1
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Zhou J, Zhao Y, Ling Y, Zhao P, Gao H, Yang Y, Chen J. Microsphere-Composite Hydrogel for Recruiting Stem Cells and Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39263987 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
By recruiting stem cells into scaffolds and differentiating them into osteoblasts, stem cells can be mobilized to directly repair bone defects, which avoids a series of disadvantages of exogenous stem cell implantation. In this study, a microsphere-composite hydrogel for the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells was constructed. Methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin (GelMA) and heparin (HepMA), as well as nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP), were used to prepare microspheres followed by adsorbing platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) whose loading efficiency was 53.7 ± 2.2%. Then the microspheres were compounded to the GelMA hydrogel encapsulated with simvastatin (SIM) to obtain microsphere-composite hydrogel GHnH-P@GS. GHnH-P@GS hydrogel could slowly release SIM and PDGF-BB, and the extents of release within 7 days were 44.1 ± 2.0% and 32.8 ± 1.1%. The synergistic effect of small molecule drugs and growth factors not only induced the recruitment of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but also promoted the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, which was confirmed by experiments of cell migration, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red staining. Collectively, the microsphere-composite hydrogel GHnH-P@GS has a certain reference significance for the design of scaffolds for alveolar bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Ling
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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2
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Koç S, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Versatile cell cultivation on injectable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) microcarriers: Impact of surface properties across different cell types. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35464. [PMID: 39194038 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Injectable cell therapies offer several advantages compared with traditional open surgery, including less trauma to the patient, shorter recovery time, and lower risk of infection. However, a significant problem is the difficulty in developing effective cell delivery carriers that are cyto-compatible and maintain cell viability both during and after injection. In the presented study, it was aimed to develop poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) microcarriers using the emulsion preparation-solvent evaporation technique. The optimized diameter of the PBAT microcarriers was determined as 104 ± 15 μm at 700 rpm and there would be no blockage after injection due to the nonswelling feature of microcarriers. Furthermore, the cellular activities of PBAT microcarriers were evaluated in static culture for 7 days using L929 mouse fibroblasts, MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblasts, and rat adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AdMSCs). 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide results and Sscanning electron microscope images showed that PBAT microcarriers increased the adhesion and proliferation properties of pre-osteoblasts and stem cells, while L929 fibroblasts formed aggregates by adhering to certain regions of the microcarrier surface and did not spread on the surface. These results emphasize that PBAT microcarriers can be used as injectable carriers, especially in stem cell therapies, but their surface properties need to be modified for some cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Koç
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Bioengineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Zhang L, Ma M, Li J, Qiao K, Xie Y, Zheng Y. Stimuli-responsive microcarriers and their application in tissue repair: A review of magnetic and electroactive microcarrier. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:147-162. [PMID: 38808158 PMCID: PMC11130597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcarrier applications have made great advances in tissue engineering in recent years, which can load cells, drugs, and bioactive factors. These microcarriers can be minimally injected into the defect to help reconstruct a good microenvironment for tissue repair. In order to achieve more ideal performance and face more complex tissue damage, an increasing amount of effort has been focused on microcarriers that can actively respond to external stimuli. These microcarriers have the functions of directional movement, targeted enrichment, material release control, and providing signals conducive to tissue repair. Given the high controllability and designability of magnetic and electroactive microcarriers, the research progress of these microcarriers is highlighted in this review. Their structure, function and applications, potential tissue repair mechanisms, and challenges are discussed. In summary, through the design with clinical translation ability, meaningful and comprehensive experimental characterization, and in-depth study and application of tissue repair mechanisms, stimuli-responsive microcarriers have great potential in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiYang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- Beijing Wanjie Medical Device Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Junfei Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Beijing Gerecov Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Beijing Gerecov Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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4
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Mojares E, Nadal C, Hayler D, Kanso H, Chrysanthou A, Neri Cruz CE, Gautrot JE. Strong Elastic Protein Nanosheets Enable the Culture and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on Microdroplets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406333. [PMID: 39036832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell technologies, revolutionizing regenerative therapies and advanced in vitro testing, require novel cell manufacturing pipelines able to cope with scale up and parallelization. Microdroplet technologies, which have transformed single cell sequencing and other cell-based assays, are attractive in this context, but the inherent soft mechanics of liquid-liquid interfaces is typically thought to be incompatible with the expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their differentiation. In this work, the design of protein nanosheets stabilizing liquid-liquid interfaces and enabling the adhesion, expansion and retention of stemness by iPSCs is reported. Microdroplet microfluidic chips are used to control the formulation of droplets with defined dimensions and size distributions. The resulting emulsions sustain high expansion rates, with excellent retention of stem cell marker expression. iPSCs cultured in such conditions retain the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. This work provides clear evidence that local nanoscale mechanics, associated with interfacial viscoelasticity, provides strong cues able to regulate and maintain pluripotency, as well as to support commitment in defined differentiation conditions. Microdroplet technologies appear as attractive candidates to transform cell manufacturing pipelines, bypassing significant hurdles paused by solid substrates and microcarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Mojares
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Clemence Nadal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniel Hayler
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Hassan Kanso
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexandra Chrysanthou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Carlos E Neri Cruz
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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5
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Yamashita M, Tamamitsu M, Kirisako H, Goda Y, Chen X, Hattori K, Ota S. High-Throughput 3D Imaging Flow Cytometry of Suspended Adherent 3D Cell Cultures. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301318. [PMID: 38133483 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
3D cell cultures are indispensable in recapitulating in vivo environments. Among the many 3D culture methods, culturing adherent cells on hydrogel beads to form spheroid-like structures is a powerful strategy for maintaining high cell viability and functions in the adherent states. However, high-throughput, scalable technologies for 3D imaging of individual cells cultured on the hydrogel scaffolds are lacking. This study reports the development of a high throughput, scalable 3D imaging flow cytometry platform for analyzing spheroid models. This platform is realized by integrating a single objective fluorescence light-sheet microscopy with a microfluidic device that combines hydrodynamic and acoustofluidic focusing techniques. This integration enabled unprecedentedly high-throughput and scalable optofluidic 3D imaging, processing 1310 spheroids consisting of 28 117 cells min-1. The large dataset obtained enables precise quantification and comparison of the nuclear morphology of adhering and suspended cells, revealing that the adhering cells have smaller nuclei with less rounded surfaces. This platform's high throughput, robustness, and precision for analyzing the morphology of subcellular structures in 3D culture models hold promising potential for various biomedical analyses, including image-based phenotypic screening of drugs with spheroids or organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minato Yamashita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Miu Tamamitsu
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kirisako
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuki Goda
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Xiaoyao Chen
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Sadao Ota
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
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6
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Jiang Y, Lv H, Shen F, Fan L, Zhang H, Huang Y, Liu J, Wang D, Pan H, Yang J. Strategies in product engineering of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: unveiling the mechanisms underpinning the promotive effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363780. [PMID: 38756412 PMCID: PMC11096451 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries present a significant global challenge, particularly in the aging population. These injuries not only restrict movement due to primary damage but also exacerbate elderly degenerative lesions, leading to secondary cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. Addressing osteoarthritis and cartilage damage involves overcoming several technical challenges in biological treatment. The use of induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) with functional gene modifications emerges as a solution, providing a more stable and controllable source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) with reduced heterogeneity. Furthermore, In addition, this review encompasses strategies aimed at enhancing exosome efficacy, comprising the cultivation of MSCs in three-dimensional matrices, augmentation of functional constituents within MSC-derived exosomes, and modification of their surface characteristics. Finally, we delve into the mechanisms through which MSC-exosomes, sourced from diverse tissues, thwart osteoarthritis (OA) progression and facilitate cartilage repair. This review lays a foundational framework for engineering iMSC-exosomes treatment of patients suffering from osteoarthritis and articular cartilage injuries, highlighting cutting-edge research and potential therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jiang
