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Kaimari S, Kamalakar A, Goudy SL. Biomedical engineering approaches for the delivery of JAGGED1 as a potential tissue regenerative therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1217211. [PMID: 37781534 PMCID: PMC10534981 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1217211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
JAG1 is a ligand that activates the NOTCH signaling pathway which plays a crucial role in determining cell fate behavior through cell-to-cell signaling. JAG1-NOTCH signaling is required for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes and cranial neural crest (CNC) cells differentiation into osteoblasts, making it a regenerative candidate for clinical therapy to treat craniofacial bone loss and myocardial infarction. However, delivery of soluble JAG1 has been found to inhibit NOTCH signaling due to the requirement of JAG1 presentation in a bound form. For JAG1-NOTCH signaling to occur, JAG1 must be immobilized within a scaffold and the correct orientation between the NOTCH receptor and JAG1 must be achieved. The lack of clinically translatable JAG1 delivery methods has driven the exploration of alternative immobilization approaches. This review discusses the role of JAG1 in disease, the clinical role of JAG1 as a treatment, and summarizes current approaches for JAG1 delivery. An in-depth review was conducted on literature that used both in vivo and in vitro delivery models and observed the canonical versus non-canonical NOTCH pathway activated by JAG1. Studies were then compared and evaluated based on delivery success, functional outcomes, and translatability. Delivering JAG1 to harness its ability to control cell fate has the potential to serve as a therapeutic for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Kaimari
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Archana Kamalakar
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven L. Goudy
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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2
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Chatterjee S, Sil PC. ROS-Influenced Regulatory Cross-Talk With Wnt Signaling Pathway During Perinatal Development. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889719. [PMID: 35517861 PMCID: PMC9061994 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century ago, it was found that a rapid burst of oxygen is needed and produced by the sea urchin oocyte to activate fertilization and block polyspermy. Since then, scientific research has taken strides to establish that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), besides being toxic effectors of cellular damage and death, also act as molecular messengers in important developmental signaling cascades, thereby modulating them. Wnt signaling pathway is one such developmental pathway, which has significant effects on growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells at the earliest embryonic stages of an organism, apart from being significant role-players in the instances of cellular transformation and cancer when this tightly-regulated system encounters aberrations. In this review, we discuss more about the Wnt and ROS signaling pathways, how they function, what roles they play overall in animals, and mostly about how these two major signaling systems cross paths and interplay in mediating major cellular signals and executing the predestined changes during the perinatal condition, in a systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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3
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Engineering tissue morphogenesis: taking it up a Notch. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:945-957. [PMID: 35181146 PMCID: PMC7613405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recreating functional tissues through bioengineering strategies requires steering of complex cell fate decisions. Notch, a juxtacrine signaling pathway, regulates cell fate and controls cellular organization with local precision. The engineering-friendly characteristics of the Notch pathway provide handles for engineering tissue patterning and morphogenesis. We discuss the physiological significance and mechanisms of Notch signaling with an emphasis on its potential use for engineering complex tissues. We highlight the current state of the art of Notch activation and provide a view on the design aspects, opportunities, and challenges in modulating Notch for tissue-engineering strategies. We propose that finely tuned control of Notch contributes to the generation of tissues with accurate form and functionality.
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Goonoo N. Tunable Biomaterials for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration: Promising New Strategies for Advanced Biointerface Control and Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1626-1646. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI) and the natural healing process, the cardiac mechanostructure changes significantly leading to reduced contractile ability and putting additional pressure on the heart muscle thereby increasing the...
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miRNA-19b-3p Stimulates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Induced by Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion via Downregulating PTEN. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9956666. [PMID: 34956421 PMCID: PMC8702358 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9956666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To clarify the function of miRNA-19b-3p in accelerating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury- (MIRI-) induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating gene of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten (PTEN), thus influencing the progression of acute myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods miRNA-19b-3p and PTEN levels in HCM cells undergoing hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were determined. Meanwhile, activities of myocardium injury markers [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde; malonic dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)] in H/R-induced HCM cells were tested. Through dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, the binding between miRNA-19b-3p and PTEN was verified. Regulatory effects of miRNA-19b-3p and PTEN on apoptotic rate and apoptosis-associated gene expressions (proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and cytochrome C) in H/R-induced human cardiac myocytes (HCM) cells were examined. Results miRNA-19b-3p was upregulated, while PTEN was downregulated in H/R-induced HCM cells. Knockdown of miRNA-19b-3p decreased activities of LDH, MDA, and GSH-PX, but increased SOD level in H/R-induced HCM cells. The binding between miRNA-19b-3p and PTEN was confirmed. More importantly, knockdown of miRNA-19b-3p reduced apoptotic rate, downregulated proapoptosis gene expressions (Bax and cytochrome C), and upregulated antiapoptosis gene expression (Bcl-2), which were reversed by silence of PTEN. Conclusions miRNA-19b-3p is upregulated in HCM cells undergoing hypoxia and reoxygenation, which accelerates MIRI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through downregulating PTEN.
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6
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Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227053. [PMID: 34834147 PMCID: PMC8619776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are characterized by their wide range of biological activity: they regulate functions of the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The mechanism of such action of peptides involves their ability to regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in plants, microorganisms, insects, birds, rodents, primates, and humans. Short peptides, consisting of 2-7 amino acid residues, can penetrate into the nuclei and nucleoli of cells and interact with the nucleosome, the histone proteins, and both single- and double-stranded DNA. DNA-peptide interactions, including sequence recognition in gene promoters, are important for template-directed synthetic reactions, replication, transcription, and reparation. Peptides can regulate the status of DNA methylation, which is an epigenetic mechanism for the activation or repression of genes in both the normal condition, as well as in cases of pathology and senescence. In this context, one can assume that short peptides were evolutionarily among the first signaling molecules that regulated the reactions of template-directed syntheses. This situation enhances the prospects of developing effective and safe immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, and other drugs based on short peptides.
