16 mL cm-2 min-1. Stiffness of the scaffolds was assessed as a function of time. After 4 weeks, minimum stem cell criteria markers and selected markers of osteogenesis, endothelial cell differentiation, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, cell distribution within the scaffolds and the allocation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) in the cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MTs decayed completely within 2 weeks after seeding on PLGA/aCaP. The osteogenic marker gene alkaline phosphatase and the endothelial cell marker gene CD31 were upregulated in MT-derived ASCs compared with SCs. Shear stress realised by fluid flow perfusion upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 expression in MT-derived ASCs and in SCs. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of YAP expression was doubled under perfusion compared with that under static culture for MT-derived ASCs and SCs. CONCLUSIONS Osteogenic and angiogenic commitments were more pronounced in MT-derived ASCs seeded on bone biomimetic electrospun nanocomposite PLGA/aCaP than in SCs seeded without induction medium. Furthermore, the static culture was superior to the perfusion regimen used here, as shear stress resulted in adipogenic commitment for MT-derived ASCs and SCs, although the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio indicated higher cell tensions under perfusion, usually associated with preferred osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schneider
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gröninger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Märsmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Talovic M, Patel K, Schwartz M, Madsen J, Garg K. Decellularized extracellular matrix gelloids support mesenchymal stem cell growth and function in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1830-1842. [PMID: 31306568 DOI: 10.1002/term.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are irrecoverable due to a significant loss of regenerative elements, persistent inflammation, extensive fibrosis, and functional impairment. When used in isolation, previous stem cell and biomaterial-based therapies have failed to regenerate skeletal muscle at clinically relevant levels. The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is crucial for the viability, stemness, and differentiation of stem cells. Decellularized-ECM (D-ECM) scaffolds are at the forefront of ongoing research to develop a viable therapy for VML. Due to the retention of key ECM components, D-ECM scaffolds provide an excellent substrate for the adhesion and migration of several cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and are currently under investigation in clinical trials for a wide range of medical conditions. However, a major limitation to the use of MSCs in clinical applications is their poor viability at the site of transplantation. In this study, we have fabricated spherical scaffolds composed of gelatin and skeletal muscle D-ECM for the adhesion and delivery of MSCs to the site of VML injury. These spherical scaffolds termed "gelloids" supported MSC survival, expansion, trophic factor secretion, immunomodulation, and myogenic protein expression in vitro. Future studies would determine the therapeutic efficacy of this approach in a murine model of VML injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Talovic
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Krishna Patel
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Josh Madsen
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Koyal Garg
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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Lian S, Xie R, Ye Y, Xie X, Li S, Lu Y, Li B, Cheng Y, Katanaev VL, Jia L. Simultaneous blocking of CD47 and PD-L1 increases innate and adaptive cancer immune responses and cytokine release. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:281-295. [PMID: 30878596 PMCID: PMC6491392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment multiple tumors by immune therapy can be achieved by mobilizing both innate and adaptive immunity. The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1; or CD274, B7-H1) is a critical “don't find me” signal to the adaptive immune system. Equally CD47 is a critical “don't eat me” signal to the innate immune system and a regulator of the adaptive immune response. Method Both of CD47 and PD-L1 are overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells to enable to escape immune-surveillance. We designed EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule)-targeted cationic liposome (LPP-P4-Ep) containing si-CD47 and si-PD-L1 could target high-EpCAM cancer cells and knockdown both CD47 and PD-L1 proteins. Findings Efficient silencing of CD47 and PD-L1 versus single gene silencing in vivo by systemic administration of LPP-P4-Ep could significantly inhibited the growth of solid tumors in subcutaneous and reduced lung metastasis in lung metastasis model. Target delivery of the complexes LPP-P4-Ep increased anti-tumor T cell and NK cell response, and release various cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-6 in vivo and in vitro. Interpretation This multi-nanoparticles showed significantly high-EpCAM tumor targeting and lower toxicity, and enhanced immune therapeutic efficacy. Our data indicated that dual-blockade tumor cell-specific innate and adaptive checkpoints represents an improved strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Fund This research supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grant number 2015CB931804); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant numbers 81703555, U1505225 and 81773063), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant number 2017 M620268).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Lian
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuying Ye
