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Patel P, Shah D, Bambharoliya T, Patel V, Patel M, Patel D, Bhavsar V, Padhiyar S, Patel B, Mahavar A, Patel R, Patel A. A Review on the Development of Novel Heterocycles as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Med Chem 2024; 20:503-536. [PMID: 38275074 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064264591231031065639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the most effective therapeutic decencies in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme, which is present at the brush border of the intestine and plays an important role in carbohydrate digestion to form mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Acarbose, Voglibose, Miglitol, and Erniglitate have been well-known α-glucosidase inhibitors in science since 1990. However, the long synthetic route and side effects of these inhibitors forced the researchers to move their focus to innovate simple and small heterocyclic scaffolds that work as excellent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Moreover, they are also effective against the postprandial hyperglycemic condition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In this aspect, this review summarizes recent progress in the discovery and development of heterocyclic molecules that have been appraised to show outstanding inhibition of α-glucosidase to yield positive effects against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prexa Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Drashti Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Vidhi Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharti Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Anjali Mahavar
- Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Application, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhisiddhi Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, India
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2
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Homoud ZA, Taha M, Rahim F, Iqbal N, Nawaz M, Farooq RK, Wadood A, Alomari M, Islam I, Algheribe S, Rehman AU, Khan KM, Uddin N. Synthesis of indole derivatives as Alzheimer inhibitors and their molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9865-9878. [PMID: 36404604 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase prevails in the healthy brain, with butyrylcholinesterase reflected to play a minor role in regulating brain acetylcholine (ACh) levels. However, BuChE activity gradually increases in patients with (AD), while AChE activity remains unaffected or decays. Both enzymes therefore represent legitimate therapeutic targets for ameliorating the cholinergic deficit considered to be responsible for the declines in cognitive, behavioural, and global functioning characteristic of AD. Current study described the synthesis of indole-based sulfonamide derivatives (1-23) and their biological activity. Synthesis of these scaffolds were achieved by mixing chloro-substituted indole bearing amine group with various substituted benzene sulfonyl chloride in pyridine, under refluxed condition to obtained desired products. All products were then evaluated for AchE and BuchE inhibitory potential compare with positive Donepezil as standard drug for both AchE and BchE having IC50 = 0.016 ± 0.12 and 0.30 ± 0.010 μM respectively. In this regard analog 9 was found potent having IC50 value 0.15 ± 0.050 μM and 0.20 ± 0.10 for both AchE and BuChE respectively. All other derivatives also found with better potential. All compounds were characterized by various techniques such as 1H, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. In addition, biological activity was maintained to explore the bioactive nature of scaffolds and their protein-ligand interaction (PLI) was checked through molecular docking study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdulkarim Homoud
- Mawhiba Research Enrichment Program-2021, King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Munther Alomari
- Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Imadul Islam
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Algheribe
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Solangi M, Khan KM, Ji X, Özil M, Baltaş N, Salar U, Khan A, Haq ZU, Meghwar H, Taha M. Indole-pyridine carbonitriles: multicomponent reaction synthesis and bio-evaluation as potential hits against diabetes mellitus. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1943-1965. [PMID: 37929570 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant health disorder; therefore, researchers should focus on discovering new drug candidates. Methods: A series of indole-pyridine carbonitrile derivatives, 1-34, were synthesized through a one-pot multicomponent reaction and evaluated for antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. Results: In this library, 12 derivatives - 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10-12, 14, 15 and 31 - exhibited potent inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, in comparison to acarbose (IC50 = 14.50 ± 0.11 μM). Furthermore, kinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity and molecular docking studies were used to interpret the type of inhibition, binding energies and interactions of ligands with target enzymes. Conclusion: These results indicate that the compounds may be promising hits for controlling diabetes mellitus and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Solangi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Alamgir Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Herchand Meghwar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Khan I, Rehman W, Rahim F, Hussain R, Khan S, Rasheed L, Alanazi MM, Alanazi AS, Abdellattif MH. Synthesis and In Vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Dual Inhibitory Activities of 1,2,4-Triazole-Bearing bis-Hydrazone Derivatives and Their Molecular Docking Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22508-22522. [PMID: 37396210 PMCID: PMC10308562 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus throughout the world, and new compounds are necessary to combat this. The currently available antidiabetic therapies are long-term complicated and side effect-prone, and this has led to a demand for more affordable and more effective methods of tackling diabetes. Research is focused on finding alternative medicinal remedies with significant antidiabetic efficacy as well as low adverse effects. In this research work, we have focused our efforts to synthesize a series of 1,2,4-triazole-based bis-hydrazones and evaluated their antidiabetic properties. In addition, the precise structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed with the help of various spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HREI-MS. To find the antidiabetic potentials of the synthesized compounds, in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were characterized using acarbose as the reference standard. From structure-activity (SAR) analysis, it was confirmed that any variation