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Karaca MA, Kancagi DD, Ozbek U, Ovali E, Gok O. Betulin Stimulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Osteoblasts-Loaded Alginate-Gelatin Microbeads. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:553. [PMID: 38927789 PMCID: PMC11201098 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a terminal illness, has emerged as a global public health problem in recent years. The long-term use of bone anabolic drugs to treat osteoporosis causes multi-morbidity in elderly patients. Alternative therapies, such as allogenic and autogenic tissue grafts, face important issues, such as a limited source of allogenic grafts and tissue rejection in autogenic grafts. However, stem cell therapy has been shown to increase bone regeneration and decrease osteoporotic bone formation. Stem cell therapy combined with betulin (BET) supplementation might be adequate for bone remodeling and new bone tissue generation. In this study, the effect of BET on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of hFOB 1.19 cells was investigated. The cells were encapsulated in alginate-gelatin (AlGel) microbeads. In vitro tests were conducted during the 12 d of incubation. While BET showed cytotoxic activity (>1 µM) toward non-encapsulated hFOB 1.19 cells, encapsulated cells retained their functionality for up to 12 days, even at 5 µM BET. Moreover, the expression of osteogenic markers indicates an enhanced osteo-inductive effect of betulin on encapsulated hFOB 1.19, compared to the non-encapsulated cell culture. The 3D micro-environment of the AlGel microcapsules successfully protects the hFOB 1.19 cells against BET cytotoxicity, allowing BET to improve the mineralization and differentiation of osteoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Karaca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Derya Dilek Kancagi
- Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (D.D.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ugur Ozbek
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ercument Ovali
- Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (D.D.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ozgul Gok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Samadi A, Moammeri A, Azimi S, Bustillo-Perez BM, Mohammadi MR. Biomaterial engineering for cell transplantation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213775. [PMID: 38252986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The current paradigm of medicine is mostly designed to block or prevent pathological events. Once the disease-led tissue damage occurs, the limited endogenous regeneration may lead to depletion or loss of function for cells in the tissues. Cell therapy is rapidly evolving and influencing the field of medicine, where in some instances attempts to address cell loss in the body. Due to their biological function, engineerability, and their responsiveness to stimuli, cells are ideal candidates for therapeutic applications in many cases. Such promise is yet to be fully obtained as delivery of cells that functionally integrate with the desired tissues upon transplantation is still a topic of scientific research and development. Main known impediments for cell therapy include mechanical insults, cell viability, host's immune response, and lack of required nutrients for the transplanted cells. These challenges could be divided into three different steps: 1) Prior to, 2) during the and 3) after the transplantation procedure. In this review, we attempt to briefly summarize published approaches employing biomaterials to mitigate the above technical challenges. Biomaterials are offering an engineerable platform that could be tuned for different classes of cell transplantation to potentially enhance and lengthen the pharmacodynamics of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmasoud Samadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building (ISEB), Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ali Moammeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Shamim Azimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bexi M Bustillo-Perez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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3
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Hamilton M, Wang J, Dhar P, Stehno-Bittel L. Controlled-Release Hydrogel Microspheres to Deliver Multipotent Stem Cells for Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1315. [PMID: 38002439 PMCID: PMC10669156 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease affecting articular cartilage and peri-articular tissues. Traditional treatments are insufficient, as they are aimed at mitigating symptoms. Multipotent Stromal Cell (MSC) therapy has been proposed as a treatment capable of both preventing cartilage destruction and treating symptoms. While many studies have investigated MSCs for treating OA, therapeutic success is often inconsistent due to low MSC viability and retention in the joint. To address this, biomaterial-assisted delivery is of interest, particularly hydrogel microspheres, which can be easily injected into the joint. Microspheres composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) were created as MSC delivery vehicles. Microrheology measurements indicated that the microspheres had structural integrity alongside sufficient permeability. Additionally, encapsulated MSC viability was found to be above 70% over one week in culture. Gene expression analysis of MSC-identifying markers showed no change in CD29 levels, increased expression of CD44, and decreased expression of CD90 after one week of encapsulation. Analysis of chondrogenic markers showed increased expressions of aggrecan (ACAN) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and decreased expression of osteogenic markers, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). In vivo analysis revealed that HA microspheres remained in the joint for up to 6 weeks. Rats that had undergone destabilization of the medial meniscus and had overt OA were treated with empty HA microspheres, MSC-laden microspheres, MSCs alone, or a control vehicle. Pain measurements taken before and after the treatment illustrated temporarily decreased pain in groups treated with encapsulated cells. Finally, the histopathological scoring of each group illustrated significantly less OA damage in those treated with encapsulated cells compared to controls. Overall, these studies demonstrate the potential of using HA-based hydrogel microspheres to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hamilton
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Likarda, Kansas City, MO 64137, USA;
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Likarda, Kansas City, MO 64137, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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Huang Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Bi S, Zhou K, Li H, Zhou C, Wang Y, Wu W, Peng B, Tang J, Pan B, Wang B, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang Z. The application and progress of tissue engineering and biomaterial scaffolds for total auricular reconstruction in microtia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1089031. [PMID: 37811379 PMCID: PMC10556751 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1089031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtia is a congenital deformity of the ear with an incidence of about 0.8-4.2 per 10,000 births. Total auricular reconstruction is the preferred treatment of microtia at present, and one of the core technologies is the preparation of cartilage scaffolds. Autologous costal cartilage is recognized as the best material source for constructing scaffold platforms. However, costal cartilage harvest can lead to donor-site injuries such as pneumothorax, postoperative pain, chest wall scar and deformity. Therefore, with the need of alternative to autologous cartilage, in vitro and in vivo studies of biomaterial scaffolds and cartilage tissue engineering have gradually become novel research hot points in auricular reconstruction research. Tissue-engineered cartilage possesses obvious advantages including non-rejection, minimally invasive or non-invasive, the potential of large-scale production to ensure sufficient donors and controllable morphology. Exploration and advancements of tissue-engineered cartilaginous framework are also emerging in aspects including three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds, acquisition of seed cells and chondrocytes, 3D printing techniques, inducing factors for chondrogenesis and so on, which has greatly promoted the research process of biomaterial substitute. This review discussed the development, current application and research progress of cartilage tissue engineering in auricular reconstruction, particularly the usage and creation of biomaterial scaffolds. The development and selection of various types of seed cells and inducing factors to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in auricular cartilage were also highlighted. There are still confronted challenges before the clinical application becomes widely available for patients, and its long-term effect remains to be evaluated. We hope to provide guidance for future research directions of biomaterials as an alternative to autologous cartilage in ear reconstruction, and finally benefit the transformation and clinical application of cartilage tissue engineering and biomaterials in microtia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqian Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxing Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwei Bi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyun Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gu Y, Hu Y, Huang S, Ruiz S, Kawai T, Bai Y, Han X. CpG ODN/Mangiferin Dual Delivery through Calcium Alginate Hydrogels Inhibits Immune-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Promotes Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:976. [PMID: 37508406 PMCID: PMC10376397 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the skeletal system during bone repair and regeneration. The controlled release of biological factors from the immune system could facilitate and optimize the bone remodeling process through the regulation of the activities of bone cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of the controlled delivery of immunomodulatory biologicals on bone regeneration. Immunostimulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) and glucosylxanthone Mangiferin (MAG)-embedded microbeads were incubated with P. gingivalis-challenged splenocytes, or co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells. The effect of CpG ODN/MAG-containing microbeads on bone regeneration was then tested in vivo in a mouse alveolar bone defect model. The results demonstrated that MAG significantly antagonized P. gingivalis proliferation and reduced the live/dead cell ratio. After the addition of CpG ODN + MAG microbeads, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 were upregulated on day 2 but not day 4, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β responses showed no difference at both timepoints. RANKL production by splenocytes and TRAP+ cell formation of RAW264.7 cells were inhibited by the addition of CpG ODN + MAG microbeads. Alveolar bony defects, filled with CpG ODN + MAG microbeads, showed significantly increased new bone after 4 weeks. In summary, this study evaluated a new hydrogel-based regimen for the local delivery and controlled release of biologicals to repair and regenerate alveolar bony defects. The combined CpG ODN + MAG treatment may promote alveolar bone regeneration through the anti-microbial/anti-inflammatory effects and the inhibition of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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6
