1
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Kopeček J. Hydrophilic biomaterials: From crosslinked and self-assembled hydrogels to polymer-drug conjugates and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2024; 373:1-22. [PMID: 38734315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This "Magnum Opus" accentuates my lifelong belief that the future of science is in the interdisciplinary approach to hypotheses formulation and problem solving. Inspired by the invention of hydrogels and soft contact lenses by my mentors, my six decades of research have continuously proceeded from the synthesis of biocompatible hydrogels to the development of polymer-drug conjugates, then generation of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) and finally to multi-antigen T cell hybridizers (MATCH). This interdisciplinary journey was inspiring; the lifetime feeling that one is a beginner in some aspects of the research is a driving force that keeps the enthusiasm high. Also, I wanted to illustrate that systematic research in one wide area can be a life-time effort without the need to jump to areas that are temporarily en-vogue. In addition to generating general scientific knowledge, hydrogels from my laboratory have been transferred to the clinic, polymer-drug conjugates to clinical trials, and drug-free macromolecular systems have an excellent potential for personalizing patient therapies. There is a limit to life but no limit to imagination. I anticipate that systematic basic research will contribute to the expansion of our knowledge and create a foundation for the design of new paradigms based on the comprehension of mechanisms of physiological processes. The emerging novel platform technologies in biomaterial-based devices and implants as well as in personalized nanomedicines will ultimately impact clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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2
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Moloney C, Mehradnia F, Cavanagh RJ, Ibrahim A, Pearce AK, Ritchie AA, Clarke P, Rahman R, Grabowska AM, Alexander C. Chain-extension in hyperbranched polymers alters tissue distribution and cytotoxicity profiles in orthotopic models of triple negative breast cancers. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6545-6560. [PMID: 37593851 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines is highly dependent on their access to target sites in the body, and this in turn is markedly affected by their size, shape and transport properties in tissue. Although there have been many studies in this area, the ability to design nanomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties for in vivo efficacy remains a significant challenge. In particular, it is often difficult to quantify the detailed effects of cancer drug delivery systems in vivo as tumour volume reduction, a commonly reported marker of efficacy, does not always correlate with cytotoxicity in tumour tissue. Here, we studied the behaviour in vivo of two specific poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (pHPMA) pro-drugs, with hyperbranched and chain-extended branched architectures, redox-responsive backbone components, and pH-sensitive linkers to the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. Evaluation of the biodistribution of these polymers following systemic injection indicated differences in the circulation time and organ distribution of the two polymers, despite their very similar hydrodynamic radii (∼10 and 15 nm) and architectures. In addition, both polymers showed improved tumour accumulation in orthotopic triple-negative breast cancers in mice, and decreased accumulation in healthy tissue, as compared to free doxorubicin, even though neither polymer-doxorubicin pro-drug decreased overall tumour volume as much as the free drug under the dosing regimens selected. However, the results of histopathological examinations by haematoxylin and eosin, and TUNEL staining indicated a higher population of apoptotic cells in the tumours for both polymer pro-drug treatments, and in turn a lower population of apoptotic cells in the heart, liver and spleen, as compared to free doxorubicin treatment. These data suggest that the penetration of these polymer pro-drugs was enhanced in tumour tissue relative to free doxorubicin, and that the combination of size, architecture, bioresponsive backbone and drug linker degradation yielded greater efficacy for the polymers as measured by biomarkers than that of tumour volume. We suggest therefore that the effects of nanomedicines may be different at various length scales relative to small molecule free drugs, and that penetration into tumour tissue for some nanomedicines may not be as problematic as prior reports have suggested. Furthermore, the data indicate that dual-responsive crosslinked polymer-prodrugs in this study may be effective nanomedicines for breast cancer chemotherapy, and that endpoints beyond tumour volume reduction can be valuable in selecting candidates for pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Moloney
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Fatemeh Mehradnia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Robert J Cavanagh
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Amanda K Pearce
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Philip Clarke
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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3
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Sbordone F, Veskova J, Richardson B, Do PT, Micallef A, Frisch H. Embedding Peptides into Synthetic Polymers: Radical Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclic Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6221-6229. [PMID: 36898136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids are the key building blocks of life. Synthetic polymers have nevertheless revolutionized our everyday life through their robust synthetic accessibility. Combining the unmatched functionality of biopolymers with the robustness of tailorable synthetic polymers holds the promise to create materials that can be designed ad hoc for a wide array of applications. Radical polymerization is the most widely applied polymerization technique in both fundamental science and industrial polymer production. While this polymerization technique is robust and well controlled, it generally yields unfunctional all-carbon backbones. Combinations of natural polymers such as peptides, with synthetic polymers, are thus limited to tethering peptides onto the side chains or chain ends of the latter. This synthetic limitation is a critical restraint, considering that the function of biopolymers is programmed into the sequence of their main chain (i.e., primary structure). Here, we report the radical copolymerization of peptides and synthetic comonomers yielding synthetic polymers with defined peptide sequences embedded into their main chain. Key was the development of a solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) approach to generate synthetic access to peptide conjugates containing allylic sulfides. Following cyclization, the obtained peptide monomers can be readily copolymerized with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA)─controlled by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Importantly, the developed synthetic strategy is compatible with all 20 standard amino acids and uses exclusively standard SPPS chemicals or chemicals accessible in one-step synthesis─prerequisite for widespread and universal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sbordone