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Gomez AH, Joshi S, Yang Y, Tune JD, Zhao MT, Yang H. Bioengineering Systems for Modulating Notch Signaling in Cardiovascular Development, Disease, and Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:125. [PMID: 34677194 PMCID: PMC8541010 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch intercellular signaling pathways play significant roles in cardiovascular development, disease, and regeneration through modulating cardiovascular cell specification, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. The dysregulation of Notch signaling leads to malfunction and maldevelopment of the cardiovascular system. Currently, most findings on Notch signaling rely on animal models and a few clinical studies, which significantly bottleneck the understanding of Notch signaling-associated human cardiovascular development and disease. Recent advances in the bioengineering systems and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells pave the way to decipher the role of Notch signaling in cardiovascular-related cells (endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells), and intercellular crosstalk in the physiological, pathological, and regenerative context of the complex human cardiovascular system. In this review, we first summarize the significant roles of Notch signaling in individual cardiac cell types. We then cover the bioengineering systems of microfluidics, hydrogel, spheroid, and 3D bioprinting, which are currently being used for modeling and studying Notch signaling in the cardiovascular system. At last, we provide insights into ancillary supports of bioengineering systems, varied types of cardiovascular cells, and advanced characterization approaches in further refining Notch signaling in cardiovascular development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angello Huerta Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (A.H.G.); (S.J.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sanika Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (A.H.G.); (S.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (A.H.G.); (S.J.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Johnathan D. Tune
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA;
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (A.H.G.); (S.J.); (Y.Y.)
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Immobilization of Jagged1 Enhances Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Maturation by Activating the Notch Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082089. [PMID: 34440858 PMCID: PMC8391929 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In Notch signaling, the Jagged1-Notch3 ligand-receptor pairing is implicated for regulating the phenotype maturity of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, less is known about the role of Jagged1 presentation strategy in this regulation. In this study, we used bead-immobilized Jagged1 to direct phenotype control of primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC), and to differentiate embryonic multipotent mesenchymal progenitor (10T1/2) cell towards a vascular lineage. This Jagged1 presentation strategy was sufficient to activate the Notch transcription factor HES1 and induce early-stage contractile markers, including smooth muscle α-actin and calponin in HCASMCs. Bead-bound Jagged1 was unable to regulate the late-stage markers myosin heavy chain and smoothelin; however, serum starvation and TGFβ1 were used to achieve a fully contractile smooth muscle cell. When progenitor 10T1/2 cells were used for Notch3 signaling, pre-differentiation with TGFβ1 was required for a robust Jagged1 specific response, suggesting a SMC lineage commitment was necessary to direct SMC differentiation and maturity. The presence of a magnetic tension force to the ligand-receptor complex was evaluated for signaling efficacy. Magnetic pulling forces downregulated HES1 and smooth muscle α-actin in both HCASMCs and progenitor 10T1/2 cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated that (i) bead-bound Jagged1 was sufficient to activate Notch3 and promote SMC differentiation/maturation and (ii) magnetic pulling forces did not activate Notch3, suggesting the bead alone was able to provide necessary clustering or traction forces for Notch activation. Notch is highly context-dependent; therefore, these findings provide insights to improve biomaterial-driven Jagged1 control of SMC behavior.
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Gelain F, Luo Z, Rioult M, Zhang S. Self-assembling peptide scaffolds in the clinic. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:9. [PMID: 33597509 PMCID: PMC7889856 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-defined scaffold hydrogels made of self-assembling peptides have found their way into clinical products. By examining the properties and applications of two self-assembling peptides-EAK16 and RADA16-we highlight the potential for translating designer biological scaffolds into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Gelain
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBREMIT), IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162, Milan, Italy.
| | - Zhongli Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Centre, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | | | - Shuguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
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Gelain F, Luo Z, Zhang S. Self-Assembling Peptide EAK16 and RADA16 Nanofiber Scaffold Hydrogel. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13434-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Gelain
- Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Zhongli Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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11
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Zohorsky K, Mequanint K. Designing Biomaterials to Modulate Notch Signaling in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:383-410. [PMID: 33040694 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of cell-instructive biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is at a crossroads. Although the conventional tissue engineering approach is top-down (cells seeded to macroporous scaffolds and mature to form tissues), bottom-up tissue engineering strategies are becoming appealing. With such developments, we can study cell signaling events, thus enabling functional tissue assembly in physiologic and diseased models. Among many important signaling pathways, the Notch signaling pathway is the most diverse in its influence during tissue morphogenesis and repair following injury. Although Notch signaling is extensively studied in developmental biology and cancer biology, our knowledge of designing biomaterial-based Notch signaling platforms and incorporating Notch signaling components into engineered tissue systems is limited. By incorporating Notch signaling to tissue engineering scaffolds, we can direct cell-specific responses and improve engineered tissue maturation. This review will discuss recent progress in the development of Notch signaling biomaterials as a promising target to control cellular fate decisions, including the influences of ligand identity, biophysical material cues, ligand presentation strategies, and mechanotransduction. Notch signaling is consequently of interest to direct, control, and reprogram cellular behavior on a biomaterial surface. We anticipate that discussions in this article will allow for enhanced knowledge and insight into designing Notch targeted biomaterials for various tissue engineering and cell fate determinations. Impact statement Notch signaling is recognized as an important pathway in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, there is no systematic review on this topic. The comprehensive review and perspectives presented here provide an in-depth discussion on ligand presentation strategies both in 2D and in 3D cell culture environments involving biomaterials/scaffolds. In addition, this review article provides insight into the challenges in designing cell surrogate biomaterials capable of providing Notch signals. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first review relevant to the fields of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Zohorsky
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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12