found in inhibitory activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was due to the different substitution patterns of the substituent(s) at variable positions of both aryl rings A and B. The results of the antidiabetic assay were very encouraging and showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging from 0.70 ± 0.05 to 35.70 ± 0.80 μM (α-amylase) and 1.10 ± 0.05 to 30.40 ± 0.70 μM (α-glucosidase). The obtained results were compared to those of the standard acarbose drug (IC50 = 10.30 ± 0.20 μM for α-amylase and IC50 = 9.80 ± 0.20 μM for α-glucosidase). Specifically, compounds 17, 15, and 16 were found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 0.70 ± 0.05, 1.80 ± 0.10, and 2.10 ± 0.10 μM against α-amylase and 1.10 ± 0.05, 1.50 ± 0.05, and 1.70 ± 0.10 μM against α-glucosidase, respectively. These findings reveal that triazole-containing bis-hydrazones act as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, which help develop novel therapeutics for treating type-II diabetes mellitus and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery as potential antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taif
University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Mushtaq A, Azam U, Mehreen S, Naseer MM. Synthetic α-glucosidase inhibitors as promising anti-diabetic agents: Recent developments and future challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115119. [PMID: 36680985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest challenges for the scientific community in the 21st century. It is a well-recognized multifactorial health problem contributes significantly to high mortality rates by causing serious health complications mainly related to cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and neuropathy. The inhibition of α-glucosidase (enzyme that catalyses starch hydrolysis in the intestine) is an effective therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes. However, the presently approved drugs/inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose have several undesirable gastrointestinal side effects impeding their applications. Therefore, search for novel and more effective inhibitors with reduced side effects and less cost remains a fascinating area of research. In this context, a large variety of α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified in recent years that demands attention from drug development community. This review is therefore an effort to summarize and highlight the promising α-glucosidase inhibitors especially those which are primarily based on aromatic heterocyclic scaffolds such as coumarin, imidazole, isatin, pyrimidine, quinazoline, triazine, thiazole etc, having improved safety and pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Mehreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Acar Çevik U, Celik I, Paşayeva L, Fatullayev H, Bostancı HE, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. New benzimidazole-oxadiazole derivatives: Synthesis, α-glucosidase, α-amylase activity, and molecular modeling studies as potential antidiabetic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200663. [PMID: 36760015 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5a-z) were synthesized and characterized with different spectroscopic techniques such as 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. The synthesized analogs were examined against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes to determine their antidiabetic potential. Compounds 5g and 5q showed the most activity with 35.04 ± 1.28 and 47.60 ± 2.16 µg/mL when compared with the reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 54.63 ± 1.95 µg/mL). Compounds 5g, 5o, 5s, and 5x were screened against the α-amylase enzyme and were found to show excellent potential, with IC50 values ranging from 22.39 ± 1.40 to 32.07 ± 1.55 µg/mL, when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 46.21 ± 1.49 µg/mL). The antioxidant activities of the effective compounds (5o, 5g, 5s, 5x, and 5q) were evaluated by TAS methods. A molecular docking research study was conducted to identify the active site and explain the functions of the active chemicals. To investigate the most likely binding mode of the substances 5g, 5o, 5q, 5s, and 5x, a molecular dynamics simulation was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leyla Paşayeva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hanifa Fatullayev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hayrani E Bostancı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer A Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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7
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Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of hybrid 4-quinolinyl bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine as a new inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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8
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Taha M, Salahuddin M, Rahim F, Imran S, Hussain S, Uddin N, Khan KM. New Quinoline Analogues: As Potential Diabetics Inhibitors and Molecular Docking Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2169471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi Mara Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Synthesis, DFT Studies, Molecular Docking and Biological Activity Evaluation of Thiazole-Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potent Alzheimer's Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020559. [PMID: 36677616 PMCID: PMC9860845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a major public brain condition that has resulted in many deaths, as revealed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Conventional Alzheimer's treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy are not very effective and are usually associated with several adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new therapeutic approach that completely treats Alzheimer's disease without many side effects. In this research project, we report the synthesis and biological activities of some new thiazole-bearing sulfonamide analogs (1-21) as potent anti-Alzheimer's agents. Suitable characterization techniques were employed, and the density functional theory (DFT) computational approach, as well as in-silico molecular modeling, has been employed to assess the electronic properties and anti-Alzheimer's potency of the analogs. All analogs exhibited a varied degree of inhibitory potential, but analog 1 was found to have excellent potency (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.05 µM for AChE) and (IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.050 µM for BuChE) as compared to the reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 µM and 4.5 ± 0.11 µM). The structure-activity relationship was established, and it mainly depends upon the nature, position, number, and electron-donating/-withdrawing effects of the substituent/s on the phenyl rings.
