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Fischer B, Gwinner F, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Danz K, Dehne A, Katsen-Globa A, Neubauer JC, Gentile L, Zimmermann H. A highly versatile biopolymer-based platform for the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes enables functional analysis in vitro and 3D printing of heart patches. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1600-1615. [PMID: 37317666 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent a valuable tool for in vitro modeling of the cardiac niche and possess great potential in tissue engineering applications. However, conventional polystyrene-based cell culture substrates have adverse effects on cardiomyocytes in vitro due to the stress applied by a stiff substrate on contractile cells. Ultra-high viscosity alginates offer a unique versatility as tunable substrates for cardiac cell cultures due to their biocompatibility, flexible biofunctionalization, and stability. In this work, we analyzed the effect of alginate substrates on hPSC-CM maturity and functionality. Alginate substrates in high-throughput compatible culture formats fostered a more mature gene expression and enabled the simultaneous assessment of chronotropic and inotropic effects upon beta-adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, we produced 3D-printed alginate scaffolds with differing mechanical properties and plated hPSC-CMs on the surface of these to create Heart Patches for tissue engineering applications. These exhibited synchronous macro-contractions in concert with more mature gene expression patterns and extensive intracellular alignment of sarcomeric structures. In conclusion, the combination of biofunctionalized alginates and human cardiomyocytes represents a valuable tool for both in vitro modeling and regenerative medicine, due to its beneficial effects on cardiomyocyte physiology, the possibility to analyze cardiac contractility, and its applicability as Heart Patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fischer
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Gwinner
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - M M Gepp
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - K Danz
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - A Dehne
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - A Katsen-Globa
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - J C Neubauer
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L Gentile
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - H Zimmermann
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, Gebäude A, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
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2
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Tufan Y, Öztatlı H, Doganay D, Buyuksungur A, Cicek MO, Döş İT, Berberoğlu Ç, Unalan HE, Garipcan B, Ercan B. Multifunctional Silk Fibroin/Carbon Nanofiber Scaffolds for In Vitro Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Energy Harvesting from Simulated Cardiac Motion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42271-42283. [PMID: 37643896 PMCID: PMC10510024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, cardiomyogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is combined with energy harvesting from simulated cardiac motion in vitro. To achieve this, silk fibroin (SF)-based porous scaffolds are designed to mimic the mechanical and physical properties of cardiac tissue and used as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) electrodes. The load-carrying mechanism, β-sheet content, degradation characteristics, and iPSC interactions of the scaffolds are observed to be interrelated and regulated by their pore architecture. The SF scaffolds with a pore size of 379 ± 34 μm, a porosity of 79 ± 1%, and a pore interconnectivity of 67 ± 1% upregulated the expression of cardiac-specific gene markers TNNT2 and NKX2.5 from iPSCs. Incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) enhances the elastic modulus of the scaffolds to 45 ± 3 kPa and results in an electrical conductivity of 0.021 ± 0.006 S/cm. The SF and SF/CNF scaffolds are used as conjugate TENG electrodes and generate a maximum power output of 0.37 × 10-3 mW/m2, with an open-circuit voltage and a short circuit current of 0.46 V and 4.5 nA, respectively, under simulated cardiac motion. A novel approach is demonstrated for fabricating scaffold-based cardiac patches that can serve as tissue scaffolds and simultaneously allow energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiğithan Tufan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Öztatlı
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Doga Doganay
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Buyuksungur
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melih Ogeday Cicek
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Tuğçe Döş
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağla Berberoğlu
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Husnu Emrah Unalan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Biomedical
Engineering Program, Middle East Technical
University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN,
Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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3
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van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Bakkers J, Batkai S, Bertrand L, Bezzina CR, Bot I, Brundel BJJM, Carrier L, Chamuleau S, Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, Davidson SM, Dendorfer A, Duncker DJ, Eschenhagen T, Fabritz L, Falcão-Pires I, Ferdinandy P, Giacca M, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyongyosi M, Guzik TJ, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Hilfiker A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hoekstra AG, Hulot JS, Kuster DWD, van Laake LW, Lecour S, Leiner T, Linke WA, Lumens J, Lutgens E, Madonna R, Maegdefessel L, Mayr M, van der Meer P, Passier R, Perbellini F, Perrino C, Pesce M, Priori S, Remme CA, Rosenhahn B, Schotten U, Schulz R, Sipido KR, Sluijter JPG, van Steenbeek F, Steffens S, Terracciano CM, Tocchetti CG, Vlasman P, Yeung KK, Zacchigna S, Zwaagman D, Thum T. Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3016-3051. [PMID: 34999816 PMCID: PMC9732557 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating research to improve diagnostics, and to discover and test novel preventive and curative therapies, all of which warrant experimental models that recapitulate human disease. The translation of basic science results to clinical practice is a challenging task, in particular for complex conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, which often result from multiple risk factors and comorbidities. This difficulty might lead some individuals to question the value of animal research, citing the translational 'valley of death', which largely reflects the fact that studies in rodents are difficult to translate to humans. This is also influenced by the fact that new, human-derived in vitro models can recapitulate aspects of disease processes. However, it would be a mistake to think that animal models do not represent a vital step in the translational pathway as they do provide important pathophysiological insights into disease mechanisms particularly on an organ and systemic level. While stem cell-derived human models have the potential to become key in testing toxicity and effectiveness of new drugs, we need to be realistic, and carefully validate all new human-like disease models. In this position paper, we highlight recent advances in trying to reduce the number of animals for cardiovascular research ranging from stem cell-derived models to in situ modelling of heart properties, bioinformatic models based on large datasets, and state-of-the-art animal models, which show clinically relevant characteristics observed in patients with a cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a guide to help researchers in their experimental design to translate bench findings to clinical routine taking the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3R) as a guiding concept.