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Fan X, Li K, Zhu L, Deng X, Feng Z, Xu C, Liu S, Wu J. Prolonged therapeutic effects of photoactivated adipose-derived stem cells following ischaemic injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13475. [PMID: 32306486 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) therapies are emerging as a promising approach to therapeutic angiogenesis. Therapeutic persistence and reduced primitive stem cell function following cell delivery remains a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of stem cells in current approaches. METHODS Cultured ASCs were derived from subcutaneous white adipose tissue isolated from mice fed a normal diet (ND). Unilateral hindlimb ischaemia model was induced in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by femoral artery interruption, after which photoactivated and non-light-treated ASCs were injected into the tail vein of mice. Laser Doppler imaging was conducted to measure the blood flow reperfusion. Capillary density was measured in the ischaemic gastrocnemius muscle. mRNA levels of angiogenic factors were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry was used to determine the characterization of ASCs and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC). Human ASCs secretomes were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that photoactivated ND-ASCs prolonged functional blood flow perfusion and increased ASCs-derived EPC and neovascularization 38 days after ligation, when compared with saline-treated controls. Profiling analysis in ischaemic muscles showed upregulation of genes associated with pro-angiogenic factors after injection of photoactivated ND-ASCs when compared with the non-light-treated ASCs or saline treated HFD mice. Mass spectrometry revealed that light-treated ASCs conditioned medium retained a more complete pro-angiogenic activity with significant upregulation of angiogenesis related proteins. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that photoactivated ND-ASCs improve blood flow recovery and their injection may prove to be a useful strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Luochen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Ziqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Chunrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Sijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province Drug Discovery Research Center Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
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Gerbin KA, Mitzelfelt KA, Guan X, Martinson AM, Murry CE. Delta-1 Functionalized Hydrogel Promotes hESC-Cardiomyocyte Graft Proliferation and Maintains Heart Function Post-Injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:986-998. [PMID: 32426414 PMCID: PMC7225377 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current cell transplantation techniques are hindered by small graft size, requiring high cell doses to achieve therapeutic cardiac remuscularization. Enhancing the proliferation of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) could address this, allowing an otherwise subtherapeutic cell dose to prevent disease progression after myocardial infarction. In this study, we designed a hydrogel that activates Notch signaling through 3D presentation of the Notch ligand Delta-1 to use as an injectate for transplanting hESC-CMs into the infarcted rat myocardium. After 4 weeks, hESC-CM proliferation increased 2-fold and resulted in a 3-fold increase in graft size with the Delta-1 hydrogel compared to controls. To stringently test the effect of Notch-mediated graft expansion on long-term heart function, a normally subtherapeutic dose of hESC-CMs was implanted into the infarcted myocardium and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Transplantation of the Delta-1 hydrogel + hESC-CMs augmented heart function and was significantly higher at 3 months compared to controls. Graft size and hESC-CM proliferation were also increased at 3 months post-implantation. Collectively, these results demonstrate the therapeutic approach of a Delta-1 functionalized hydrogel to reduce the cell dose required to achieve functional benefit after myocardial infarction by enhancing hESC-CM graft size and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytlyn A Gerbin
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie A Mitzelfelt
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xuan Guan
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy M Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Hosoyama K, Lazurko C, Muñoz M, McTiernan CD, Alarcon EI. Peptide-Based Functional Biomaterials for Soft-Tissue Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:205. [PMID: 31508416 PMCID: PMC6716508 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetically derived peptide-based biomaterials are in many instances capable of mimicking the structure and function of their full-length endogenous counterparts. Combine this with the fact that short mimetic peptides are easier to produce when compared to full length proteins, show enhanced processability and ease of modification, and have the ability to be prepared under well-defined and controlled conditions; it becomes obvious why there has been a recent push to develop regenerative biomaterials from these molecules. There is increasing evidence that the incorporation of peptides within regenerative scaffolds can result in the generation of structural recognition motifs that can enhance cell attachment or induce cell signaling pathways, improving cell infiltration or promote a variety of other modulatory biochemical responses. By highlighting the current approaches in the design and application of short mimetic peptides, we hope to demonstrate their potential in soft-tissue healing while at the same time drawing attention to the advances made to date and the problems which need to be overcome to advance these materials to the clinic for applications in heart, skin, and cornea repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hosoyama
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Caitlin Lazurko
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marcelo Muñoz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher D McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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15
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Huebsch N. Translational mechanobiology: Designing synthetic hydrogel matrices for improved in vitro models and cell-based therapies. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:97-111. [PMID: 31129361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels have ideal physiochemical properties to serve as reductionist mimics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for studies on cellular mechanosensing. These studies range from basic observation of correlations between ECM mechanics and cell fate changes to molecular dissection of the underlying mechanisms. Despite intensive work on hydrogels to study mechanobiology, many fundamental questions regarding mechanosensing remain unanswered. In this review, I first discuss historical motivation for studying cellular mechanobiology, and challenges impeding this effort. I next overview recent efforts to engineer hydrogel properties to study cellular mechanosensing. Finally, I focus on in vitro modeling and cell-based therapies as applications of hydrogels that will exploit our ability to create micro-environments with physiologically relevant elasticity and viscoelasticity to control cell biology. These translational applications will not only use our current understanding of mechanobiology but will also bring new tools to study the fundamental problem of how cells sense their mechanical environment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels are an important tool for understanding how our cells can sense their mechanical environment, and to exploit that understanding in regenerative medicine. In the current review, I discuss historical work linking mechanics to cell behavior in vitro, and highlight the role hydrogels played in allowing us to understand how cells monitor mechanical cues. I then highlight potential translational applications of hydrogels with mechanical properties similar to those of the tissues where cells normally reside in our bodies, and discuss how these types of studies can provide clues to help us enhance our understanding of mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Huebsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, United States.