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Hu CM, Zheng YY, Lin AT, Zhang X, Wu XZ, Lin J, Xu XT, Xiong Z. Design, synthesis and evaluation of indole-based bisacylhydrazone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of benzimidazole derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors and anti-diabetes candidates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Ullah H, Zada H, Khan F, Hayat S, Rahim F, Hussain A, Manzoor A, Wadood A, Ayub K, Rehman AU, Sarfaraz S. Benzimidazole bearing thiourea analogues: Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential and their molecular docking study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Hussain R, Ullah H, Rahim F, Sarfraz M, Taha M, Iqbal R, Rehman W, Khan S, Shah SAA, Hyder S, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Abdulaziz O, Abdelaziz MA. Multipotent Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Synthesis, Biological Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Benzimidazole-Based Thiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:6087. [PMID: 36144820 PMCID: PMC9504419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four analogues of benzimidazole-based thiazoles (1-24) were synthesized and assessed for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory potential. All analogues were found to exhibit good inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes, having IC50 values in the ranges of 0.10 ± 0.05 to 11.10 ± 0.30 µM (for AChE) and 0.20 ± 0.050 µM to 14.20 ± 0.10 µM (for BuChE) as compared to the standard drug Donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 and 4.5 ± 0.11 µM, respectively). Among the series, analogues 16 and 21 were found to be the most potent inhibitors of AChE and BuChE enzymes. The number (s), types, electron-donating or -withdrawing effects and position of the substituent(s) on the both phenyl rings B & C were the primary determinants of the structure-activity relationship (SAR). In order to understand how the most active derivatives interact with the amino acids in the active site of the enzyme, molecular docking studies were conducted. The results obtained supported the experimental data. Additionally, the structures of all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by using several spectroscopic methods like 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and HR EIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Toba Tek Singh, Punjab 36050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Khan S, Ullah H, Rahim F, Nawaz M, Hussain R, Rasheed L. Synthesis, in vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase activities and molecular docking study of new benzimidazole bearing thiazolidinone derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Synthesis, activity and in silico studies of novel bisindolylmethanes from xylochemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as antidiabetic agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Ullah H, Uddin I, Rahim F, Khan F, Sobia, Taha M, Khan MU, Hayat S, Ullah M, Gul Z, Ullah S, Zada H, Hussain J. In vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory potential and molecular docking studies of benzohydrazide based imines and thiazolidine-4-one derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Bakherad Z, Bakherad H, Sepehri S, Faramarzi MA, Mahnam K, Mojtabavi S, Mahdavi M. In silico and in vitro studies of thiosemicarbazone-indole hybrid compounds as potent α-glycosidase inhibitors. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 97:107642. [PMID: 35183819 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Jaffery SMF, Khan MA, Ullah S, Atia‐tul‐Wahab, Choudhary MI, Basha FZ. Synthesis of New Valinol‐Derived Sultam Triazoles as
α
‐Glucosidase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Mehak Fatima Jaffery
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Maria Aqeel Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology (TWC) H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Atia‐tul‐Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD) International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi-75270 Karachi Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD) International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi-75270 Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zehra Basha
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
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20
