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Biniazan F, Stoian A, Haykal S. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Angiogenetic Potential and Utility in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2356. [PMID: 38397032 PMCID: PMC10889096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a large and important energy storage organ as well as an endocrine organ with a critical role in many processes. Additionally, AT is an enormous and easily accessible source of multipotent cell types used in our day for all types of tissue regeneration. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into other types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, is used in tissue engineering in order to promote/stimulate the process of angiogenesis. Being a key for future successful clinical applications, functional vascular networks in engineered tissue are targeted by numerous in vivo and ex vivo studies. The article reviews the angiogenic potential of ADSCs and explores their capacity in the field of tissue engineering (TE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Stoian
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
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2
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Nazarzadeh Zare E, Khorsandi D, Zarepour A, Yilmaz H, Agarwal T, Hooshmand S, Mohammadinejad R, Ozdemir F, Sahin O, Adiguzel S, Khan H, Zarrabi A, Sharifi E, Kumar A, Mostafavi E, Kouchehbaghi NH, Mattoli V, Zhang F, Jucaud V, Najafabadi AH, Khademhosseini A. Biomedical applications of engineered heparin-based materials. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:87-118. [PMID: 37609108 PMCID: PMC10440395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a negatively charged polysaccharide with various chain lengths and a hydrophilic backbone. Due to its fascinating chemical and physical properties, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, heparin has been extensively used in different fields of medicine, such as cardiovascular and hematology. This review highlights recent and future advancements in designing materials based on heparin for various biomedical applications. The physicochemical and mechanical properties, biocompatibility, toxicity, and biodegradability of heparin are discussed. In addition, the applications of heparin-based materials in various biomedical fields, such as drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and biosensors, are reviewed. Finally, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in preparing heparin-based materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatma Ozdemir
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Onur Sahin
- Department of Basic Pharmacy Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevin Adiguzel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D'Oltremare pad. 20, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
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3
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de Freitas CF, de Araújo Santos J, Pellosi DS, Caetano W, Batistela VR, Muniz EC. Recent advances of Pluronic-based copolymers functionalization in biomedical applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213484. [PMID: 37276691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The design of polymeric biocompatible nanomaterials for biological and medical applications has received special attention in recent years. Among different polymers, the triblock type copolymers (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x or Pluronics® stand out due its favorable characteristics such as biocompatibility, low tissue adhesion, thermosensitivity, and structural capacity to produce different types of macro and nanostructures, e.g. micelles, vesicles, nanocapsules, nanospheres, and hydrogels. However, Pluronic itself is not the "magic bullet" and its functionalization via chemical synthesis following biologically oriented design rules is usually required aiming to improve its properties. Therefore, this paper presents some of the main publications on new methodologies for synthetic modifications and applications of Pluronic-based nanoconstructs in the biomedical field in the last 15 years. In general, the polymer modifications aim to improve physical-chemical properties related to the micellization process or physical entrapment of drug cargo, responsive stimuli, active targeting, thermosensitivity, gelling ability, and hydrogel formation. Among these applications, it can be highlighted the treatment of malignant neoplasms, infectious diseases, wound healing, cellular regeneration, and tissue engineering. Functionalized Pluronic has also been used for various purposes, including medical diagnosis, medical imaging, and even miniaturization, such as the creation of lab-on-a-chip devices. In this context, this review discusses the main scientific contributions to the designing, optimization, and improvement of covalently functionalized Pluronics aiming at new strategies focused on the multiple areas of the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiano de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Jailson de Araújo Santos
- PhD Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vagner Roberto Batistela
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edvani Curti Muniz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Petronio Portella, Ininga, Teresina CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil.
