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Li L, Han B, Kong Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z. Vitamin D binding protein in psychiatric and neurological disorders: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101309. [PMID: 38983447 PMCID: PMC11231549 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) serves as a key transporter protein responsible for binding and delivering vitamin D and its metabolites to target organs. VDBP plays a crucial part in the inflammatory reaction following tissue damage and is engaged in actin degradation. Recent research has shed light on its potential role in various diseases, leading to a growing interest in understanding the implications of VDBP in psychiatric and neurological disorders. The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the existing understanding regarding the involvement of VDBP in neurological and psychiatric disorders. By examining the intricate interplay between VDBP and these disorders, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues. Insights gained from the study of VDBP could pave the way for novel strategies in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gaojia Zhang
- Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Duchow EG, Sibilska-Kaminski IK, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D esters are the major form of vitamin D produced by UV irradiation in mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1399-1404. [PMID: 35488978 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary source of vitamin D3 for humans is that produced in skin by ultraviolet irradiation. Ultraviolet (UV) B (UVB, 280-310 nm) light causes the isomerization of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to pre-vitamin D3 that is thermally isomerized to vitamin D3. In addition to free vitamin D3, it has been previously reported that esterified vitamin D3 is also found in the skin of rats irradiated with UVB. We found that a large fraction of the vitamin D3 precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol is in the esterified form. Following UVB irradiation, vitamin D3 esters represent the majority of tissue vitamin D3, comprising approximately 80% in mice. Examination of vitamin D3 ester transport from skin in DBP-/- mice demonstrated that skin vitamin D3 ester content decreased only in the presence of DBP. No significant binding of vitamin D3 esters by serum was observed and no vitamin D3 esters were detectable in mouse serum after UVB treatment, indicating that the esters are hydrolyzed prior to transport into the circulation. The significance of vitamin D3 esters and their hydrolysis is the subject of current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Duchow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, 271a Biochemistry, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Izabela K Sibilska-Kaminski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, 271a Biochemistry, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, 271a Biochemistry, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, 271a Biochemistry, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Ji Y, Luo K, Zhang JM, Ni P, Xiong W, Luo X, Xu G, Liu H, Zeng Z. Obese rats intervened with Rhizoma coptidis revealed differential gene expression and microbiota by serum metabolomics. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 34380455 PMCID: PMC8359625 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating systems biology is an approach for investigating metabolic diseases in humans. However, few studies use this approach to investigate the mechanism by which Rhizoma coptidis (RC) reduces the effect of lipids and glucose on high-fat induced obesity in rats. Methods Twenty-four specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague–Dawley rats (80 ± 10 g) were used in this study. Serum metabolomics were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Liver tissue and cecum feces were used for RNA-Seq technology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Results We identified nine potential biomarkers, which are differential metabolites in the Control, Model and RC groups, including linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and L-Alloisoleucine (p < 0.01). The liver tissue gene expression profile indicated the circadian rhythm pathway was significantly affected by RC (Q ≤ 0.05). A total of 149 and 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were highly associated with biochemical indicators and potential biomarkers in the cecum samples (FDR ≤ 0.05), respectively, were identified. Conclusion This work provides information to better understand the mechanism of the effect of RC intervention on hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemic effects in obese rats. The present study demonstrates that integrating systems biology may be a powerful tool to reveal the complexity of metabolic diseases in rats intervened by traditional Chinese medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03382-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Ji
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.,Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jiri Mutu Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ni
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Wangping Xiong
- School of Computer, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.,Jiangxi Key Lab of Pharmacology of TCM, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Research Center for Differention and Development of TCM Basic Theory, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.