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Juliet Veskova
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Bailey Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Phuong Thi Do
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Aaron Micallef
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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4
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Subrahmanyam N, Yathavan B, Yu SM, Ghandehari H. Targeting Intratibial Osteosarcoma Using Water-Soluble Copolymers Conjugated to Collagen Hybridizing Peptides. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1670-1680. [PMID: 36724294 PMCID: PMC10799843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of primary malignant bone cancer in adolescents. Over the years, OS prognosis has greatly improved due to adjuvant and neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemotherapeutic treatment, increasing the chances of successful surgery and reducing the need for limb amputation. However, chemotherapeutic treatment to treat OS is limited by off-target toxicities and requires improved localization at the tumor site. Collagen, the main constituent of bone tissue, is extensively degraded and remodeled in OS, leading to an increased availability of denatured (monomeric) collagen. Collagen hybridizing peptides (CHPs) comprise a class of peptides rationally designed to selectively bind to denatured collagen. In this work, we have conjugated CHPs as targeting moieties to water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers to target OS tumors. We demonstrated increased accumulation of collagen-targeted HPMA copolymer-CHP conjugates compared to nontargeted HPMA copolymers, as well as increased retention compared to both nontargeted copolymers and CHPs, in a murine intratibial OS tumor model. Furthermore, we used microcomputed tomography analysis to evaluate the bone microarchitecture and correlated bone morphometric parameters (porosity, bone volume, and surface area) with maximum accumulation (Smax) and accumulation at 168 h postinjection (S168) of the copolymers at the tumor. Our results provide the foundation for the use of HPMA copolymer-CHP conjugates as targeted drug delivery systems in OS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Subrahmanyam
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bhuvanesh Yathavan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - S Michael Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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5
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Brito J, Andrianov AK, Sukhishvili SA. Factors Controlling Degradation of Biologically Relevant Synthetic Polymers in Solution and Solid State. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5057-5076. [PMID: 36206552 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The field of biodegradable synthetic polymers, which is central for regenerative engineering and drug delivery applications, encompasses a multitude of hydrolytically sensitive macromolecular structures and diverse processing approaches. The ideal degradation behavior for a specific life science application must comply with a set of requirements, which include a clinically relevant kinetic profile, adequate biocompatibility, benign degradation products, and controlled structural evolution. Although significant advances have been made in tailoring materials characteristics to satisfy these requirements, the impacts of autocatalytic reactions and microenvironments are often overlooked resulting in uncontrollable and unpredictable outcomes. Therefore, roles of surface versus bulk erosion, in situ microenvironment, and autocatalytic mechanisms should be understood to enable rational design of degradable systems. In an attempt to individually evaluate the physical state and form factors influencing autocatalytic hydrolysis of degradable polymers, this Review follows a hierarchical analysis that starts with hydrolytic degradation of water-soluble polymers before building up to 2D-like materials, such as ultrathin coatings and capsules, and then to solid-state degradation. We argue that chemical reactivity largely governs solution degradation while diffusivity and geometry control the degradation of bulk materials, with thin "2D" materials remaining largely unexplored. Following this classification, this Review explores techniques to analyze degradation in vitro and in vivo and summarizes recent advances toward understanding degradation behavior for traditional and innovative polymer systems. Finally, we highlight challenges encountered in analytical methodology and standardization of results and provide perspective on the future trends in the development of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
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Tumor-Targeting Polymer–Drug Conjugate for Liver Cancer Treatment In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214515. [PMID: 36365509 PMCID: PMC9653589 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufalin (buf) has poor solubility in aqueous solution, poor tumor targeting, and many non-specific toxic and side effects. The advantages of high-molecular-weight polymer conjugates are that they can improve the water solubility of buf, prolong plasma half-life, and reduce non-specific toxicity. A novel water-soluble polymer–drug conjugate with buf and fluorescein pendants was prepared by the combination of reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and click chemistry. Its anticancer performance and cellular uptake behavior against liver cancer were investigated in vitro. The polymer–buf conjugates exhibit controlled release and tumor-targeting capabilities, showing promise for clinical applications.