- Fujian Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China; Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceangraphy, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Head of the Natural Products Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China; Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceangraphy, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Lee MO, Jung KB, Jo SJ, Hyun SA, Moon KS, Seo JW, Kim SH, Son MY. Modelling cardiac fibrosis using three-dimensional cardiac microtissues derived from human embryonic stem cells. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30809271 PMCID: PMC6375184 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis is the most common pathway of many cardiac diseases. To date, there has been no suitable in vitro cardiac fibrosis model that could sufficiently mimic the complex environment of the human heart. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) cardiac sphere platform of contractile cardiac microtissue, composed of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is presented to better recapitulate the human heart. Results We hypothesized that MSCs would develop an in vitro fibrotic reaction in response to treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a primary inducer of cardiac fibrosis. The addition of MSCs improved sarcomeric organization, electrophysiological properties, and the expression of cardiac-specific genes, suggesting their physiological relevance in the generation of human cardiac microtissue model in vitro. MSCs could also generate fibroblasts within 3D cardiac microtissues and, subsequently, these fibroblasts were transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts by the exogenous addition of TGF-β1. Cardiac microtissues displayed fibrotic features such as the deposition of collagen, the presence of numerous apoptotic CMs and the dissolution of mitochondrial networks. Furthermore, treatment with pro-fibrotic substances demonstrated that this model could reproduce key molecular and cellular fibrotic events. Conclusions This highlights the potential of our 3D cardiac microtissues as a valuable tool for manifesting and evaluating the pro-fibrotic effects of various agents, thereby representing an important step forward towards an in vitro system for the prediction of drug-induced cardiac fibrosis and the study of the pathological changes in human cardiac fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13036-019-0139-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ok Lee
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 341411 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 341411 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jae Jo
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 341411 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Hyun
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- 4Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea.,5Department of Biomedical Engineering, KIST school, UST, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- 1Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 341411 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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25
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Cellular Spheroids of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Perspectives in Future Healthcare. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic cellular properties of several types of cells are dramatically altered as the culture condition shifts from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) environment. Currently, several lines of evidence have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine. MSCs not only replenish the lost cells, they also promote the regeneration of impaired tissues by modulating the immune responses. Following the development of 3D cell culture, the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of spheroid-forming MSCs have been identified in several animal disease models by promoting differentiation or trophic factor secretion, as compared to planar-cultured MSCs. Due to the complicated and multifunctional applications in the medical field, MSCs are recently named as medicinal signaling cells. In this review, we summarize the predominant differences of cell–environment interactions for the MSC spheroids formed by chitosan-based substrates and other scaffold-free approaches. Furthermore, several important physical and chemical factors affecting cell behaviors in the cell spheroids are discussed. Currently, the understanding of MSCs spheroid interactions is continuously expanding. Overall, this article aims to review the broad advantages and perspectives of MSC spheroids in regenerative medicine and in future healthcare.
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Cellular Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease: An Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1201:195-213. [PMID: 31898788 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), which includes heart failure (HF) induced by heart attack (myocardial infarction, MI), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Benjamin, et al. Circulation 139:e56-e66, 2019). MI occurs at an alarmingly high rate in the United States (approx. One case every 40 seconds), and the failure to repair damaged myocardium is the leading cause of recurrent heart attacks, heart failure (HF), and death within 5 years of MI (Benjamin, et al. Circulation 139:e56-e66, 2019). At present, HF represents an unmet need with no approved clinical therapies to replace the damaged myocardium. As the population ages, the number of heart failure patients is projected to increase, doubling the annual cost by 2030 (Benjamin, et al. Circulation 139:e56-e66, 2019). In the past decades, stem cell therapy has become a promising strategy for cardiac regeneration. However, stem cell-based therapy yielded modest success in human clinical trials. This chapter examines the types of cells examined in cardiac therapy in the setting of IHD, with a brief introduction to ongoing research aiming at enhancing the therapeutic potential of transplanted cells.