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Grants
- R01 HL150359 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RG/16/14/32397 British Heart Foundation
- FS/18/37/33642 British Heart Foundation
- PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- PG/15/88/31780 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009, NH/19/1/34595, PG/18/35/33786, CS/17/4/32960, PG/15/88/31780, and PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- NC/T001488/1 National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
- PG/18/44/33790 British Heart Foundation
- CH/16/3/32406 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009 British Heart Foundation
- NWO-ZonMW
- ZonMW and Heart Foundation for the translational research program
- Dutch Cardiovascular Alliance (DCVA)
- Leducq Foundation
- Dutch Research Council
- Association of Collaborating Health Foundations (SGF)
- UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the DCVA
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON
- Stichting Hartekind and the Dutch Research Counsel (NWO) (OCENW.GROOT.2019.029)
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium and Action de Recherche Concertée de la Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles, Belgium
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON (PREDICT2 and CONCOR-genes projects), the Leducq Foundation
- ERA PerMed (PROCEED study)
- Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative
- Dutch Heart Foundation
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHH)
- Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland
- Tenovus Scotland
- Friends of Anchor and Grampian NHS-Endowments
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
- European Research Council (ERC-AG IndivuHeart), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- European Union Horizon 2020 (REANIMA and TRAINHEART)
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- European Union Horizon 2020
- DFG
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary
- Research Excellence Program—TKP; National Heart Program
- Austrian Science Fund
- European Union Commission’s Seventh Framework programme
- CVON2016-Early HFPEF
- CVON She-PREDICTS
- CVON Arena-PRIME
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Volkswagenstiftung
- French National Research Agency
- ERA-Net-CVD
- Fédération Française de Cardiologie, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- French PIA Project
- University Research Federation against heart failure
- Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Dekker Senior Clinical Scientist
- Health Holland TKI-LSH
- TUe/UMCU/UU Alliance Fund
- south African National Foundation
- Cancer Association of South Africa and Winetech
- Netherlands Heart Foundation/Applied & Engineering Sciences
- Dutch Technology Foundation
- Pie Medical Imaging
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Dr. Dekker Program
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: the Dutch Heart Foundation
- Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences for the GENIUS-II project
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (VICI grant); the European Research Council
- Incyte s.r.l. and from Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Junior Research Group & Translational Research Project), the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant NORVAS),
- Swedish Heart-Lung-Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care through the research project DigiMed Bayern
- ERC
- ERA-CVD
- Dutch Heart Foundation, ZonMw
- the NWO Gravitation project
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- Regione Lombardia
- Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
- ITN Network Personalize AF: Personalized Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation: a translational network
- MAESTRIA: Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Early Detection Stroke Atrial Fibrillation
- REPAIR: Restoring cardiac mechanical function by polymeric artificial muscular tissue
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
- European Union H2020 program to the project TECHNOBEAT
- EVICARE
- BRAV3
- ZonMw
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiac Regeneration
- British Heart Foundation studentship
- NC3Rs
- Interreg ITA-AUS project InCARDIO
- Italian Association for Cancer Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilze Bot
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- Department of Cardiology, Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Sciences and Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- UnIC - Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyongyosi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Instutute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Division Cardiology, Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy and in Oncologic Therapies, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Priori
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bodo Rosenhahn
- Institute for information Processing, Leibniz University of Hanover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Steenbeek
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patricia Vlasman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Dayenne Zwaagman
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Pieroth S, Heras‐Bautista CO, Hamad S, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Pfannkuche K, Schmidt AM. Poly(acrylamide) Spheroids with Tunable Elasticity for Scalable Cell Culture Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pieroth
- Chemistry Department Institute for Physical Chemistry University of Cologne 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Carlos O. Heras‐Bautista
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology Institute for Neurophysiology University of Cologne Medical Faculty and University Hospital 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Sarkawt Hamad
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology Institute for Neurophysiology University of Cologne Medical Faculty and University Hospital 50931 Cologne Germany
- Biology Department Faculty of Science Soran University Soran Kurdistan Region JGXP+9QW Iraq
- Marga‐and‐Walter‐Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering University of Cologne 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Hospital of Cologne 50937 Cologne Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology Institute for Neurophysiology University of Cologne Medical Faculty and University Hospital 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology Institute for Neurophysiology University of Cologne Medical Faculty and University Hospital 50931 Cologne Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Hospital of Cologne 50937 Cologne Germany
- Marga‐and‐Walter‐Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering University of Cologne 50931 Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) University of Cologne 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Annette M. Schmidt
- Chemistry Department Institute for Physical Chemistry University of Cologne 50939 Cologne Germany
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5
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Jahn P, Karger RK, Soso Khalaf S, Hamad S, Peinkofer G, Sahito RGA, Pieroth S, Nitsche F, Lu J, Derichsweiler D, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Schmidt A, Pfannkuche KP. Engineering of cardiac microtissues by microfluidic cell encapsulation in thermoshrinking non-crosslinked PNIPAAm gels. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35617928 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac73b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular agglomerates in form of irregularly shaped or spherical clusters can recapitulate cell-cell interactions and are referred to as microtissues. Microtissues gain increasing attention in several fields including cardiovascular research. Cardiac microtissues are evolving as excellent model systems for drug testing in vitro (organ-on-a-chip), are used as tissue bricks in 3D printing processes and pave the way for improved cell replacement therapies in vivo. Microtissues are formed for example in hanging drop culture or specialized microwell plates; truly scalable methods are not yet available. In this study, a novel method of encapsulation of cells in Poly-N-isopropylacrylamid (PNIPAAm) spheres is introduced. Murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were encapsulated in PNIPAAm by raising the temperature of droplets formed in a microfluidics setup above the lower critical solute temperature (LCST) of 32°C. PNIPAAM precipitates to a water-insoluble physically linked gel above the LCST and shrinks by the expulsion of water, thereby trapping the cells in a collapsing polymer network and increasing the cell density by one order of magnitude. Within 24 hours, stable cardiac microtissues were first formed and later released from their polymer shell by washout of PNIPAAm at temperatures below the LCST. Rhythmically contracting microtissues showed homogenous cell distribution, age-dependent sarcomere organizations and action potential generation. The novel approach is applicable for microtissue formation from various cell types and can be implemented into scalable workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jahn