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Recent Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Functionalized Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122832. [PMID: 36559325 PMCID: PMC9782855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in several applications in the past few decades related to biomedicine and healthcare. Among them, nanogels (NGs) have emerged as an important nanoplatform with the properties of both hydrogels and nanoparticles for the controlled/sustained delivery of chemo drugs, nucleic acids, or other bioactive molecules for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. In the recent past, significant research efforts have been invested in synthesizing NGs through various synthetic methodologies such as free radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer method (RAFT) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as well as emulsion techniques. With further polymeric functionalizations using activated esters, thiol-ene/yne processes, imines/oximes formation, cycloadditions, nucleophilic addition reactions of isocyanates, ring-opening, and multicomponent reactions were used to obtain functionalized NGs for targeted delivery of drug and other compounds. NGs are particularly intriguing for use in the areas of diagnosis, analytics, and biomedicine due to their nanodimensionality, material characteristics, physiological stability, tunable multi-functionality, and biocompatibility. Numerous NGs with a wide range of functionalities and various external/internal stimuli-responsive modalities have been possible with novel synthetic reliable methodologies. Such continuous development of innovative, intelligent materials with novel characteristics is crucial for nanomedicine for next-generation biomedical applications. This paper reviews the synthesis and various functionalization strategies of NGs with a focus on the recent advances in different biomedical applications of these surface modified/functionalized single-/dual-/multi-responsive NGs, with various active targeting moieties, in the fields of cancer theranostics, immunotherapy, antimicrobial/antiviral, antigen presentation for the vaccine, sensing, wound healing, thrombolysis, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Tang Y, Wang J, Cao Q, Chen F, Wang M, Wu Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Zhang X. Dopamine/DOPAC-assisted immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 loaded Heparin/PEI nanogels onto three-dimentional printed calcium phosphate ceramics for enhanced osteoinductivity and osteogenicity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213030. [PMID: 36027668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the three-dimensional (3D) printed calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics have well-designed geometric structure, but suffer from relative weak osteoinductivity. Surface modification by incorporating bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) onto scaffolds is considered as an efficient approach to improve their bioactivity. However, high dose and uncontrolled burst release of BMP2 may cause undesired side effect. In the present study, porous BCP ceramics with inverse face-centred cube structure prepared by digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing technique were used as the substrates. BMP2 proteins were loaded in the self-assembled Heparin/PEI nanogels (NP/BMP2), and then immobilized onto BCP substrates through the intermediate mussel-derived bioactive dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DA/DOPAC) coating layers to construct functional BCP/layer/NP/BMP2 scaffolds. Our results showed that Heparin/PEI nanogel was a potent delivery system for BMP2, and BCP/layer/NP/BMP2 scaffolds exhibited the high loading capacity, controlled release rate, and sustained local delivery of BMP2. In vitro cell experiments with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) found that BCP/layer/NP/BMP2 could promote cell proliferation, facilitate cell spreading, accelerate cell migration, up-regulate expression of osteogenic genes, and improve synthesis of osteoblast-related proteins. Moreover, the murine intramuscular implantation model suggested that BCP/layer/NP/BMP2 had a superior osteoinductive capacity, and the rat femoral condyle defect repair model showed that BCP/layer/NP/BMP2 could enhance in situ bone repair and regeneration. These findings demonstrate that the incorporation of BMP2 loaded Heparin/PEI nanogels to 3D printed scaffolds holds great promise in fabricating bone graft with a superior biological performance for orthopedic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Quanle Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fuying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Menglu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yonghao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Yu B, Dong B, He J, Huang H, Huang J, Wang Y, Liang J, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Shen J, Shuai X, Tao J, Xia W. Bimodal Imaging-Visible Nanomedicine Integrating CXCR4 and VEGFa Genes Directs Synergistic Reendothelialization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001657. [PMID: 33344118 PMCID: PMC7740091 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge to treat vascular endothelial injury is the restoration of endothelium integrity in which endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) plays a central role. Transplantation of EPCs as a promising therapeutic means is subject to two interrelated processes, homing and differentiation of EPCs in vivo, and thus a lack of either one may greatly affect the outcome of EPC-based therapy. Herein, a polymeric nanocarrier is applied for the codelivery of CXCR4 and VEGFa genes to simultaneously promote the migration and differentiation of EPCs. Moreover, MRI T2 contrast agent SPION and NIR dye Cy7.5 are also loaded into the nanocarrier in order to track EPCs in vivo. Based on the synergistic effect of the two codelivered genes, an improved reendothelialization of EPCs is achieved in a rat carotid denuded model. The results show the potential of this bimodal imaging-visible nanomedicine to improve the performance of EPCs in repairing arterial injury, which may push forward the stem cell-based therapy of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Yu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of CardiovascularThe Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Yong Wang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Jianwen Liang
- Department of CardiovascularThe Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yumin Qiu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of RadiologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNational‐Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular DiseasesKey Laboratory on Assisted CirculationMinistry of HealthGuangzhou510080China
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Pinelli F, Ortolà ÓF, Makvandi P, Perale G, Rossi F. In vivo drug delivery applications of nanogels: a review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2707-2727. [PMID: 33103960 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanogels have emerged as promising drug delivery vehicles; their ability in holding active molecules, macromolecules and drugs, together with the capability to respond to external stimuli, makes them a suitable tool for a wide range of applications. These features allow nanogels to be exploited against many challenges of nanomedicine associated with different kinds of pathologies which require the use of specific drug delivery systems. In this review our aim is to give the reader an overview of the diseases that can be treated with nanogels as drug delivery systems, such as cancer, CNS disorders, cardiovascular diseases, wound healing and other diseases of human body. For all of these pathologies, biological in vivo assays can be found in the literature and in this work. We focus on the peculiarities of these nanogels, highlighting their features and their advantages in respect to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Óscar Fullana Ortolà
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites & Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34 - 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
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Hutchings G, Janowicz K, Moncrieff L, Dompe C, Strauss E, Kocherova I, Nawrocki MJ, Kruszyna Ł, Wąsiatycz G, Antosik P, Shibli JA, Mozdziak P, Perek B, Krasiński Z, Kempisty B, Nowicki M. The Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Neovascularization and Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113790. [PMID: 32471255 PMCID: PMC7312564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization and angiogenesis are vital processes in the repair of damaged tissue, creating new blood vessel networks and increasing oxygen and nutrient supply for regeneration. The importance of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) contained in the adipose tissue surrounding blood vessel networks to these processes remains unknown and the exact mechanisms responsible for directing adipogenic cell fate remain to be discovered. As adipose tissue contains a heterogenous population of partially differentiated cells of adipocyte lineage; tissue repair, angiogenesis and neovascularization may be closely linked to the function of ASCs in a complex relationship. This review aims to investigate the link between ASCs and angiogenesis/neovascularization, with references to current studies. The molecular mechanisms of these processes, as well as ASC differentiation and proliferation are described in detail. ASCs may differentiate into endothelial cells during neovascularization; however, recent clinical trials have suggested that ASCs may also stimulate angiogenesis and neovascularization indirectly through the release of paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hutchings
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (G.H.); (K.J.); (L.M.)
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (M.J.N.); (B.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Janowicz
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (G.H.); (K.J.); (L.M.)
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (M.J.N.); (B.K.)
| | - Lisa Moncrieff
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (G.H.); (K.J.); (L.M.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Claudia Dompe
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (G.H.); (K.J.); (L.M.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Strauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Vascular, Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (L.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (M.J.N.); (B.K.)