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7
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Hu B, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li Z, Jing Y, Yao J, Sun S. Research progress of bone-targeted drug delivery system on metastatic bone tumors. J Control Release 2022; 350:377-388. [PMID: 36007681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are common in malignant tumors and the effect of conventional treatment is limited. How to effectively inhibit tumor bone metastasis and deliver the drug to the bone has become an urgent issue to be solved. While bone targeting drug delivery systems have obvious advantages in the treatment of bone tumors. The research on bone-targeted anti-tumor therapy has made significant progress in recent years. We introduced the related tumor pathways of bone metastases. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in metastatic bone tumors. We introduce a drug-loading systems based on different environment-responsive nanocomposites for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic research. According to the process of bone metastases and the structure of bone tissue, we summarized the information on bone-targeting molecules. Bisphosphate has become the first choice of bone-targeted drug delivery carrier because of its affinity with hydroxyapatite in bone. Therefore, we sought to summarize the bone-targeting molecule of bisphosphate to identify the modification effect on bone-targeting. And this paper discusses the relationship between bisphosphate bone targeting molecular structure and drug delivery carriers, to provide some new ideas for the research and development of bone-targeting drug delivery carriers. Targeted therapy will make a more outstanding contribution to the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China.
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8
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Javia A, Vanza J, Bardoliwala D, Ghosh S, Misra A, Patel M, Thakkar H. Polymer-drug conjugates: Design principles, emerging synthetic strategies and clinical overview. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121863. [PMID: 35643347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adagen, an enzyme replacement treatment for adenosine deaminase deficiency, was the first protein-polymer conjugate to be approved in early 1990s. Post this regulatory approval, numerous polymeric drugs and polymeric nanoparticles have entered the market as advanced or next-generation polymer-based therapeutics, while many others have currently been tested clinically. The polymer conjugation to therapeutic moiety offers several advantages, like enhanced solubilization of drug, controlled release, reduced immunogenicity, and prolonged circulation. The present review intends to highlight considerations in the design of therapeutically effective polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs), including the choice of linker chemistry. The potential synthetic strategies to formulate PDCs have been discussed along with recent advancements in the different types of PDCs, i.e., polymer-small molecular weight drug conjugates, polymer-protein conjugates, and stimuli-responsive PDCs, which are under clinical/preclinical investigation. Current impediments and regulatory hurdles hindering the clinical translation of PDC into effective therapeutic regimens for the amelioration of disease conditions have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Javia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Jigar Vanza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat-388421, India
| | - Denish Bardoliwala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra-425405, Indi
| | - Mrunali Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat-388421, India
| | - Hetal Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India.
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Bobde Y, Biswas S, Ghosh B. Current trends in the development of HPMA-based block copolymeric nanoparticles for their application in drug delivery. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Kopeček J, Yang J. Polymer nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:40-64. [PMID: 32735811 PMCID: PMC7736172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanomedicines (macromolecular therapeutics, polymer-drug conjugates, drug-free macromolecular therapeutics) are a group of biologically active compounds that are characterized by their large molecular weight. This review focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble macromolecules with low molecular weight drugs and selected proteins. After analyzing the design principles, different structures of polymer carriers are discussed followed by the examination of the efficacy of the conjugates in animal models and challenges for their translation into the clinic. Two innovative directions in macromolecular therapeutics that depend on receptor crosslinking are highlighted: a) Combination chemotherapy of backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates with immune checkpoint blockade by multivalent polymer peptide antagonists; and b) Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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11
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Rothe R, Hauser S, Neuber C, Laube M, Schulze S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant Drug-Assisted Bone Healing: Advances and Challenges in Drug Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E428. [PMID: 32384753 PMCID: PMC7284517 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects of critical size after compound fractures, infections, or tumor resections are a challenge in treatment. Particularly, this applies to bone defects in patients with impaired bone healing due to frequently occurring metabolic diseases (above all diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis), chronic inflammation, and cancer. Adjuvant therapeutic agents such as recombinant growth factors, lipid mediators, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, and proangiogenics as well as other promising anti-resorptive and anabolic molecules contribute to improving bone healing in these disorders, especially when they are released in a targeted and controlled manner during crucial bone healing phases. In this regard, the development of smart biocompatible and biostable polymers such as implant coatings, scaffolds, or particle-based materials for drug release is crucial. Innovative chemical, physico- and biochemical approaches for controlled tailor-made degradation or the stimulus-responsive release of substances from these materials, and more, are advantageous. In this review, we discuss current developments, progress, but also pitfalls and setbacks of such approaches in supporting or controlling bone healing. The focus is on the critical evaluation of recent preclinical studies investigating different carrier systems, dual- or co-delivery systems as well as triggered- or targeted delivery systems for release of a panoply of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Zeng Y, Hoque J, Varghese S. Biomaterial-assisted local and systemic delivery of bioactive agents for bone repair. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:152-168. [PMID: 30711659 PMCID: PMC6615988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although bone tissues possess an intrinsic capacity for repair, there are cases where bone healing is either impaired or insufficient, such as fracture non-union, osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, and cancers. In these cases, treatments like surgical interventions are used, either alone or in combination with bioactive agents, to promote tissue repair and manage associated clinical complications. Improving the efficacy of bioactive agents often requires carriers, with biomaterials being a pivotal player. In this review, we discuss the role of biomaterials in realizing the local and systemic delivery of biomolecules to the bone tissue. The versatility of biomaterials enables design of carriers with the desired loading efficiency, release profile, and on-demand delivery. Besides local administration, systemic administration of drugs is necessary to combat diseases like osteoporosis, warranting bone-targeting drug delivery systems. Thus, chemical moieties with the affinity towards bone extracellular matrix components like apatite minerals have been widely utilized to create bone-targeting carriers with better biodistribution, which cannot be achieved by the drugs alone. Bone-targeting carriers combined with the desired drugs or bioactive agents have been extensively investigated to enhance bone healing while minimizing off-target effects. Herein, these advancements in the field have been systematically reviewed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Drug delivery is imperative when surgical interventions are not sufficient to address various bone diseases/defects. Biomaterial-assisted delivery systems have been designed to provide drugs with the desired loading efficiency, sustained release, and on-demand delivery to enhance bone healing. By surveying recent advances in the field, this review outlines the design of biomaterials as carriers for the local and systemic delivery of bioactive agents to the bone tissue. Particularly, biomaterials that bear chemical moieties with affinity to bone are attractive, as they can present the desired bioactive agents to the bone tissue efficiently and thus enhance the drug efficacy for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jiaul Hoque
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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Ekladious I, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Polymer–drug conjugate therapeutics: advances, insights and prospects. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 18:273-294. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Alsuraifi A, Curtis A, Lamprou DA, Hoskins C. Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E136. [PMID: 30131473 PMCID: PMC6161138 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale polymers systems have dominated the revolution of drug delivery advancement. Their potential in the fight against cancer is unrivalled with other technologies. Their functionality increase, targeting ability and stimuli responsive nature have led to a major boom in research focus. This review article concentrates on the use of these smart polymers in cancer therapy. Nanotechnologies have shown potential as drug carriers leading to increased drug efficacy and penetration. Multifunctional smart carriers which can release their payload upon an external or internal trigger such as pH or temperature are proving to be major frontrunners in the development of effective strategies to overcome this disease with minimal patient side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsuraifi
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | - Anthony Curtis
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | | | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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15
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Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for delivery of bone therapeutics – Barriers and progresses. J Control Release 2018; 273:51-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Vinciguerra D, Tran J, Nicolas J. Telechelic polymers from reversible-deactivation radical polymerization for biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:228-240. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the synthesis of telechelic polymers by reversible-activation radical polymerization for biomedical applications are covered spanning from drug delivery and targeting to theranostics and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vinciguerra
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR CNRS 8612
- Univ Paris-Sud
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex
| | - Johanna Tran
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR CNRS 8612
- Univ Paris-Sud
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR CNRS 8612
- Univ Paris-Sud
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex
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17
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Newman MR, Russell SG, Schmitt CS, Marozas IA, Sheu TJ, Puzas JE, Benoit DSW. Multivalent Presentation of Peptide Targeting Groups Alters Polymer Biodistribution to Target Tissues. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:71-84. [PMID: 29227674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to bone is challenging, whereby drug distribution is commonly <1% of injected dose, despite development of several bone-targeted drug delivery systems specific to hydroxyapatite. These bone-targeted drug delivery systems still suffer from poor target cell localization within bone, as at any given time overall bone volume is far greater than acutely remodeling bone volume, which harbors relevant cell targets (osteoclasts or osteoblasts). Thus, there exists a need to target bone-acting drugs specifically to sites of bone remodeling. To address this need, this study synthesized oligo(ethylene glycol) copolymers based on a peptide with high affinity to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), an enzyme deposited by osteoclasts during the bone resorption phase of bone remodeling, which provides greater specificity relevant for bone cell drugging. Gradient and random peptide orientations, as well as polymer molecular weights, were investigated. TRAP-targeted, high molecular weight (Mn) random copolymers exhibited superior accumulation in remodeling bone, where fracture accumulation was observed for at least 1 week and accounted for 14% of tissue distribution. Intermediate and low Mn random copolymer accumulation was lower, indicating residence time depends on Mn. High Mn gradient polymers were cleared, with only 2% persisting at fractures after 1 week, suggesting TRAP binding depends on peptide density. Peptide density and Mn are easily modified in this versatile targeting platform, which can be applied to a range of bone drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen R Newman