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Wang BH, Liew D, Huang KW, Huang L, Tang W, Kelly DJ, Reid C, Liu Z. The Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure and the Potential Strategies to Improve the Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984418410088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the single highest global cause of death and a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Despite the advances in medical treatments, the prevalence and mortality for heart failure remain unacceptably high. New approaches are urgently needed to reduce this burden and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. One such promising approach is stem cell therapy, including embryonic stem cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the cardiac microenvironment following myocardial infarction poses huge challenges with inflammation, adequate retention, engraftment and functional incorporation all crucial concerns. The lack of cardiac regeneration, cell viability and functional improvement has hindered the success of stem cell therapy in clinical settings. The use of biomaterial scaffolds in conjunction with stem cells has recently been shown to enhance the outcome of stem cell therapy for heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review outlines some of the current challenges in the treatment of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction through improving stem cell therapeutic strategies, as well as the prospect of suitable biomaterial scaffolds to enhance their efficacy and improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hui Wang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Kevin W. Huang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Li Huang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
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Functionally Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Better Treat Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7045245. [PMID: 30622568 PMCID: PMC6286742 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7045245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is considered a promising approach and has made significant progress in preclinical studies and clinical trials for treating MI. However, hurdles including poor survival, retention, homing, and differentiation capacity largely limit the therapeutic effect of transplanted MSCs. Many strategies such as preconditioning, genetic modification, cotransplantation with bioactive factors, and tissue engineering were developed to improve the survival and function of MSCs. On the other hand, optimizing the hostile transplantation microenvironment of the host myocardium is also of importance. Here, we review the modifications of MSCs as well as the host myocardium to improve the efficacy of MSC-based therapy against MI.
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29
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Kouroupis D, Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Jones E, Correa D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionalization for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 25:55-77. [PMID: 30165783 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Culture expansion of MSCs has detrimental effects on various cell characteristics and attributes (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence), which, in addition to inherent interdonor variability, negatively impact the standardization and reproducibility of their therapeutic potential. The identification of innate distinct functional MSC subpopulations, as well as the description of ex vivo protocols aimed at maintaining phenotypes and enhancing specific functions have the potential to overcome these limitations. The incorporation of those approaches into cell-based therapy would significantly impact the field, as more reproducible clinical outcomes may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,2 Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- 3 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, Saint James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy, University of A Coruña, CIBER-BBN-Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Jones
- 3 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, Saint James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Correa
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,2 Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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30
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Kim S, Cho AN, Min S, Kim S, Cho SW. Organoids for Advanced Therapeutics and Disease Models. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suran Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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Cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues enhances the angiogenic activity and functional neovascularization capacity of human cardiopoietic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:37-52. [PMID: 30014173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While cell therapy has been proposed as next-generation therapy to treat the diseased heart, current strategies display only limited clinical efficacy. Besides the ongoing quest for the ideal cell type, in particular the very low retention rate of single-cell (SC) suspensions after delivery remains a major problem. To improve cellular retention, cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues (MTs) prior to transplantation has emerged as an encouraging alternative. Importantly, 3D-MTs have also been reported to enhance the angiogenic activity and neovascularization potential of stem cells. Therefore, here using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay we comprehensively evaluate the impact of cell format (SCs versus 3D-MTs) on the angiogenic potential of human cardiopoietic stem cells, a promising second-generation cell type for cardiac repair. Biodegradable collagen scaffolds were seeded with human cardiopoietic stem cells, either as SCs or as 3D-MTs generated by using a modified hanging drop method. Thereafter, seeded scaffolds were placed on the CAM of living chicken embryos and analyzed for their perfusion capacity in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging assessment which was then linked to a longitudinal histomorphometric ex vivo analysis comprising blood vessel density and characteristics such as shape and size. Cellular self-assembly into 3D-MTs led to a significant increase of vessel density mainly driven by a higher number of neo-capillary formation. In contrast, SC-seeded scaffolds displayed a higher frequency of larger neo-vessels resulting in an overall 1.76-fold higher total vessel area (TVA). Importantly, despite that larger TVA in SC-seeded group, the mean perfusion capacity (MPC) was comparable between groups, therefore suggesting functional superiority together with an enhanced perfusion efficacy of the neo-vessels in 3D-MT-seeded scaffolds. This was further underlined by a 1.64-fold higher perfusion ratio when relating MPC to TVA. Our study shows that cellular self-assembly of human cardiopoietic stem cells into 3D-MTs substantially enhances their overall angiogenic potential and their functional neovascularization capacity. Hence, the concept of 3D-MTs may be considered to increase the therapeutic efficacy of future cell therapy concepts.