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Ahn SH, Borden LK, Bentley WE, Raghavan SR. Cell-Like Capsules with "Smart" Compartments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206693. [PMID: 36895073 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have inner compartments (organelles), each with distinct properties and functions. One mimic of this architecture, based on biopolymers, is the multicompartment capsule (MCC). Here, MCCs in which the inner compartments are chemically unique and "smart," i.e., responsive to distinct stimuli in an orthogonal manner are created. Specifically, one compartment alone is induced to degrade when the MCC is contacted with an enzyme while other compartments remain unaffected. Similarly, just one compartment gets degraded upon contact with reactive oxygen species generated from hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). And thirdly, one compartment alone is degraded by an external, physical stimulus, namely, by irradiating the MCC with ultraviolet (UV) light. All these specific responses are achieved without resorting to complicated chemistry to create the compartments: the multivalent cation used to crosslink the biopolymer alginate (Alg) is simply altered. Compartments of Alg crosslinked by Ca2+ are shown to be sensitive to enzymes (alginate lyases) but not to H2 O2 or UV, whereas the reverse is the case with Alg/Fe3+ compartments. These results imply the ability to selectively burst open a compartment in an MCC "on-demand" (i.e., as and when needed) and using biologically relevant stimuli. The results are then extended to a sequential degradation, where compartments in an MCC are degraded one after another, leaving behind an empty MCC lumen. Collectively, this work advances the MCC as a platform that not only emulates key features of cellular architecture, but can also begin to capture rudimentary cell-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Leah K Borden
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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7
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Atia GAN, Shalaby HK, Ali NG, Morsy SM, Ghobashy MM, Attia HAN, Barai P, Nady N, Kodous AS, Barai HR. New Challenges and Prospective Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioactive Polymeric Hydrogels in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:702. [PMID: 37242485 PMCID: PMC10224377 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, and dentistry offers enormous potential for enhancing treatment results and has been fueled by bioengineering breakthroughs over the previous few decades. Bioengineered tissues and constructing functional structures capable of healing, maintaining, and regenerating damaged tissues and organs have had a broad influence on medicine and dentistry. Approaches for combining bioinspired materials, cells, and therapeutic chemicals are critical in stimulating tissue regeneration or as medicinal systems. Because of its capacity to maintain an unique 3D form, offer physical stability for the cells in produced tissues, and replicate the native tissues, hydrogels have been utilized as one of the most frequent tissue engineering scaffolds during the last twenty years. Hydrogels' high water content can provide an excellent conditions for cell viability as well as an architecture that mimics real tissues, bone, and cartilage. Hydrogels have been used to enable cell immobilization and growth factor application. This paper summarizes the features, structure, synthesis and production methods, uses, new challenges, and future prospects of bioactive polymeric hydrogels in dental and osseous tissue engineering of clinical, exploring, systematical and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Hany K. Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez P.O. Box 43512, Egypt
| | - Naema Goda Ali
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mohammed Morsy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - Hager Abdel Nasser Attia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21526, Egypt
| | - Paritosh Barai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Norhan Nady
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Elarab, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S. Kodous
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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8
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Karaca MA, Kancagi DD, Ozbek U, Ovali E, Gok O. Preparation of Cell-Loaded Microbeads as Stable and Injectable Delivery Platforms for Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020155. [PMID: 37092407 PMCID: PMC10123749 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplants in therapeutic studies do not preserve their long-term function inside the donor body. In mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplants, transplanted cells disperse through the body and are prone to degradation by immune cells after the transplant process. Various strategies, such as usage of the immunosuppressive drugs to eliminate allograft rejection, are designed to increase the efficiency of cell therapy. Another strategy is the construction of biomimetic encapsulates using polymeric materials, which isolate stem cells and protect them from environmental effects. In this study, fibroblasts (L929) and MSCs were investigated for their improved viability and functionality once encapsulated inside the alginate microbeads under in vitro conditions for up to 12 days of incubation. Thus, uniform and injectable (<200 µm) cell-loaded microbeads were constructed by the electrostatically assisted spraying technique. Results showed that both L929 and MSCs cells continue their metabolic activity inside the microbeads during the incubation periods. Glucose consumption and lactic acid production levels of both cell lines were consistently observed. The released cell number on day 12 was found to be increased compared to day 0. Protein expression levels of both groups increased every day with the expected doubling rate. Hence, this strategy with a simple yet clever design to encapsulate either MSCs or L929 cells might outstand as a potential cell delivery platform for cell therapy-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Karaca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | | | - Ugur Ozbek
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ercument Ovali
- Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Gok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
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Ding SL, Liu X, Zhao XY, Wang KT, Xiong W, Gao ZL, Sun CY, Jia MX, Li C, Gu Q, Zhang MZ. Microcarriers in application for cartilage tissue engineering: Recent progress and challenges. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:81-108. [PMID: 35386447 PMCID: PMC8958326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful regeneration of cartilage tissue at a clinical scale has been a tremendous challenge in the past decades. Microcarriers (MCs), usually used for cell and drug delivery, have been studied broadly across a wide range of medical fields, especially the cartilage tissue engineering (TE). Notably, microcarrier systems provide an attractive method for regulating cell phenotype and microtissue maturations, they also serve as powerful injectable carriers and are combined with new technologies for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we introduced the typical methods to fabricate various types of microcarriers and discussed the appropriate materials for microcarriers. Furthermore, we highlighted recent progress of applications and general design principle for microcarriers. Finally, we summarized the current challenges and promising prospects of microcarrier-based systems for medical applications. Overall, this review provides comprehensive and systematic guidelines for the rational design and applications of microcarriers in cartilage TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Ding
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ke-Tao Wang
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Sun
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min-Xuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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10
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A Paradigm Shift in Tissue Engineering: From a Top–Down to a Bottom–Up Strategy. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) was initially designed to tackle clinical organ shortage problems. Although some engineered tissues have been successfully used for non-clinical applications, very few (e.g., reconstructed human skin) have been used for clinical purposes. As the current TE approach has not achieved much success regarding more broad and general clinical applications, organ shortage still remains a challenging issue. This very limited clinical application of TE can be attributed to the constraints in manufacturing fully functional tissues via the traditional top–down approach, where very limited cell types are seeded and cultured in scaffolds with equivalent sizes and morphologies as the target tissues. The newly proposed developmental engineering (DE) strategy towards the manufacture of fully functional tissues utilises a bottom–up approach to mimic developmental biology processes by implementing gradual tissue assembly alongside the growth of multiple cell types in modular scaffolds. This approach may overcome the constraints of the traditional top–down strategy as it can imitate in vivo-like tissue development processes. However, several essential issues must be considered, and more mechanistic insights of the fundamental, underpinning biological processes, such as cell–cell and cell–material interactions, are necessary. The aim of this review is to firstly introduce and compare the number of cell types, the size and morphology of the scaffolds, and the generic tissue reconstruction procedures utilised in the top–down and the bottom–up strategies; then, it will analyse their advantages, disadvantages, and challenges; and finally, it will briefly discuss the possible technologies that may overcome some of the inherent limitations of the bottom–up strategy.