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16
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Shoja-Taheri F, George A, Agarwal U, Platt MO, Gibson G, Davis ME. Using Statistical Modeling to Understand and Predict Pediatric Stem Cell Function. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:e002403. [PMID: 31100989 PMCID: PMC6581595 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and despite advanced surgical treatments, many patients progress to heart failure. Currently, transplantation is the only effective cure and is limited by donor availability and organ rejection. Recently, cell therapy has emerged as a novel method for treating pediatric heart failure with several ongoing clinical trials. However, efficacy of stem cell therapy is variable, and choosing stem cells with the highest reparative effects has been a challenge. METHODS We previously demonstrated the age-dependent reparative effects of human c-kit+ progenitor cells (hCPCs) in a rat model of juvenile heart failure. Using a small subset of patient samples, computational modeling analysis showed that regression models could be made linking sequencing data to phenotypic outcomes. In the current study, we used a similar quantitative model to determine whether predictions can be made in a larger population of patients and validated the model using neonatal hCPCs. We performed RNA sequencing from c-kit+ progenitor cells isolated from 32 patients, including 8 neonatal samples. We tested 2 functional parameters of our model, cellular proliferation and chemotactic potential of conditioned media. RESULTS Interestingly, the observed proliferation and migration responses in each of the selected neonatal hCPC lines matched their predicted counterparts. We then performed canonical pathway analysis to determine potential mechanistic signals that regulated hCPC performance and identified several immune response genes that correlated with performance. ELISA analysis confirmed the presence of selected cytokines in good performing hCPCs and provided many more signals to further validate. CONCLUSIONS These data show that cell behavior may be predicted using large datasets like RNA sequencing and that we may be able to identify patients whose c-kit+ progenitor cells exceed or underperform expectations. With systems biology approaches, interventions can be tailored to improve cell therapy or mimic the qualities of reparative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shoja-Taheri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alex George
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Udit Agarwal
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Children’s Heart Research and Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Emory University & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
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17
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Putti M, Stassen OMJA, Schotman MJG, Sahlgren CM, Dankers PYW. Influence of the Assembly State on the Functionality of a Supramolecular Jagged1-Mimicking Peptide Additive. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8178-8187. [PMID: 31172036 PMCID: PMC6545632 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the bioactivation toolbox of supramolecular materials is of utmost relevance for their broad applicability in regenerative medicines. This study explores the functionality of a peptide mimic of the Notch ligand Jagged1 in a supramolecular system that is based on hydrogen bonding ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) units. The functionality of the peptide is studied when formulated as an additive in a supramolecular solid material and as a self-assembled system in solution. UPy conjugation of the DSLJAG1 peptide sequence allows for the supramolecular functionalization of UPy-modified polycaprolactone, an elastomeric material, with UPy-DSLJAG1. Surface presentation of the UPy-DSLJAG1 peptide was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, but no enhancement of Notch activity was detected in cells presenting Notch1 and Notch3 receptors. Nevertheless, a significant increase in Notch-signaling activity was observed when DSLJAG1 peptides were administered in the soluble form, indicating that the activity of DSLJAG1 is preserved after UPy functionalization but not after immobilization on a supramolecular solid material. Interestingly, an enhanced activity in solution of the UPy conjugate was detected compared with the unconjugated DSLJAG1 peptide, suggesting that the self-assembly of supramolecular aggregates in solution ameliorates the functionality of the molecules in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Putti
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M. J. A. Stassen
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike J. G. Schotman
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M. Sahlgren
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Faculty
for Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
- Turku
Centre for Biotechnology, University of
Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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18
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Huang G, Hao F, Hu X. Downregulation of microRNA-155 stimulates sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by binding to SIRT1 in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15494-15505. [PMID: 31099069 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inhaled sevoflurane has been demonstrated to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the relative mechanisms of sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection remain largely unknown. This study intends to explore the effect of miR-155 on the sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection by regulating Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in mouse models of myocardial I/R. METHODS Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was used to induce models of myocardial I/R in mice. The I/R mice were treated with sevoflurane, sevoflurane + mimics negative control (NC) or sevoflurane + miR-155 mimics. The expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and SIRT1 was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. Then cardiac functions and hemodynamic alterations were evaluated. Evans blue-2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay staining methods were adopted to evaluate infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS In the I/R mice, miR-155 was expressed at a high level and SIRT1 at a low level. SIRT1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR-155. The treatment of sevoflurane could reduce miR-155 expression and increased SIRT1 expression in the myocardial tissues, under which conditions, cardiac functions were promoted, accompanied by reduced infarct size and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In response to miR-155 upregulation, the sevoflurane-treated I/R mice showed reduced cardiac functions, and increased infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION The findings obtained in this study provide evidence suggesting that miR-155 targets and negatively regulates SIRT1 expression, a mechanism by which the protection of sevoflurane is inhibited against myocardial I/R in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fengguan Hao
- Department of Epidemic Prevention, Dragon House Township Health Centers, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
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19
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Trac D, Maxwell JT, Brown ME, Xu C, Davis ME. Aggregation of Child Cardiac Progenitor Cells Into Spheres Activates Notch Signaling and Improves Treatment of Right Ventricular Heart Failure. Circ Res 2019; 124:526-538. [PMID: 30590978 PMCID: PMC6375764 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Congenital heart disease can lead to life-threatening right ventricular (RV) heart failure. Results from clinical trials support expanding cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) based therapies. However, our recent data show that CPCs lose function as they age, starting as early as 1 year. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the aggregation of child (1-5-year-old) CPCs into scaffold-free spheres can improve differentiation by enhancing Notch signaling, a known regulator of CPC fate. We hypothesized that aggregated (3-dimensional [3D]) CPCs will repair RV heart failure better than monolayer (2-dimensional [2D]) CPCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Spheres were produced with 1500 CPCs each using a microwell array. CPC aggregation significantly increased gene expression of Notch1 compared with 2D CPCs, accompanied by significant upregulation of cardiogenic transcription factors (GATA4, HAND1, MEF2C, NKX2.5, and TBX5) and endothelial markers (CD31, FLK1, FLT1, VWF). Blocking Notch receptor activation with the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) diminished these effects. To evaluate the therapeutic improvements of CPC aggregation, RV heart failure was induced in athymic rats by pulmonary artery banding, and cells were implanted into the RV free wall. Echocardiographic measurements 28 days postimplantation showed significantly improved RV function with 3D compared with 2D CPCs. Tracking implanted CPCs via DiR (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide)-labeling showed improved retention of 3D CPCs. Transducing 3D CPCs with Notch1-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) did not reduce retention, but significantly reduced RV functional improvements. Histological analyses showed 3D treatment reduced RV fibrosis and increased angiogenesis. Although 3D CPCs formed CD31+ vessel-like cells in vivo, these effects are more likely because of improved 3D CPC exosome function compared with 2D CPC exosomes. CONCLUSIONS Spherical aggregation improves child CPC function in a Notch-dependent manner. The strong reparative ability of CPC spheres warrants further investigation as a treatment for pediatric heart failure, especially in older children where reparative ability may be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua T. Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Milton E. Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA;,Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA;,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA;,Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
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20
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Streeter BW, Davis ME. Therapeutic Cardiac Patches for Repairing the Myocardium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1144:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Bertucci TB, Dai G. Biomaterial Engineering for Controlling Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9068203. [PMID: 30627175 PMCID: PMC6304878 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9068203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an exciting cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacities. The majority of current PSC protocols rely on 2D cultures and soluble factors to guide differentiation; however, many other environmental signals are beginning to be explored using biomaterial platforms. Biomaterials offer new opportunities to engineer the stem cell niches and 3D environments for exploring biophysical and immobilized signaling cues to further our control over stem cell fate. Here, we review the biomaterial platforms that have been engineered to control PSC fate. We explore how altering immobilized biochemical cues and biophysical cues such as dimensionality, stiffness, and topography can enhance our control over stem cell fates. Finally, we highlight biomaterial culture systems that assist in the translation of PSC technologies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Bertucci
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) emerged as an important source of cells for cardiovascular regeneration. This review summarizes protocols for generating hPSC-ECs and provides an overview of the current state of the research in clinical application of hPSC-derived ECs. RECENT FINDINGS Various systems were developed for differentiating hPSCs into the EC lineage. Stepwise two-dimensional systems are now well established, in which various growth factors, small molecules, and coating materials are used at specific developmental stages. Moreover, studies made significant advances in clinical applicability of hPSC-ECs by removing undefined components from the differentiation system, improving the differentiation efficiency, and proving their direct vascular incorporating effects, which contrast with adult stem cells and their therapeutic effects in vivo. Finally, by using biomaterial-mediated delivery, investigators improved the survival of hPSC-ECs to more than 10 months in ischemic tissues and described long-term behavior and safety of in vivo transplanted hPSC-ECs at the histological level. hPSC-derived ECs can be as a critical source of cells for treating advanced cardiovascular diseases. Over the past two decades, substantial improvement has been made in the differentiation systems and their clinical compatibility. In the near future, establishment of fully defined differentiation systems and proof of the advantages of biomaterial-mediated cell delivery, with some additional pre-clinical studies, will move this therapy into a vital option for treating those diseases that cannot be managed by currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jeong Lee
- Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle. WMB 3309, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle. WMB 3309, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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23
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Ciuffreda MC, Malpasso G, Chokoza C, Bezuidenhout D, Goetsch KP, Mura M, Pisano F, Davies NH, Gnecchi M. Synthetic extracellular matrix mimic hydrogel improves efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:71-83. [PMID: 29341932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) repair infarcted hearts mainly through paracrine mechanisms. Low cell engraftment limits the release of soluble paracrine factors (SF) over time and, consequently, MSC efficacy. We tested whether a synthetic extracellular matrix mimic, a hydrogel containing heparin (H-HG), could ameliorate MSC engraftment and binding/release of SF, thus improving MSC therapy efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, rat bone-marrow MSC (rBM-MSC) were seeded and grown into H-HG. Under normoxia, the hydrogel did not affect cell survival (rBM-MSC survival >90% at each time point tested); vice versa, under hypoxia the biomaterial resulted to be protective for the cells (p < .001 vs rBM-MSC alone). H-HG or control PEG hydrogels (HG) were incubated with VEGF or bFGF for binding/release quantification. Data showed significantly higher amount of VEGF and bFGF bound by H-HG compared with HG (p < .05) and a constant release over time. In vivo, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats by permanent coronary ligation. One week later, saline, rBM-MSC, H-HG or rBM-MSC/H-HG were injected in the infarct zone. The co-injection of rBM-MSC/H-HG into infarcted hearts significantly increased cardiac function. Importantly, we observed a significant gain in MSC engraftment, reduction of ventricular remodeling and stimulation of neo-vasculogenesis. We also documented higher amounts of several pro-angiogenic factors in hearts treated with rBM-MSC/H-HG. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that H-HG increases MSC engraftment, efficiently fine tunes the paracrine MSC actions and improves cardiac function in infarcted rat hearts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Transplantation of MSC is a promising treatment for ischemic heart disease, but low cell engraftment has so far limited its efficacy. The enzymatically degradable H-HG that we developed is able to increase MSC retention/engraftment and, at the same time, to fine-tune the paracrine effects mediated by the cells. Most importantly, the co-transplantation of MSC and H-HG in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy improved heart function through a significant reduction in ventricular remodeling/scarring and amelioration in neo-vasculogenesis/endogenous cardiac regeneration. These beneficial effects are comparable to those obtained by others using a much greater number of cells, strengthening the efficacy of the biomaterial used in increasing the therapeutic effects of MSC. Given its efficacy and safety, documented by the absence of immunoreaction, our strategy appears readily translatable to clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Ciuffreda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases - Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Malpasso
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases - Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Cindy Chokoza
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deon Bezuidenhout
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kyle P Goetsch
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manuela Mura