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Cui H, Miao S, Esworthy T, Zhou X, Lee SJ, Liu C, Yu ZX, Fisher JP, Mohiuddin M, Zhang LG. 3D bioprinting for cardiovascular regeneration and pharmacology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:252-269. [PMID: 30053441 PMCID: PMC6226324 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Compared to traditional therapeutic strategies, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is one of the most advanced techniques for creating complicated cardiovascular implants with biomimetic features, which are capable of recapitulating both the native physiochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the cardiovascular system. The present review provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, as well as describes the principles of, and recent advances in, 3D bioprinting cardiovascular tissues and models. Moreover, this review will focus on the applications of 3D bioprinting technology in cardiovascular repair/regeneration and pharmacological modeling, further discussing current challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Shida Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Se-Jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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Combination of MSC spheroids wrapped within autologous composite sheet dually protects against immune rejection and enhances stem cell transplantation efficacy. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:93-103. [PMID: 30060833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in transplantation therapy due to their multilineage differentiation potential, abundance, and immuno-modulating ability. However, the risk of allograft rejection limits their application. Here, we proposed a novel method to facilitate MSC transplantation with enhanced applicability and efficacy. We cultured human adipose-derived MSCs in a 3D culture under in vitro expansion conditions and under conventional 2D adherent culture conditions. MSC spheroids promoted extracellular matrix molecules that stimulate MSC proliferation, and produced more angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor than 2D-cultured MSCs. Further, MSC spheroids showed increased IDO expression, increased proportion of M2 macrophages, and decreased macrophage proliferation, compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. Next, we proposed the wrapping of autologous cell sheets from the recipient around in-vitro-grown MSC spheroids to prevent allogenic immune rejection during transplantation. Myoblasts from C57BL/6 mice were used to prepare a stem cell composite sheet containing human-derived MSC spheres. The transplantation of MSC spheroids increased the survival rate and decreased the inflammatory response of the immunocompetent C57BL/6 ischemic mice. Thus, combining 3D-cultured MSC spheroid technology with immune evasion stem cell composite sheet improved the outcome and strengthened the protection against allogenic immune rejection.
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Abbasi F, Ghanian MH, Baharvand H, Vahidi B, Eslaminejad MB. Engineering mesenchymal stem cell spheroids by incorporation of mechanoregulator microparticles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 84:74-87. [PMID: 29751274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces throughout human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids (mesenspheres) play a predominant role in determining cellular functions of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation through mechanotransductional mechanisms. Here, we introduce microparticle (MP) incorporation as a mechanical intervention method to alter tensional homeostasis of the mesensphere and explore MSC differentiation in response to MP stiffness. The microparticulate mechanoregulators with different elastic modulus (34 kPa, 0.6 MPa, and 2.2 MPa) were prepared by controlled crosslinking cell-sized microdroplets of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Preparation of MP-MSC composite spheroids enabled us to study the possible effects of MPs through experimental and computational assays. Our results showed that MP incorporation selectively primed MSCs toward osteogenesis, yet hindered adipogenesis. Interestingly, this behavior depended on MP mechanics, as the spheroids that contained MPs with intermediate stiffness behaved similar to control MP-free mesenspheres with more tendencies toward chondrogenesis. However, by using the soft or stiff MPs, the MP-mesenspheres significantly showed signs of osteogenesis. This could be explained by the complex of forces which acted in the cell spheroid and, totally, provided a homeostasis situation. Incorporation of cell-sized polymer MPs as mechanoregulators of cell spheroids could be utilized as a new engineering toolkit for multicellular organoids in disease modeling and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbasi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghanian
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Vahidi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Kang JM, Yoon JK, Oh SJ, Kim BS, Kim SH. Synergistic Therapeutic Effect of Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Clusters and Angiopoietin-1 on Promoting Vascular Regeneration in Ischemic Region. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:616-630. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Kang
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-ja Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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36
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Lo H, Huang A, Lee P, Chung T, Wang S. Morphological transformation of h
BMSC
from 2
D
monolayer to 3
D
microtissue on low‐crystallinity
SF‐PCL
patch with promotion of cardiomyogenesis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1852-e1864. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin‐Yu Lo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - An‐Li Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tze‐Wen Chung
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shoei‐Shen Wang
- Department of SurgeryFu Jen Catholic University Hospital, and Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine New Taipei City Taiwan
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Artificial Cardiac Muscle with or without the Use of Scaffolds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8473465. [PMID: 28875152 PMCID: PMC5569873 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8473465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past several decades, major advances and improvements now promote better treatment options for cardiovascular diseases. However, these diseases still remain the single leading cause of death worldwide. The rapid development of cardiac tissue engineering has provided the opportunity to potentially restore the contractile function and retain the pumping feature of injured hearts. This conception of cardiac tissue engineering can enable researchers to produce autologous and functional biomaterials which represents a promising technique to benefit patients with cardiovascular diseases. Such an approach will ultimately reshape existing heart transplantation protocols. Notable efforts are accelerating the development of cardiac tissue engineering, particularly to create larger tissue with enhanced functionality. Decellularized scaffolds, polymer synthetics fibrous matrix, and natural materials are used to build robust cardiac tissue scaffolds to imitate the morphological and physiological patterns of natural tissue. This ultimately helps cells to implant properly to obtain endogenous biological capacity. However, newer designs such as the hydrogel scaffold-free matrix can increase the applicability of artificial tissue to engineering strategies. In this review, we summarize all the methods to produce artificial cardiac tissue using scaffold and scaffold-free technology, their advantages and disadvantages, and their relevance to clinical practice.