- University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50924, GERMANY
| | - Rebecca Katharina Karger
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
| | - Shahab Soso Khalaf
- University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
| | - Sarkawt Hamad
- University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
| | - Gabriel Peinkofer
- University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
| | | | - Stephanie Pieroth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, Koln, 50923, GERMANY
| | - Frank Nitsche
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50674, GERMANY
| | - Junqi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50939, GERMANY
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, 50924, GERMANY
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Department Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50923, GERMANY
| | - Kurt Paul Pfannkuche
- University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50931, GERMANY
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6
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Pätzold F, Stamm N, Kamps D, Specht M, Bolduan P, Dehmelt L, Weberskirch R. Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Hydrogels from Thiolated Copolymers for Independent Manipulation of Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Cell Substrates. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100453. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pätzold
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 TU Dortmund University Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
| | - Nils Stamm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 TU Dortmund University Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
| | - Dominic Kamps
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 11 Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
| | - Maria Specht
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 TU Dortmund University Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
| | - Patrick Bolduan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 TU Dortmund University Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 11 Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
| | - Ralf Weberskirch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 TU Dortmund University Dortmund D‐44227 Germany
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7
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Huethorst E, Mortensen P, Simitev RD, Gao H, Pohjolainen L, Talman V, Ruskoaho H, Burton FL, Gadegaard N, Smith GL. Conventional rigid 2D substrates cause complex contractile signals in monolayers of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2021; 600:483-507. [PMID: 34761809 PMCID: PMC9299844 DOI: 10.1113/jp282228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CM) in monolayers interact mechanically via cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion. Spatiotemporal features of contraction were analysed in hiPSC‐CM monolayers (1) attached to glass or plastic (Young's modulus (E) >1 GPa), (2) detached (substrate‐free) and (3) attached to a flexible collagen hydrogel (E = 22 kPa). The effects of isoprenaline on contraction were compared between rigid and flexible substrates. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, further gene expression and computational studies were performed. HiPSC‐CM monolayers exhibited multiphasic contractile profiles on rigid surfaces in contrast to hydrogels, substrate‐free cultures or single cells where only simple twitch‐like time‐courses were observed. Isoprenaline did not change the contraction profile on either surface, but its lusitropic and chronotropic effects were greater in hydrogel compared with glass. There was no significant difference between stiff and flexible substrates in regard to expression of the stress‐activated genes NPPA and NPPB. A computational model of cell clusters demonstrated similar complex contractile interactions on stiff substrates as a consequence of cell‐to‐cell functional heterogeneity. Rigid biomaterial surfaces give rise to unphysiological, multiphasic contractions in hiPSC‐CM monolayers. Flexible substrates are necessary for normal twitch‐like contractility kinetics and interpretation of inotropic interventions.
![]() Key points Spatiotemporal contractility analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC‐CM) monolayers seeded on conventional, rigid surfaces (glass or plastic) revealed the presence of multiphasic contraction patterns across the monolayer with a high variability, despite action potentials recorded in the same areas being identical. These multiphasic patterns are not present in single cells, in detached monolayers or in monolayers seeded on soft substrates such as a hydrogel, where only ‘twitch’‐like transients are observed. HiPSC‐CM monolayers that display a high percentage of regions with multiphasic contraction have significantly increased contractile duration and a decreased lusotropic drug response. There is no indication that the multiphasic contraction patterns are associated with significant activation of the stress‐activated NPPA or NPPB signalling pathways. A computational model of cell clusters supports the biological findings that the rigid surface and the differential cell–substrate adhesion underly multiphasic contractile behaviour of hiPSC‐CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Huethorst
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Mortensen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Radostin D Simitev
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lotta Pohjolainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francis L Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Yin S, Cao Y. Hydrogels for Large-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:1-20. [PMID: 33746032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells demonstrate considerable promise for various preclinical and clinical applications, including drug screening, disease treatments, and regenerative medicine. Producing high-quality and large amounts of stem cells is in demand for these applications. Despite challenges, as hydrogel-based cell culture technology has developed, tremendous progress has been made in stem cell expansion and directed differentiation. Hydrogels are soft materials with abundant water. Many hydrogel properties, including biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity, have been shown to play essential roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The biochemical and physical properties of hydrogels can be specifically tailored to mimic the native microenvironment that various stem cells reside in vivo. A few hydrogel-based systems have been developed for successful stem cell cultures and expansion in vitro. In this review, we summarize various types of hydrogels that have been designed to effectively enhance the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), respectively. According to each stem cell type's preference, we also discuss strategies for fabricating hydrogels with biochemical and mechanical cues and other characteristics representing microenvironments of stem cells in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review article we summarize current progress on the construction of hydrogel systems for the culture and expansion of various stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The Significance includes: (1) Provide detailed discussion on the stem cell niches that should be considered for stem cell in vitro expansion. (2) Summarize various strategies to construct hydrogels that can largely recapture the microenvironment of native stem cells. (3) Suggest a few future directions that can be implemented to improve current in vitro stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057.