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11
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Hariyadi DM, Islam N. Current Status of Alginate in Drug Delivery. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:8886095. [PMID: 32832902 PMCID: PMC7428837 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is one of the natural polymers that are often used in drug- and protein-delivery systems. The use of alginate can provide several advantages including ease of preparation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. It can be applied to various routes of drug administration including targeted or localized drug-delivery systems. The development of alginates as a selected polymer in various delivery systems can be adjusted depending on the challenges that must be overcome by drug or proteins or the system itself. The increased effectiveness and safety of sodium alginate in the drug- or protein-delivery system are evidenced by changing the physicochemical characteristics of the drug or proteins. In this review, various routes of alginate-based drug or protein delivery, the effectivity of alginate in the stem cells, and cell encapsulation have been discussed. The recent advances in the in vivo alginate-based drug-delivery systems as well as their toxicities have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Melani Hariyadi
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nazrul Islam
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Fuoco NL, de Oliveira RG, Marcelino MY, Stessuk T, Sakalem ME, Medina DAL, Modotti WP, Forte A, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Efficient isolation and proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in xeno-free conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2475-2486. [PMID: 32124173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Classical methods used for culture of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) use xenobiotic components, which may present a potential risk for biological contamination and/or elicit immunological reactions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a xeno-free methodology for the isolation and proliferation of human ADSCs (hADSCs). hADSCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion or mechanical dissociation and cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human platelet lysate. Proliferation curves were performed as a function of time from the cell culture and used to calculate the population doubling time. Immunophenotyping and differentiation tests were used to identify and characterize the hADSCs. Human ADSCs isolated and cultured in conventional or xenobiotic-free conditions peaked at different days but achieved similar maximum proliferation. The hADSCs differentiation ability was similar in all groups. The characterization of hADSCs by flow cytometry showed low contamination of the cultures by other cell types. The xenobiotic-free methodology described in this study is a feasible and reproducible alternative for isolation and proliferation of hADSCs. This methodology is in accordance with the recommendations of the National Health Surveillance Agency, which proposes avoidance of xenobiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Langenfeld Fuoco
- Biotechnology Interunits Post-Graduation Program, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guilen de Oliveira
- Biotechnology Interunits Post-Graduation Program, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Yonashiro Marcelino
- Biotechnology Interunits Post-Graduation Program, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Stessuk
- Biotechnology Interunits Post-Graduation Program, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marna Eliana Sakalem
- Genetics and Cell Therapy Laboratory (GenTe Cel), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andresa Forte
- São Lucas - Cell Therapy Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Genetics and Cell Therapy Laboratory (GenTe Cel), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Genética e Terapia Celular - GenTe Cel, Departamento de Biotecnologia - Unesp, Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, Assis, SP, CEP 19806-330, Brasil.
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13
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Clohessy RM, Cohen DJ, Stumbraite K, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. In vivo evaluation of an electrospun and 3D printed cellular delivery device for dermal wound healing. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2560-2570. [PMID: 32086992 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Burns and chronic wounds are especially challenging wounds to heal. In efforts to heal these wounds, physicians often use autologous skin grafts to help restore mechanical and barrier functionality to the wound area. These grafts are, by nature, limited in availability. In an effort to provide an alternative, we have developed an electrospun wound dressing designed to incorporate into the wound with the option to deliver a cellular payload. Here, a blend of poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) was electrospun as part of a custom fabrication method that incorporated 3D printed poly(vinyl alcohol) sacrificial elements. This preparation is unique compared to traditional electrospinning as sacrificial elements provide an internal void space for an injectable payload to be delivered to the wound site. When the construct was tested in vivo (full thickness excisional skin wounds), wound closure was slightly delayed by the presence of the scaffold in both normal and challenged wounds. Quality of healing was improved in normal wounds as measured by histomorphometrics when treated with the construct and exhibited increased neovascularization. Our results demonstrate that the extracellular matrix-like scaffold developed in this study is beneficial to healing of full thickness skin defects and may benefit challenged wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Clohessy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karolina Stumbraite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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14
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Francis NL, Zhao N, Calvelli HR, Saini A, Gifford JJ, Wagner GC, Cohen RI, Pang ZP, Moghe PV. Peptide-Based Scaffolds for the Culture and Transplantation of Human Dopaminergic Neurons. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:193-205. [PMID: 31537172 PMCID: PMC7044800 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the poor survival rate of transplanted neurons is a critical barrier to functional recovery. In this study, we used self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds (SAPNS) based on the peptide RADA16-I to support the in vitro maturation and in vivo post-transplantation survival of encapsulated human dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurons encapsulated within the SAPNS expressed mature neuronal and midbrain DA markers and demonstrated in vitro functional activity similar to neurons cultured in two dimensions. A microfluidic droplet generation method was used to encapsulate cells within monodisperse SAPNS microspheres, which were subsequently used to transplant adherent, functional networks of DA neurons into the striatum of a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned PD mouse model. SAPNS microspheres significantly increased the in vivo survival of encapsulated neurons compared with neurons transplanted in suspension, and they enabled significant recovery in motor function compared with control lesioned mice using approximately an order of magnitude fewer neurons than have been previously needed to demonstrate behavioral recovery. These results indicate that such biomaterial scaffolds can be used as neuronal transplantation vehicles to successfully improve the outcome of cell replacement therapies for PD. Impact Statement Transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons holds potential as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but low survival rates of transplanted neurons is a barrier to successfully improving motor function. In this study, we used hydrogel scaffolds to transplant DA neurons into PD model mice. The hydrogel scaffolds enhanced survival of the transplanted neurons compared with neurons that were transplanted in a conventional manner, and they also improved recovery of motor function by using significantly fewer neurons than have typically been transplanted to see functional benefits. This cell transplantation technology has the capability to improve the outcome of neuron transplantation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Hannah R. Calvelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Astha Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Janace J. Gifford
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - George C. Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rick I. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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15
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Leslie SK, Cohen DJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Production of osteogenic and angiogenic factors by microencapsulated adipose stem cells varies with culture conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1857-1867. [PMID: 31872938 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors produced by stem cells aid in the bone repair process. We investigated the ability of encapsulated rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs) treated with osteogenic media (OM) to produce growth factors, and determined the optimal combination of OM components that will lead to the production of both osteogenic and angiogenic factors. Our results demonstrate that microencapsulated stem cells were able to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) necessary for bone regeneration. OM led to the reduction of angiogenic factors; however, the removal of dexamethasone restored angiogenic factor production. Additionally, we determined whether the effect of dexamethasone on VEGF and BMP2 varied among rat, rabbit, mouse, and humans. Dexamethasone led to a reduction in VEGF levels in ASCs derived from rats, mice, and humans, while this reduction was absent in rabbit ASCs (rbASCs). Human ASCs (hASCs) from donors of different race and sex showed a similar response to dexamethasone with secreted VEGF levels. BMP2 levels secreted by rbASCs, mouse ASCs (mASCs), and hASCs were independent of the media treatments, while rASCs responded differently in the surrounding media and within the microbeads. In conclusion, microencapsulated ASCs can be treated to produce osteogenic and angiogenic factors for tissue regeneration applications, but outcomes may vary with culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirae K Leslie
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David Joshua Cohen
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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16