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanning Lv
- Orthopedics Department, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuguo Shen
- Orthopedics Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Orthopedics Department, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Orthopedics Department, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Wang
- The Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Haile Pan
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Orthopedics Department, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Huang H, Li J, Wang C, Xing L, Cao H, Wang C, Leung CY, Li Z, Xi Y, Tian H, Li F, Sun D. Using Decellularized Magnetic Microrobots to Deliver Functional Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304088. [PMID: 37939310 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) has gained widespread attention in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. However, current approaches for delivering functional scaffolds for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy rely on knee surgery, which is limited by the narrow and complex structure of the articular cavity and carries the risk of injuring surrounding tissues. This work introduces a novel cell microcarrier, magnetized cartilage ECM-derived scaffolds (M-CEDSs), which are derived from decellularized natural porcine cartilage ECM. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are selected for their therapeutic potential in OA treatments. Owing to their natural composition, M-CEDSs have a biomechanical environment similar to that of human cartilage and can efficiently load functional cells while maintaining high mobility. The cells are released spontaneously at a target location for at least 20 days. Furthermore, cell-seeded M-CEDSs show better knee joint function recovery than control groups 3 weeks after surgery in preclinical experiments, and ex vivo experiments reveal that M-CEDSs can rapidly aggregate inside tissue samples. This work demonstrates the use of decellularized microrobots for cell delivery and their in vivo therapeutic effects in preclinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liuxi Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chung Yan Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zongze Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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8
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Zheng YY, Hu ZN, Zhou GH. A review: analysis of technical challenges in cultured meat production and its commercialization. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38384235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The cultured meat technology has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still many technical challenges that hinder the large-scale production and commercialization of cultured meat. Firstly, it is necessary to lay the foundation for cultured meat production by obtaining seed cells and maintaining stable cell functions. Next, technologies such as bioreactors are used to expand the scale of cell culture, and three-dimensional culture technologies such as scaffold culture or 3D printing are used to construct the three-dimensional structure of cultured meat. At the same time, it can reduce production costs by developing serum-free medium suitable for cultured meat. Finally, the edible quality of cultured meat is improved by evaluating food safety and sensory flavor, and combining ethical and consumer acceptability issues. Therefore, this review fully demonstrates the current development status and existing technical challenges of the cultured meat production technology with regard to the key points described above, in order to provide research ideas for the industrial production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Nan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Kot K, Kot Y, Kurbanov R, Andriiash H, Tigunova O, Blume Y, Shulga S. The effect of human PBMCs immobilization on their Аβ42 aggregates-dependent proinflammatory state on a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1325287. [PMID: 38406587 PMCID: PMC10884286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1325287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease are amyloidosis and inflammation. The presented work was aimed to study the effect of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMcs) cells-matrix adhesion on their pro-inflammatory state in vitro. Although direct interaction of Аβ42 to PBMC is not a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease, PBMCs may serve as test cells to detect Аβ42-dependent molecular effects in monitoring disease progression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used to assess changes in cytokines released in response to diseases or Alzheimer's disease-specific cytotoxic molecules such as Aβ42. The effect of recombinant amyloid β-peptide rАβ42 on the concentration of endogenous amyloid β-peptide Aβ40 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were cultured in suspension and immobilized in alginate microcarriers for 24 h were investigated. The localization and accumulation of Aβ40 and rAβ42 peptides in cells, as well as quantitative determination of the concentration of Aβ40 peptide, TNFα and IL-1β cytokines, was performed by intravital fluorescence imaging. The results were qualitatively similar for both cell models. It was determined that the content of TNFα and Aβ40 in the absence of rAβ42 in the incubation medium did not change for 24 h after incubation, and the content of IL-1β was lower compared to the cells that were not incubated. Incubation of cells in vitro with exogenous rAβ42 led to an increase in the intracellular content of TNFα and Aβ40, and no accumulation of IL-1β in cells was observed. The accumulation of Aβ40 in the cytoplasm was accompanied by the aggregation of rAβ42 on the outer surface of the cell plasma membrane. It was shown that the basic levels of indicators and the intensity of the response of immobilized cells to an exogenous stimulus were significantly greater than those of cells in suspension. To explore whether non-neuronal cells effects in alginate microcarriers were cell-matrix adhesion mediated, we tested the effect of blocking β1 integrins on proamyloidogenic and proinflammation cellular state. Immobilization within alginate hydrogels after incubation with the β1 integrins blocking antibodies showed a remarkable inhibition of TNFα and Aβ40 accumulation in rAβ42-treated cells. It can be concluded that activation of signal transduction and synthesizing activity of a portion of mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood is possible (can significantly increase) in the presence of cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Kot
- Biochemistry Department, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Kot
- Biochemistry Department, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Rustam Kurbanov
- Biochemistry Department, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Hanna Andriiash
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Tigunova
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Shulga
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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10
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Shen Y, Xu Y, Yu Z, Chen G, Chen B, Liao L. Multifunctional Injectable Microspheres Containing "Naturally-Derived" Photothermal Transducer for Synergistic Physical and Chemical Treating of Acute Osteomyelitis through Sequential Immunomodulation. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38335113 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a persistent and deep-seated infection that affects bone tissue. The main challenges in treating osteomyelitis include antibiotic resistance, systemic toxicity, and the need for multiple recurrent surgeries. An ideal therapeutic strategy involves the development of materials that combine physical, chemical, and immunomodulatory synergistic effects. In this work, we prepared injectable microspheres consisting of an interpenetrating network of ionic-cross-linked sodium alginate (SA) and genipin (Gp)-cross-linked gelatin (Gel) incorporated with tannic acid (TA) and copper ions (Cu2+). The Gp-cross-linked Gel acted as a "naturally-derived" photothermal therapy (PTT) agent. The results showed that the microspheres exhibited efficient and rapid bactericidal effects against both S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) under the irradiation of near-infrared light at 808 nm wavelength; moreover, the release of Cu2+ also induced sustained inhibitory effects against bacteria during the nonirradiation period. The in vitro cell culture results indicated that when combined with PTT, the microspheres could adaptively modulate macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes in sequence. Additionally, these microspheres were found to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo studies conducted in a rat femur osteomyelitis model with bone defects showed that under multiple laser irradiation the microspheres effectively controlled bacterial infection, improved the pathological immune microenvironment, and significantly enhanced the repair and regeneration of bone tissues in the affected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaowen Xu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziqian Yu
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liqiong Liao
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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11
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Ding L, Oh S, Shrestha J, Lam A, Wang Y, Radfar P, Warkiani ME. Scaling up stem cell production: harnessing the potential of microfluidic devices. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108271. [PMID: 37844769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are specialised cells characterised by their unique ability to both self-renew and transform into a wide array of specialised cell types. The widespread interest in stem cells for regenerative medicine and cultivated meat has led to a significant demand for these cells in both research and practical applications. Despite the growing need for stem cell manufacturing, the industry faces significant obstacles, including high costs for equipment and maintenance, complicated operation, and low product quality and yield. Microfluidic technology presents a promising solution to the abovementioned challenges. As an innovative approach for manipulating liquids and cells within microchannels, microfluidics offers a plethora of advantages at an industrial scale. These benefits encompass low setup costs, ease of operation and multiplexing, minimal energy consumption, and the added advantage of being labour-free. This review presents a thorough examination of the prominent microfluidic technologies employed in stem cell research and explores their promising applications in the burgeoning stem cell industry. It thoroughly examines how microfluidics can enhance cell harvesting from tissue samples, facilitate mixing and cryopreservation, streamline microcarrier production, and efficiently conduct cell separation, purification, washing, and final cell formulation post-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Smart MCs Pty Ltd, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
| | - Steve Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alan Lam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Payar Radfar
- Smart MCs Pty Ltd, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia..