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9
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Öztürk-Öncel MÖ, Heras-Bautista CO, Uzun L, Hür D, Hescheler J, Pfannkuche K, Garipcan B. Impact of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surface Modification with Conventional and Amino Acid-Conjugated Self-Assembled Monolayers on the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1539-1551. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Özgen Öztürk-Öncel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Campus, Rasathane Cd. Uskudar, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carlos O. Heras-Bautista
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Hür
- Department of Chemistry, Eskisehir Technical University, 2 Eylül Campus Tepebaşı, 26555 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Campus, Rasathane Cd. Uskudar, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Daliri K, Pfannkuche K, Garipcan B. Effects of physicochemical properties of polyacrylamide (PAA) and (polydimethylsiloxane) PDMS on cardiac cell behavior. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1156-1172. [PMID: 33427281 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell culture is commonly applied in laboratories around the world. Cultured cells are either of primary origin or established cell lines. Such transformed cell lines are increasingly replaced by pluripotent stem cell derived organotypic cells with more physiological properties. The quality of the culture conditions and matrix environment is of considerable importance in this regard. In fact, mechanical cues of the extracellular matrix have substantial effects on the cellular physiology. This is especially true if contractile cells such as cardiomyocytes are cultured. Therefore, elastic biomaterials have been introduced as scaffolds in 2D and 3D culture models for different cell types, cardiac cells among them. In this review, key aspects of cell-matrix interaction are highlighted with focus on cardiomyocytes and chemical properties as well as strengths and potential pitfalls in using two commonly applied polymers for soft matrix engineering, polyacrylamide (PAA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Daliri
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany. and Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Germany and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Cengelkoy, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Erkoc-Biradli FZ, Ozgun A, Öztürk-Öncel MÖ, Marcali M, Elbuken C, Bulut O, Rasier R, Garipcan B. Bioinspired hydrogel surfaces to augment corneal endothelial cell monolayer formation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:244-255. [PMID: 33448665 DOI: 10.1002/term.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) have limited proliferation ability leading to corneal endothelium (CE) dysfunction and eventually vision loss when cell number decreases below a critical level. Although transplantation is the main treatment method, donor shortage problem is a major bottleneck. The transplantation of in vitro developed endothelial cells with desirable density is a promising idea. Designing cell substrates that mimic the native CE microenvironment is a substantial step to achieve this goal. In the presented study, we prepared polyacrylamide (PA) cell substrates that have a microfabricated topography inspired by the dimensions of CECs. Hydrogel surfaces were prepared via two different designs with small and large patterns. Small patterned hydrogels have physiologically relevant hexagon densities (∼2000 hexagons/mm2 ), whereas large patterned hydrogels have sparsely populated hexagons (∼400 hexagons/mm2 ). These substrates have similar elastic modulus of native Descemet's membrane (DM; ∼50 kPa) and were modified with Collagen IV (Col IV) to have biochemical content similar to native DM. The behavior of bovine corneal endothelial cells on these substrates was investigated and results show that cell proliferation on small patterned substrates was significantly (p = 0.0004) higher than the large patterned substrates. Small patterned substrates enabled a more densely populated cell monolayer compared to other groups (p = 0.001 vs. flat and p < 0.0001 vs. large patterned substrates). These results suggest that generating bioinspired surface topographies augments the formation of CE monolayers with the desired cell density, addressing the in vitro development of CE layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zehra Erkoc-Biradli
- (Bio)3 Research laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Ozgun
- (Bio)3 Research laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Marcali
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caglar Elbuken
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Osman Bulut
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Rasier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- (Bio)3 Research laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure is among the most prevalent disease complexes overall and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The underlying aetiology is manifold including coronary artery disease, genetic alterations and mutations, viral infections, adverse immune responses, and cardiac toxicity. To date, no specific therapies have been developed despite notable efforts. This can especially be attributed to hurdles in translational research, mainly due to the lack of proficient models of heart failure limited translation of therapeutic approaches from bench to bedside. RECENT FINDINGS Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are rising in popularity, granting the ability to divide infinitely, to hold human, patient-specific genome, and to differentiate into any human cell, including cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). This brings magnificent promise to cardiological research, providing the possibility to recapitulate cardiac diseases in a dish. Advances in yield, maturity, and in vivo resemblance due to straightforward, low-cost protocols, high-throughput approaches, and complex 3D cultures have made this tool widely applicable. In recent years, hiPSC-CMs have been used to model a wide variety of cardiac diseases, bringing along the possibility to not only elucidate molecular mechanisms but also to test novel therapeutic approaches in the dish. Within the last decade, hiPSC-CMs have been exponentially employed to model heart failure. Constant advancements are aiming at improvements of differentiation protocols, hiPSC-CM maturity, and assays to elucidate molecular mechanisms and cellular functions. However, hiPSC-CMs are remaining relatively immature, and in vitro models can only partially recapitulate the complex interactions in vivo. Nevertheless, hiPSC-CMs have evolved as an essential model system in cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Deicher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timon Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Peinkofer G, Maass M, Pfannkuche K, Sachinidis A, Baldus S, Hescheler J, Saric T, Halbach M. Persistence of intramyocardially transplanted murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from different developmental stages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:46. [PMID: 33419458 PMCID: PMC7792075 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) are regarded as promising cell type for cardiac cell replacement therapy, but it is not known whether the developmental stage influences their persistence and functional integration in the host tissue, which are crucial for a long-term therapeutic benefit. To investigate this, we first tested the cell adhesion capability of murine iPSC-CM in vitro at three different time points during the differentiation process and then examined cell persistence and quality of electrical integration in the infarcted myocardium in vivo. Methods To test cell adhesion capabilities in vitro, iPSC-CM were seeded on fibronectin-coated cell culture dishes and decellularized ventricular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. After fixed periods of time, stably attached cells were quantified. For in vivo experiments, murine iPSC-CM expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein was injected into infarcted hearts of adult mice. After 6–7 days, viable ventricular tissue slices were prepared to enable action potential (AP) recordings in transplanted iPSC-CM and surrounding host cardiomyocytes. Afterwards, slices were lysed, and genomic DNA was prepared, which was then used for quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate grafted iPSC-CM count. Results The in vitro results indicated differences in cell adhesion capabilities between day 14, day 16, and day 18 iPSC-CM with day 14 iPSC-CM showing the largest number of attached cells on ECM scaffolds. After intramyocardial injection, day 14 iPSC-CM showed a significant higher cell count compared to day 16 iPSC-CM. AP measurements revealed no significant difference in the quality of electrical integration and only minor differences in AP properties between d14 and d16 iPSC-CM. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that the developmental stage at the time of transplantation is crucial for the persistence of transplanted iPSC-CM. iPSC-CM at day 14 of differentiation showed the highest persistence after transplantation in vivo, which may be explained by a higher capability to adhere to the extracellular matrix. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02089-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Peinkofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Martina Maass
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular GvHD Competence Center (P.S.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Tomo Saric
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 37, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Modeling Cardiovascular Diseases with hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes in 2D and 3D Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093404. [PMID: 32403456 PMCID: PMC7246991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the generation of cardiac disease models based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become of common use, providing new opportunities to overcome the lack of appropriate cardiac models. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), several lines of evidence indicate that two-dimensional (2D) cell culturing presents significant limitations, including hiPS-CMs immaturity and the absence of interaction between different cell types and the extracellular matrix. More recently, new advances in bioengineering and co-culture systems have allowed the generation of three-dimensional (3D) constructs based on hiPSC-derived cells. Within these systems, biochemical and physical stimuli influence the maturation of hiPS-CMs, which can show structural and functional properties more similar to those present in adult cardiomyocytes. In this review, we describe the latest advances in 2D- and 3D-hiPSC technology for cardiac disease mechanisms investigation, drug development, and therapeutic studies.
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15
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Ng R, Sewanan LR, Brill AL, Stankey P, Li X, Qyang Y, Ehrlich BE, Campbell SG. Contractile work directly modulates mitochondrial protein levels in human engineered heart tissues. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1516-H1524. [PMID: 32383992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00055.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) have emerged as a robust in vitro model to study cardiac physiology. Although biomimetic culture environments have been developed to better approximate in vivo conditions, currently available methods do not permit full recapitulation of the four phases of the cardiac cycle. We have developed a bioreactor which allows EHTs to undergo cyclic loading sequences that mimic in vivo work loops. EHTs cultured under these working conditions exhibited enhanced concentric contractions but similar isometric contractions compared with EHTs cultured isometrically. EHTs that were allowed to shorten cyclically in culture had increased capacity for contractile work when tested acutely. Increased work production was correlated with higher levels of mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial biogenesis; this effect was eliminated when tissues were cyclically shortened in the presence of a myosin ATPase inhibitor. Leveraging our novel in vitro method to precisely apply mechanical loads in culture, we grew EHTs under two loading regimes prescribing the same work output but with different associated afterloads. These groups showed no difference in mitochondrial protein expression. In loading regimes with the same afterload but different work output, tissues subjected to higher work demand exhibited elevated levels of mitochondrial protein. Our findings suggest that regulation of mitochondrial mass in cultured human EHTs is potently modulated by the mechanical work the tissue is permitted to perform in culture, presumably communicated through ATP demand. Precise application of mechanical loads to engineered heart tissues in culture represents a novel in vitro method for studying physiological and pathological cardiac adaptation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, we present a novel bioreactor that allows for active length control of engineered heart tissues during extended tissue culture. Specific length transients were designed so that engineered heart tissues generated complete cardiac work loops. Chronic culture with various work loops suggests that mitochondrial mass and biogenesis are directly regulated by work output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allison L Brill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul Stankey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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16
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Schwach V, Passier R. Native cardiac environment and its impact on engineering cardiac tissue. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3566-3580. [PMID: 31338495 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) generally have an immature fetal-like phenotype when directly compared to isolated CMs from human hearts, despite significant advance in differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to multiple cardiac lineages. Therefore, hPSC-CMs may not accurately mimic all facets of healthy and diseased human adult CMs. During embryonic development, the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) experiences a gradual assembly of matrix proteins that transits along the maturation of CMs. Mimicking these dynamic stages may contribute to hPSC-CMs maturation in vitro. Thus, in this review, we describe the progressive build-up of the cardiac ECM during embryonic development, the ECM of the adult human heart and the application of natural and synthetic biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering with hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schwach
- Dept of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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17