| | - Mariusz J. Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (M.J.N.); (B.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kruszyna
- Department of Vascular, Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (L.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Wąsiatycz
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (G.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (G.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of Vascular, Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (L.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (M.J.N.); (B.K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (G.W.); (P.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
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Mahmoudi Z, Mohammadnejad J, Razavi Bazaz S, Abouei Mehrizi A, Saidijam M, Dinarvand R, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Soleimani M. Promoted chondrogenesis of hMCSs with controlled release of TGF-β3 via microfluidics synthesized alginate nanogels. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Nanogels for regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2019; 313:148-160. [PMID: 31629040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels have been widely explored for drug delivery, but their applications in the tissue engineering field are still quite recent. Regenerative medicine also demands controlled delivery of growth factors and other active substances able to promote cell adhesion and guide cell differentiation and tissue formation. Moreover, nanogels could be added to tissue scaffolds for modifying their inner architecture, texture and mechanical properties, which are critical for regulating cell behavior. This review aims to provide an insight into the different roles that nanogels may play for improving tissue regeneration. Last decade literature has been carefully analyzed with a focus on in vivo outcomes. After an introductory section to nanogels, relevant examples of their performance for skin and bone tissue regeneration applications are discussed. Healing of chronic wounds and critical size bone fractures may significantly improve thanks to the use of nanogels solely or in combination with scaffolds. Nanogel roles in regenerating vessels, cardiac tissue, urothelium and urethral muscle tissue are also presented. Overall, the information gathered in the review clearly highlights the relevance of multidisciplinary approaches to design nanogels that can face up to the needs of the regenerative medicine. Nanogels may help bring together researchers working in active ingredient formulation, controlled release, nanomechanics, tissue engineering and scaffolding with the common purpose of developing clinically relevant tools for the complete regeneration of complex tissues.
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Tao C, Lina X, Changxuan W, Cong L, Xiaolan Y, Tao H, Hong A. Orthogonal test design for the optimization of superparamagnetic chitosan plasmid gelatin microspheres that promote vascularization of artificial bone. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1439-1449. [PMID: 31605570 PMCID: PMC7187448 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The optimal conditions for the preparation of superparamagnetic chitosan plasmid (pReceiver‐M29‐VEGF165/DH5a) gelatin microspheres (SPCPGMs) were determined. Then, the performance of the SPCPGMs during neovascularization was evaluated in vivo. The SPCPGMs were prepared through a cross‐linking curing method and then filled into the hollow scaffold of an artificial bone. Neovascularization at the bone defect position was histologically examined in samples collected 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the operation. The cellular magnetofection rate of superparamagnetic chitosan nanoparticles/plasmid (pReceiver‐M29‐VEGF165/DH5a) complexes reached 1–3% under static magnetic field (SMF). Meanwhile, the optimal conditions for SPCPGM fabrication were 20% Fe3O4 (w/v), 4 mg of plasmid, 5.3 mg of glutaraldehyde, and 500 rpm of emulsification rotate speed. Under oscillating magnetic fields (OMFs), 4–6 μg of plasmids was released daily for 21 days. Under the combined application of SMF and OMF, evident neovascularization occurred at the bone defect position 6 weeks after the operation. This result is expected to provide a new type of angiogenesis strategy for the research of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy
| | - Xie Lina
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy
| | - Wang Changxuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy
| | - Luo Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy
| | - Yang Xiaolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Yixueyuan Road1#, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy
| | - An Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Youyi Road 1#, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Chiriac AP, Ghilan A, Neamtu I, Nita LE, Rusu AG, Chiriac VM. Advancement in the Biomedical Applications of the (Nano)gel Structures Based on Particular Polysaccharides. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900187. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurica P. Chiriac
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLaboratory of Inorganic Polymers 41‐A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iaşi Romania
| | - Alina Ghilan
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLaboratory of Inorganic Polymers 41‐A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iaşi Romania
| | - Iordana Neamtu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLaboratory of Inorganic Polymers 41‐A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iaşi Romania
| | - Loredana E. Nita
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLaboratory of Inorganic Polymers 41‐A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iaşi Romania