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Viloria K, Hewison M, Hodson DJ. Vitamin D binding protein/GC-globulin: a novel regulator of alpha cell function and glucagon secretion. J Physiol 2021; 600:1119-1133. [PMID: 33719063 DOI: 10.1113/jp280890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of glucagon to type 1 and type 2 diabetes has long been known, but the underlying defects in alpha cell function are not well-described. During both disease states, alpha cells respond inappropriately to stimuli, leading to dysregulated glucagon secretion, impaired glucose tolerance and hypoglycaemia. The mechanisms involved in this dysfunction are complex, but possibly include changes in alpha cell glucose-sensing, alpha cell de-differentiation, paracrine feedback, as well as alpha cell mass. However, the molecular underpinnings of alpha cell failure are still poorly understood. Recent transcriptomic analyses have identified vitamin D binding protein (DBP), encoded by GC/Gc, as an alpha cell signature gene. DBP is highly localized to the liver and alpha cells and is virtually absent from other tissues and cell types under non-pathological conditions. While the vitamin D transportation role of DBP is well characterized in the liver and circulation, its function in alpha cells remains more enigmatic. Recent work reveals that loss of DBP leads to smaller and hyperplastic alpha cells, which secrete less glucagon in response to low glucose concentration, despite vitamin D sufficiency. Alpha cells lacking DBP display impaired Ca2+ fluxes and Na+ conductance, as well as changes in glucagon granule distribution. Underlying these defects is an increase in the ratio of cytoskeletal F-actin to G-actin, highlighting a novel intracellular actin scavenging role for DBP in islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Viloria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Terock J, Hannemann A, Van der Auwera S, Janowitz D, Spitzer C, Bonk S, Völzke H, Grabe HJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with reduced vitamin D levels and functional polymorphisms of the vitamin D binding-protein in a population-based sample. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 96:109760. [PMID: 31518608 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low levels of vitamin D were found to be associated with different mental disorders. However, the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of PTSD is unclear. In this study, we aimed at investigating whether PTSD is linked to reduced vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, we sought to investigate the role of the vitamin D-binding protein (also group-specific component or Gc) by testing if two functional polymorphisms (rs4588 and rs7041) were associated with vitamin D levels and PTSD. METHODS Serum levels of total 25(OH)D were measured in a general-population sample of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1). The number of traumatic events and status of PTSD were assessed using the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. Study participants were genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041. Associations of 25(OH)D levels and the genotypes with PTSD were tested in subjects with at least one traumatic event (n = 1653). RESULTS 25(OH)D levels were inversely (OR: 0.96; p = 0.044) and vitamin D deficiency was positively (OR = 2.02; p = 0.028) associated with PTSD. Both polymorphisms of the Gc were associated with 25(OH)D levels and PTSD: Carriers of the CC-genotype of rs4588 showed significantly higher 25(OH)D levels (ß = 0.179, p < 0.001) and lower odds for PTSD (OR = 0.35; p = 0.023) compared to the AA-genotype. Likewise, carriers of the TT-allele of rs7041 showed lower 25(OH)D levels (-0.122; p < 0.001) and increased odds for PTSD (OR = 2.80; p = 0.015) compared to the GG-genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that an altered vitamin D metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Also, genotypes of the Gc and thus Gc serum levels may impact on PTSD development over and above the effects of 25(OH)D. Our findings contribute to explain the associations of PTSD with different mental and physical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Rostocker Chaussee 70, 18437 Stralsund, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten Spitzer
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sarah Bonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Chun RF, Shieh A, Gottlieb C, Yacoubian V, Wang J, Hewison M, Adams JS. Vitamin D Binding Protein and the Biological Activity of Vitamin D. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:718. [PMID: 31708871 PMCID: PMC6821678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has a long-established role in bone health. In the last two decades, there has been a dramatic resurgence in research interest in vitamin D due to studies that have shown its possible benefits for non-skeletal health. Underpinning the renewed interest in vitamin D was the identification of the vital role of intracrine or localized, tissue-specific, conversion of inactive pro-hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. This intracrine mechanism is the likely driving force behind vitamin D action resulting in positive effects on human health. To fully capture the effect of this localized, tissue-specific conversion to 1,25(OH)2D, adequate 25(OH)D would be required. As such, low serum concentrations of 25(OH)D would compromise intracrine generation of 1,25(OH)2D within target tissues. Consistent with this is the observation that all adverse human health consequences of vitamin D deficiency are associated with a low serum 25(OH)D level and not with low 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. Thus, clinical investigators have sought to define what concentration of serum 25(OH)D constitutes adequate vitamin D status. However, since 25(OH)D is transported in serum bound primarily to vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and secondarily to albumin, is the total 25(OH)D (bound plus free) or the unbound free 25(OH)D the crucial determinant of the non-classical actions of vitamin D? While DBP-bound-25(OH)D is important for renal handling of 25(OH)D and endocrine synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D, how does DBP impact extra-renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D and subsequent 1,25(OH)2D actions? Are their pathophysiological contexts where total 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D would diverge in value as a marker of vitamin D status? This review aims to introduce and discuss the concept of free 25(OH)D, the molecular biology and biochemistry of vitamin D and DBP that provides the context for free 25(OH)D, and surveys in vitro, animal, and human studies taking free 25(OH)D into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene F. Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rene F. Chun
| | - Albert Shieh
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carter Gottlieb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vahe Yacoubian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Bikle DD, Schwartz J. Vitamin D Binding Protein, Total and Free Vitamin D Levels in Different Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:317. [PMID: 31191450 PMCID: PMC6546814 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the biologic importance of the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) with emphasis on its regulation of total and free vitamin D metabolite levels in various clinical conditions. Nearly all DBP is produced in the liver, where its regulation is influenced by estrogen, glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines but not by vitamin D itself. DBP is the most polymorphic protein known, and different DBP alleles can have substantial impact on its biologic functions. The three most common alleles-Gc1f, Gc1s, Gc2-differ in their affinity with the vitamin D metabolites and have been variably associated with a number of clinical conditions. Although DBP has a number of biologic functions independent of vitamin D, its major biologic function is that of regulating circulating free and total levels of vitamin D metabolites. 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best studied form of vitamin D as it provides the best measure of vitamin D status. In a normal non-pregnant individual, approximately 0.03% of 25(OH)D is free; 85% is bound to DBP, 15% is bound to albumin. The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only free 25(OH)D can enter cells. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that mice lacking DBP, and therefore with essentially undetectable 25(OH)D levels, do not show signs of vitamin D deficiency unless put on a vitamin D deficient diet. Similar observations have recently been described in a family with a DBP mutation. This hypothesis also applies to other protein bound lipophilic hormones including glucocorticoids, sex steroids, and thyroid hormone. However, tissues expressing the megalin/cubilin complex, such as the kidney, have the capability of taking up 25(OH)D still bound to DBP, but most tissues rely on the free level. Attempts to calculate the free level using affinity constants generated in a normal individual along with measurement of DBP and total 25(OH)D have not accurately reflected directly measured free levels in a number of clinical conditions. In this review, we examine the impact of different clinical conditions as well as different DBP alleles on the relationship between total and free 25(OH)D, using only data in which the free 25(OH)D level was directly measured. The major conclusion is that a number of clinical conditions alter this relationship, raising the question whether measuring just total 25(OH)D might be misleading regarding the assessment of vitamin D status, and such assessment might be improved by measuring free 25(OH)D instead of or in addition to total 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David Bikle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel David Bikle
| | - Janice Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Abstract
Genetic, dietary, and inflammatory factors contribute to the etiology of major mood disorders (MMD), thus impeding the identification of specific biomarkers to assist in diagnosis and treatment. We tested association of vitamin D and inflammatory markers in 36 adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) forms of MMD and without MMD (non-mood control). We also assessed the overall level of inflammation using a cell-based reporter assay for nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) activation and measuring antibodies to oxidized LDL. We found that these factors were similar between non-mood and MMD youth. To identify potential biomarkers, we developed a screening immunoprecipitation-sequencing approach based on inflammatory brain glia maturation factor beta (GMFβ). We discovered that a homolog of GMFβ in human plasma is vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and validated this finding using immunoprecipitation with anti-DBP antibodies and mass spectrometry/sequencing analysis. We quantified DBP levels in participants by western blot. DBP levels in BD participants were significantly higher (136%) than in participants without MMD (100%). The increase in DBP levels in MDD participants (121.1%) was not statistically different from these groups. The DBP responds early to cellular damage by binding of structural proteins and activating inflammatory cells. A product of enzymatic cleavage of DBP has been described as macrophage-activating factor. Circulating DBP is comprised of heterogenous high and low molecular fractions that are only partially recognized by mono- and polyclonal ELISA and are not suitable for the quantitative comparison of DBP in non-mood and MDD participants. Our data suggest DBP as a marker candidate of BD warranting its validation in a larger cohort of adolescent and adult MMD patients.