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Jang Y, Choi SC, Lim DS, Kim JH, Kim J, Park Y. Modulating cardiomyocyte and fibroblast interaction using layer-by-layer deposition facilitates synchronisation of cardiac macro tissues. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:428-434. [PMID: 31799582 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maturation and synchronisation of heart cells, including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, are essential to develop functional biomimetic cardiac tissues for regenerative medicine and drug discovery. Synchronisation of cells in the biomimetic cardiac tissue requires the structural integrity and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes with other cell types. However, it is challenging to synchronise the beating of macroscale cardiac tissues and induce maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells. Here, we developed a simple assembly technology to modulate cell-cell interactions by combining layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition and centrifugation of cells with collagen type I to control cell-cell interactions for the preparation of cardiac macro tissues (CMTs). We found that maturation of cardiomyocytes in CMTs was largely enhanced by growth factors FGF-4 and ascorbic acid, but synchronisation of cardiac beating required LBL deposition of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in addition to the growth factors during the maturation process. Our findings have important implications because incorporation of cardiac fibroblasts into the cardiomyocyte layer is a prerequisite for synchronised beating of macroscale cardiac tissues in addition to growth factors to facilitate maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Heras-Bautista CO, Mikhael N, Lam J, Shinde V, Katsen-Globa A, Dieluweit S, Molcanyi M, Uvarov V, Jütten P, Sahito RG, Mederos-Henry F, Piechot A, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Pfannkuche K. Cardiomyocytes facing fibrotic conditions re-express extracellular matrix transcripts. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:180-192. [PMID: 30862552 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions, such as myocardial infarction and mechanical overload affect the mammalian heart integrity, leading to a stiffened fibrotic tissue. With respect to the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis but also in the limelight of upcoming approaches of cardiac cell therapy it is of interest to decipher the interaction of cardiomyocytes with fibrotic matrix. Therefore, we designed a hydrogel-based model to engineer fibrotic tissue in vitro as an approach to predict the behavior of cardiomyocytes facing increased matrix rigidity. Here, we generated pure induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and cultured them on engineered polyacrylamide hydrogels matching the elasticities of healthy as well as fibrotic cardiac tissue. Only in cardiomyocytes cultured on matrices with fibrotic-like elasticity, transcriptional profiling revealed a substantial up-regulation of a whole panel of cardiac fibrosis-associated transcripts, including collagen I and III, decorin, lumican, and periostin. In addition, matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, known to be essential in cardiac remodeling, were found to be elevated as well as insulin-like growth factor 2. Control experiments with primary cardiac fibroblasts were analyzed and did not show comparable behavior. In conclusion, we do not only present a snapshot on the transcriptomic fingerprint alterations in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions but also provide a new reproducible approach to study the effects of fibrotic environments to various cell types. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ageing population in many western countries is faced with an increasing burden of ageing-related diseases such as heart failure which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the interaction of organotypic cells with altered extracellular matrix mechanical properties is of pivotal importance to understand the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a strategy to combine hydrogel matrices with induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes to study the effect of matrix stiffening on these cells. Our findings suggest an active role of matrix stiffening on cardiomyocyte function and heart failure progression.
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19
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Rodriguez ML, Beussman KM, Chun KS, Walzer MS, Yang X, Murry CE, Sniadecki NJ. Substrate Stiffness, Cell Anisotropy, and Cell-Cell Contact Contribute to Enhanced Structural and Calcium Handling Properties of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3876-3888. [PMID: 33438427 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be utilized to understand the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of heart disease, as well as to develop better interventions and treatments for this disease. However, these cells are structurally and functionally immature, which undermines some of their adequacy in modeling adult heart tissue. Previous studies with immature cardiomyocytes have shown that altering substrate stiffness, cell anisotropy, and/or cell-cell contact can enhance the contractile and structural maturation of hPSC-CMs. In this study, the structural and calcium handling properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) were enhanced by exposure to a downselected combination of these three maturation stimuli. First, hESC-CMs were seeded onto substrates composed of two commercial formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Sylgard 184 and Sylgard 527, whose stiffness ranged from 5 kPa to 101 kPa. Upon analyzing the morphological and calcium transient properties of these cells, it was concluded that a 21 kPa substrate yielded cells with the highest degree of maturation. Next, these PDMS substrates were microcontact-printed with laminin to force the cultured cells into rod-shaped geometries using line patterns that were 12, 18, or 24 μm in width. We found that cells on the 18 and 24 μm pattern widths had structural and functional properties that were superior to those on the 12 μm pattern. The hESC-CMs were then seeded onto these line-stamped surfaces at a density of 500 000 cells per 25-mm-diameter substrate, to enable the formation of cell-cell contacts at their distal ends. We discovered that this combination of culture conditions resulted in cells that were more structurally and functionally mature than those that were only exposed to one or two stimuli. Our results suggest that downselecting a combination of mechanobiological stimuli could prove to be an effective means of maturing hPSC-CMs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita L Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Katherine S Chun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Melissa S Walzer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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20
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Wanjare M, Huang NF. Regulation of the microenvironment for cardiac tissue engineering. Regen Med 2017; 12:187-201. [PMID: 28244821 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of myocardium plays an important role in the fate and function of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Cardiovascular tissue engineering strategies commonly utilize stem cell sources in conjunction with microenvironmental cues that often include biochemical, electrical, spatial and biomechanical factors. Microenvironmental stimulation of CMs, in addition to the incorporation of intercellular interactions from non-CMs, results in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs. Current studies suggest that use of these factors when engineering cardiac constructs improve cardiac function when implanted in vivo. In this review, we summarize the approaches to modulate biochemical, electrical, biomechanical and spatial factors to induce CM differentiation and their subsequent organization for cardiac tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Wanjare
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Tonlorenzi R, Rossi G, Messina G. Isolation and Characterization of Vessel-Associated Stem/Progenitor Cells from Skeletal Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1556:149-177. [PMID: 28247349 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