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Zheng PF, Xiong Z, Liao CY, Zhang X, Feng M, Wu XZ, Lin J, Lei LS, Zhang YC, Wang SH, Xu XT. In vitro and in silico studies of bis (indol-3-yl) methane derivatives as potential α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1938-1951. [PMID: 34459690 PMCID: PMC8409970 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1971976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, bis (indol-3-yl) methanes (BIMs) were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. All synthesised compounds showed potential α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Compounds 5 g (IC50: 7.54 ± 1.10 μM), 5e (IC50: 9.00 ± 0.97 μM), and 5 h (IC50: 9.57 ± 0.62 μM) presented strongest inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, that were ∼ 30 times stronger than acarbose. Compounds 5 g (IC50: 32.18 ± 1.66 µM), 5 h (IC50: 31.47 ± 1.42 µM), and 5 s (IC50: 30.91 ± 0.86 µM) showed strongest inhibitory activities towards α-amylase, ∼ 2.5 times stronger than acarbose. The mechanisms and docking simulation of the compounds were also studied. Compounds 5 g and 5 h exhibited bifunctional inhibitory activity against these two enzymes. Furthermore, compounds showed no toxicity against 3T3-L1 cells and HepG2 cells.Highlights A series of bis (indol-3-yl) methanes (BIMs) were synthesised and evaluated inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Compound 5g exhibited promising activity (IC50 = 7.54 ± 1.10 μM) against α-glucosidase. Compound 5s exhibited promising activity (IC50 = 30.91 ± 0.86 μM) against α-amylase. In silico studies were performed to confirm the binding interactions of synthetic compounds with the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zheng
- Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Cui-Ying Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Mei Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Lin-Sheng Lei
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | | | - Shao-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, PR China
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21
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Zhu Y, Zhao J, Luo L, Gao Y, Bao H, Li P, Zhang H. Research progress of indole compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113665. [PMID: 34192642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New types of antidiabetic agents are continually needed with diabetes becoming the epidemic in the world. Indole alkaloids play an important role in natural products owing to their variable structures and versatile biological activities like anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, which are a promising source of novel antidiabetic drugs discovery. The synthesized indole derivatives possess similar properties to natural indole alkaloids. In the last two decades, more and more indole derivatives have been designed and synthesized for searching their bioactivities. This present review describes comprehensive structures of indole compounds with the potential antidiabetic activity including natural indole alkaloids and the synthetic indole derivatives based on the structure classification, summarizes their approaches isolated from natural sources or by synthetic methods, and discusses the antidiabetic effects and the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review also provides briefly synthetic procedures of some important indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jinran Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Longbiao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - He Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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22
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Synthesis of novel 5-(2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives as potential glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105046. [PMID: 34126575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hybrid molecule of different biologically active substances can improve affinity and efficiency compared to a standard drug. Hence based on this fact, we predict that a combination of fluorine, oxadiazole, sulfur, etc., may enhance α-glucosidase inhibition activity compared to a standard drug. METHODS A series of novel 5-(2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives (2a-2i) were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR and LC-MS. In order to evaluate its bioactivity, in vitro α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity were performed. In vivo study was carried using a genetic model, Drosophila melanogaster, for assessing the antihyperglycemic effects. RESULTS The compounds 2a-2i demonstrated α-amylase inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 = 40.00-80.00 μg/ml as compare to standard acarbose (IC50 = 34.71 μg/ml). Compounds 2a-2i demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 = 46.01-81.65 μg/ml as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 34.72 μg/ml). Docking studies on a target protein, N-terminal subunit of human Maltase-glucoamylase (PDB:2QMJ) was carried and the compounds were found to dock into the active site of the enzyme (Fig. 1). The predicted binding energies of the compounds were calculated. The in vitro studies indicate that compounds 2b and 2g had better activity among the synthesized compounds. Whereas in vivo study indicates that 2b, 2g, and 2i could lower glucose levels in the Drosophila, but then 17-30% reduced capacity than acarbose and may be overcome by adjusting their dosage. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that compounds 2b and 2g had better activity among the synthesized compounds. This study has recognized that compounds like 2b, 2g, and 2i may be considered potential candidates for further developing a novel class of antidiabetic agents.