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12
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Grijalva Garces D, Appoldt LJ, Egner J, Leister N, Hubbuch J. The Effect of Gelatin Source on the Synthesis of Gelatin-Methacryloyl and the Production of Hydrogel Microparticles. Gels 2023; 9:927. [PMID: 38131913 PMCID: PMC10742808 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is widely used for the formulation of hydrogels in diverse biotechnological applications. After the derivatization of raw gelatin, the degree of functionalization (DoF) is an attribute of particular interest as the functional residues are necessary for crosslinking. Despite progress in the optimization of the process found in the literature, a comparison of the effect of raw gelatin on the functionalization is challenging as various approaches are employed. In this work, the modification of gelatin was performed at room temperature (RT), and eight different gelatin products were employed. The DoF proved to be affected by the bloom strength and by the species of gelatin at an equal reactant ratio. Furthermore, batch-to-batch variability of the same gelatin source had an effect on the produced GelMA. Moreover, the elasticity of GelMA hydrogels depended on the DoF of the protein as well as on bloom strength and source of the raw material. Additionally, GelMA solutions were used for the microfluidic production of droplets and subsequent crosslinking to hydrogel. This process was developed as a single pipeline at RT using protein concentrations up to 20% (w/v). Droplet size was controlled by the ratio of the continuous to dispersed phase. The swelling behavior of hydrogel particles depended on the GelMA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grijalva Garces
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Luise Josephine Appoldt
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jasmin Egner
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nico Leister
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section I: Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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13
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Kaneko M, Sato A, Ayano S, Fujita A, Kobayashi G, Ito A. Expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells on poly(vinyl alcohol) microcarriers. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:407-414. [PMID: 37657971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcarriers provide a high surface-area-to-volume ratio that can realize high yields of cell products, including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we report a novel poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based microcarrier for hMSC expansion in suspension culture. PVA microcarriers were prepared as collagen-coated PVA hydrogels 181 μm in size and a high surface-area-to-weight ratio of 2945 cm2/g. The PVA microcarriers supported a 2.6-fold expansion of hMSCs in a 30-mL single-use stirred bioreactor after a 7 d culture period, comparable to that of commercially available microcarriers. Interestingly, we observed that hMSCs on PVA microcarriers adhered to adjacent microcarriers, resulting in the aggregation of hMSC-PVA microcarriers. Therefore, we conducted a long-term expansion culture using a bead-to-bead cell transfer method with PVA microcarriers. Fresh microcarriers were added to the cell-populated microcarriers in the bioreactor on days 7 and 14. hMSCs on PVA microcarriers continued to grow for 21 d using the bead-to-bead cell transfer method. Furthermore, magnetic PVA (PVA-mag) microcarriers were developed by loading magnetic nanoparticles into PVA microcarriers, and we demonstrated that these PVA-mag microcarriers enabled cell recovery by magnetic separation. These results suggest that these PVA microcarriers can contribute to the large-scale culture of hMSCs for regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Airi Sato
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Ayano
- Research and Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd., 41 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841, Japan
| | - Akio Fujita
- Research and Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd., 41 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841, Japan
| | - Goro Kobayashi
- Research and Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd., 41 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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14
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Vallabhaneni H, Shah T, Shah P, Hursh DA. Suspension culture on microcarriers and as aggregates enables expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Cytotherapy 2023; 25:993-1005. [PMID: 37256241 PMCID: PMC11447601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold a great promise for promoting regenerative medical therapies due to their ability to generate multiple mature cell types and for their high expansion potential. However, cell therapies require large numbers of cells to achieve desired therapeutic effects, and traditional two-dimensional static culture methods cannot meet the required production demand for cellular therapies. One solution to this problem is scaling up expansion of PSCs in bioreactors using culture strategies such as growing cells on microcarriers or as aggregates in suspension culture. METHODS In this study, we directly compared PSC expansion and quality parameters in microcarrier- and aggregate-cultures grown in single-use vertical-wheel bioreactors. RESULTS We showed comparable expansion of cells on microcarriers and as aggregates by day 6 with a cell density reaching 2.2 × 106 cells/mL and 1.8 × 106 cells/mL and a fold-expansion of 22- and 18-fold, respectively. PSCs cultured on microcarriers and as aggregates were comparable with parallel two-dimensional cultures and with each other in terms of pluripotency marker expression and retention of other pluripotency characteristics as well as differentiation potential into three germ layers, neural precursor cells and cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not demonstrate a clear advantage between the two three-dimensional methods for the quality parameters assessed. This analysis adds support to the use of bioreactor systems for large scale expansion of PSCs, demonstrating that the cells retain key characteristics of PSCs and differentiation potential in suspension culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Vallabhaneni
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissue and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Tanvi Shah
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissue and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Parthiv Shah
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissue and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah A Hursh
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissue and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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15
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Jaime-Rodríguez M, Cadena-Hernández AL, Rosales-Valencia LD, Padilla-Sánchez JM, Chavez-Santoscoy RA. Are genetic drift and stem cell adherence in laboratory culture issues for cultivated meat production? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189664. [PMID: 37701376 PMCID: PMC10493286 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based cultivated meat is a promising solution to the ecological and ethical problems posed by traditional meat production, since it exhibits a protein content and composition that is more comparable to original meat proteins than any other source of cultivated meat products, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. Nonetheless, the nature and laboratory behavior of mesenchymal stem cells pose two significant challenges for large-scale production: genetic drift and adherent growth in culture. Culture conditions used in the laboratory expose the cells to a selective pressure that causes genetic drift, which may give rise to oncogene activation and the loss of "stemness." This is why genetic and functional analysis of the cells during culture is required to determine the maximum number of passages within the laboratory where no significant mutations or loss of function are detected. Moreover, the adherent growth of mesenchymal stem cells can be an obstacle for their large-scale production since volume to surface ratio is limited for high volume containers. Multi-tray systems, roller bottles, and microcarriers have been proposed as potential solutions to scale-up the production of adherent cells required for cultivated meat. The most promising solutions for the safety problems and large-scale obstacles for cultivated meat production are the determination of a limit number of passages based on a genetic analysis and the use of microcarriers from edible materials to maximize the volume to surface proportion and decrease the downstream operations needed for cultivated meat production.
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16
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Chen X, Li K, Chen J, Tan S. Breakthrough in large-scale production of iPSCs-derived exosomes to promote clinical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1257186. [PMID: 37691905 PMCID: PMC10484304 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1257186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Rosado-Galindo H, Domenech M. Substrate topographies modulate the secretory activity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:208. [PMID: 37605275 PMCID: PMC10441765 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete a diversity of factors with broad therapeutic potential, yet current culture methods limit potency outcomes. In this study, we used topographical cues on polystyrene films to investigate their impact on the secretory profile and potency of bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs). hBM-MSCs from four donors were cultured on topographic substrates depicting defined roughness, curvature, grooves and various levels of wettability. METHODS The topographical PS-based array was developed using razor printing, polishing and plasma treatment methods. hBM-MSCs from four donors were purchased from RoosterBio and used in co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Cell Applications Inc. in an immunopotency assay to measure immunosuppressive capacity. Cells were cultured on low serum (2%) for 24-48 h prior to analysis. Image-based analysis was used for cell quantification and morphology assessment. Metabolic activity of BM-hMSCs was measured as the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate using an extracellular flux analyzer. Conditioned media samples of BM-hMSCs were used to quantify secreted factors, and the data were analyzed using R statistics. Enriched bioprocesses were identify using the Gene Ontology tool enrichGO from the clusterprofiler. One-way and two-way ANOVAs were carried out to identify significant changes between the conditions. Results were deemed statistically significant for combined P < 0.05 for at least three independent experiments. RESULTS Cell viability was not significantly affected in the topographical substrates, and cell elongation was enhanced at least twofold in microgrooves and surfaces with a low contact angle. Increased cell elongation correlated with a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to a glycolytic state which is indicative of a high-energy state. Differential protein expression and gene ontology analyses identified bioprocesses enriched across donors associated with immune modulation and tissue regeneration. The growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was suppressed in hBM-MSCs co-cultures, confirming enhanced immunosuppressive potency. YAP/TAZ levels were found to be reduced on these topographies confirming a mechanosensing effect on cells and suggesting a potential role in the immunomodulatory function of hMSCs. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the potential of topographical cues as a culture strategy to improve the secretory capacity and enrich for an immunomodulatory phenotype in hBM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heizel Rosado-Galindo
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Road 108, KM 1.1., Mayagüez, PR, 00680, USA
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Road 108, KM 1.1., Mayagüez, PR, 00680, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Road 108, KM 1.1., Mayagüez, PR, 00680, USA.