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Yipeng J, Yongde X, Yuanyi W, Jilei S, Jiaxiang G, Jiangping G, Yong Y. Microtissues Enhance Smooth Muscle Differentiation and Cell Viability of hADSCs for Three Dimensional Bioprinting. Front Physiol 2017; 8:534. [PMID: 28790931 PMCID: PMC5524823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle differentiated human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) provide a crucial stem cell source for urinary tissue engineering, but the induction of hADSCs for smooth muscle differentiation still has several issues to overcome, including a relatively long induction time and equipment dependence, which limits access to abundant stem cells within a short period of time for further application. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting holds great promise in regenerative medicine due to its controllable construction of a designed 3D structure. When evenly mixed with bioink, stem cells can be spatially distributed within a bioprinted 3D structure, thus avoiding drawbacks such as, stem cell detachment in a conventional cell-scaffold strategy. Notwithstanding the advantages mentioned above, cell viability is often compromised during 3D bioprinting, which is often due to pressure during the bioprinting process. The objective of our study was to improve the efficiency of hADSC smooth muscle differentiation and cell viability of a 3D bioprinted structure. Here, we employed the hanging-drop method to generate hADSC microtissues in a smooth muscle inductive medium containing human transforming growth factor β1 and bioprinted the induced microtissues onto a 3D structure. After 3 days of smooth muscle induction, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and smoothelin was higher in microtissues than in their counterpart monolayer cultured hADSCs, as confirmed by immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. The semi-quantitative assay showed that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was 0.218 ± 0.077 in MTs and 0.082 ± 0.007 in Controls; smoothelin expression was 0.319 ± 0.02 in MTs and 0.178 ± 0.06 in Controls. Induced MTs maintained their phenotype after the bioprinting process. Live/dead and cell count kit 8 assays showed that cell viability and cell proliferation in the 3D structure printed with microtissues were higher at all time points compared to the conventional single-cell bioprinting strategy (mean cell viability was 88.16 ± 3.98 vs. 61.76 ± 15% for microtissues and single-cells, respectively). These results provide a novel way to enhance the smooth muscle differentiation of hADSCs and a simple method to maintain better cell viability in 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yipeng
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Xu Yongde
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Wu Yuanyi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Sun Jilei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Guo Jiaxiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Gao Jiangping
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yang Yong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
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39
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Cambria E, Pasqualini FS, Wolint P, Günter J, Steiger J, Bopp A, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Translational cardiac stem cell therapy: advancing from first-generation to next-generation cell types. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:17. [PMID: 29302353 PMCID: PMC5677990 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure rank among the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Except for heart transplantation, current therapy options only treat the symptoms but do not cure the disease. Stem cell-based therapies represent a possible paradigm shift for cardiac repair. However, most of the first-generation approaches displayed heterogeneous clinical outcomes regarding efficacy. Stemming from the desire to closely match the target organ, second-generation cell types were introduced and rapidly moved from bench to bedside. Unfortunately, debates remain around the benefit of stem cell therapy, optimal trial design parameters, and the ideal cell type. Aiming at highlighting controversies, this article provides a critical overview of the translation of first-generation and second-generation cell types. It further emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of cardiac repair and the lessons learned from first-generation trials, in order to improve cell-based therapies and to potentially finally implement cell-free therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Wolint
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Julia Günter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Julia Steiger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Annina Bopp
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland.,Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8044 Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, 8091 Switzerland.,Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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In Utero Stem Cell Transplantation: Potential Therapeutic Application for Muscle Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3027520. [PMID: 28596791 PMCID: PMC5450178 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3027520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies, myopathies, and traumatic muscle injury and loss encompass a large group of conditions that currently have no cure. Myoblast transplantations have been investigated as potential cures for these conditions for decades. However, current techniques lack the ability to generate cell numbers required to produce any therapeutic benefit. In utero stem cell transplantation into embryos has been studied for many years mainly in the context of hematopoietic cells and has shown to have experimental advantages and therapeutic applications. Moreover, patient-derived cells can be used for experimental transplantation into nonhuman animal embryos via in utero injection as the immune response is absent at such early stages of development. We therefore propose in utero transplantation as a potential method to generate patient-derived humanized skeletal muscle as well as muscle stem cells in animals for therapeutic purposes as well as patient-specific drug screening.