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23
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Umm-E-Farwa, Ullah S, Khan MA, Zafar H, Atia-Tul-Wahab, Younus M, Choudhary MI, Basha FZ. Dibenzazepine-linked isoxazoles: New and potent class of α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127979. [PMID: 33766763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibition is a valid approach for controlling hyperglycemia in diabetes. In the current study, new molecules as a hybrid of isoxazole and dibenzazepine scaffolds were designed, based on their literature as antidiabetic agents. For this, a series of dibenzazepine-linked isoxazoles (33-54) was prepared using Nitrile oxide-Alkyne cycloaddition (NOAC) reaction, and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities to explore new hits for treatment of diabetes. Most of the compounds showed potent inhibitory potency against α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) enzyme (IC50 = 35.62 ± 1.48 to 333.30 ± 1.67 µM) using acarbose as a reference drug (IC50 = 875.75 ± 2.08 µM). Structure-activity relationship, kinetics and molecular docking studies of active isoxazoles were also determined to study enzyme-inhibitor interactions. Compounds 33, 40, 41, 46, 48-50, and 54 showed binding interactions with critical amino acid residues of α-glucosidase enzyme, such as Lys156, Ser157, Asp242, and Gln353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm-E-Farwa
- Third World Center for Science and Technology (TWC), H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Aqeel Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology (TWC), H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Atia-Tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Munisaa Younus
- Third World Center for Science and Technology (TWC), H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek, Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fatima Z Basha
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan.
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24
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Kanwal, Khan KM, Chigurupati S, Ali F, Younus M, Aldubayan M, Wadood A, Khan H, Taha M, Perveen S. Indole-3-acetamides: As Potential Antihyperglycemic and Antioxidant Agents; Synthesis, In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity, Structure-Activity Relationship, and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2264-2275. [PMID: 33521466 PMCID: PMC7841949 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetamides (1-24) were synthesized via coupling of indole-3-acetic acid with various substituted anilines in the presence of coupling reagent 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole. The structures of synthetic molecules were elucidated through different spectroscopic techniques including electron ionization-mass spectroscopy (EI-MS), 1H-, 13C NMR, and high-resolution EI-MS (HREI-MS). These compounds were screened for their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials. All compounds displayed good to moderate inhibition against α-amylase enzyme with IC50 values ranging between 1.09 ± 0.11 and 2.84 ± 0.1 μM compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 0.92 ± 0.4 μM). Compound 15 (IC50 = 1.09 ± 0.11 μM) was the most active compound of the series and exhibited good inhibition against α-amylase; in addition, this compound also exhibited good antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.1 and 0.81 ± 0.25 μM in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, respectively. The binding interactions of synthetic molecules with the enzyme's active site were confirmed via in silico studies. The current study had identified a number of lead molecules as potential antihyperglycemic and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
- Institute
of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations
(IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farman Ali
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Munissa Younus
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department
of Biochemistry, Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, UCSS, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Huma Khan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, UCSS, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations
(IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR
Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
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25
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Wu P, He H, Ma H, Tu B, Li J, Guo S, Chen S, Cao N, Zheng W, Tang X, Li D, Xu X, Zheng X, Sheng Z, David Hong W, Zhang K. Oleanolic acid indole derivatives as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and mechanistic analysis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104580. [PMID: 33418317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts have been directed to the development of oleanolic acid (OA) based α-glucosidase inhibitors and various OA derivatives showed improved anti-α-glucosidase activity. However, the inhibitory effects of indole infused OA derivatives on α-glucosidase is unknown. Herein, we synthesized a series of indole-OA (2a-2o) and -OA methyl ester (3a-3 l) derivatives with various electron withdrawing groups inducted to indole benzene ring and evaluated their anti-α-glucosidase activity. Indole OA derivatives (2a-2o) exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibitory effects as compared to OA methyl ester derivatives (3a-3l) and OA (with IC50 values of 4.02 μM-5.30 μM v.s. over 10 μM and 5.52 µM, respectively). In addition, mechanistic studies using biochemical (kinetic assay), biophysical (circular dichroism), and computational (docking) methods revealed that OA-indole derivatives (2a and 2f) are mixed type of α-glucosidase inhibitors and their inhibitory effects were attributed to their capacity of forming the ligand-enzyme complex with α-glucosidase enzyme. Findings from this study support that OA indole derivatives are promising α-glucosidase inhibitors as a potential management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Hao He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China; Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Borong Tu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Silin Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Nana Cao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China
| | - Zhaojun Sheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China.