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18
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Gao T, Zhao X, Hao J, Tian Y, Ma H, Liu W, An B, Sun F, Liu S, Guo B, Niu S, Li Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Feng G, Wang L, Li W, Wu J, Guo M, Zhou Q, Gu Q. A scalable culture system incorporating microcarrier for specialised mesenchymal stem cells from human embryonic stem cells. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100662. [PMID: 37214547 PMCID: PMC10196860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a desirable cell source for cell therapy owing to their capacity to be produced stably and homogeneously in large quantities. However, a scalable culture system for hPSC-derived MSCs is urgently needed to meet the cell quantity and quality requirements of practical clinical applications. In this study, we developed a new microcarrier with hyaluronic acid (HA) as the core material, which allowed scalable serum-free suspension culture of hESC-derived MSCs (IMRCs). We used optimal microcarriers with a coating collagen concentration of 100 μg/mL or concave-structured surface (cHAMCs) for IMRC amplification in a stirred bioreactor, expanding IMRCs within six days with the highest yield of over one million cells per milliliter. In addition, the harvested cells exhibited high viability, immunomodulatory and regenerative therapeutic promise comparable to monolayer cultured MSCs while showing more increased secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly collagen-related proteins. In summary, we have established a scalable culture system for hESC-MSCs, providing novel approaches for future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Hao
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huike Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin An
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Faguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baojie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Guo C, Zhang T, Tang J, Gao C, Zhou Z, Li C. Construction of PLGA Porous Microsphere-Based Artificial Pancreatic Islets Assisted by the Cell Centrifugation Perfusion Technique. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15288-15297. [PMID: 37151553 PMCID: PMC10157690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment that could potentially reverse diabetes, but its clinical applicability is severely limited by a shortage of organ donors. Various cell loading approaches using polymeric porous microspheres (PMs) have been developed for tissue regeneration; however, PM-based multicellular artificial pancreatic islets' construction has been scarcely reported. In this study, MIN6 (a mouse insulinoma cell line) and MS1 (a mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cell line) cells were seeded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) PMs via an upgraded centrifugation-based cell perfusion seeding technique invented and patented by our group. Cell morphology, distribution, viability, migration, and proliferation were all evaluated. Results from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay and RNA-seq analysis suggested that MIN6 and MS1-loaded PLGA PMs exhibited better glucose responsiveness, which is partly attributable to vascular formation during PM-dependent islet construction. The present study suggests that the PLGA PM-based artificial pancreatic islets may provide an alternative strategy for the potential treatment of diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjia Guo
- Biomedical
Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical
Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jianghai Tang
- Biomedical
Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Biomedical
Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Biomedical
Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin 300192, China
- ,
| | - Chen Li
- Biomedical
Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin 300192, China
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20
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Jankovic MG, Stojkovic M, Bojic S, Jovicic N, Kovacevic MM, Ivosevic Z, Juskovic A, Kovacevic V, Ljujic B. Scaling up human mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing using bioreactors for clinical uses. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103393. [PMID: 37163885 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells and an attractive therapeutic agent in regenerative medicine and intensive clinical research. Despite the great potential, the limitation that needs to be overcome is the necessity of ex vivo expansion because of insufficient number of hMSCs presented within adult organs and the high doses required for a transplantation. As a result, numerous research studies aim to provide novel expansion methods in order to achieve appropriate numbers of cells with preserved therapeutic quality. Bioreactor-based cell expansion provide high-level production of hMSCs in accordance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) and quality standards. This review summarizes current knowledge about the hMSCs manufacturing platforms with a main focus to the application of bioreactors for large-scale production of GMP-grade hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gazdic Jankovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia.
| | | | - Sanja Bojic
- Newcastle University, School of Computing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Ivosevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Juskovic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, 81110 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vojin Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia
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Biomanufacturing Recombinantly Expressed Cripto-1 Protein in Anchorage-Dependent Mammalian Cells Growing in Suspension Bioreactors within a Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Microcarrier. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030243. [PMID: 36975692 PMCID: PMC10048735 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutic soluble proteins that are recombinantly expressed in mammalian cells can pose a challenge when biomanufacturing in three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture systems. Herein, we tested a 3D hydrogel microcarrier for a suspension culture of HEK293 cells overexpressing recombinant Cripto-1 protein. Cripto-1 is an extracellular protein that is involved in developmental processes and has recently been reported to have therapeutic effects in alleviating muscle injury and diseases by regulating muscle regeneration through satellite cell progression toward the myogenic lineage. Cripto-overexpressing HEK293 cell lines were cultured in microcarriers made from poly (ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PF) hydrogels, which provided the 3D substrate for cell growth and protein production in stirred bioreactors. The PF microcarriers were designed with sufficient strength to resist hydrodynamic deterioration and biodegradation associated with suspension culture in stirred bioreactors for up to 21 days. The yield of purified Cripto-1 obtained using the 3D PF microcarriers was significantly higher than that obtained with a two-dimensional (2D) culture system. The bioactivity of the 3D-produced Cripto-1 was equivalent to commercially available Cripto-1 in terms of an ELISA binding assay, a muscle cell proliferation assay, and a myogenic differentiation assay. Taken together, these data indicate that 3D microcarriers made from PF can be combined with mammalian cell expression systems to improve the biomanufacturing of protein-based therapeutics for muscle injuries.
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22
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Peng L, Nadal C, Gautrot JE. Growth of mesenchymal stem cells at the surface of silicone, mineral and plant-based oils. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36808917 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acbdda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioemulsions are attractive platforms for the expansion of adherent cells in bioreactors. Their design relies on the self-assembly of protein nanosheets at liquid-liquid interfaces, displaying strong interfacial mechanical properties and promoting integrin-mediated cell adhesion. However, most systems developed to date have focused on fluorinated oils, which are unlikely to be accepted for direct implantation of resulting cell products for regenerative medicine, and protein nanosheets self-assembly at other interfaces has not been investigated. In this report, the composition of aliphatic pro-surfactants palmitoyl chloride and sebacoyl chloride, on the assembly kinetics of poly(L-lysine) at silicone oil interfaces and characterisation of ultimate interfacial shear mechanics and viscoelasticity is presented. The impact of the resulting nanosheets on the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is investigated via immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy, demonstrating the engagement of the classic focal adhesion-actin cytoskeleton machinery. The ability of MSCs to proliferate at the corresponding interfaces is quantified. In addition, expansion of MSCs at other non-fluorinated oil interfaces, based on mineral and plant-based oils is investigated. Finally, the proof-of-concept of such non-fluorinated oil systems for the formulation of bioemulsions supporting stem cell adhesion and expansion is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Peng
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Clémence Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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23
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Handral HK, Wyrobnik TA, Lam ATL. Emerging Trends in Biodegradable Microcarriers for Therapeutic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061487. [PMID: 36987266 PMCID: PMC10057597 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcarriers (MCs) are adaptable therapeutic instruments that may be adjusted to specific therapeutic uses, making them an appealing alternative for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. MCs can be employed to expand therapeutic cells. MCs can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as well as providing a 3D milieu that replicates the original extracellular matrix, facilitating cell proliferation and differentiation. Drugs, peptides, and other therapeutic compounds can be carried by MCs. The surface of the MCs can be altered, to improve medication loading and release, and to target specific tissues or cells. Allogeneic cell therapies in clinical trials require enormous volumes of stem cells, to assure adequate coverage for several recruitment locations, eliminate batch to batch variability, and reduce production costs. Commercially available microcarriers necessitate additional harvesting steps to extract cells and dissociation reagents, which reduces cell yield and quality. To circumvent such production challenges, biodegradable microcarriers have been developed. In this review, we have compiled key information relating to biodegradable MC platforms, for generating clinical-grade cells, that permit cell delivery at the target site without compromising quality or cell yields. Biodegradable MCs could also be employed as injectable scaffolds for defect filling, supplying biochemical signals for tissue repair and regeneration. Bioinks, coupled with biodegradable microcarriers with controlled rheological properties, might improve bioactive profiles, while also providing mechanical stability to 3D bioprinted tissue structures. Biodegradable materials used for microcarriers have the ability to solve in vitro disease modeling, and are advantageous to the biopharmaceutical drug industries, because they widen the spectrum of controllable biodegradation and may be employed in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Handral