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Steven G Russell
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Christopher S Schmitt
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Ian A Marozas
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - J Edward Puzas
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, ∥Department of Orthopaedics, ¶Center for Oral Biology, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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18
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Hu X, Sun A, Kang W, Zhou Q. Strategies and knowledge gaps for improving nanomaterial biocompatibility. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 102:177-189. [PMID: 28318601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, nanosafety has attracted wide attention in all fields related to nanotechnology. As well known, a grand challenge in nanomaterial applications is their biocompatibility. It is urgent to explore effective strategies to control the unintentional effects. Although many novel methods for the synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials are reported, the control strategy of nanotoxicity remains in its infancy. It is urgent to review the archived strategies for improving nanomaterial biocompatibility to clarify what we have done and where we should be. In this review, the achievements and challenges in nanomaterial structure/surface modifications and size/shape controls were analyzed. Moreover, the chemical and biological strategies to make nanomaterial more biocompatible and biodegradable were compared. Finally, the concerns that have not been studied well were prospected, involving unintended releases, life-cycle, occupational exposure and methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weilu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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19
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Fan W, Zhang W, Jia Y, Brusnahan SK, Garrison JC. Investigation into the Biological Impact of Block Size on Cathepsin S-Degradable HPMA Copolymers. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1405-1417. [PMID: 28263073 PMCID: PMC5507698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers have been studied as an efficient carrier for drug delivery and tumor imaging. However, as with many macromolecular platforms, the substantial accumulation of HPMA copolymer by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-associated tissues, such as the blood, liver, and spleen, has inhibited its clinical translation. Our laboratory is pursuing approaches to improve the diagnostic and radiotherapeutic effectiveness of HPMA copolymers by reducing the nontarget accumulation. Specifically, we have been investigating the use of a cathepsin S (Cat S)-cleavable peptidic linkers to degrade multiblock HPMA copolymers to increase MPS-associated tissue clearance. In this study, we further our investigation into this area by exploring the impact of copolymer block size on the biological performance of Cat S-degradable HPMA copolymers. Using a variety of in vitro and in vivo techniques, including dual labeling of the copolymer and peptide components, we investigated the constructs using HPAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma models. The smaller copolymer block size (S-CMP) demonstrated significantly faster Cat S cleavage kinetics relative to the larger system (L-CMP). Confocal microscopy demonstrated that both constructs could be much more efficiently internalized by human monocyte-differentiated macrophage (hMDM) compared to HPAC cells. In the biodistribution studies, the multiblock copolymers with a smaller block size exhibited faster clearance and lower nontarget retention while still achieving good tumor targeting and retention. Based on the radioisotopic ratios, fragmentation and clearance of the copolymer constructs were higher in the liver compared to the spleen and tumor. Overall, these results indicate that block size plays an important role in the biological performance of Cat S-degradable polymeric constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Susan K. Brusnahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Jered C. Garrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
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20
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Yang J, Zhang R, Pan H, Li Y, Fang Y, Zhang L, Kopeček J. Backbone Degradable N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer Conjugates with Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel: Impact of Molecular Weight on Activity toward Human Ovarian Carcinoma Xenografts. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1384-1394. [PMID: 28094954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Degradable diblock and multiblock (tetrablock and hexablock) N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-gemcitabine (GEM) and -paclitaxel (PTX) conjugates were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transter (RAFT) copolymerization followed by click reaction for preclinical investigation. The aim was to validate the hypothesis that long-circulating conjugates are needed to generate a sustained concentration gradient between vasculature and a solid tumor and result in significant anticancer effect. To evaluate the impact of molecular weight of the conjugates on treatment efficacy, diblock, tetrablock, and hexablock GEM and PTX conjugates were administered intravenously to nude mice bearing A2780 human ovarian xenografts. For GEM conjugates, triple doses with dosage 5 mg/kg were given on days 0, 7, and 14 (q7dx3), whereas a single dose regime with 20 mg/kg was applied on day 0 for PTX conjugates treatment. The most effective conjugates for each monotherapy were the diblock