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, PR China.
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26
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Sadat-Ebrahimi SE, Babania H, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Asgari MS, Mojtabavi S, Faramarzi MA, Yahya-Meymandi A, Zareie S, Larijani B, Biglar M, Rastgar H, Foroumadi A, Mahdavi M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Indole-Acrylamide-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as Potential α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1854323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Sadat-Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiva Babania
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Zareie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastgar
- Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, MOHE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Solangi M, Kanwal, Mohammed Khan K, Saleem F, Hameed S, Iqbal J, Shafique Z, Qureshi U, Ul-Haq Z, Taha M, Perveen S. Indole acrylonitriles as potential anti-hyperglycemic agents: Synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115605. [PMID: 33065441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the most prevailing metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus has become the global health issue that has to be addressed and cured. Different marketed drugs have been made available for the treatment of diabetes but there is still a need of introducing new therapeutic agents that are economical and have lesser or no side effects. The current study deals with the synthesis of indole acrylonitriles (3-23) and the evaluation of these compounds for their potential for α-glucosidase inhibition. The structures of these synthetic molecules were deduced by using different spectroscopic techniques. Acarbose (IC50 = 2.91 ± 0.02 μM) was used as standard in this study and the synthetic molecules (3-23) have shown promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 4, 8, 10, 11, 14, 18, and 21 displayed superior inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme in the range of (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.01-1.36 ± 0.04 μM) as compared to the standard acarbose. Compound 10 (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.01 μM) was the most effective inhibitor of this library and displayed many folds enhanced activity in contrast to the standard. Molecular docking of synthetic compounds was performed to verify the binding interactions of ligand with the active site of enzyme. This study had identified a number of potential α-glucosidase inhibitors that can be used for further research to identify a potent therapeutic agent against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Solangi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengannu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Shafique
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
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28
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Taha M, Aldhamin EAJ, Almandil NB, Anouar EH, Uddin N, Alomari M, Rahim F, Adalat B, Ibrahim M, Nawaz F, Iqbal N, Alghanem B, Altolayyan A, Khan KM. Synthesis of indole based acetohydrazide analogs: Their in vitro and in silico thymidine phosphorylase studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Ullah H, Rahim F, Taha M, Hussain R, Tabassum N, Wadood A, Nawaz M, Mosaddik A, Imran S, Wahab Z, Miana GA, Kanwal, Khan KM. Aryl-oxadiazole Schiff bases: Synthesis, α-glucosidase in vitro inhibitory activity and their in silico studies. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Hamdani SS, Khan BA, Hameed S, Batool F, Saleem HN, Mughal EU, Saeed M. Synthesis and evaluation of novel S-benzyl- and S-alkylphthalimide- oxadiazole -benzenesulfonamide hybrids as inhibitors of dengue virus protease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103567. [PMID: 32062063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct acting antiviral drugs (DAADs) are becoming therapeutics of choice for the treatment of viral infections. Successful development of anti HIV and HCV drugs by targeting the viral proteases has provided impetus for discovering newer DAADs. Dengue virus (DENV) protease, which is composed of two nonstructural proteins, NS2B and NS3pro, can be likewise exploited for discovering new anti-dengue therapeutics. In this study, we have linked together two pharmaceutically interesting motifs, namely 1,3,4-oxadiazole and benzenesulfonamide in two alternative series to develop novel S-benzylated and S-alkylphthalimidated hybrids. For the first series of hybrids, 4-aminobenzoic acid (1) was reacted with substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides via its amino group, whereas the carboxylic acid side was elaborated to sulfonamido-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols (6a/b) in three steps. At this stage, the intermediates 6a/b were bifurcated to either S-alkylphthalimidated (8a-j) or S-benzylated (9a-c) hybrids by reacting with corresponding halides. For the alternative series of hybrids, the carboxylic acid group of probenecid (10) was similarly elaborated to sulfonamido-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols (13), and diverged to S-alkylphthalimidated (14a-f) and S-benzylated hybrids (15a-e). Bioactivity assays demonstrated that 8g and 8h are the most potent inhibitors among the synthesized analogs, exhibiting the IC50 values of 13.9 μM and 15.1 μM, respectively. Computational assessment predicted the binding of the inhibitors at an allosteric site developed in the open conformation of DENV2 NS2B/NS3pro. Taken together these findings point out that the synthesized hybrid inhibitors possess a great potential for further antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Shamila Hamdani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100 AJK, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100 AJK, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Batool
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Nosheen Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792 Pakistan.