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Tom Adam Wyrobnik
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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24
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Hasebe Y, Yamada M, Utoh R, Seki M. Expansion of Chinese hamster ovary cells via a loose cluster-assisted suspension culture using cell-sized gelatin microcarriers. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:417-422. [PMID: 36931921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Technologies for efficiently expanding Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the primary host cells for antibody production, are of growing industrial importance. Various processes for the use of microcarriers in CHO suspension cultures have been developed, but there have been very few studies on cell-adhesive microcarriers that are similar in size to cells. In this study, we proposed a new approach to suspension cultures of CHO cells using cell-sized condensed and crosslinked gelatin microparticles (GMPs) as carriers. Unlike commercially available carriers with sizes typically greater than 100 μm, each cell can adhere to the surface of multiple particles and form loose clusters with voids. We prepared GMPs of different average diameters (27 and 48 μm) and investigated their effects on cell adhesion and cluster formation. In particular, small GMPs promoted cell proliferation and increased IgG4 production by the antibody-producing CHO cell line. The data obtained in this study suggest that cell-sized particles, rather than larger ones, enhance cell proliferation and function, providing useful insights for improving suspension-culture-based cell expansion and cell-based biologics production for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuken Hasebe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Rie Utoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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25
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Xiang Y, Yan J, Bao X, Gleadall A, Roach P, Sun T. Evaluation of Polymeric Particles for Modular Tissue Cultures in Developmental Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065234. [PMID: 36982306 PMCID: PMC10049291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental engineering (DE) aims to culture mammalian cells on corresponding modular scaffolds (scale: micron to millimeter), then assemble these into functional tissues imitating natural developmental biology processes. This research intended to investigate the influences of polymeric particles on modular tissue cultures. When poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) particles (diameter: 5-100 µm) were fabricated and submerged in culture medium in tissue culture plastics (TCPs) for modular tissue cultures, the majority of adjacent PMMA, some PLA but no PS particles aggregated. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) could be directly seeded onto large (diameter: 30-100 µm) PMMA particles, but not small (diameter: 5-20 µm) PMMA, nor all the PLA and PS particles. During tissue cultures, HDFs migrated from the TCPs surfaces onto all the particles, while the clustered PMMA or PLA particles were colonized by HDFs into modular tissues with varying sizes. Further comparisons revealed that HDFs utilized the same cell bridging and stacking strategies to colonize single or clustered polymeric particles, and the finely controlled open pores, corners and gaps on 3D-printed PLA discs. These observed cell-scaffold interactions, which were then used to evaluate the adaptation of microcarrier-based cell expansion technologies for modular tissue manufacturing in DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jiongyi Yan
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Xujin Bao
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Andrew Gleadall
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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26
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A Multi-Stage Bioprocess for the Expansion of Rodent Skin-Derived Schwann Cells in Computer-Controlled Bioreactors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065152. [PMID: 36982227 PMCID: PMC10049355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies for the treatment of peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries can require hundreds of millions of autologous cells. Current treatments involve the harvest of Schwann cells (SCs) from nerves; however, this is an invasive procedure. Therefore, a promising alternative is using skin-derived Schwann cells (Sk-SCs), in which between 3–5 million cells can be harvested from a standard skin biopsy. However, traditional static planar culture is still inefficient at expanding cells to clinically relevant numbers. As a result, bioreactors can be used to develop reproducible bioprocesses for the large-scale expansion of therapeutic cells. Here, we present a proof-of-concept SC manufacturing bioprocess using rat Sk-SCs. With this integrated process, we were able to simulate a feasible bioprocess, taking into consideration the harvest and shipment of cells to a production facility, the generation of the final cell product, and the cryopreservation and shipment of cells back to the clinic and patient. This process started with 3 million cells and inoculated and expanded them to over 200 million cells in 6 days. Following the harvest and post-harvest cryopreservation and thaw, we were able to maintain 150 million viable cells that exhibited a characteristic Schwann cell phenotype throughout each step of the process. This process led to a 50-fold expansion, producing a clinically relevant number of cells in a 500 mL bioreactor in just 1 week, which is a dramatic improvement over current methods of expansion.
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27
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Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa extract supplementation replacing fetal bovine serum for Carassius auratus muscle cell culture under low-serum conditions. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112438. [PMID: 36738005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat production requires large-scale cell proliferation in vitro with the supplementation of necessary media especially serum. This study investigated the capacity of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa extract (APE) to replace fetal bovine serum (FBS) for cell culture under low-serum conditions using Carassius auratus muscle (CAM) cells. Supplementation with APE and 5% FBS in the culture media significantly promoted the proliferation of CAM cells and increased the expression of MyoD in cells compared to that with 5% FBS through cell counting kit-8 and immunofluorescence staining assay. In addition, CAM cells in the media containing 5% FBS and APE could be continually cultured for 4 passages, and the cell number was 1.58 times higher than the counterpart without APE in long-term culture. Moreover, supplementation with APE realized large-scale culture on microcarriers under low-serum conditions, and more adherent cells were observed on microcarriers in 2% FBS supplemented with APE, compared with those in 2% FBS and 10% FBS without APE. These findings highlighted a potentially promising application of APE in muscle cell culture under low-serum conditions for cultured meat production.
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28
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Chen L, Huang X, Chen H, Bao D, Su X, Wei L, Hu N, Huang W, Xiang Z. Hypoxia-mimicking scaffolds with controlled release of DMOG and PTHrP to promote cartilage regeneration via the HIF-1α/YAP signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:716-729. [PMID: 36526060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficiently driving chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) while avoiding undesired hypertrophy remains a challenge in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we report the sequential combined application of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) to facilitate chondrogenesis and prevent hypertrophy. To support their delivery, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were fabricated using a double emulsion method. Subsequently, these microspheres were incorporated onto a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold with a highly porous structure, high interconnectivity and collagen-like nanofiber architecture to construct a microsphere-based scaffold delivery system. These functional constructs demonstrated that the spatiotemporally controlled release of DMOG and PTHrP effectively mimicked the hypoxic microenvironment to promote chondrogenic differentiation with phenotypic stability in a 3D culture system, which had a certain correlation with the interaction between hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and yes-associated protein (YAP). Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice revealed that the constructs were able to maintain cartilage formation in vivo at 4 and 8 weeks. Overall, this study indicated that DMOG and PTHrP controlled-release PLGA microspheres incorporated with PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds provided an advantageous 3D hypoxic microenvironment for efficacious and clinically relevant cartilage regeneration and is a promising treatment for cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dingsu Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xudong Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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29
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Feng Z, Su X, Wang T, Sun X, Yang H, Guo S. The Role of Microsphere Structures in Bottom-Up Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020321. [PMID: 36839645 PMCID: PMC9964570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects have caused immense healthcare concerns and economic burdens throughout the world. Traditional autologous allogeneic bone grafts have many drawbacks, so the emergence of bone tissue engineering brings new hope. Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary biomedical engineering method that involves scaffold materials, seed cells, and "growth factors". However, the traditional construction approach is not flexible and is unable to adapt to the specific shape of the defect, causing the cells inside the bone to be unable to receive adequate nourishment. Therefore, a simple but effective solution using the "bottom-up" method is proposed. Microspheres are structures with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 µm that can be used as supports for cell growth, either in the form of a scaffold or in the form of a drug delivery system. Herein, we address a variety of strategies for the production of microspheres, the classification of raw materials, and drug loading, as well as analyze new strategies for the use of microspheres in bone tissue engineering. We also consider new perspectives and possible directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (S.G.)