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Yao B, Hu T, Cui X, Song W, Fu X, Huang S. Enzymatically degradable alginate/gelatin bioink promotes cellular behavior and degradation in vitro and in vivo. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045020. [PMID: 31387086 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab38ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioink is of paramount importance in the process of three-dimensional extrusive bioprinting technology. Alginate is extensively used in cell-laden extrusive bioprinters with the advantage of biocompatibility, gelling and crosslinking features; however, the bioinert properties of alginate made it hard to degrade in vivo, and restrict cellular adhesion, extension and migration. In this study, we incorporated two concentrations of alginate lyase (0.5 mU ml-1 and 5 mU ml-1) into alginate/gelatin bioink to improve its degradation properties and effects on cellular behavior. The enzymatically degradable bioink demonstrated lower stiffness and higher porosity. Cellular proliferation, adhesion and extension were facilitated in the degradable bioink without sacrifice of cell viability. Additionally, the property of degradation still worked in vivo, with cellular infiltration and retention being observed in the grafted bioprinted constructs. The results suggest that alginate lyase could be incorporated into alginate/gelatin bioink. Degradation properties and cellular behavior could be promoted both in vitro and in vivo, providing a new avenue for the upgrade and modification of alginate-based bioink for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, the Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China. The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China. Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shi F, Nie Y, Liu T, Song K. Effects of concentration variation on the physical properties of alginate-based substrates and cell behavior in culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:184-195. [PMID: 30684581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays alginate capsules exhibit good biocompatibility and high permeability for nutrients and metabolic wastes making them appealing biomaterial for therapeutic cell encapsulation. Further study of the characteristics of alginate beads which are highly dependent on various environmental conditions to create an optimum microenvironment for cells is also critical. Thus, in this study, the effect of concentration variation on the physical properties of alginate-based beads and entrapped-cells behavior was analyzed. Results showed that the increase of Ca ions concentration brought about the decrease of the average diameter, prolongation of dissolution time, reduction of permeability and swelling, and a rise of crosslinking extent and shrinkage of capsules; while raising sodium alginate concentration had an opposite effect on the diameter and shrinkage. Moreover, the addition of gelatin enhanced the penetration and swelling and slowed down the shrinkage of capsules. And MC3T3-E1 cells enclosed in the particles in which the concentration of calcium chloride, sodium alginate and gelatin was 2.5%, 2.0% and 0.5% (w/v %) had preferable abilities of proliferation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase. Overall, the ability to tailor this system to support in vitro growth of MC3T3-E1 cells might have significance for the future use of other cell types in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Fangxin Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Technology Industries, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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18
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Newsom JP, Payne KA, Krebs MD. Microgels: Modular, tunable constructs for tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:32-41. [PMID: 30769137 PMCID: PMC6441611 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer microgels are emerging as a versatile tool for aiding in the regeneration of damaged tissues due to their biocompatible nature, tunable microporous structure, ability to encapsulate bioactive factors, and tailorable properties such as stiffness and composition. These properties of microgels, along with their injectability, have allowed for their utilization in a multitude of different tissue engineering applications. Controlled release of growth factors, antibodies, and other bioactive factors from microgels have demonstrated their capabilities as transporters for essential bioactive molecules necessary for guiding tissue reconstruction. Additionally, recent in vitro studies of cellular interaction and proliferation within microgel structures have laid the initial groundwork for regenerative tissue engineering using these materials. Microgels have even been crosslinked together in various ways or 3D printed to form three-dimensional scaffolds to support cell growth. In vivo studies of microgels have pioneered the clinical relevance of these novel and innovative materials for regenerative tissue engineering. This review will cover recent developments and research of microgels as they pertain to bioactive factor release, cellular interaction and proliferation in vitro, and tissue regeneration in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review is focused on state-of-the-art microgel technology and innovations within the tissue engineering field, focusing on the use of microgels in bioactive factor delivery and as cell-interactive scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo. Microgels are hydrogel microparticles that can be tuned based on the biopolymer from which they are derived, the crosslinking chemistry used, and the fabrication method. The emergence of microgels for tissue regeneration applications in recent years illuminates their versatility and applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Newsom
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Karin A Payne
- Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States.
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19
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Kim H, Bae C, Kook YM, Koh WG, Lee K, Park MH. Mesenchymal stem cell 3D encapsulation technologies for biomimetic microenvironment in tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30732645 PMCID: PMC6367797 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) encapsulation technique has long been emerged in tissue engineering as it plays an important role in implantation of stem cells to regenerate a damaged tissue. MSC encapsulation provides a mimic of a three-dimensional (3D) in vivo environment to maintain cell viability and to induce the stem cell differentiation which regulates MSC fate into multi-lineages. Moreover, the 3D matrix surrounding MSCs protects them from the human innate immune system and allows the diffusion of biomolecules such as oxygen, cytokines, and growth factors. Therefore, many technologies are being developed to create MSC encapsulation platforms with diverse materials, shapes, and sizes. The conditions of the platform are determined by the targeted tissue and translation method. This review introduces several details of MSC encapsulation technologies such as micromolding, electrostatic droplet extrusion, microfluidics, and bioprinting and their application for tissue regeneration. Lastly, some of the challenges and future direction of MSC encapsulation technologies as a cell therapy-based tissue regeneration method will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Bae
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Min Kook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Hee Park
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Cheng A, Schwartz Z, Kahn A, Li X, Shao Z, Sun M, Ao Y, Boyan BD, Chen H. Advances in Porous Scaffold Design for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2019; 25:14-29. [PMID: 30079807 PMCID: PMC6388715 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Challenges in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration affect millions of patients globally. Scaffolds for tissue engineering bone and cartilage provide promising solutions that increase healing and decrease need for complicated surgical procedures. Porous scaffolds have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional scaffolds. However, the success of advanced materials, use of biological factors, and manufacturing techniques can vary depending on use case. This review provides perspective on porous scaffold manufacturing, characterization and application, and can be used to inform future scaffold design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Adrian Kahn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhenxing Shao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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21
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Pan H, Zhang C, Wang T, Chen J, Sun SK. In Situ Fabrication of Intelligent Photothermal Indocyanine Green-Alginate Hydrogel for Localized Tumor Ablation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2782-2789. [PMID: 30584767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simplifying synthesis and administration process, improving photothermal agents' accumulation in tumors, and ensuring excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability are keys to promoting the clinical application of photothermal therapy. However, current photothermal agents have great difficulties in meeting the requirements of clinic drugs from synthesis to administration. Herein, we reported the in situ formation of a Ca2+/Mg2+ stimuli-responsive ICG-alginate hydrogel in vivo for localized tumor photothermal therapy. An ICG-alginate hydrogel can form by the simple introduction of Ca2+/Mg2+ into ICG-alginate solution in vitro, and the widely distributed divalent cations in organization in vivo enabled the in situ fabrication of the ICG-alginate hydrogel without the leakage of any agents by simple injection of ICG-alginate solution into the body of mice. The as-prepared ICG-alginate hydrogel not only owns good photothermal therapy efficacy and excellent biocompatibility but also exhibits strong ICG fixation ability, greatly benefiting the high photothermal agents' accumulation and minimizing the potential side effects induced by the diffusion of ICG to surrounding tissues. The in situ-fabricated ICG-alginate hydrogel was applied successfully in highly efficient PTT in vivo without obvious side effects. Besides, the precursor of the hydrogel, ICG and alginate, can be stored in a stable solid form, and only simple mixing and noninvasive injection are needed to achieve PTT in vivo. The proposed in situ gelation strategy using biocompatible components lays down a simple and mild way for the fabrication of high-performance PTT agents with the superiors in the aspects of synthesis, storage, transportation, and clinic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Pan
- Department of Radiology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin 300052 , China