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31
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Dowarah J, Singh VP. Anti-diabetic drugs recent approaches and advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115263. [PMID: 32008883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major diseases worldwide and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Anti-diabetic drugs are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus to control glucose levels in the blood. Most of the drugs are administered orally, except for a few of them, such as insulin, exenatide, and pramlintide. In this review, we are going to discuss seven major types of anti-diabetic drugs: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors. Here, we are also discussing some of the recently reported anti-diabetic agents with its multi-target pharmacological actions. This review summarises recent approaches and advancement in anti-diabetes treatment concerning characteristics, structure-activity relationships, functional mechanisms, expression regulation, and applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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32
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Hannoun MH, Hagras M, Kotb A, El-Attar AAMM, Abulkhair HS. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a novel library of 2-(thiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103364. [PMID: 31668461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the n-butylphenyl moiety in the lipophilic part of the previously reported arylthiazole antibiotics with naphthyl ring amended its activity against vancomycin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Incorporation of the CN linker connecting the nitrogenous head with thiazole within an oxadiazole ring provided orally available analogs with relatively long half-life. In this article, a set of new twenty-three derivatives of 2-(thiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole was synthesized combining both structural modifications in one new scaffold with the objectives of enhancing both the pharmacokinetic profile and antibacterial activities vs. malicious microbes. Among the synthesized new compounds, five derivatives showed promising activity with MIC values ranging from 1.95 to 3.90 μg/mL. The guanidinyl-containing naphthylthiazole and N-methylpiperazinyl derivatives (25 &29) were found equipotent as vancomycin against MRSA (2658 RCMB). The other three derivatives (23, 24 and 26) revealed 50% of vancomycin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hannoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdul-Aziz M M El-Attar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
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33
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Kumar N, Sreenivasa S, Kalal BS, Kumar V, Holla BS, Pai VR, Mohan NR, Govindaiah S. Benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-5-(substituted)-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: Synthesis, Anticancer, Antimicrobial and In Silico Studies. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181220123924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a fatal disease for mankind; continuous research is still going on
for the invention of potent anticancer drugs. In this view, 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles are privileged molecules
which attracted medicinal chemists towards their anticancer properties.
Methods:
A new series of benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives was
synthesized in an efficient ‘one-pot’ nitro reductive cyclization using sodium dithionite as a cyclizing
agent by a conventional method with good yield. All the structures of the synthesized molecules were
characterized by IR, 1H NMR, HRMS and Mass spectral analysis. Anticancer activity screening
against A375 melanoma cancer cell line and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line along with antimicrobial
activity were carried out using agar well diffusion method.
Results:
Compounds 8a and 8j of the series emerged as potent anticancer agents against A375 melanoma
cancer cell line with IC50 47.06 µM and 36.76 µM, respectively. In silico studies also revealed
that compounds 8a and 8j showed highest interaction with 2OH4 protein of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase.
Substantial antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested microorganism were observed
for compounds 8j and 8g.