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30
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Chrysanthou A, Kanso H, Zhong W, Shang L, Gautrot JE. Supercharged Protein Nanosheets for Cell Expansion on Bioemulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2760-2770. [PMID: 36598358 PMCID: PMC9869332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture at liquid-liquid interfaces, for example, at the surface of oil microdroplets, is an attractive strategy to scale up adherent cell manufacturing while replacing the use of microplastics. Such a process requires the adhesion of cells at interfaces stabilized and reinforced by protein nanosheets displaying not only high elasticity but also presenting cell adhesive ligands able to bind integrin receptors. In this report, supercharged albumins are found to form strong elastic protein nanosheets when co-assembling with the co-surfactant pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC) and mediate extracellular matrix (ECM) protein adsorption and cell adhesion. The interfacial mechanical properties and elasticity of supercharged nanosheets are characterized by interfacial rheology, and behaviors are compared to those of native bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and α-lactalbumin. The impact of PFBC on such assembly is investigated. ECM protein adsorption to resulting supercharged nanosheets is then quantified via surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy, demonstrating that the dual role supercharged albumins are proposed to play as scaffold protein structuring liquid-liquid interfaces and substrates for the capture of ECM molecules. Finally, the adhesion and proliferation of primary human epidermal stem cells are investigated, at pinned droplets, as well as on bioemulsions stabilized by corresponding supercharged nanosheets. This study demonstrates the potential of supercharged proteins for the engineering of biointerfaces for stem cell manufacturing and draws structure-property relationships that will guide further engineering of associated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chrysanthou
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Hassan Kanso
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Wencheng Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical
University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Li Shang
- State
Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical
University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-QMUL
Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures (JRI-AMAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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31
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Ren X, Gao X, Cheng Y, Xie L, Tong L, Li W, Chu PK, Wang H. Maintenance of multipotency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoneedle arrays through the enhancement of cell-cell interaction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1076345. [PMID: 36698633 PMCID: PMC9870049 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1076345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with high self-renewal ability and multipotency, are commonly used as the seed cells for tissue engineering. However, the reduction and loss of multipotential ability after necessary expansion in vitro set up a heavy obstacle to the clinical application of MSCs. Here in this study, we exploit the autologous crystallization ability of biocompatible poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to obtain uniformly distributed nanoneedle arrays. By controlling the molecular weight of PCL, nanoneedle with a width of 2 μm and height of 50 nm, 80 nm, and 100 nm can be successfully fabricated. After surface chemical modification with polydopamine (PDA), the water contact angle of the fabricated PCL nanoneedle arrays are reduced from 84° to almost 60° with no significant change of the nanostructure. All the fabricated substrates are cultured with bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), and the adhesion, spreading, proliferation ability and multipotency of cells on different substrates are investigated. Compared with the BMMSCs cultured on pure PCL nanoneedle arrays, the decoration of PDA can improve the adhesion and spreading of cells and further change them from aggregated distribution to laminar distribution. Nevertheless, the laminar distribution of cultured cells leads to a weak cell-cell interaction, and hence the multipotency of BMMSCs cultured on the PCL-PDA substrates is decimated. On the contrary, the pure PCL nanoneedle arrays can be used to maintain the multipotency of BMMSCs via clustered growth, and the PCL1 nanoneedle array with a height of 50 nm is more promising than the other 2 with regard to the highest proliferation rate and best multipotential differentiation ability of cultured cells. Interestingly, there is a positive correlation between the strength of cell-cell interaction and the multipotency of stem cells in vitro. In conclusion, we have successfully maintained the multipotency of BMMSCs by using the PCL nanoneedle arrays, especially the PCL1 nanoneedle array with a height of 50 nm, as the substrates for in vitro extension, and further revealed the importance of cell-cell interaction on the multipotency of MSCs. The study provides a theoretical basis for the behavioral regulation of MSCs, and is instructive to the design of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoting Gao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yicheng Cheng, ; Wei Li, ; Huaiyu Wang,
| | - Lingxia Xie
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yicheng Cheng, ; Wei Li, ; Huaiyu Wang,
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yicheng Cheng, ; Wei Li, ; Huaiyu Wang,
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32
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Zhao Z, Wang Y, Yin B, Li X, Hao R, Li Z, Li P, Han M, Ding L, Li Z, Zhu H. Defect-adaptive Stem-cell-microcarrier Construct Promotes Tissue Repair in Rabbits with Knee Cartilage Defects. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:201-212. [PMID: 35900693 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although various reconstruction techniques are available for cartilage defects, the repair effects and conveniences remain to be further improved due to the limited regenerative capacity of cartilaginous tissues and difficulties in seamlessly fulfilling irregularly shaped defects. In the current study, we explored the repair efficacy of stem cell microcarrier construct (microcarriers loaded with human chondrogenic progenitor cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) in cartilage defect models. A total of 39 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were included, and femoral trochlear cartilage defect models were established (n = 33). Stem cell microcarrier constructs were implanted into cartilage defects (n = 6), the maintenance conditions of the implanted constructs were observed on days 4, 8, and 30 post implantation (n = 3). Gross observation and pathological analysis were performed to assay the reconstitution of cartilage defects at 12 weeks post-cartilage defect repair(n = 6). The microcarriers could fill the defect model with good plasticity to integrate well with the boundary native normal cartilage. At 3 months after implantation, the defects were filled with fibrous cartilage tissues in the microcarrier without stem cells group. In the microcarrier loaded with BMSCs group, newly formed tissue with a similar appearance of boundary cartilage fulfilled the defects, but the surface was not completely smooth. Promisingly, the defects were almost completely filled with newly regenerated cartilaginous tissues, which had a smooth appearance similar to that of normal cartilage in the microcarrier loaded with CPCs group. These results suggest the feasibility of stem cell microcarrier construct in repairing cartilage defects, indicating promising clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.,Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.,Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bofeng Yin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruicong Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peilin Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mengyue Han
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China. .,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, No.30 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhongli Li
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China. .,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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33
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Bader J, Narayanan H, Arosio P, Leroux JC. Improving extracellular vesicles production through a Bayesian optimization-based experimental design. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 182:103-114. [PMID: 36526027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the growing demand and diversity of biological drugs, developing optimal processes for their accelerated production with minimal resource utilization is a pressing challenge. Typically, such optimization involves multiple target properties, such as production yield, biological activity, and product purity. Therefore, strategic experimental design techniques that can characterize the parameter space while simultaneously arriving at the optimal process satisfying multiple target properties are required. To achieve this, we propose the use of a multi-objective batch Bayesian optimization (MOBBO) algorithm and illustrate its successful application for the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a 3D culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) considering three objectives, namely to maximize the vesicle-to-protein ratio, maximize the enzymatic activity of the MSC-EV protein CD73, and minimize the amount of calregulin impurities. We show that the optimal combination of the process parameters to address the intended objectives could be achieved with only 32 experiments. For the four parameters considered (i.e., microcarrier concentration, seeding density, centrifugation time, and impeller speed), this number of experiments is comparable to or lower than the classical design of experiments (DoE) and the traditional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. We illustrate how the algorithm adaptively samples in the process parameter space, selectively excluding unfavorable regions, thus minimizing the number of experiments required to reach optimal conditions. Finally, we compare the obtained solutions to the literature data and present possible applications of the collected data for other modeling activities such as Quality by Design, process monitoring, control, and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bader
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harini Narayanan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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34
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Current Advances in 3D Dynamic Cell Culture Systems. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120829. [PMID: 36547353 PMCID: PMC9778081 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods have a long history of mimicking in vivo cell growth. However, these methods cannot fully represent physiological conditions, which lack two major indexes of the in vivo environment; one is a three-dimensional 3D cell environment, and the other is mechanical stimulation; therefore, they are incapable of replicating the essential cellular communications between cell to cell, cell to the extracellular matrix, and cellular responses to dynamic mechanical stimulation in a physiological condition of body movement and blood flow. To solve these problems and challenges, 3D cell carriers have been gradually developed to provide a 3D matrix-like structure for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and communication in static and dynamic culture conditions. 3D cell carriers in dynamic culture systems could primarily provide different mechanical stimulations which further mimic the real in vivo microenvironment. In this review, the current advances in 3D dynamic cell culture approaches have been introduced, with their advantages and disadvantages being discussed in comparison to traditional 2D cell culture in static conditions.
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35
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Sun D, Liu X, Xu L, Meng Y, Kang H, Li Z. Advances in the Treatment of Partial-Thickness Cartilage Defect. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6275-6287. [PMID: 36536940 PMCID: PMC9758915 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial-thickness cartilage defects (PTCDs) of the articular surface is the most common problem in cartilage degeneration, and also one of the main pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Due to the lack of a clear diagnosis, the symptoms are often more severe when full-thickness cartilage defect (FTCDs) is present. In contrast to FTCDs and osteochondral defects (OCDs), PTCDs does not injure the subchondral bone, there is no blood supply and bone marrow exudation, and the nearby microenvironment is unsuitable for stem cells adhesion, which completely loses the ability of self-repair. Some clinical studies have shown that partial-thickness cartilage defects is as harmful as full-thickness cartilage defects. Due to the poor effect of conservative treatment, the destructive surgical treatment is not suitable for the treatment of partial-thickness cartilage defects, and the current tissue engineering strategies are not effective, so it is urgent to develop novel strategies or treatment methods to repair PTCDs. In recent years, with the interdisciplinary development of bioscience, mechanics, material science and engineering, many discoveries have been made in the repair of PTCDs. This article reviews the current status and research progress in the treatment of PTCDs from the aspects of diagnosis and modeling of PTCDs, drug therapy, tissue transplantation repair technology and tissue engineering ("bottom-up").