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Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Behind the scenes of vitamin D binding protein: more than vitamin D binding. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:773-86. [PMID: 26522461 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although being discovered in 1959, the number of published papers in recent years reveals that vitamin D binding protein (DBP), a member of the albuminoid superfamily, is a hot research topic. Besides the three major phenotypes (DBP1F, DBP1S and DBP2), more than 120 unique variants have been described of this polymorphic protein. The presence of DBP has been demonstrated in different body fluids (serum, urine, breast milk, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and seminal fluid) and organs (brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, placenta, spleen, testes and uterus). Although the major function is binding, solubilization and transport of vitamin D and its metabolites, the name of this glycoprotein hides numerous other important biological functions. In this review, we will focus on the analytical aspects of the determination of DBP and discuss in detail the multifunctional capacity [actin scavenging, binding of fatty acids, chemotaxis, binding of endotoxins, influence on T cell response and influence of vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) on bone metabolism and cancer] of this abundant plasma protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Sonne C, Kirkegaard M, Jakobsen J, Jenssen BM, Letcher RJ, Dietz R. Altered vitamin D status in liver tissue and blood plasma from Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) dietary exposed to organohalogen contaminated minke whale (Balaenoptera acuterostrata) blubber. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:403-408. [PMID: 24725758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study compared vitamin D3 (vitD3) and 25-OH vitamin D3 (25OHD3) status in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) given either minke whale (Balaenoptera acuterostrata) blubber high in organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) or clean porcine (Suis scrofa) fat for up to 636 days. A group of six exposed and six control sister bitches (maternal generation) and their three exposed and four control pups, respectively, were daily fed 112g whale blubber (193µg ∑PCB/day) or porcine fat (0.17µg ∑PCB/day). Mean level of ∑PCB in adipose tissue of exposed bitches and their pups was 3106 and 2670ng/g lw, respectively, which was significantly higher than the mean concentration of 53ng/g lw for all controls (p<0.001). The vitamin analyses showed that 25OHD3 in liver of maternal exposed bitches were significantly lower than in controls (p=0.004) while vitD3 was significantly highest in liver of exposed pups (p<0.003). Regarding blood plasma concentrations, exposed F generation pups had significantly higher concentrations of 25OHD3 than controls (p=0.009). Correlation analyses showed that blood 25OHD3 decreased significantly with increased adipose tissue concentrations of ∑PCB in exposed dogs (R(2)=0.64, p=0.005) and a similar trend was found for liver 25OHD3 (R(2)=0.32, p=0.08). The results indicate that the homeostasis and metabolism of vitamin D compounds may respond differently to the dietary composition of fatty acids and OHC exposure. It is unknown if the lower level of 25OHD3 in the liver of exposed dogs would have any negative effects on immunity and reproduction and more focus should be conducted on this compound in Arctic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Maja Kirkegaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Roskilde, Denmark
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, van Geel N, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:1-57. [PMID: 24783350 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including sequestration of actin, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, binding of fatty acids, and control of bone development. A considerable DBP polymorphism has been described with a specific allele distribution in different geographic area. Multiple studies have shed light on the interesting relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene and the susceptibility to diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the multifunctional character of DBP and describe the clinical importance of DBP and its polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to use DBP as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Gillard L, Stévenin A, Schmitz-Afonso I, Vauzeilles B, Boyer FD, Beau JM. Synthesis of the Fungal Lipo-Chitooligosaccharide Myc-IV (C16:0, S), Symbiotic Signal of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chun RF. New perspectives on the vitamin D binding protein. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:445-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene F. Chun
- UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Los Angeles; California; USA
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