ones, 2P-GEM and 2P-PTX (Mw ≈ 100 kDa). Increasing the Mw to 200 or 300 kDa resulted in decrease of activity most probably due to changes in the conformation of the macromolecule because of interaction of hydrophobic residues at side chain termini and formation of "unimer micelles". In addition to monotherapy, a sequential combination treatment of diblock PTX conjugate followed by GEM conjugate (2P-PTX/2P-GEM) was also performed, which showed the best tumor growth inhibition due to synergistic effect: complete remission was achieved after the first treatment cycle. However, because of low dose applied, tumor recurrence was observed 2 weeks after cease of treatment. To assess optimal route of administration, intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of 2P-GEM, 2P-PTX, and their combination was examined. The fact that the highest anticancer efficiency was achieved with diblock conjugates that can be synthesized in one scalable step bodes well for the translation into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- TheraTarget, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | | | - Huaizhong Pan
- TheraTarget, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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21
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Tardy A, Nicolas J, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y. Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Scope, Limitations, and Application to (Bio)Degradable Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1319-1406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
UMR 7273, campus Saint Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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22
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Design of smart HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicines. J Control Release 2016; 240:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang J, Wang J, Kopeček J. Indium-based and iodine-based labeling of HPMA copolymer-epirubicin conjugates: Impact of structure on the in vivo fate. J Control Release 2016; 235:306-318. [PMID: 27266365 PMCID: PMC5061135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed 2nd generation backbone degradable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-drug conjugates which contain enzymatically cleavable sequences (GFLG) in both polymeric backbone and side-chains. This design allows using polymeric carriers with molecular weights above renal threshold without impairing their biocompatibility, thereby leading to significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy. For example, 2nd generation HPMA copolymer-epirubicin (EPI) conjugates (2P-EPI) demonstrated complete tumor regression in the treatment of mice bearing ovarian carcinoma. To obtain a better understanding of the in vivo fate of this system, we developed a dual-labeling strategy to simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the polymer carrier and drug EPI. First, we synthesized two different types of dual-radiolabeled conjugates, including 1) (111)In-2P-EPI-(125)I (polymeric carrier 2P was radiolabeled with (111)In and drug EPI with (125)I), and 2) (125)I-2P-EPI-(111)In (polymeric carrier 2P was radiolabeled with (125)I and drug EPI with (111)In). Then, we compared the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of these two dual-labeled conjugates in female nude mice bearing A2780 human ovarian carcinoma. There was no significant difference in the blood circulation between polymeric carrier and payload; the carriers ((111)In-2P and (125)I-2P) showed similar retention of radioactivity in both tumor and major organs except kidney. However, compared to (111)In-labeled payload EPI, (125)I-labeled EPI showed lower radioactivity in normal organs and tumor at 48h and 144h after intravenous administration of conjugates. This may be due to different drug release rates resulting from steric hindrance to the formation of enzyme-substrate complex as indicated by cleavage experiments with lysosomal enzymes (Tritosomes). A slower release rate of EPI(DTPA)(111)In than EPI(Tyr)(125)I was observed. It may be also due to in vivo catabolism and subsequent iodine loss as literature reported. Nevertheless, tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios of both radionuclides were comparable, indicating that drug-labeling strategy does not affect the tumor targeting ability of HPMA copolymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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24
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Mužíková G, Pola R, Laga R, Pechar M. Biodegradable Multiblock Polymers Based onN-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Designed as Drug Carriers for Tumor-Targeted Delivery. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mužíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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25
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Zhang R, Yang J, Radford DC, Fang Y, Kopeček J. FRET Imaging of Enzyme-Responsive HPMA Copolymer Conjugate. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27198936 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is applied to investigate the enzyme-responsive payload release from a macromolecular therapeutic. The donor Cy5 is attached to the N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer backbone and the acceptor Cy7 is bound to the termini of enzyme-sensitive peptide side chains. Upon exposure to an enzyme, the bond between the peptide and Cy7 is cleaved, thereby leading to the loss of FRET signal. This enzyme response is visualized at the cell, tissue and whole-body levels. The in vitro results demonstrate that high expression of cathepsin B in tumor cells induces effective release of the drug model from conjugates resulting in a high concentration of payload inside tumor cells. The in vivo and ex vivo images show that the conjugate releases drug model faster in the ovarian tumor than in the normal tissues. The information will enhance the understanding of enzyme-responsive polymer carriers and help to shape their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Yixin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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26
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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27