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Medical Imaging , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300203 , China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- School of Medical Imaging , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300203 , China
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300203 , China
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22
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Bai X, Gao M, Syed S, Zhuang J, Xu X, Zhang XQ. Bioactive hydrogels for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:401-417. [PMID: 30003179 PMCID: PMC6038268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone self-healing is limited and generally requires external intervention to augment bone repair and regeneration. While traditional methods for repairing bone defects such as autografts, allografts, and xenografts have been widely used, they all have corresponding disadvantages, thus limiting their clinical use. Despite the development of a variety of biomaterials, including metal implants, calcium phosphate cements (CPC), hydroxyapatite, etc., the desired therapeutic effect is not fully achieved. Currently, polymeric scaffolds, particularly hydrogels, are of interest and their unique configurations and tunable physicochemical properties have been extensively studied. This review will focus on the applications of various cutting-edge bioactive hydrogels systems in bone regeneration, as well as their advantages and limitations. We will examine the composition and defects of the bone, discuss the current biomaterials for bone regeneration, and classify recently developed polymeric materials for hydrogel synthesis. We will also elaborate on the properties of desirable hydrogels as well as the fabrication techniques and different delivery strategies. Finally, the existing challenges, considerations, and the future prospective of hydrogels in bone regeneration will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Sahla Syed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Jerry Zhuang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
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Padil VVT, Wacławek S, Černík M, Varma RS. Tree gum-based renewable materials: Sustainable applications in nanotechnology, biomedical and environmental fields. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1984-2016. [PMID: 30165173 PMCID: PMC6209323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prospective uses of tree gum polysaccharides and their nanostructures in various aspects of food, water, energy, biotechnology, environment and medicine industries, have garnered a great deal of attention recently. In addition to extensive applications of tree gums in food, there are substantial non-food applications of these commercial gums, which have gained widespread attention due to their availability, structural diversity and remarkable properties as 'green' bio-based renewable materials. Tree gums are obtainable as natural polysaccharides from various tree genera possessing exceptional properties, including their renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature and their ability to undergo easy chemical modifications. This review focuses on non-food applications of several important commercially available gums (arabic, karaya, tragacanth, ghatti and kondagogu) for the greener synthesis and stabilization of metal/metal oxide NPs, production of electrospun fibers, environmental bioremediation, bio-catalysis, biosensors, coordination complexes of metal-hydrogels, and for antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Furthermore, polysaccharides acquired from botanical, seaweed, animal, and microbial origins are briefly compared with the characteristics of tree gum exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod V T Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Water Resource Recovery Branch, Water Systems Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 483, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Campbell KT, Stilhano RS, Silva EA. Enzymatically degradable alginate hydrogel systems to deliver endothelial progenitor cells for potential revasculature applications. Biomaterials 2018; 179:109-121. [PMID: 29980073 PMCID: PMC6746553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design an injectable biomaterial system that becomes porous in situ to deliver and control vascular progenitor cell release. Alginate hydrogels were loaded with outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) and alginate lyase, an enzyme which cleaves alginate polymer chains. We postulated and confirmed that higher alginate lyase concentrations mediated loss of hydrogel mechanical properties. Hydrogels incorporating 5 and 50 mU/mL of alginate lyase experienced approximately 28% and 57% loss of mass as well as 81% and 91% reduction in storage modulus respectively after a week. Additionally, computational methods and mechanical analysis revealed that hydrogels with alginate lyase significantly increased in mesh size over time. Furthermore, alginate lyase was not found to inhibit OEC proliferation, viability or sprouting potential. Finally, alginate hydrogels incorporating OECs and alginate lyase promoted up to nearly a 10 fold increase in OEC migration in vitro than nondegradable hydrogels over the course of a week and increased functional vasculature in vivo via a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Overall, these findings demonstrate that alginate lyase incorporated hydrogels can provide a simple and robust system to promote controlled outward cell migration into native tissue for potential therapeutic revascularization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Roberta S Stilhano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Kunjukunju S, Roy A, Shekhar S, Kumta PN. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of alginate lyase: A systematic engineered approach to controlled degradation of alginate hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Leslie SK, Cohen DJ, Hyzy SL, Dosier CR, Nicolini A, Sedlaczek J, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Microencapsulated rabbit adipose stem cells initiate tissue regeneration in a rabbit ear defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1742-1753. [PMID: 29766656 DOI: 10.1002/term.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering can promote cartilage tissue regeneration, but cell retention in the implant site post-delivery is problematic. Alginate microbeads containing adipose stem cells (ASCs) pretreated with chondrogenic media have been used successfully to regenerate hyaline cartilage in critical size defects in rat xiphoid suggesting that they may be used to treat defects in elastic cartilages such as the ear. To test this, we used microbeads made with low viscosity, high mannuronate medical grade alginate using a high electrostatic potential, and a calcium cross linking solution containing glucose. Microbeads containing rabbit ASCs (rbASCs) were implanted bilaterally in 3 mm critical size midcartilage ear defects of six skeletally mature male New Zealand White rabbits (empty defect; microbeads without cells; microbeads with cells; degradable microbeads with cells; and autograft). Twelve weeks post-implantation, regeneration was assessed by microCT and histology. Microencapsulated rbASCs cultured in chondrogenic media expressed mRNAs for aggrecan, Type II collagen, and Type X collagen. Histologically, empty defects contained fibrous tissue; microbeads without cells were still present in defects and were surrounded by fibrous tissue; nondegradable beads with rbASCs initiated cartilage regeneration; degradable microbeads with cells produced immature bone-like tissue, also demonstrated by microCT; and autografts appeared as normal auricular cartilage but were not fully integrated with the tissue surrounding the defect. Elastin, the hallmark of auricular cartilage, was not evident in the neocartilage. This delivery system offers the potential for regeneration of auricular cartilage, but vascularity of the treatment site and use of factors that induce elastin must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirae K Leslie
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Janina Sedlaczek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Boss C, Bouche N, De Marchi U. Encapsulated Optically Responsive Cell Systems: Toward Smart Implants in Biomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701148. [PMID: 29283209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Managing increasingly prevalent chronic diseases will require close continuous monitoring of patients. Cell-based biosensors may be used for implantable diagnostic systems to monitor health status. Cells are indeed natural sensors in the body. Functional cellular systems can be maintained in the body for long-term implantation using cell encapsulation technology. By taking advantage of recent progress in miniaturized optoelectronic systems, the genetic engineering of optically responsive cells may be combined with cell encapsulation to generate smart implantable cell-based sensing systems. In biomedical research, cell-based biosensors may be used to study cell signaling, therapeutic effects, and dosing of bioactive molecules in preclinical models. Today, a wide variety of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors have been developed for real-time imaging of living cells. Here, recent developments in genetically encoded sensors, cell encapsulation, and ultrasmall optical systems are highlighted. The integration of these components in a new generation of biosensors is creating innovative smart in vivo cell-based systems, bringing novel perspectives for biomedical research and ultimately allowing unique health monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Boss
- Device EngineeringNestlé Institute of Health Sciences EPFL Innovation Park Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bouche
- Device EngineeringNestlé Institute of Health Sciences EPFL Innovation Park Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
| | - Umberto De Marchi
- Mitochondrial FunctionNestlé Institute of Health Sciences EPFL Innovation Park Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
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28