| | - Alina G. Rusu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLaboratory of Inorganic Polymers 41‐A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iaşi Romania
| | - Vlad Mihai Chiriac
- “Gh. Asachi” Technical UniversityFaculty of ElectronicsTelecommunications and Information Technology Bd. Carol I no. 11A 700506 Iaşi Romania
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The utilization of low molecular weight heparin-poloxamer associated Laponite nanoplatform for safe and efficient tumor therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
With its nearly unrestricted possibilities, gene therapy attracts more and more significance in modern-day research. The only issue still seeming to hold back its clinical success is the actual effective delivery of genetic material. Nucleic acids are in general challenging to administer to their intracellular targets due to their unfavorable pharmaceutical characteristics. Polymeric nanogels present a promising delivery platform for oligonucleotide-based therapies, as the growing number of reports deliberated in this review represents. Within the scope of this article, recent progress in the employment of nanogels as gene delivery vectors is summarized and different examples of modified, stimuli-responsive, targeted and co-delivering nanogels are discussed in detail. Furthermore, major aspects of successful gene delivery are addressed and critically debated in regards to nanogels, giving insights into what progress has been made and which key issues still need to be further approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kandil
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81337, Munich, Germany
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Luo Z, Li J, Qu J, Sheng W, Yang J, Li M. Cationized Bombyx mori silk fibroin as a delivery carrier of the VEGF165-Ang-1 coexpression plasmid for dermal tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2018; 7:80-94. [PMID: 32254952 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The angiogenesis of an implanted construct is among the most important issues in tissue engineering. In this study, spermine was used to modify Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BSF) to synthesize cationized BSF (CBSF). BSF and CBSF were coated in sequence on the surface of polyethyleneimine (PEI)/vascular endothelial growth factor 165/angiopoietin-1 coexpression plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes to form CBSF/BSF/PEI/pDNA quaternary complexes. BSF scaffolds loaded with carrier/pDNA complexes were prepared as dermal regeneration scaffolds by freeze-drying. In one set of experiments, scaffolds were used to cover a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to investigate the influence of carrier/pDNA complexes on angiogenesis; in another set of experiments, scaffolds were implanted into dorsal full-thickness wounds in Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the effect of carrier/pDNA complex-loaded BSF scaffolds on neovascularization and dermal tissue regeneration. After modification with spermine, the surface zeta potential value of BSF rose to +11 mV from an initial value of -9 mV, and the isoelectric point of BSF increased from 4.20 to 9.04. The in vitro transfection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) with quaternary complexes revealed that the CBSF/BSF/PEI/pDNA complexes clearly exhibited lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficiency than the PEI/pDNA complexes. The CAM assay showed a more abundant branching pattern of blood vessels in BSF scaffolds loaded with CBSF/BSF/PEI/pDNA complexes than in BSF scaffolds without complexes or loaded with PEI/pDNA complexes. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated that the incorporation of CBSF/BSF/PEI/pDNA complexes could effectively enhance angiogenesis in the implanted BSF scaffolds, thereby promoting the regeneration of dermal tissue, providing a new scaffold for the regeneration of dermal tissue and other tissues containing blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwei Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Qu J, Wang L, Niu L, Lin J, Huang Q, Jiang X, Li M. Porous Silk Fibroin Microspheres Sustainably Releasing Bioactive Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1280. [PMID: 30044408 PMCID: PMC6117722 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays a significant role in stimulating cell proliferation. It remains a challenge in the field of biomaterials to develop a carrier with the capacity of continuously releasing bioactive bFGF. In this study, porous bFGF-loaded silk fibroin (SF) microspheres, with inside-out channels, were fabricated by high-voltage electrostatic differentiation, and followed by lyophilization. The embedded bFGF exhibited a slow release mode for over 13 days without suffering burst release. SEM observations showed that incubated L929 cells could fully spread and produce collagen-like fibrous matrix on the surface of SF microspheres. CLSM observations and the results of cell viability assay indicated that bFGF-loaded microspheres could significantly promote cell proliferation during five to nine days of culture, compared to bFGF-unloaded microspheres. This reveals that the bFGF released from SF microspheres retained obvious bioactivity to stimulate cell growth. Such microspheres sustainably releasing bioactive bFGF might be applied to massive cell culture and tissue engineering as a matrix directly, or after being combined with three-dimensional scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Longxing Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jiaming Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qian Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Nantong Textile and Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 266 New Century Avenue, Nantong 226000, China.