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases - Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Pisano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases - Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Neil H Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases - Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Bhutani S, Nachlas ALY, Brown ME, Pete T, Johnson CT, García AJ, Davis ME. Evaluation of Hydrogels Presenting Extracellular Matrix-Derived Adhesion Peptides and Encapsulating Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Cardiac Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:200-210. [PMID: 29457128 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is an emerging paradigm for the treatment of heart disease. In spite of the exciting and promising preclinical results, the benefits of cell therapy for cardiac repair in patients have been modest at best. Biomaterials-based approaches may overcome the barriers of poor differentiation and retention of transplanted cells. In this study, we prepared and tested hydrogels presenting extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived adhesion peptides as delivery vehicles for c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We assessed their effects on cell behavior in vitro as well as cardiac repair in rats undergoing ischemia reperfusion. Hydrogels presenting the collagen-derived GFOGER peptide induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of CPCs as demonstrated by increased expression of cardiomyocyte structural proteins. However, conditioned media obtained from GFOGER hydrogels showed lower levels of secreted reparative factors. Interestingly, following injection in rats undergoing ischemia-reperfusion, treatment with CPCs encapsulated in nonadhesive RDG-presenting hydrogels resulted in the preservation of cardiac contractility and attenuation of postinfarct remodeling whereas the adhesion peptide-presenting hydrogels did not induce any functional improvement. Retention of cells was significantly higher when delivered with nonadhesive hydrogels compared to ECM-derived peptide gels. These data suggest that factors including cell differentiation state, paracrine factors and interaction with biomaterials influence the effectiveness of biomaterials-based cell therapy. A holistic consideration of these multiple variables should be included in cell-biomaterial combination therapy designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Bhutani
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aline L Y Nachlas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Milton E Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tionne Pete
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher T Johnson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States
| | - Andres J García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 319, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Drive, W400, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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25
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Ndong JDLC, Stephenson Y, Davis ME, García AJ, Goudy S. Controlled JAGGED1 delivery induces human embryonic palate mesenchymal cells to form osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:552-560. [PMID: 28913955 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast commitment and differentiation are controlled by multiple growth factors including members of the Notch signaling pathway. JAGGED1 is a cell surface ligand of the Notch pathway that is necessary for murine bone formation. The delivery of JAGGED1 to induce bone formation is complicated by its need to be presented in a bound form to allow for proper Notch receptor signaling. In this study, we investigate whether the sustained release of JAGGED1 stimulates human mesenchymal cells to commit to osteoblast cell fate using polyethylene glycol malemeide (PEG-MAL) hydrogel delivery system. Our data demonstrated that PEG-MAL hydrogel constructs are stable in culture for at least three weeks and maintain human mesenchymal cell viability with little cytotoxicity in vitro. JAGGED1 loaded on PEG-MAL hydrogel (JAGGED1-PEG-MAL) showed continuous release from the gel for up to three weeks, with induction of Notch signaling using a CHO cell line with a Notch1 reporter construct, and qPCR gene expression analysis in vitro. Importantly, JAGGED1-PEG-MAL hydrogel induced mesenchymal cells towards osteogenic differentiation based on increased Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast genes expression including RUNX2, ALP, COL1, and BSP. These results thus indicated that JAGGED1 delivery in vitro using PEG-MAL hydrogel induced osteoblast commitment, suggesting that this may be a viable in vivo approach to bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 552-560, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven Goudy
- Emory University, Department of Otolaryngology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lee SJ, Sohn YD, Andukuri A, Kim S, Byun J, Han JW, Park IH, Jun HW, Yoon YS. Enhanced Therapeutic and Long-Term Dynamic Vascularization Effects of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Encapsulated in a Nanomatrix Gel. Circulation 2017; 136:1939-1954. [PMID: 28972000 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) have limited clinical utility because of undefined components in the differentiation system and poor cell survival in vivo. Here, we aimed to develop a fully defined and clinically compatible system to differentiate hPSCs into ECs. Furthermore, we aimed to enhance cell survival, vessel formation, and therapeutic potential by encapsulating hPSC-ECs with a peptide amphiphile (PA) nanomatrix gel. METHODS We induced differentiation of hPSCs into the mesodermal lineage by culturing on collagen-coated plates with a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor. Next, vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were added for endothelial lineage differentiation, followed by sorting for CDH5 (VE-cadherin). We constructed an extracellular matrix-mimicking PA nanomatrix gel (PA-RGDS) by incorporating the cell adhesive ligand Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and a matrix metalloproteinase-2-degradable sequence. We then evaluated whether the encapsulation of hPSC-CDH5+ cells in PA-RGDS could enhance long-term cell survival and vascular regenerative effects in a hind-limb ischemia model with laser Doppler perfusion imaging, bioluminescence imaging, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and histological analysis. RESULTS The resultant hPSC-derived CDH5+ cells (hPSC-ECs) showed highly enriched and genuine EC characteristics and proangiogenic activities. When injected into ischemic hind limbs, hPSC-ECs showed better perfusion recovery and higher vessel-forming capacity compared with media-, PA-RGDS-, or human umbilical vein EC-injected groups. However, the group receiving the PA-RGDS-encapsulated hPSC-ECs showed better perfusion recovery, more robust and longer cell survival (> 10 months), and higher and prolonged angiogenic and vascular incorporation capabilities than the bare hPSC-EC-injected group. Surprisingly, the engrafted hPSC-ECs demonstrated previously unknown sustained and dynamic vessel-forming behavior: initial perivascular concentration, a guiding role for new vessel formation, and progressive incorporation into the vessels over 10 months. CONCLUSIONS We generated highly enriched hPSC-ECs via a clinically compatible system. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that a biocompatible PA-RGDS nanomatrix gel substantially improved long-term survival of hPSC-ECs in an ischemic environment and improved neovascularization effects of hPSC-ECs via prolonged and unique angiogenic and vessel-forming properties. This PA-RGDS-mediated transplantation of hPSC-ECs can serve as a novel platform for cell-based therapy and investigation of long-term behavior of hPSC-ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jeong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.).,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-J.L., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Young-Doug Sohn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Adinarayana Andukuri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Sangsung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Ji Woong Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (I.-H.P.)
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (H.-W.J.)
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.). .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-J.L., Y.-S.Y.)
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Cardiac Progenitor Cells and the Interplay with Their Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7471582. [PMID: 29075298 PMCID: PMC5623801 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7471582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a crucial role in the behavior of stem and progenitor cells. In the heart, cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) reside in specific niches, characterized by key components that are altered in response to a myocardial infarction. To date, there is a lack of knowledge on these niches and on the CPC interplay with the niche components. Insight into these complex interactions and into the influence of microenvironmental factors on CPCs can be used to promote the regenerative potential of these cells. In this review, we discuss cardiac resident progenitor cells and their regenerative potential and provide an overview of the interactions of CPCs with the key elements of their niche. We focus on the interaction between CPCs and supporting cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stimuli, and soluble factors. Finally, we describe novel approaches to modulate the CPC niche that can represent the next step in recreating an optimal CPC microenvironment and thereby improve their regeneration capacity.