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41
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Petrenko Y, Syková E, Kubinová Š. The therapeutic potential of three-dimensional multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:94. [PMID: 28446248 PMCID: PMC5406927 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of clinical trials involving transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is often insufficient due to harsh conditions present within the target tissue including hypoxia, low nutrient supply as well as inflammatory reactions. This indicates the necessity for optimization of cell-based therapy approaches which might include either modification of the cell manufacturing process or specific cell pretreatment procedures prior to transplantation. Recent reports confirm evidence that the aggregation of MSCs into three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids results in enhancement of the overall therapeutic potential of cells, by improving the anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties, stemness and survival of MSCs after transplantation. Such an MSCs spheroid generation approach may open new opportunities for the enlargement of MSCs applications in clinical research and therapy. However, the unification and optimization of 3D spheroid generation techniques, including the selection of appropriate clinical-grade culture conditions and methods for their large-scale production, are still of great importance. The current review addresses questions regarding therapeutic-associated properties of 3D multicellular MSCs spheroids in vitro and during preclinical animal studies, with special attention to the possibilities of translating these research achievements toward further clinical manufacturing and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Petrenko
- Department of Biomaterials and Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR v. v. i, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Syková
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Department of Biomaterials and Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR v. v. i, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
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42
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Trease C, Longman M, Augousti A, Foot P, Pierscionek B. Cell morphology and growth observation studies on novel, chemically unmodified and patterned polymer surfaces for advanced tissue culture applications. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Chung TW, Lo HY, Chou TH, Chen JH, Wang SS. Promoting Cardiomyogenesis of hBMSC with a Forming Self-Assembly hBMSC Microtissues/HA-GRGD/SF-PCL Cardiac Patch Is Mediated by the Synergistic Functions of HA-GRGD. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Wen Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Han Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Yunlin University of Science and Technology; Yunlin 64402 Taiwan
| | - Jan-Hou Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Yunlin University of Science and Technology; Yunlin 64402 Taiwan
| | - Shoei-Shen Wang
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital; National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Taipei 110 Taiwan
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44
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Well-organized spheroids as a new platform to examine cell interaction and behaviour during organ development. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:601-615. [PMID: 27599480 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental method allowing the production of three-dimensional organ-like structures, namely microtissues (MTs), in vitro without the need for exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) or growth factors. Submandibular salivary glands (embryonic day ED14), kidneys (ED13) and lungs (ED13) were harvested from mouse embryos and dissociated into single cells by enzyme treatment. Single cells were seeded into special hanging drop culture plates (InSphero) and cultured for up to 14 days to obtain MTs. This strategy permitted full control of the quantity of seeded cells. The development of the MTs into organs was followed histologically and immunohistochemically. Well-organized epithelial structures surrounded by a basal lamina were formed, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin and α-SMA was compared in organs and corresponding MTs by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Branching morphogenesis was induced in MTs (as shown by histology and immunostaining for fibronectin and perlecan) and was conserved even after 14 days of culture. MTs continued their development and their epithelial structures were comparable with those of the physiological organ at postnatal day 2 (PN2). Expression of aquaporins was investigated to obtain better support for the functional differentiation of epithelial cells. Histogenesis proceeded and led to the start of organogenesis. This experimental model might improve our knowledge of epithelial-mesenchymal histogenesis and can be employed to study development or cellular organization during the embryonic formation of organs.