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18
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Hao X, Li Q, Wang H, Muhammad K, Guo J, Ren X, Shi C, Xia S, Zhang W, Feng Y. CAGW Modified Polymeric Micelles with Different Hydrophobic Cores for Efficient Gene Delivery and Capillary-like Tube Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2870-2878. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Khan Muhammad
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Amani H, Habibey R, Hajmiresmail SJ, Latifi S, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Akhavan O. Antioxidant nanomaterials in advanced diagnoses and treatments of ischemia reperfusion injuries. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9452-9476. [PMID: 32264560 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ ischemia with inadequate oxygen supply followed by reperfusion (which initiates a complex of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress) occurs in different clinical conditions and surgical procedures including stroke, myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, renal failure, organ transplantation, free-tissue-transfer, cardiopulmonary bypass, and vascular surgery. Even though pharmacological treatments protect against experimental ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, there has not been enough success in their application for patient benefits. The main hurdles in the treatment of I/R injury are the lack of diagnosis tools for understanding the complicated chains of I/R-induced signaling events, especially in the acute phase after ischemia, determining the affected regions of the tissue over time, and then, targeting and safe delivery of antioxidants, drugs, peptides, genes and cells to the areas requiring treatment. Besides the innate antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, some nanoparticles also show higher flexibility in drug delivery and imaging. This review highlights three main approaches in nanoparticle-mediated targeting of I/R injury: nanoparticles (1) as antioxidants for reducing tissue oxidative stress, (2) for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the ischemic regions or cells, and (3) for imaging I/R injury at the molecular, cellular or tissue level and monitoring its evolution using contrasts induced by nanoparticles. These approaches can also be combined to realize so called theranostics for providing simultaneous diagnosis of ischemic regions and treatments by targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Neamtu I, Rusu AG, Diaconu A, Nita LE, Chiriac AP. Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:539-557. [PMID: 28181831 PMCID: PMC8240973 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1276232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels in biomedical field are promising and innovative materials as dispersions of hydrogel nanoparticles based on crosslinked polymeric networks that have been called as next generation drug delivery systems due to their relatively high drug encapsulation capacity, uniformity, tunable size, ease of preparation, minimal toxicity, stability in the presence of serum, and stimuli responsiveness. Nanogels show a great potential in chemotherapy, diagnosis, organ targeting and delivery of bioactive substances. The main subjects reviewed in this article concentrates on: (i) Nanogel assimilation in the nanomedicine domain; (ii) Features and advantages of nanogels, the main characteristics, such as: swelling capacity, stimuli sensitivity, the great surface area, functionalization, bioconjugation and encapsulation of bioactive substances, which are taken into account in designing the structures according to the application; some data on the advantages and limitations of the preparation techniques; (iii) Recent progress in nanogels as a carrier of genetic material, protein and vaccine. The majority of the scientific literature presents the multivalency potential of bioconjugated nanogels in various conditions. Today's research focuses over the overcoming of the restrictions imposed by cost, some medical requirements and technological issues, for nanogels' commercial scale production and their integration as a new platform in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordana Neamtu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alina Diaconu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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Li R, Pang Z, He H, Lee S, Qin J, Wu J, Pang L, Wang J, Yang VC. Drug depot-anchoring hydrogel: A self-assembling scaffold for localized drug release and enhanced stem cell differentiation. J Control Release 2017; 261:234-245. [PMID: 28694033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Localized and long-term delivery of growth factors has been a long-standing challenge for stem cell-based tissue engineering. In the current study, a polymeric drug depot-anchoring hydrogel scaffold was developed for the sustained release of macromolecules to enhance the differentiation of stem cells. Self-assembling peptide (RADA16)-modified drug depots (RDDs) were prepared and anchored to a RADA16 hydrogel. The anchoring effect of RADA16 modification on the RDDs was tested both in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that the in vitro leakage of RDDs from the RADA16 hydrogel was significantly less than that of the unmodified drug depots (DDs). In addition, the in vivo retention of injected hydrogel-incorporated RDDs was significantly longer than that of hydrogel-incorporated unmodified DDs. A model drug, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was encapsulated in RDDs (V-RDDs) as drug depot that was then anchored to the hydrogel. The release of VEGF could be sustained for 4weeks. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were cultured on the V-RDDs-anchoring scaffold and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation were observed, compared with a VEGF-loaded scaffold. Furthermore, this scaffold laden with EPCs promoted neovascularization in an animal model of hind limb ischemia. These results demonstrate that self-assembling hydrogel-anchored drug-loaded RDDs are promising for localized and sustained drug release, and can effectively enhance the proliferation and differentiation of resident stem cells, thus lead to successful tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Seungjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