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Meng
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifei Kang
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Kong Y, Jing L, Huang D. Plant proteins as the functional building block of edible microcarriers for cell-based meat culture application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4966-4976. [PMID: 36384368 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Edible microcarriers are essential for developing cell-based meat in large-scale cell cultures. As they are required to be embedded in the final products, the microcarriers should be edible, biocompatible, cost-effective, and pathogen-free. The invention of edible animal-free microcarriers would be a breakthrough for cell-based meat culture. We reviewed the fabrication techniques and the materials of microcarriers, and found that plant proteins, having diverse structures and composition, could possess the active domains that are hypnotized to replace the animal-based extracellular matrix (ECM) for meat culture applications. In addition, the bioactive peptides in plants have been reviewed and most of them were resulted from enzyme hydrolysis. Therefore, plant proteins with rich bioactive peptides have the potential in the development microcarriers. Our work provided some new trains of thought for developing plant-based biomaterials as ECM materials and advances the fabrication of microcarriers for meat culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 2 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linzhi Jing
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 2 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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37
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Mawji I, Roberts EL, Dang T, Abraham B, Kallos MS. Challenges and Opportunities in Downstream Separation Processes for Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cultured in Microcarrier-based Stirred Suspension Bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3062-3078. [PMID: 35962467 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising platform for regenerative medicine applications because of their multi-lineage differentiation abilities and ease of collection, isolation, and growth ex-vivo. To meet the demand for clinical applications, large scale manufacturing will be required using three-dimension culture platforms in vessels such as stirred suspension bioreactors. As MSCs are an adherent cell type, microcarriers are added to the culture to increase the available surface area for attachment and growth. Although extensive research has been performed on efficiently culturing MSCs using microcarriers, challenges persist in downstream processing including harvesting, filtration, and volume reduction which all play a critical role for the translation of cell therapies to the clinic. The objective of this review is to assess the current state of downstream technologies available for microcarrier-based MSC cultures. This includes a review of current research within the three stages: harvesting, filtration, and volume reduction. Using this information, a downstream process for MSCs is proposed which can be applied for a wide range of applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaara Mawji
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin L Roberts
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brett Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Zhang Y, Na T, Zhang K, Yang Y, Xu H, Wei L, Xu L, Yan X, Liu W, Liu G, Wang B, Meng S, Du Y. GMP-grade microcarrier and automated closed industrial scale cell production platform for culture of MSCs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:934-944. [PMID: 35929499 DOI: 10.1002/term.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and large-scale expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has always been a formidable challenge to researchers in cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. To reconcile major drawbacks of 2D planar culturing system, we innovatively developed an automated closed industrial scale cell production (ACISCP) platform based on GMP-grade microcarrier for culture of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UCMSCs), in accordance with the criteria of stem cell bank. ACISCP system is a fully closed system, which employs different models of vivaSPIN bioreactors (CytoNiche Biotech, China) for scale-up cell culture and vivaPREP (CytoNiche Biotech, China) for automated cell harvesting and cell dosage preparation. To realize industrial scale expansion of UCMSCs, a three-stage expansion was conducted with 1 L, 5 and 15 L vivaSPIN bioreactors. Using 3D TableTrix® and ACISCP system, we inoculated 1.5 × 107 of UCMSCs into 1 L vivaSPIN bioreactor and finally scaled to two 15 L bioreactor. A final yield of 2.09 × 1010 cells with an overall expansion factor of 1975 within 13 days. The cells were harvested, concentrated, washed and prepared automatically with vivaPREP. The entire process was realized with ACISCP platform and was totally enclosed. Critical quality attributes (CQA) assessments and release tests of MSCs, including sterility, safety, purity, viability, identity, stability and potency were performed accordingly. The quality of cells harvested from 3D culture on the ACISCP and conventional 2D planar culture counterpart has no significant difference. This study provides a bioprocess engineering platform, harnessing GMP-grade 3D TableTrix® microcarriers and ACISCP to achieve industrial-scale manufacturing of clinical-grade hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Na
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Huanye Xu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shufang Meng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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39
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Darge HF, Lin YH, Hsieh-Chih T, Lin SY, Yang MC. Thermo/redox-responsive dissolvable gelatin-based microsphere for efficient cell harvesting during 3D cell culturing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213008. [PMID: 35882154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of microspheres for culturing adherent cells has been proven as an important method, allowing for obtaining adequate number of cells in limited space and volume of medium for the intended cell-based medical applications. However, the use of proteolytic enzymes for cell harvesting from the microsphere resulted in cell damage and loss of functionality. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel redox/thermo-responsive dissolvable gelatin-based microsphere for successful cell proliferation and harvesting adequate high-quality cells using non-enzymatic cell detachment methods. Initially, a redox-induced dissolvable gelatin-based microsphere was successfully prepared using disulfide bonds as crosslinking agent, firmly stabilizing gelatin networks and forming a stable microsphere at physiological temperature. The optimized concentration of the crosslinking agent was 1.2 mM, which kept the microsphere stable for >120 h. The microsphere was then coated with PNIPAm-ALA copolymer via physical or chemical means, resulting in a positively charged thermosensitive surface. The positive charge derived from ALA in PNIPAm-ALA copolymer enhanced cell attachment, while the thermosensitive property of the copolymer enabled for temperature induced cell harvesting. When the temperature dropped below the LCST value of PNIPAm-ALA5 (33.4°C), the copolymer swelled and became more hydrophilic, allowing cells to be readily separated. The addition of reducing agents such as GSH, DTT and L-cysteine resulted in further cleavage of the disulfide bond in the microsphere and dissolution of the microsphere for complete cell detachment. Interestingly, cell attachment and proliferation were enhanced on microspheres coated with PNIPAm-ALA5 using diselenide as a crosslinking agent, and complete cell detachment was occurred within 15 min after adding 25 mM DTT followed by lowering the temperature (4°C). Therefore, the microsphere fabricated in this study was worthwhile for non-enzymatic cell detachment and has the potential to be used for cell expansion and harvesting adequate live cells of high quality and functionality for tissue engineering or cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile F Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai Hsieh-Chih
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shuian-Yin Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chien Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells spheroid culture effect on the therapeutic efficacy of these cells and their exosomes: A new strategy to overcome cell therapy limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113211. [PMID: 35696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the new treatment methods in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation is one of the cells widely used in this field. The results of MSCs application in the clinic prove their therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, many clinical trials have been designed based on the application of MSCs for various diseases, especially inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine. These cells perform their therapeutic functions through multiple mechanisms, including the differentiative potential, immunomodulatory properties, production of therapeutic exosomes, production of growth factors and cytokines, and anti-apoptotic effects. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that change target cell functions by transferring different cargos. The therapeutic ability of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated in many studies. However, some limitations, such as the low production of exosomes by cells and the need for large amounts of them and also their limited therapeutic ability, have encouraged researchers to find methods that increase exosomes' therapeutic potential. One of these methods is the spheroid culture of MSCs. Studies show that the three-dimensional culture (3DCC) of MSCs in the form of multicellular spheroids increases the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in laboratory and animal applications. In addition, the spheroid culture of MSCs leads to enhanced therapeutic properties of their exosomes and production rate. Due to the novelty of the field of using 3DCC MSCs-derived exosomes, examination of their properties and the results of their therapeutic application can increase our view of this field. This review discussed MSCs and their exosomes enhanced properties in spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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41
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Sarviya N, Basu SM, Mani R, Chauhan M, Kingshott P, Giri J. Biomimicking nanofibrous gelatin microspheres recreating the stem cell niche for their ex-vivo expansion and in-vivo like differentiation for injectable stem cell transplantation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212981. [PMID: 35882137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells based novel treatment modality for degenerative and immune dysfunction diseases created a huge demand of suitable carriers to support ex-vivo production of quality stem cells, and effective in-vivo transplantation of stem cells and their fate. In spite of promising candidature of nanofibrous microspheres (NFM) to recreate native stem cell niches to be used for possible scaling-up for ex-vivo stem cells expansion, it remains fairly unexplored. A systematic study on the stem cell-NFM interaction comparative with commercial microspheres (CM) has been performed for the first time. Gelatin NFM with variable physicochemical properties such as size, surface properties, surface chemistry, and variable degradability were prepared using microemulsion coupled with thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. Effect of physicochemical properties of NFM and their cellular interaction such as binding, morphology, metabolic activity and proliferation studies were performed using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells and compared with the commercial and solid microspheres. Gelatin NFM supports excellent cell binding, proliferation, metabolic activities and chemical cues specific differentiation. All out-turns indicate that NFM stand to be an outstanding candidate for ex-vivo cells' expansion and injectable carriers for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sarviya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne Institute of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suparna Mercy Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Mani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Meenakshi Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne Institute of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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42
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Faynus MA, Bailey JK, Pennington BO, Katsura M, Proctor DA, Yeh AK, Menon S, Choi DG, Lebkowski JS, Johnson LV, Clegg DO. Microcarrier-Based Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070297. [PMID: 35877348 PMCID: PMC9311890 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is estimated to impact nearly 300 million individuals globally by 2040. While no treatment options are currently available, multiple clinical trials investigating retinal pigmented epithelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-RPE) as a cellular replacement therapeutic are currently underway. It has been estimated that a production capacity of >109 RPE cells annually would be required to treat the afflicted population, but current manufacturing protocols are limited, being labor-intensive and time-consuming. Microcarrier technology has enabled high-density propagation of many adherent mammalian cell types via monolayer culture on surfaces of uM-diameter matrix spheres; however, few studies have explored microcarrier-based culture of RPE cells. Here, we provide an approach to the growth, maturation, and differentiation of hPSC-RPE cells on Cytodex 1 (C1) and Cytodex 3 (C3) microcarriers. We demonstrate that hPSC-RPE cells adhere to microcarriers coated with Matrigel, vitronectin or collagen, and mature in vitro to exhibit characteristic epithelial cell morphology and pigmentation. Microcarrier-grown hPSC-RPE cells (mcRPE) are viable; metabolically active; express RPE signature genes including BEST1, RPE65, TYRP1, and PMEL17; secrete the trophic factors PEDF and VEGF; and demonstrate phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Furthermore, we show that undifferentiated hESCs also adhere to Matrigel-coated microcarriers and are amenable to directed RPE differentiation. The capacity to support hPSC-RPE cell cultures using microcarriers enables efficient large-scale production of therapeutic RPE cells sufficient to meet the treatment demands of a large AMD patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Faynus
- Program for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeffrey K. Bailey
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Britney O. Pennington
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Mika Katsura
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Duncan A. Proctor
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ashley K. Yeh
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sneha Menon
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dylan G. Choi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- College of Creative Studies, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jane S. Lebkowski
- Program in Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lincoln V. Johnson
- Program in Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dennis O. Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA 94028, USA; (J.S.L.); (L.V.J.)