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Implant for autologous soft tissue reconstruction using an adipose-derived stem cell-colonized alginate scaffold. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018; 71:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Ali Z, Islam A, Sherrell P, Le-Moine M, Lolas G, Syrigos K, Rafat M, Jensen LD. Adjustable delivery of pro-angiogenic FGF-2 by collagen-alginate microspheres. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.027060. [PMID: 29449216 PMCID: PMC5898261 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic induction of blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) in ischemic tissues holds great potential for treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke. Achieving sustained angiogenesis and vascular maturation has, however, been highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate that alginate:collagen hydrogels containing therapeutic, pro-angiogenic FGF-2, and formulated as microspheres, is a promising and clinically relevant vehicle for therapeutic angiogenesis. By titrating the amount of readily dissolvable and degradable collagen with more slowly degradable alginate in the hydrogel mixture, the degradation rates of the biomaterial controlling the release kinetics of embedded pro-angiogenic FGF-2 can be adjusted. Furthermore, we elaborate a microsphere synthesis protocol allowing accurate control over sphere size, also a critical determinant of degradation/release rate. As expected, alginate:collagen microspheres were completely biocompatible and did not cause any adverse reactions when injected in mice. Importantly, the amount of pro-angiogenic FGF-2 released from such microspheres led to robust induction of angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos similar to that achieved by injecting FGF-2-releasing cells. These findings highlight the use of microspheres constructed from alginate:collagen hydrogels as a promising and clinically relevant delivery system for pro-angiogenic therapy. Summary: The development of alginate:collagen composite hydrogel microspheres of adjustable size and degradation speed is described as a new platform for delivery of pro-angiogenic FGF-2 or pro-angiogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ali
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anik Islam
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Sherrell
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Le-Moine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Georgios Lolas
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, “Sotiria” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, “Sotiria” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lasse D. Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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30
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Gonzalez-Pujana A, Santos E, Orive G, Pedraz JL, Hernandez RM. Cell microencapsulation technology: Current vision of its therapeutic potential through the administration routes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Examination of In vitro and In vivo biocompatibility of alginate-hyaluronic acid microbeads As a promising method in cell delivery for kidney regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Patel R, Patel M, Kwak J, Iyer AK, Karpoormath R, Desai S, Rarh V. Polymeric microspheres: a delivery system for osteogenic differentiation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Patel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 Korea
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-Bind) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health, Sciences; Wayne State University; 259 Mack Ave Detroit MI 48201 USA
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences; University of Kwa Zulu Natal; Durban 4000 Africa
| | - Shrojal Desai
- Global Infusion Systems R&D at Hospira; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vimal Rarh
- Department of Chemistry, S.G.T.B. Khalsa College; University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
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Liu M, Zhou Z, Chai Y, Zhang S, Wu X, Huang S, Su J, Jiang J. Synthesis of cell composite alginate microfibers by microfluidics with the application potential of small diameter vascular grafts. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025030. [PMID: 28485303 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa71da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of small diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) with appropriate responses for clinical application is still challenging. In the present work, the production and characterization of solid alginate based microfibers as potential SDVG candidates through the method of microfluidics were considered original. A simple glass microfluidic device with a 'L-shape' cylindrical-flow channel in the microfluidic platform was developed. The gelation of microfibers occurred when the alginate solution and a CaCl2 solution were introduced as a core flow and as a sheath flow, respectively. The diameters of the microfibers could be controlled by varying the flow rates and the glass capillary tubes diameters at their tips. The generated microfibers had somewhat rough and porous surfaces, their suture retention strengths were comparable to the strength of other tissue engineered grafts. The encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells proliferated well in the microfibers, and showed a stable endothelialization under the angiogenesis effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblastic growth factor. The in vivo implant into the mice abdomens indicated that cell composite microfibers caused a mild host reaction. These encouraging results suggest great promise of the application of microfluidics as a future alternative in SDVGs engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants; Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
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Cheng NC, Lin WJ, Ling TY, Young TH. Sustained release of adipose-derived stem cells by thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin hydrogel for therapeutic angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:258-267. [PMID: 28131942 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) secrete several angiogenic growth factors and can be applied to treat ischemic tissue. However, transplantation of dissociated ASCs has frequently resulted in rapid cell death. Therefore, we aimed to develop a thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin hydrogel that is capable of ASC sustained release for therapeutic angiogenesis. By blending gelatin in the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel, we significantly enhanced the viability of the encapsulated ASCs. During in vitro culturing, the gradual degradation of gelatin led to sustained release of ASCs from the chitosan/gelatin hydrogel. In vitro wound healing assays revealed significantly faster cell migration by co-culturing fibroblasts with ASCs encapsulated in chitosan/gelatin hydrogel compared to pure chitosan hydrogels. Additionally, significantly higher concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor were found in the supernatant of ASC-encapsulated chitosan/gelatin hydrogels. Co-culturing SVEC4-10 endothelial cells with ASC-encapsulated chitosan/gelatin hydrogels resulted in significantly more tube-like structures, indicating the hydrogel's potential in promoting angiogenesis. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay and mice wound healing model showed significantly higher capillary density after applying ASC-encapsulated chitosan/gelatin hydrogel. Relative to ASC alone or ASC-encapsulated chitosan hydrogel, more ASCs were also found in the wound tissue on post-wounding day 5 after applying ASC-encapsulated chitosan/gelatin hydrogel. Therefore, chitosan/gelatin thermosensitive hydrogels not only maintain ASC survival, they also enable sustained release of ASCs for therapeutic angiogenesis applications, thereby exhibiting great clinical potential in treating ischemic diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exhibit great potential to treat ischemic diseases. However, poor delivery methods lead to low cellular survival or dispersal of cells from target sites. In this study, we developed a thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin hydrogel that not only enhances the viability of the encapsulated ASCs, the gradual degradation of gelatin also result in a more porous architecture, leading to sustained release of ASCs from the hydrogel. ASC-encapsulated hydrogel enhanced in vitro wound healing of fibroblasts and tube formation of endothelial cells. It also promoted in vivo angiogenesis in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay and a mice wound model. Therefore, chitosan/gelatin hydrogel represents an effective delivery system that allows for controlled release of viable ASCs for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan S Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jhih Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Foster AA, Marquardt LM, Heilshorn SC. The Diverse Roles of Hydrogel Mechanics in Injectable Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017; 15:15-23. [PMID: 29085771 PMCID: PMC5659597 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell delivery by local injection has tremendous potential as a regenerative therapy but has seen limited clinical success. Several mechanical challenges hinder therapeutic efficacy throughout all stages of cell transplantation, including mechanical forces during injection and loss of mechanical support post-injection. Recent studies have begun exploring the use of biomaterials, in particular hydrogels, to enhance stem cell transplantation by addressing the often-conflicting mechanical requirements associated with each stage of the transplantation process. This review explores recent biomaterial approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells delivered through local injection, with a focus on strategies that specifically address the mechanical challenges that result in cell death and/or limit therapeutic function throughout the stages of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbygail A Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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36
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Purification and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by membrane filtration and membrane migration methods. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40069. [PMID: 28071738 PMCID: PMC5223180 DOI: 10.1038/srep40069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are easily isolated from fat tissue without ethical concerns, but differ in purity, pluripotency, differentiation ability, and stem cell marker expression, depending on the isolation method. We isolated hADSCs from a primary fat tissue solution using: (1) conventional culture, (2) a membrane filtration method, (3) a membrane migration method where the primary cell solution was permeated through membranes, adhered hADSCs were cultured, and hADSCs migrated out from the membranes. Expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and pluripotency genes, and osteogenic differentiation were compared for hADSCs isolated by different methods using nylon mesh filter membranes with pore sizes ranging from 11 to 80 μm. hADSCs isolated by the membrane migration method had the highest MSC surface marker expression and efficient differentiation into osteoblasts. Osteogenic differentiation ability of hADSCs and MSC surface marker expression were correlated, but osteogenic differentiation ability and pluripotent gene expression were not.