More than 10 years ago, we isolated from mouse embryonic dorsal aorta a population of vessel-associated stem/progenitor cells, originally named mesoangioblasts (MABs ) , capable to differentiate in all mesodermal-derived tissues, including skeletal muscle. Similar though not identical cells have been later isolated and characterized from small vessels of adult mouse and human skeletal muscles. When delivered through the arterial circulation, MABs cross the blood vessel wall and participate in skeletal muscle regeneration , leading to an amelioration of muscular dystrophies in different preclinical animal models. As such, human MABs have been used under clinical-grade conditions for a Phase I/II clinical trial for Duchenne muscular dystrophy , just concluded. Although some pericyte markers can be used to identify mouse and human MABs , no single unequivocal marker can be used to isolate MABs . As a result, MABs are mainly defined by their isolation method and functional properties. This chapter provides detailed methods for isolation, culture, and characterization of MABs in light of the recent identification of a new marker, PW1 /Peg3, to screen and identify competent MABs before their use in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Tonlorenzi
- INSPE (Institute of Experimental Neurology) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rossi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Jung KB, Son YS, Lee H, Jung CR, Kim J, Son MY. Transcriptome dynamics of human pluripotent stem cell-derived contracting cardiomyocytes using an embryoid body model with fetal bovine serum. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1565-1574. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation protocols did not promote the sufficient expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation for generating adult-like mature CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
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23
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Katsen-Globa A, Puetz N, Gepp MM, Neubauer JC, Zimmermann H. Study of SEM preparation artefacts with correlative microscopy: Cell shrinkage of adherent cells by HMDS-drying. SCANNING 2016; 38:625-633. [PMID: 26878999 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the often reported artefacts during cell preparation to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is the shrinkage of cellular objects, that mostly occurs at a certain time-dependent stage of cell drying. Various methods of drying for SEM, such as critical point drying, freeze-drying, as well as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-drying, were usually used. The latter becomes popular since it is a low cost and fast method. However, the correlation of drying duration and real shrinkage of objects was not investigated yet. In this paper, cell shrinkage at each stage of preparation for SEM was studied. We introduce a shrinkage coefficient using correlative light microscopy (LM) and SEM of the same human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The influence of HMDS-drying duration on the cell shrinkage is shown: the longer drying duration, the more shrinkage is observed. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that cell shrinkage is inversely proportional to cultivation time: the longer cultivation time, the more cell spreading area and the less cell shrinkage. Our results can be applicable for an exact SEM quantification of cell size and determination of cell spreading area in engineering of artificial cellular environments using biomaterials. SCANNING 38:625-633, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Katsen-Globa
- Department for Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Norbert Puetz
- Chair of Anatomy, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Gepp
- Department for Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Department for Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Department for Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Chair of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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24
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Calderon D, Bardot E, Dubois N. Probing early heart development to instruct stem cell differentiation strategies. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1130-1144. [PMID: 27580352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have studied organs and their development for centuries and, along that path, described models and mechanisms explaining the developmental principles of organogenesis. In particular, with respect to the heart, new fundamental discoveries are reported continuously that keep changing the way we think about early cardiac development. These discoveries are driven by the need to answer long-standing questions regarding the origin of the earliest cells specified to the cardiac lineage, the differentiation potential of distinct cardiac progenitor cells, and, very importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying these specification events. As evidenced by numerous examples, the wealth of developmental knowledge collected over the years has had an invaluable impact on establishing efficient strategies to generate cardiovascular cell types ex vivo, from either pluripotent stem cells or via direct reprogramming approaches. The ability to generate functional cardiovascular cells in an efficient and reliable manner will contribute to therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and morbidity. Here we will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of cardiac progenitor biology and their translation to the pluripotent stem cell model to illustrate how developmental concepts have instructed regenerative model systems in the past and promise to do so in the future. Developmental Dynamics 245:1130-1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damelys Calderon
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Evan Bardot
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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25
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Fischer B, Schulz A, Gepp MM, Neubauer J, Gentile L, Zimmermann H. 3D printing of hydrogels in a temperature controlled environment with high spatial resolution. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2016-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There is great hope in 3D printing techniques to create patient specific scaffolds for therapeutic applications. The majority of these approaches rely on materials that both give support to cells and effectively mimic a tissue specific microenvironment. Hydrogels provide an exceptional support for cells but their physicochemical properties are not suited for conventional additive layer manufacturing. Their low viscosity and resulting fluidic nature inhibit voluminous 3D deposition and lead to crude printing accuracy. To enhance mechanical features, hydrogels are often chemically modified and/or mixed with additives; however it is not clear whether these changes induce effects on cellular behavior or if in vivo applications are at risk. Certainly it increases the complexity of scaffold systems. To circumvent these obstacles, we aimed for a 3D printing technique which is capable of creating scaffolds out of unmodified, pure hydrogels. Here we present a new method to produce alginate scaffolds in a viscosity- independent manner with high spatial resolution. This is achieved by printing in a sub-zero environment which leads to fast freezing of the hydrogels, thus preserving the printed shape and circumventing any viscosity dependent flows. This enables the user to create scaffolds which are able to reflect soft or stiff cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Michael M. Gepp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Luca Gentile