- Program in Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Andreassen RC, Rønning SB, Solberg NT, Grønlien KG, Kristoffersen KA, Høst V, Kolset SO, Pedersen ME. Production of food-grade microcarriers based on by-products from the food industry to facilitate the expansion of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Feng ZY, Zhang QY, Tan J, Xie HQ. Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved? SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1325-1341. [PMID: 34637101 PMCID: PMC8506103 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and constitute an important part in the cell-cell communication. The main contents of the exosomes include proteins, microRNAs, and lipids. The mechanism and safety of stem cell-derived exosomes have rendered them a promising therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, limited yield has restrained full explication of their functions and clinical applications To address this, various attempts have been made to explore the up- and down-stream manipulations in a bid to increase the production of exosomes. This review has recapitulated factors which may influence the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes, including selection and culture of stem cells, isolation and preservation of the exosomes, and development of artificial exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Ding L, Razavi Bazaz S, Asadniaye Fardjahromi M, McKinnirey F, Saputro B, Banerjee B, Vesey G, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A modular 3D printed microfluidic system: a potential solution for continuous cell harvesting in large-scale bioprocessing. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:64. [PMID: 38647880 PMCID: PMC10991575 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have shown promising applications in the bioprocessing industry. However, the lack of modularity and high cost of testing and error limit their implementation in the industry. Advances in 3D printing technologies have facilitated the conversion of microfluidic devices from research output to applicable industrial systems. Here, for the first time, we presented a 3D printed modular microfluidic system consisting of two micromixers, one spiral microfluidic separator, and one microfluidic concentrator. We showed that this system can detach and separate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from microcarriers (MCs) in a short time while maintaining the cell's viability and functionality. The system can be multiplexed and scaled up to process large volumes of the industry. Importantly, this system is a closed system with no human intervention and is promising for current good manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mahsa Asadniaye Fardjahromi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Brian Saputro
- Regeneus Ltd, Paddington, Sydney, NSW, 2021, Australia
| | | | - Graham Vesey
- Regeneus Ltd, Paddington, Sydney, NSW, 2021, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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46
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Physical optimization of cell proliferation and differentiation using spinner flask and microcarriers. AMB Express 2022; 12:63. [PMID: 35639184 PMCID: PMC9156609 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The traditional breeding industry has been increasingly saturated and caused environmental pollution, disease transmission, excessive resource use, and methane emission; however, it still cannot meet the needs of the growing population. To explore other alternatives, researchers focused on cell agriculture and cell-based meat, especially large-scale cell culture. As a prerequisite for production, large-scale culture technology has become an important bottleneck restricting cell-based meat industrialization. In this study, the single-factor variable method was adopted to examine the influence of Cytodex1 microcarrier pretreatment, spinner flask reaction vessel, cell culture medium, serum and cell incubation, and other influencing factors on large-scale cell cultures to identify the optimization parameters suitable for 3D culture environment. Collagen and 3D culture were also prospectively explored to promote myogenesis and cultivate tissue-like muscle fibers that contract spontaneously. This research lays a theoretical foundation and an exploratory practice for large-scale cell cultures and provides a study reference for the microenvironment of myoblast culture in vitro, a feasible direction for the cell therapy of muscular dystrophy, and prerequisites for the industrialized manufacturing of cell-based meat. Graphical Abstract Graphical summary: Research on large-scale myoblast culture using spinner flasks and microcarriers. For cell culture, the microcarriers were pretreated with UV and collagen. Cell seeding condition, spinner flask speed, resting time, and spinner flask culture microenvironment were then optimized. Finally, two culture systems were prepared: a culture system based on large-scale cell expansion and a culture system for myogenesis promotion and differentiation ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13568-022-01397-8.
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Ladeira BMF, Gomes MC, Custódio CA, Mano JF. High-Throughput Production of Microsponges from Platelet Lysate for Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:325-334. [PMID: 35343236 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies require a large number of cells, as well as appropriate methods to deliver the cells to damaged tissue. Microcarriers provide an optimal platform for large-scale cell culture while also improving cell retention during cell delivery. However, this technology still presents significant challenges due to low-throughput fabrication methods and an inability of the microcarriers to recreate the properties of human tissue. This work proposes, for the first time, the use of methacryloyl platelet lysates (PLMA), a photocrosslinkable material derived from human platelet lysates, to produce porous microcarriers. Initially, high quantities of PLMA/alginate core-shell microcapsules are produced using coaxial electrospray. Subsequently, the microcapsules are collected, irradiated with ultraviolet light, washed, and freeze dried yielding PLMA microsponges. These microsponges are able to support the adhesion and proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells, while also displaying potential in the assembly of autologous microtissues. Cell-laden microsponges were shown to self-organize into aggregates, suggesting possible applications in bottom-up tissue engineering applications. Impact Statement Microcarriers have increasingly been used as delivery platforms in cell therapy. Herein, the encapsulation of human-derived proteins in alginate microcapsules is proposed as a method to produce microcarriers from photopolymerizable materials. The capsules function as a template structure, which is then processed into spherical microparticles, which can be used in cell culture, cell delivery, and bottom-up assembly. As a proof of concept, this method was combined with lyophilization to process methacryloyl platelet lysates into injectable microsponges for cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M F Ladeira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria C Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina A Custódio
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kong D, Peng L, Bosch-Fortea M, Chrysanthou A, Alexis CVM, Matellan C, Zarbakhsh A, Mastroianni G, del Rio Hernandez A, Gautrot JE. Impact of the multiscale viscoelasticity of quasi-2D self-assembled protein networks on stem cell expansion at liquid interfaces. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Horie M, Yamano-Adachi N, Kawabe Y, Kaneoka H, Fujita H, Nagamori E, Iwai R, Sato Y, Kanie K, Ohta S, Somiya M, Ino K. Recent advances in animal cell technologies for industrial and medical applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Sherstneva AA, Demina TS, Monteiro APF, Akopova TA, Grandfils C, Ilangala AB. Biodegradable Microparticles for Regenerative Medicine: A State of the Art and Trends to Clinical Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1314. [PMID: 35406187 PMCID: PMC9003224 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and cell therapy are very attractive in terms of potential applications but remain quite challenging regarding the clinical aspects. Amongst the different strategies proposed to facilitate their implementation in clinical practices, biodegradable microparticles have shown promising outcomes with several advantages and potentialities. This critical review aims to establish a survey of the most relevant materials and processing techniques to prepare these micro vehicles. Special attention will be paid to their main potential applications, considering the regulatory constraints and the relative easiness to implement their production at an industrial level to better evaluate their application in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Sherstneva
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya Str., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Tatiana S. Demina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya Str., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.A.A.)
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ana P. F. Monteiro
- Interfaculty Research Centre on Biomaterials (CEIB), Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, B6C, 11 Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.P.F.M.); (C.G.); (A.B.I.)
| | - Tatiana A. Akopova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya Str., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre on Biomaterials (CEIB), Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, B6C, 11 Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.P.F.M.); (C.G.); (A.B.I.)
| | - Ange B. Ilangala
- Interfaculty Research Centre on Biomaterials (CEIB), Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, B6C, 11 Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.P.F.M.); (C.G.); (A.B.I.)
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