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Abstract
An increasing demand to regenerate tissues from patient-derived sources has led to the development of cell-based therapies using autologous stem cells, thereby decreasing immune rejection of scaffolds coupled with allogeneic stem cells or allografts. Adult stem cells are multipotent and are readily available in tissues such as fat and bone marrow. They possess the ability to repair and regenerate tissue through the production of therapeutic factors, particularly vasculogenic proteins. A major challenge in cell-based therapies is localizing the delivered stem cells to the target site. Microencapsulation of cells provides a porous polymeric matrix that can provide a protected environment, localize the cells to one area, and maintain their viability by enabling the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the encapsulated cells and the surrounding tissue. In this chapter, we describe a method to produce injectable microbeads containing a tunable number of stem cells using the biopolymer alginate. The microencapsulation process involves extrusion of the alginate suspension containing cells from a microencapsulator, a syringe pump to control its flow rate, an electrostatic potential to overcome capillary forces and a reduced Ca++ cross-linking solution containing a nutrient osmolyte, to form microbeads. This method allows the encapsulated cells to remain viable up to three weeks in culture and up to three months in vivo and secrete growth factors capable of supporting tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirae K Leslie
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - Ramsey C Kinney
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Zhang X, Xu B, Puperi DS, Wu Y, West JL, Grande-Allen KJ. Application of hydrogels in heart valve tissue engineering. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2016; 25:105-34. [PMID: 25955010 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2015011817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing number of patients requiring valve replacements, there is heightened interest in advancing heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) to provide solutions to the many limitations of current surgical treatments. A variety of materials have been developed as scaffolds for HVTE including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and decellularized valvular matrices. Among them, biocompatible hydrogels are generating growing interest. Natural hydrogels, such as collagen and fibrin, generally show good bioactivity but poor mechanical durability. Synthetic hydrogels, on the other hand, have tunable mechanical properties; however, appropriate cell-matrix interactions are difficult to obtain. Moreover, hydrogels can be used as cell carriers when the cellular component is seeded into the polymer meshes or decellularized valve scaffolds. In this review, we discuss current research strategies for HVTE with an emphasis on hydrogel applications. The physicochemical properties and fabrication methods of these hydrogels, as well as their mechanical properties and bioactivities are described. Performance of some hydrogels including in vitro evaluation using bioreactors and in vivo tests in different animal models are also discussed. For future HVTE, it will be compelling to examine how hydrogels can be constructed from composite materials to replicate mechanical properties and mimic biological functions of the native heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel S Puperi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Christiani TR, Toomer K, Sheehan J, Nitzl A, Branda A, England E, Graney P, Iftode C, Vernengo AJ. Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805604 DOI: 10.3791/53704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable biomaterials are defined as implantable materials that can be introduced into the body as a liquid and solidify in situ. Such materials offer the clinical advantages of being implanted minimally invasively and easily forming space-filling solids in irregularly shaped defects. Injectable biomaterials have been widely investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, for the repair of certain load-bearing areas in the body, such as the intervertebral disc, scaffolds should possess adhesive properties. This will minimize the risk of dislocation during motion and ensure intimate contact with the surrounding tissue, providing adequate transmission of forces. Here, we describe the preparation and characterization of a scaffold composed of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAM-g-CS) and alginate microparticles. The PNIPAAm-g-CS copolymer forms a viscous solution in water at RT, into which alginate particles are suspended to enhance adhesion. Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 30 °C, the copolymer forms a solid gel around the microparticles. We have adapted standard biomaterials characterization procedures to take into account the reversible phase transition of PNIPAAm-g-CS. Results indicate that the incorporation of 50 or 75 mg/ml alginate particles into 5% (w/v) PNIPAAm-g-CS solutions quadruple the adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm-gCS alone (p<0.05). The incorporation of alginate microparticles also significantly increases swelling capacity of PNIPAAm-g-CS (p<0.05), helping to maintain a space-filling gel within tissue defects. Finally, results of the in vitro toxicology assay kit, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and Live/Dead viability assay indicate that the adhesive is capable of supporting the survival and proliferation of encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells over 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Graney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University
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Marquardt LM, Heilshorn SC. Design of Injectable Materials to Improve Stem Cell Transplantation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016; 2:207-220. [PMID: 28868235 PMCID: PMC5576562 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies are steadily gaining traction for regenerative medicine approaches to treating disease and injury throughout the body. While a significant body of work has shown success in preclinical studies, results often fail to translate in clinical settings. One potential cause is the massive transplanted cell death that occurs post injection, preventing functional integration with host tissue. Therefore, current research is focusing on developing injectable hydrogel materials to protect cells during delivery and to stimulate endogenous regeneration through interactions of transplanted cells and host tissue. This review explores the design of targeted injectable hydrogel systems for improving the therapeutic potential of stem cells across a variety of tissue engineering applications with a focus on hydrogel materials that have progressed to the stage of preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Lin Z, Rios HF, Cochran DL. Emerging regenerative approaches for periodontal reconstruction: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. J Periodontol 2016; 86:S134-52. [PMID: 25644297 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years have passed since the first successful application of regenerative therapy for treatment of periodontal diseases. Despite being feasible, periodontal regeneration still faces numerous challenges, and complete restoration of structure and function of the diseased periodontium is often considered an unpredictable task. This review highlights developing basic science and technologies for potential application to achieve reconstruction of the periodontium. A comprehensive search of the electronic bibliographic database PubMed was conducted to identify different emerging therapeutic approaches reported to influence either biologic pathways and/or tissues involved in periodontal regeneration. Each citation was assessed based on its abstract, and the full text of potentially eligible reports was retrieved. Based on the review of the full papers, their suitability for inclusion in this report was determined. In principle, only reports from scientifically well-designed studies that presented preclinical in vivo (animal studies) or clinical (human studies) evidence for successful periodontal regeneration were included. Hence, in vitro studies, namely those conducted in laboratories without any live animals, were excluded. In case of especially recent and relevant reviews with a narrow focus on specific regenerative approaches, they were identified as such, and thereby the option of referring to them to summarize the status of a specific approach, in addition to or instead of listing each separately, was preserved. Admittedly, the presence of subjectivity in the selection of studies to include in this overview cannot be excluded. However, it is believed that the contemporary approaches described in this review collectively represent the current efforts that have reported preclinical or clinical methods to successfully enhance regeneration of the periodontium. Today's challenges facing periodontal regenerative therapy continue to stimulate important research and clinical development, which, in turn, shapes the current concept of periodontal tissue engineering. Emerging technologies--such as stem cell therapy, bone anabolic agents, genetic approaches, and nanomaterials--also offer unique opportunities to enhance the predictability of current regenerative surgical approaches and inspire development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA
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Leslie SK, Nicolini AM, Sundaresan G, Zweit J, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Development of a cell delivery system using alginate microbeads for tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3515-3525. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginate microbeads incorporating adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have potential for delivering viable cells capable of facilitating tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirae K. Leslie
- School of Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | | | | | - Jamal Zweit
- Center for Molecular Imaging
- Department of Radiology
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- School of Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- School of Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
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43
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Peng IC, Yeh CC, Lu YT, Muduli S, Ling QD, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Kumar SS, Murugan K, Lee HC, Chang Y, Higuchi A. Continuous harvest of stem cells via partial detachment from thermoresponsive nanobrush surfaces. Biomaterials 2016; 76:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Endo K, Anada T, Yamada M, Seki M, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Enhancement of osteoblastic differentiation in alginate gel beads with bioactive octacalcium phosphate particles. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:065019. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Cell encapsulation: technical and clinical advances. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:537-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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46
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Griffin M, Kalaskar DM, Butler PE, Seifalian AM. The use of adipose stem cells in cranial facial surgery. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:671-85. [PMID: 24913279 PMCID: PMC4167434 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations, have devastating psychosocial implications for many adults and children and causes huge socioeconomic burden. Currently craniofacial defects require soft tissue transfer, bone grafting techniques or difficult procedures such as microvascular free flaps. Such tissues are often limited in quantity, their harvest causes secondary large donor site defects and they lack the capability to fully restore previous form and function. Stem cell technology is being utilised for various tissue and organs of the body and consequently surgeons are eager to transfer these principles for craniofacial surgery. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an exciting stem cell source for craniofacial surgeons due to their easy and painless isolation, relatively large abundance and familiarity with the harvesting procedure. ADSCs also have multiple desirable properties including adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, enhancement of angiogenesis and immunodulatory function. Due to these advantageous characteristics, ASDCs have been explored to repair craniofacial bone, soft tissue and cartilage. The desirable characteristics of ADSCs for craniofacial surgical applications will be explained. We report the experimental and clinical studies that have explored the use of ADSCs for bone, cartilage and soft tissue craniofacial defects. We conclude by establishing the key questions that are preventing the clinical application of ADSCs for craniofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Rhein-Knudsen N, Ale MT, Meyer AS. Seaweed hydrocolloid production: an update on enzyme assisted extraction and modification technologies. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3340-59. [PMID: 26023840 PMCID: PMC4483632 DOI: 10.3390/md13063340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agar, alginate, and carrageenans are high-value seaweed hydrocolloids, which are used as gelation and thickening agents in different food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. The annual global production of these hydrocolloids has recently reached 100,000 tons with a gross market value just above US$ 1.1 billion. The techno-functional properties of the seaweed polysaccharides depend strictly on their unique structural make-up, notably degree and position of sulfation and presence of anhydro-bridges. Classical extraction techniques include hot alkali treatments, but recent research has shown promising results with enzymes. Current methods mainly involve use of commercially available enzyme mixtures developed for terrestrial plant material processing. Application of seaweed polysaccharide targeted enzymes allows for selective extraction at mild conditions as well as tailor-made modifications of the hydrocolloids to obtain specific functionalities. This review provides an update of the detailed structural features of κ-, ι-, λ-carrageenans, agars, and alginate, and a thorough discussion of enzyme assisted extraction and processing techniques for these hydrocolloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marcel Tutor Ale
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Higuchi A, Wang CT, Ling QD, Lee HHC, Kumar SS, Chang Y, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Hsu ST, Wu GJ, Umezawa A. A hybrid-membrane migration method to isolate high-purity adipose-derived stem cells from fat tissues. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10217. [PMID: 25970301 PMCID: PMC4429558 DOI: 10.1038/srep10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) exhibit heterogeneous characteristics, indicating various genotypes and differentiation abilities. The isolated hADSCs can possess different purity levels and divergent properties depending on the purification methods used. We developed a hybrid-membrane migration method that purifies hADSCs from a fat tissue solution with extremely high purity and pluripotency. A primary fat-tissue solution was permeated through the porous membranes with a pore size from 8 to 25 μm, and the membranes were incubated in cell culture medium for 15-18 days. The hADSCs that migrated from the membranes contained an extremely high percentage (e.g., >98%) of cells positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers and showed almost one order of magnitude higher expression of some pluripotency genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Nanog) compared with cells isolated using the conventional culture method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- 1] Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [3] Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan [4] Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ching-Tang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- 1] Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universities Putra Malaysia, Slangor, Malaysia
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Jhong-li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murugan A Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Pingjen, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Akihiko Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen CY, Ke CJ, Yen KC, Hsieh HC, Sun JS, Lin FH. 3D porous calcium-alginate scaffolds cell culture system improved human osteoblast cell clusters for cell therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:643-55. [PMID: 25825603 PMCID: PMC4377732 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related orthopedic disorders and bone defects have become a critical public health issue, and cell-based therapy is potentially a novel solution for issues surrounding bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Long-term cultures of primary bone cells exhibit phenotypic and functional degeneration; therefore, culturing cells or tissues suitable for clinical use remain a challenge. A platform consisting of human osteoblasts (hOBs), calcium-alginate (Ca-Alginate) scaffolds, and a self-made bioreactor system was established for autologous transplantation of human osteoblast cell clusters. The Ca-Alginate scaffold facilitated the growth and differentiation of human bone cell clusters, and the functionally-closed process bioreactor system supplied the soluble nutrients and osteogenic signals required to maintain the cell viability. This system preserved the proliferative ability of cells and cell viability and up-regulated bone-related gene expression and biological apatite crystals formation. The bone-like tissue generated could be extracted by removal of calcium ions via ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation, and exhibited a size suitable for injection. The described strategy could be used in therapeutic application and opens new avenues for surgical interventions to correct skeletal defects.
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50
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Ozturk S, Karagoz H. Experimental stem cell therapies on burn wound: do source, dose, timing and method matter? Burns 2015; 41:1133-9. [PMID: 25716759 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been introduced as a new and promising modality of wound covering in recent decade. It has been used for improvement of burn wound, post burn scar and saving stasis zone of burn with good results. However, there have been some differences between the various experimental burn wound trials in stem cell source, therapeutic dose, delivery method and timing of stem cell delivery. In our study, we aimed to review stem cell biology and investigate discrepancies in animal trials of use of stem cells in burn wound account for the variation in, stem cell source, therapeutic dose, delivery method and timing of stem cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Ozturk
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Karagoz
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Turkey
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