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Li L, Sun W, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Time-staggered delivery of docetaxel and H1-S6A,F8A peptide for sequential dual-strike chemotherapy through tumor priming and nuclear targeting. J Control Release 2016; 232:62-74. [PMID: 27098443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While highly effective for slowing cancer progression in principle, the c-Myc inhibitor peptide H1-S6A,F8A (H1) has not performed well in tumor studies, in part because it does not pass efficiently through the nuclear envelope. Here we describe a dual-strike strategy in which tumor cells were treated first with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-docetaxel (DTX) conjugates (P-DTX), which arrested cells in the G2/M phase and prolonged the period when the nuclear membrane was disassembled. In the second strike, the cells were then treated with P-H1 conjugates, which entered the nucleus and efficiently inhibited c-Myc. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the combination of P-DTX and P-H1 conjugates was sequence-dependent, and P-DTX followed by P-H1 had synergism, which was significantly more effective than reverse sequential delivery, simultaneous co-delivery or monotherapy with P-DTX or P-H1 alone. The in vivo studies showed that sequential delivery of P-DTX followed by P-H1 remarkably slowed the tumor growth and improved the animal survival. This sequential, dual-strike approach provides new opportunities for nuclear-targeted anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Newman MR, Benoit DS. Local and targeted drug delivery for bone regeneration. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:125-132. [PMID: 27064433 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While experimental bone regeneration approaches commonly employ cells, technological hurdles prevent translation of these therapies. Alternatively, emulating the spatiotemporal cascade of endogenous factors through controlled drug delivery may provide superior bone regenerative approaches. Surgically placed drug depots have clinical indications. Additionally, noninvasive systemic delivery can be used as needed for poorly healing bone injuries. However, a major hurdle for systemic delivery is poor bone biodistribution of drugs. Thus, peptides, aptamers, and phosphate-rich compounds with specificity toward proteins, cells, and molecules within the regenerative bone microenvironment may enable the design of targeted carriers with bone biodistribution greater than that achieved by drug alone. These carriers, combined with osteoregenerative drugs and/or stimuli-sensitive linkers, may enhance bone regeneration while minimizing off-target tissue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen R Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Sw Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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29
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Delplace V, Nicolas J. Degradable vinyl polymers for biomedical applications. Nat Chem 2015; 7:771-84. [PMID: 26391076 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl polymers have been the focus of intensive research over the past few decades and are attractive materials owing to their ease of synthesis and their broad diversity of architectures, compositions and functionalities. Their carbon-carbon backbones are extremely resistant to degradation, however, and this property limits their uses. Degradable polymers are an important field of research in polymer science and have been used in a wide range of applications spanning from (nano)medicine to microelectronics and environmental protection. The development of synthetic strategies to enable complete or partial degradation of vinyl polymers is, therefore, of great importance because it will offer new opportunities for the application of these materials. This Review captures the most recent and promising approaches to the design of degradable vinyl polymers and discusses the potential of these materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Delplace
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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Abstract
This overview intends to demonstrate the close relationship between the design of smart biomaterials and water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates. First, the discovery and systematic studies of hydrogels based on crosslinked poly(meth)acrylic acid esters and substituted amides is described. Then, the lessons learned for the design of water-soluble polymers as drug carriers are highlighted. The current state-of-the-art in water-soluble, mainly poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacylamide (HPMA), polymer-drug conjugates is shown including the design of backbone degradable HPMA copolymer carriers. In the second part, the modern design of hybrid hydrogels focuses on the self-assembly of hybrid copolymers composed from the synthetic part (backbone) and biorecognizable grafts (coiled-coil forming peptides or morpholino oligonucleotides) is shown. The research of self-assembling hydrogels inspired the invention and design of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics - a new paradigm in drug delivery where crosslinking of non-internalizating CD20 receptors results in apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The latter is mediated by biorecognition of complementary motifs; no low molecular weight drug is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Low SA, Galliford CV, Yang J, Low PS, Kopeček J. Biodistribution of Fracture-Targeted GSK3β Inhibitor-Loaded Micelles for Improved Fracture Healing. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3145-53. [PMID: 26331790 PMCID: PMC4800810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly. Complications associated with osteoporosis drugs and the age of the patient slow bone turnover and render such fractures difficult to heal. Increasing the speed of fracture repair by administration of a fracture-targeted bone anabolic agent could find considerable application. Aspartic acid oligopeptides are negatively charged molecules at physiological pH that adsorb to hydroxyapatite, the mineral portion of bone. This general adsorption is the strongest where bone turnover is highest or where hydroxyapatite is freshly exposed. Importantly, both of these conditions are prominent at fracture sites. GSK3β inhibitors are potent anabolic agents that can promote tissue repair when concentrated in a damaged tissue. Unfortunately, they can also cause significant toxicity when administered systemically and are furthermore difficult to deliver due to their strong hydrophobicity. In this paper, we solve both problems by conjugating the hydrophobic GSK3β inhibitor to a hydrophilic aspartic acid octapeptide using a hydrolyzable bond, thereby generating a bone fracture-targeted water-soluble form of the drug. The resulting amphiphile is shown to assemble into micelles, extending its circulation time while maintaining its fracture-targeting abilities. For measurement of pharmacokinetics, an 125I was introduced at the location of the bromine in the GSK3β inhibitor to minimize any structural differences. Biodistribution studies demonstrate a greater than 4-fold increase in fracture accumulation over healthy bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A. Low