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45
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Cambria E, Steiger J, Günter J, Bopp A, Wolint P, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Cardiac Regenerative Medicine: The Potential of a New Generation of Stem Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:275-281. [PMID: 27721703 DOI: 10.1159/000448179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cell therapy holds great potential to prompt myocardial regeneration in patients with ischemic heart disease. The selection of the most suitable cell type is pivotal for its successful application. Various cell types, including crude bone marrow mononuclear cells, skeletal myoblast, and hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors, have already advanced into the clinical arena based on promising results from different experimental and preclinical studies. However, most of these so-called first-generation cell types have failed to fully emulate the promising preclinical data in clinical trials, resulting in heterogeneous outcomes and a critical lack of translation. Therefore, different next-generation cell types are currently under investigation for the treatment of the diseased myocardium. This review article provides an overview of current stem cell therapy concepts, including the application of cardiac stem (CSCs) and progenitor cells (CPCs) and lineage commitment via guided cardiopoiesis from multipotent cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or pluripotent cells such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, it introduces new strategies combining complementary cell types, such as MSCs and CSCs/CPCs, which can yield synergistic effects to boost cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Steiger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Günter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina Bopp
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Mallone A, Weber B, Hoerstrup SP. Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies: Update and Future Outlook. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:291-296. [PMID: 27721705 DOI: 10.1159/000447749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the effort of improving treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD), scientists struggle with the lack of the regenerative capacities of finally differentiated cardiovascular tissues. In this context, the advancements in regenerative medicine contributed to the development of cell-based therapies as well as macro- and micro-scale tissue-engineering technologies. The current experimental approaches focus on different regenerative strategies including a broad spectrum of techniques such as paracrine-based stimulation of autologous cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal cell injections, 3D microtissue culture techniques and vascular tissue-engineering methods. These potential next-generation strategies are leading the way to a revolution in addressing CVD, and numerous studies are now undertaken to assess their therapeutic value. With this review, we provide an update on the current research directions, on their major challenges, limitations, and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mallone
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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47
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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48
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Microtissues in Cardiovascular Medicine: Regenerative Potential Based on a 3D Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9098523. [PMID: 27073399 PMCID: PMC4814701 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9098523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More people die annually from cardiovascular diseases than from any other cause. In particular, patients who suffer from myocardial infarction may be affected by ongoing adverse remodeling processes of the heart that may ultimately lead to heart failure. The introduction of stem and progenitor cell-based applications has raised substantial hope for reversing these processes and inducing cardiac regeneration. However, current stem cell therapies using single-cell suspensions have failed to demonstrate long-lasting efficacy due to the overall low retention rate after cell delivery to the myocardium. To overcome this obstacle, the concept of 3D cell culture techniques has been proposed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and cell engraftment based on the simulation of an in vivo-like microenvironment. Of great interest is the use of so-called microtissues or spheroids, which have evolved from their traditional role as in vitro models to their novel role as therapeutic agents. This review will provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of microtissues by addressing primarily cardiovascular regeneration. It will accentuate their advantages compared to other regenerative approaches and summarize the methods for generating clinically applicable microtissues. In addition, this review will illustrate the unique properties of the microenvironment within microtissues that makes them a promising next-generation therapeutic approach.
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49
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Panchalingam KM, Jung S, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Bioprocessing strategies for the large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 26597928 PMCID: PMC4657237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called mesenchymal stromal cells, have been of great interest in regenerative medicine applications because of not only their differentiation potential but also their ability to secrete bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and promote tissue repair. This potential has initiated many early-phase clinical studies for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and injuries by using either hMSCs themselves or their secreted products. Currently, hMSCs for clinical use are generated through conventional static adherent cultures in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human-sourced supplements. However, these methods suffer from variable culture conditions (i.e., ill-defined medium components and heterogeneous culture environment) and thus are not ideal procedures to meet the expected future demand of quality-assured hMSCs for human therapeutic use. Optimizing a bioprocess to generate hMSCs or their secreted products (or both) promises to improve the efficacy as well as safety of this stem cell therapy. In this review, current media and methods for hMSC culture are outlined and bioprocess development strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Quest, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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50
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Bioengineering and Stem Cell Technology in the Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2015; 4:768-81. [PMID: 26239354 PMCID: PMC4470166 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease places a significant burden on the individual, family and community despite significant advances in our understanding of aetiology and treatment. Early research in ischaemic heart disease has paved the way for stem cell technology and bioengineering, which promises to improve both structural and functional aspects of disease. Stem cell therapy has demonstrated significant improvements in cardiac function in adults with ischaemic heart disease. This finding, together with promising case studies in the paediatric setting, demonstrates the potential for this treatment in congenital heart disease. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stems cell technology, provides a unique opportunity to address aetiological, as well as therapeutic, aspects of disease.
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