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Ledford BT, Simmons J, Chen M, Fan H, Barron C, Liu Z, Van Dyke M, He JQ. Keratose Hydrogels Promote Vascular Smooth Muscle Differentiation from C-kit-Positive Human Cardiac Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:888-900. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Ledford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jamelle Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Huimin Fan
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Catherine Barron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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29
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Hydrogel based approaches for cardiac tissue engineering. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:454-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Trindade F, Leite-Moreira A, Ferreira-Martins J, Ferreira R, Falcão-Pires I, Vitorino R. Towards the standardization of stem cell therapy studies for ischemic heart diseases: Bridging the gap between animal models and the clinical setting. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:465-480. [PMID: 27870978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Today there is an increasing demand for heart transplantations for patients diagnosed with heart failure. Though, shortage of donors as well as the large number of ineligible patients hurdle such treatment option. This, in addition to the considerable number of transplant rejections, has driven the clinical research towards the field of regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, to date, several stem cell therapies tested in animal models fall by the wayside and when they meet the criteria to clinical trials, subjects often exhibit modest improvements. A main issue slowing down the admission of such therapies in the domain of human trials is the lack of protocol standardization between research groups, which hampers comparison between different approaches as well as the lack of thought regarding the clinical translation. In this sense, given the large amount of reports on stem cell therapy studies in animal models reported in the last 3years, we sought to evaluate their advantages and limitations towards the clinical setting and provide some suggestions for the forthcoming investigations. We expect, with this review, to start a new paradigm on regenerative medicine, by evoking the debate on how to plan novel stem cell therapy studies with animal models in order to achieve more consistent scientific production and accelerate the admission of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Trindade
- iBiMED, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Electrically Induced Calcium Handling in Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8917380. [PMID: 27818693 PMCID: PMC5080514 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8917380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For nearly a century, the heart was viewed as a terminally differentiated organ until the discovery of a resident population of cardiac stem cells known as cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). It has been shown that the regenerative capacity of CPCs can be enhanced by ex vivo modification. Preconditioning CPCs could provide drastic improvements in cardiac structure and function; however, a systematic approach to determining a mechanistic basis for these modifications founded on the physiology of CPCs is lacking. We have identified a novel property of CPCs to respond to electrical stimulation by initiating intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. We used confocal microscopy and intracellular calcium imaging to determine the spatiotemporal properties of the Ca2+ signal and the key proteins involved in this process using pharmacological inhibition and confocal Ca2+ imaging. Our results provide valuable insights into mechanisms to enhance the therapeutic potential in stem cells and further our understanding of human CPC physiology.
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32
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Fibronectin and Cyclic Strain Improve Cardiac Progenitor Cell Regenerative Potential In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8364382. [PMID: 27610140 PMCID: PMC5004015 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8364382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have rapidly advanced to clinical trials, yet little is known regarding their interaction with the microenvironment. Signaling cues present in the microenvironment change with development and disease. This work aims to assess the influence of two distinct signaling moieties on CPCs: cyclic biaxial strain and extracellular matrix. We evaluate four endpoints for improving CPC therapy: paracrine signaling, proliferation, connexin43 expression, and alignment. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (about 900 pg/mL) was secreted by CPCs cultured on fibronectin and collagen I. The application of mechanical strain increased vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion 2–4-fold for CPCs cultured on poly-L-lysine, laminin, or a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix. CPC proliferation was at least 25% higher on fibronectin than that on other matrices, especially for lower strain magnitudes. At 5% strain, connexin43 expression was highest on fibronectin. With increasing strain magnitude, connexin43 expression decreased by as much as 60% in CPCs cultured on collagen I and a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix. Cyclic mechanical strain induced the strongest CPC alignment when cultured on fibronectin or collagen I. This study demonstrates that culturing CPCs on fibronectin with 5% strain magnitude is optimal for their vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion, proliferation, connexin43 expression, and alignment.
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33
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Lister Z, Rayner KJ, Suuronen EJ. How Biomaterials Can Influence Various Cell Types in the Repair and Regeneration of the Heart after Myocardial Infarction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:62. [PMID: 27486578 PMCID: PMC4948030 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy heart comprises many different cell types that work together to preserve optimal function. However, in a diseased heart the function of one or more cell types is compromised which can lead to many adverse events, one of which is myocardial infarction (MI). Immediately after MI, the cardiac environment is characterized by excessive cardiomyocyte death and inflammatory signals leading to the recruitment of macrophages to clear the debris. Proliferating fibroblasts then invade, and a collagenous scar is formed to prevent rupture. Better functional restoration of the heart is not achieved due to the limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue. To address this, biomaterial therapy is being investigated as an approach to improve regeneration in the infarcted heart, as they can possess the potential to control cell function in the infarct environment and limit the adverse compensatory changes that occur post-MI. Over the past decade, there has been considerable research into the development of biomaterials for cardiac regeneration post-MI; and various effects have been observed on different cell types depending on the biomaterial that is applied. Biomaterial treatment has been shown to enhance survival, improve function, promote proliferation, and guide the mobilization and recruitment of different cells in the post-MI heart. This review will provide a summary on the biomaterials developed to enhance cardiac regeneration and remodeling post-MI with a focus on how they control macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. A better understanding of how a biomaterial interacts with the different cell types in the heart may lead to the development of a more optimized biomaterial therapy for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Lister
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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34
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Tatman PD, Muhonen EG, Wickers ST, Gee AO, Kim ES, Kim DH. Self-assembling peptides for stem cell and tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:543-54. [PMID: 26878078 PMCID: PMC4803621 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds great potential to address many shortcomings in current medical therapies. An emerging avenue of regenerative medicine is the use of self-assembling peptides (SAP) in conjunction with stem cells to improve the repair of damaged tissues. The specific peptide sequence, mechanical properties, and nanotopographical cues vary widely between different SAPs, many of which have been used for the regeneration of similar tissues. To evaluate the potential of SAPs to guide stem cell fate, we extensively reviewed the literature for reports of SAPs and stem cell differentiation. To portray the most accurate summary of these studies, we deliberately discuss both the successes and pitfalls, allowing us to make conclusions that span the breadth of this exciting field. We also expand on these conclusions by relating these findings to the fields of nanotopography, mechanotransduction, and the native composition of the extracellular matrix in specific tissues to identify potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Tatman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ethan G Muhonen