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Chris V. Galliford
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Yang J, Zhang R, Radford DC, Kopeček J. FRET-trackable biodegradable HPMA copolymer-epirubicin conjugates for ovarian carcinoma therapy. J Control Release 2015; 218:36-44. [PMID: 26410808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop a biodegradable polymeric drug delivery system for the treatment of ovarian cancer with the capacity for non-invasive fate monitoring, we designed and synthesized N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-epirubicin (EPI) conjugates. The polymer backbone was labeled with acceptor fluorophore Cy5, while donor fluorophores (Cy3 or EPI) were attached to HPMA copolymer side chains via an enzyme-cleavable GFLG linker. This design allows elucidating separately the fate of the drug and of the polymer backbone using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The degradable diblock conjugate (2P-EPI) was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a bifunctional chain transfer agent (Peptide2CTA). The pharmacokinetics (PK) and therapeutic effect of 2P-EPI (Mw ~100 kDa) were determined in mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma A2780 xenografts. Compared to 1st generation conjugate (P-EPI, Mw <50 kDa), 2P-EPI demonstrated remarkably improved PK such as fourfold terminal half-life (33.22 ± 3.18 h for 2P-EPI vs. 7.55 ± 3.18 h for P-EPI), which is primarily attributed to the increased molecular weight of the polymer carrier. Notably, complete tumor remission and long-term inhibition of tumorigenesis (100 days) were achieved in mice (n=5) treated with 2P-EPI. Moreover, in vitro cell uptake and intracellular drug release were determined via FRET intensity changes. The results establish a solid foundation for future in vivo tracking of drug delivery and chain scission of polymeric conjugates by FRET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Kyllönen L, D’Este M, Alini M, Eglin D. Local drug delivery for enhancing fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:412-34. [PMID: 25218339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with osteoporosis and inflict a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Moreover, treatment of an osteoporotic fracture is challenging due to the decreased strength of the surrounding bone and suboptimal healing capacity, predisposing both to fixation failure and non-union. Whereas a systemic osteoporosis treatment acts slowly, local release of osteogenic agents in osteoporotic fracture would act rapidly to increase bone strength and quality, as well as to reduce the bone healing period and prevent development of a problematic non-union. The identification of agents with potential to stimulate bone formation and improve implant fixation strength in osteoporotic bone has raised hope for the fast augmentation of osteoporotic fractures. Stimulation of bone formation by local delivery of growth factors is an approach already in clinical use for the treatment of non-unions, and could be utilized for osteoporotic fractures as well. Small molecules have also gained ground as stable and inexpensive compounds to enhance bone formation and tackle osteoporosis. The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on local drug delivery in osteoporotic fractures. Advantages, disadvantages and underlying molecular mechanisms of different active species for local bone healing in osteoporotic bone are discussed. This review also identifies promising new candidate molecules and innovative approaches for the local drug delivery in osteoporotic bone.
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2014; 190:288-303. [PMID: 24747162 PMCID: PMC4142088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates and macromolecules that possess biological activity without attached low molecular weight drugs. The main design principles of traditional and backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates as well as the development of a new paradigm in nanomedicines - (low molecular weight) drug-free macromolecular therapeutics are discussed. To address the biological features of cancer, macromolecular therapeutics directed to stem/progenitor cells and the tumor microenvironment are deliberated. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
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Duangjai A, Luo K, Zhou Y, Yang J, Kopeček J. Combination cytotoxicity of backbone degradable HPMA copolymer gemcitabine and platinum conjugates toward human ovarian carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 87:187-96. [PMID: 24316339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiblock, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates containing gemcitabine and DACH platinum (mP-GEM and mP-DACH Pt), respectively were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and subsequent chain extension by click chemistry. Using combination index analysis, the cytotoxicities of the two multiblock conjugates, as single agent and in combination, were evaluated in vitro in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells, with free drugs as controls. The greatest synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed when A2780 cells were sequentially exposed to mP-GEM for 24h and mP-DACH Pt for 48h. In addition, mechanistic studies support the rationale of the synergy between mP-GEM and mP-DACH Pt: mP-GEM pretreatment was able to enhance the platinum-DNA adduct accumulation and inhibit cell proliferation to a higher extent than single mP-DACH Pt treatment. These observations are useful for the development of combination macromolecular therapeutics for ovarian cancer based on the second-generation backbone degradable HPMA copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Duangjai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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36
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Yang Y, Pan D, Luo K, Li L, Gu Z. Biodegradable and amphiphilic block copolymer–doxorubicin conjugate as polymeric nanoscale drug delivery vehicle for breast cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8430-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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