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Chair of molecular and cellular biotechnology, Saarland University; and Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Organ and tissue loss through disease and injury motivate the development of therapies that can regenerate tissues and decrease reliance on transplantations. Regenerative medicine, an interdisciplinary field that applies engineering and life science principles to promote regeneration, can potentially restore diseased and injured tissues and whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, a number of regenerative medicine therapies, including those designed for wound healing and orthopedics applications, have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and are now commercially available. These therapies and other regenerative medicine approaches currently being studied in preclinical and clinical settings will be covered in this review. Specifically, developments in fabricating sophisticated grafts and tissue mimics and technologies for integrating grafts with host vasculature will be discussed. Enhancing the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the host by altering its environment, whether with cell injections or immune modulation, will be addressed, as well as methods for exploiting recently developed cell sources. Finally, we propose directions for current and future regenerative medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo S Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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27
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Dzhoyashvili NA, Shen S, Rochev YA. Natural and Synthetic Materials for Self-Renewal, Long-Term Maintenance, and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2342-59. [PMID: 25867178 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have attracted considerable attention from the public, clinicians, and scientists since their discovery in 2006, and raised huge expectations for regenerative medicine. One of the distinctive features of iPSCs is their propensity to differentiate into the cells of three germ lines in vitro and in vivo. The human iPSCs can be used to study the mechanisms underlying a disease and to monitor the disease progression, for testing drugs in vitro, and for cell therapy, avoiding many ethical and immunologic concerns. This technology offers the potential to take an individual approach to each patient and allows a more accurate diagnosis and specific treatment. However, there are several obstacles that impede the use of iPSCs. The derivation of fully reprogrammed iPSCs is expensive, time-consuming, and demands meticulous attention to many details. The use of biomaterials could increase the efficacy and safety while decreasing the cost of tissue engineering. The choice of a substrate utilized for iPSC culture is also important because cell-substrate contacts influence cellular behavior such as self-renewal, expansion, and differentiation. This Progress Report aims to summarize the advantages and drawbacks of natural and synthetic biomaterials, and to evaluate their role for maintenance and differentiation of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Dzhoyashvili
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland; Galway (NUIG), University Road Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road Dangan Galway Ireland
| | - Sanbing Shen
- School of Medicine; National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG); University Road Galway Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI); Biosciences Research Building; Newcastle Road Dangan Galway Ireland
| | - Yury A. Rochev
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland; Galway (NUIG), University Road Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road Dangan Galway Ireland
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28
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Patel AK, Celiz AD, Rajamohan D, Anderson DG, Langer R, Davies MC, Alexander MR, Denning C. A defined synthetic substrate for serum-free culture of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes with improved functional maturity identified using combinatorial materials microarrays. Biomaterials 2015; 61:257-65. [PMID: 26005764 PMCID: PMC4780257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human stem cells have applications in regenerative medicine and can provide models for heart disease and toxicity screening. Soluble components of the culture system such as growth factors within serum and insoluble components such as the substrate on which cells adhere to are important variables controlling the biological activity of cells. Using a combinatorial materials approach we develop a synthetic, chemically defined cellular niche for the support of functional cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-CMs) in a serum-free fully defined culture system. Almost 700 polymers were synthesized and evaluated for their utility as growth substrates. From this group, 20 polymers were identified that supported cardiomyocyte adhesion and spreading. The most promising 3 polymers were scaled up for extended culture of hESC-CMs for 15 days and were characterized using patch clamp electrophysiology and myofibril analysis to find that functional and structural phenotype was maintained on these synthetic substrates without the need for coating with extracellular matrix protein. In addition, we found that hESC-CMs cultured on a co-polymer of isobornyl methacrylate and tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate exhibited significantly longer sarcomeres relative to gelatin control. The potential utility of increased structural integrity was demonstrated in an in vitro toxicity assay that found an increase in detection sensitivity of myofibril disruption by the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin at a concentration of 0.05 µM in cardiomyocytes cultured on the co-polymer compared to 0.5 µM on gelatin. The chemical moieties identified in this large-scale screen provide chemically defined conditions for the culture and manipulation of hESC-CMs, as well as a framework for the rational design of superior biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha K Patel
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modeling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam D Celiz
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Divya Rajamohan
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modeling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martyn C Davies
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Chris Denning
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modeling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Qiu Y, Bayomy AF, Gomez MV, Bauer M, Du P, Yang Y, Zhang X, Liao R. A role for matrix stiffness in the regulation of cardiac side population cell function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H990-7. [PMID: 25724498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00935.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the local microenvironment may have important influence on the fate and function of adult tissue progenitor cells, altering the regenerative process. This is particularly critical following a myocardial infarction, in which the normal, compliant myocardial tissue is replaced with fibrotic, stiff scar tissue. In this study, we examined the effects of matrix stiffness on adult cardiac side population (CSP) progenitor cell behavior. Ovine and murine CSP cells were isolated and cultured on polydimethylsiloxane substrates, replicating the elastic moduli of normal and fibrotic myocardium. Proliferation capacity and cell cycling were increased in CSP cells cultured on the stiff substrate with an associated reduction in cardiomyogeneic differentiation and accelerated cell ageing. In addition, culture on stiff substrate stimulated upregulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins gene expression in CSP cells. Collectively, we demonstrate that microenvironment properties, including matrix stiffness, play a critical role in regulating progenitor cell functions of endogenous resident CSP cells. Understanding the effects of the tissue microenvironment on resident cardiac progenitor cells is a critical step toward achieving functional cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Qiu
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmad F Bayomy
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Marcus V Gomez
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Bauer
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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