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean T. Wickers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Albert O. Gee
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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35
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Shafiq M, Jung Y, Kim SH. Insight on stem cell preconditioning and instructive biomaterials to enhance cell adhesion, retention, and engraftment for tissue repair. Biomaterials 2016; 90:85-115. [PMID: 27016619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a promising solution for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, the limited survival and engraftment of transplanted cells due to a hostile ischemic environment is a bottleneck for effective utilization and commercialization. Within this environment, the majority of transplanted cells undergo apoptosis prior to participating in lineage differentiation and cellular integration. Therefore, in order to maximize the clinical utility of stem/progenitor cells, strategies must be employed to increase their adhesion, retention, and engraftment in vivo. Here, we reviewed key strategies that are being adopted to enhance the survival, retention, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells through the manipulation of both the stem cells and the surrounding environment. We describe how preconditioning of cells or cell manipulations strategies can enhance stem cell survival and engraftment after transplantation. We also discuss how biomaterials can enhance the function of stem cells for effective tissue regeneration. Biomaterials can incorporate or mimic extracellular function (ECM) function and enhance survival or differentiation of transplanted cells in vivo. Biomaterials can also promote angiogenesis, enhance engraftment and differentiation, and accelerate electromechanical integration of transplanted stem cells. Insight gained from this review may direct the development of future investigations and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Stem cells and injectable hydrogels: Synergistic therapeutics in myocardial repair. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:362-379. [PMID: 26976812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the major problems in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is the inability of myocardium to self-regenerate. Current therapies are unable to restore the heart's function after myocardial infarction. Myocardial tissue engineering is potentially a key approach to regenerate damaged heart muscle. Myocardial patches are applied surgically, whereas injectable hydrogels provide effective minimally invasive approaches to recover functional myocardium. These hydrogels are easily administered and can be either cell free or loaded with bioactive agents and/or cardiac stem cells, which may apply paracrine effects. The aim of this review is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of injectable stem cell-laden hydrogels and highlight their potential applications for myocardium repair.
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37
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Self-assembling peptide-based delivery of therapeutics for myocardial infarction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:40-53. [PMID: 25959427 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, is the number one cause of death. Current treatments are palliative and slow the progression toward heart failure, but to not regenerate healthy tissue. Self-assembling peptides are biomimietic, readily produced, non-immunogenic and non-cytotoxic. They do not assemble into hydrogels until triggered, allowing them to be injected into the myocardium and providing opportunities for minimally invasive therapies. The ability to tune the mechanical and bioactive properties of self-assembling peptides will continue to make them readily adaptable for mimicking natural microenvironments. To date, a variety of growth factors and signaling moieties have been incorporated into self-assembling peptide hydrogels, enhancing cell behavior and tissue function. Furthermore, the hydrogels serve as delivery vehicles for cells in vivo and platforms for improved cell culture. In addition to a brief review of self-assembling peptides, we will discuss a variety of their approaches for myocardial infarction therapy. Moreover, we will assess approaches taken in other tissue and discuss how these could benefit therapies for myocardial infarction.
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Rad-Malekshahi M, Lempsink L, Amidi M, Hennink WE, Mastrobattista E. Biomedical Applications of Self-Assembling Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:3-18. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584
CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwijn Lempsink
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584
CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Amidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584
CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584
CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584
CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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39
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Boopathy AV, Martinez MD, Smith AW, Brown ME, García AJ, Davis ME. Intramyocardial Delivery of Notch Ligand-Containing Hydrogels Improves Cardiac Function and Angiogenesis Following Infarction. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2315-22. [PMID: 25982380 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notch1 signaling plays a critical role in cardiac development, in survival, cardiogenic lineage commitment, differentiation of cardiac stem/progenitor cells, and in regenerative responses following myocardial injury. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of delivering the Notch ligand-containing hydrogels in a rat model of MI. Self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels were functionalized with a peptide mimic of the Notch1 ligand Jagged1 (RJ). In rats subjected to experimental MI, delivery of RJ-containing hydrogel to the infarcted heart resulted in improvement in cardiac function back to sham-operated levels. A significant decrease in fibrosis and an increase in the endothelial vessel area and Ki67 expression were also observed in rats treated with the RJ hydrogels compared to untreated rats or rats treated with unmodified or scrambled peptide hydrogels. This study demonstrates the functional benefit of Notch1-activating peptide delivered in SAP hydrogels for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana V Boopathy
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,2 Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mario D Martinez
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia .,4 Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amanda Walker Smith
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Milton E Brown
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia .,4 Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrés J García
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,2 Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,5 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael E Davis
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,2 Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia .,3 Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia .,4 Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
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40
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Arbustini E, Weidemann F, Hall JL. Left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy or a trait shared by different cardiac diseases? J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1840-50. [PMID: 25443708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Whether left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a distinct cardiomyopathy or a morphologic trait shared by different cardiomyopathies remains controversial. Current guidelines from professional organizations recommend different strategies for diagnosing and treating patients with LVNC. This state-of-the-art review discusses new insights into the basic mechanisms leading to LVNC, its clinical manifestations, treatment modalities, anatomy and pathology, embryology, genetics, epidemiology, and imaging. Three markers currently define LVNC: prominent left ventricular trabeculae, deep intertrabecular recesses, and a thin compacted layer. Although new genetic data from mice and humans supports LVNC as a distinct cardiomyopathy, evidence for LVNC as a shared morphological trait is not ruled out. Criteria supporting LVNC as a shared morphological trait may depend on consensus guidelines from the multiple professional organizations. Enhanced imaging and increased use of genetics are both predicted to significantly impact our overall understanding of the basic mechanisms causing LVNC and its optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Frank Weidemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Yuan X, He B, Lv Z, Luo S. Fabrication of self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels for myocardial repair. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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