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Freudenberg U, Liang Y, Kiick KL, Werner C. Glycosaminoglycan-Based Biohybrid Hydrogels: A Sweet and Smart Choice for Multifunctional Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8861-8891. [PMID: 27461855 PMCID: PMC5152626 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) govern important functional characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissues. Incorporation of GAGs into biomaterials opens up new routes for the presentation of signaling molecules, providing control over development, homeostasis, inflammation, and tumor formation and progression. Recent approaches to GAG-based materials are reviewed, highlighting the formation of modular, tunable biohybrid hydrogels by covalent and non-covalent conjugation schemes, including both theory-driven design concepts and advanced processing technologies. Examples of the application of the resulting materials in biomedical studies are provided. For perspective, solid-phase and chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis methods for GAG-derived motifs, rational and high-throughput design strategies for GAG-based materials, and the utilization of the factor-scavenging characteristics of GAGs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingkai Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Yoon DS, Lee Y, Ryu HA, Jang Y, Lee KM, Choi Y, Choi WJ, Lee M, Park KM, Park KD, Lee JW. Cell recruiting chemokine-loaded sprayable gelatin hydrogel dressings for diabetic wound healing. Acta Biomater 2016; 38:59-68. [PMID: 27109762 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we developed horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed sprayable gelatin hydrogels (GH) as a bioactive wound dressing that can deliver cell-attracting chemotactic cytokines to the injured tissues for diabetic wound healing. We hypothesized that topical administration of chemokines using GH hydrogels might improve wound healing by inducing recruitment of the endogenous cells. Two types of chemokines (interleukin-8; IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α; MIP-3α) were simply loaded into GH hydrogels during in situ cross-linking, and then their wound-healing effects were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The incorporation of chemokines did not affect hydrogels properties including swelling ratio and mechanical stiffness, and the bioactivities of IL-8 and MIP-3α released from hydrogel matrices were stably maintained. In vivo transplantation of chemokine-loaded GH hydrogels facilitated cell infiltration into the wound area, and promoted wound healing with enhanced re-epithelialization/neovascularization and increased collagen deposition, compared with no treatment or the GH hydrogel alone. Based on our results, we suggest that cell-recruiting chemokine-loaded GH hydrogel dressing can serve as a delivery platform of various therapeutic proteins for wound healing applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite development of materials combined with therapeutic agents for diabetic wound treatment, impaired wound healing by insufficient chemotactic responses still remain as a significant problem. In this study, we have developed enzyme-catalyzed gelatin (GH) hydrogels as a sprayable dressing material that can deliver cell-attracting chemokines for diabetic wound healing. The chemotactic cytokines (IL-8 and MIP-3α) were simply loaded within hydrogel during in situ gelling, and wound healing efficacy of chemokine-loaded GH hydrogels was investigated in STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. These hydrogels significantly promoted wound-healing efficacy with faster wound closure, neovascularization, and thicker granulation. Therefore, we expect that HRP-catalyzed in situ forming GH hydrogels can serve as an injectable/sprayable carrier of various therapeutic agents for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun Aae Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Yeonsue Jang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Yoorim Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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In vitro studies of biocompatible thermo-responsive hydrogels with controlled-release basic fibroblast growth factor. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Wu T, Wu T, Zhang W, Decker AM, He J, Liu J, Wu Y, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Liang C, Zou D. Human Stem Cells Overexpressing miR-21 Promote Angiogenesis in Critical Limb Ischemia by Targeting CHIP to Enhance HIF-1α Activity. Stem Cells 2016; 34:924-34. [PMID: 26841045 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe blockage in the arteries of the lower extremities. However, the effective and optimal treatment for CLI remains to be elucidated. Previous therapeutic research is mainly focused on proangiogenic growth factors administrations. Recently, miR-21 has been revealed to play a crucial role in angiogenesis. Thus, we hypothesize that miR-21 over-expression in human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) can effectively treat CLI. Herein, UCBMSCs were transduced with lentivirus-miR-21-Luciferase (Lenti-miR-21) or lentivirus- LacZ-Luciferase (Lenti-LacZ). The results indicated that miR-21 induced UCBMSCs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Subsequently, general observation and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were introduced to detect perfusion in muscles of CLI-nude mice on 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 day postoperation. There was a significant improvement in blood vessels of the ischemic limb in Lenti-miR-21 group at 7 day compared with the saline or Lenti-LacZ groups. At 28 day, histological analysis confirmed that UCBMSCs over-expressing miR-21 increased neovascularization in CLI. Furthermore, carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) was found to be the target gene for miR-21-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in UCBMSCs. In summary, our study demonstrated that over-expressing miR-21 in UCBMSCs could improve neovascularization in CLI through enhancing HIF-1α activity by targeting CHIP, which may hold great therapeutic promise in treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Youming Zhu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Implant, and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Ann Marie Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiacai He
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Implant, and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Xinqun Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Implant, and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Implant, and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Duohong Zou
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR, China
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Jin K, Li B, Lou L, Xu Y, Ye X, Yao K, Ye J, Gao C. In vivo vascularization of MSC-loaded porous hydroxyapatite constructs coated with VEGF-functionalized collagen/heparin multilayers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19871. [PMID: 26794266 PMCID: PMC4726420 DOI: 10.1038/srep19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and adequate vascularization is vital to the long-term success of porous orbital enucleation implants. In this study, porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds coated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-functionalized collagen (COL)/heparin (HEP) multilayers (porosity 75%, pore size 316.8 ± 77.1 μm, VEGF dose 3.39 ng/mm3) were fabricated to enhance vascularization by inducing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells. The in vitro immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting results demonstrated that the expression of the endothelial differentiation markers CD31, Flk-1, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) was significantly increased in the HA/(COL/HEP)5/VEGF/MSCs group compared with the HA/VEGF/MSCs group. Moreover, the HA/(COL/HEP)5 scaffolds showed a better entrapment of the MSCs and accelerated cell proliferation. The in vivo assays showed that the number of newly formed vessels within the constructs after 28 d was significantly higher in the HA/(COL/HEP)5/VEGF/MSCs group (51.9 ± 6.3/mm2) than in the HA (26.7 ± 2.3/mm2) and HA/VEGF/MSCs (38.2 ± 2.4/mm2) groups. The qRT-PCR and western blotting results demonstrated that the HA/(COL/HEP)5/VEGF/MSCs group also had the highest expression of CD31, Flk-1, and vWF at both the mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Park JS, Yang HN, Yi SW, Kim JH, Park KH. Neoangiogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells transfected with peptide-loaded and gene-coated PLGA nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 76:226-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Park JS, Yi SW, Kim HJ, Park KH. Receptor-mediated gene delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells using hyaluronic acid-shielded polyethylenimine/pDNA nanogels. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:791-802. [PMID: 26572414 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been used as a vehicle to deliver genes to cancer cells and somatic cells. In this study, cationic polymers of PEI were shielded with anionic polymers of hyaluronic acid (HA) to safely and effectively deliver genes into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). HA interacted with CD44 in the plasma membranes of hMSCs to facilitate the internalization of HA-shielded PEI/pDNA complexes. The HA-shielded PEI/pDNA nanogels were confirmed by size changes, ζ-potential, and gel retardation assays. HA-shielded nanogels were easily internalized by hMSCs, and this was reduced by pretreatment with a specific monoclonal antibody that blocked CD44. By shielding PEI/pDNA complexes with HA, nanogels were easily internalized to hMSCs when it did not blocked by anti-CD44. These shielded nanogels were also easily internalized by HeLa cells, and this was reduced by pretreatment with an anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody. Following internalization of the SOX9 gene, chondrogenesis of hMSCs was increased, as determined by RT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and histological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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