Conclusion:
Potent anticancer property has been observed with 1,3,4-Oxadiazole linked tetrafluro
substituted benzene ring 8j indicating that future research on these type of molecules can be
continued to improve the anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous), Ujire, Karnataka, India
| | - Swamy Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies and Research in Organic Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vasantha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous), Ujire, Karnataka, India
| | - Bantwal Shivarama Holla
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous), Ujire, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinitha Ramanath Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shivaraj Govindaiah
- Department of Studies and Research in Organic Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
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34
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Synthesis of quinoline derivatives as diabetic II inhibitors and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4081-4088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Dhameja M, Gupta P. Synthetic heterocyclic candidates as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:343-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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36
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Bingul M, Saglam MF, Kandemir H, Boga M, Sengul IF. Synthesis of indole-2-carbohydrazides and 2-(indol-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as antioxidants and their acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Kumari A, Singh RK. Medicinal chemistry of indole derivatives: Current to future therapeutic prospectives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103021. [PMID: 31176854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Indole is a versatile pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold and an outstanding heterocyclic compound with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. It is an superlative moiety in drug discovery with the sole property of resembling different structures of the protein. Plenty of research has been taking place in recent years to synthesize and explore the various therapeutic prospectives of this moiety. This review summarizes some of the recent effective chemical synthesis (2014-2018) for indole ring. This review also emphasized on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores of various indole analogues accountable for anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimalarial, antiviral, antidiabetic and other miscellaneous activities which have been investigated in the last five years. The precise features with motives and framework of each research topic is introduced for helping the medicinal chemists to understand the perspective of the context in a better way. This review will definitely offer the platform for researchers to strategically design diverse novel indole derivatives having different promising pharmacological activities with reduced toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Dist. Hoshiarpur, 146104 Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126 Punjab, India.
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38
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Tang H, Ma F, Zhao D, Xue Z. Exploring the effect of salvianolic acid C on α-glucosidase: Inhibition kinetics, interaction mechanism and molecular modelling methods. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Nazir M, Abbasi MA, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Khan KM, Kanwal, Salar U, Shahid M, Ashraf M, Arif Lodhi M, Ali Khan F. New indole based hybrid oxadiazole scaffolds with N-substituted acetamides: As potent anti-diabetic agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:253-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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40
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Synthesis of Bis-indolylmethane sulfonohydrazides derivatives as potent α-Glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Bajaj S, Roy PP, Singh J. Synthesis, thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory and computational study of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:151-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Taha M, Baharudin MS, Ismail NH, Imran S, Khan MN, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Chigurupati S, Nawaz M, Qureshi F, Vijayabalan S. Synthesis, α-amylase inhibitory potential and molecular docking study of indole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:36-42. [PMID: 29864686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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43
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3-Benzyl(phenethyl)-2-thioxobenzo[g]quinazolines as a new class of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: synthesis and molecular docking study. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1889-1905. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Using a simple modification on a previously reported synthetic route, 3-benzyl(phenethyl)-2-thioxobenzo[g]quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (1 and 2) were synthesized with high yields. Further transformation of 1 and 2 produced derivatives 3-26, which were structurally characterized based on NMR and MS data, and their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was evaluated using Baker's yeast α-glucosidase enzyme. Results: Compounds 2, 4, 8, 12 and 20 exhibited the highest activity (IC50 = 69.20, 59.60, 49.40, 50.20 and 83.20 μM, respectively) compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 143.54 μM). Conclusion: A new class of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors was identified, and the molecular docking predicted plausible binding interaction of the targets in the binding pocket of α-glucosidase and rationalized the structure–activity relationship (SARs) of the target compounds.
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44
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Danne AB, Choudhari AS, Chakraborty S, Sarkar D, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Triazole-diindolylmethane conjugates as new antitubercular agents: synthesis, bioevaluation, and molecular docking. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1114-1130. [PMID: 30108999 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of novel triazole-incorporated diindolylmethanes (DIMs) using a molecular hybridization approach. The in vitro antitubercular activity of the DIMs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) was tested in the active and dormant state. Among all the synthesized conjugates, the compounds 6b, 6f, 6l, 6n, 6q, 6r, and 6s displayed good antitubercular activity against both the active and dormant Mtb H37Ra strain. The compound 6l exhibited good antitubercular activity against dormant Mtb H37Ra with an IC50 value of 1 μg mL-1 and IC90 (MIC) value of 3 μg mL-1. The compounds 6b, 6l, and 6r displayed good antitubercular activity against active Mtb H37Ra with IC50 values of 2.19, 1.52, and 0.22 μg mL-1, respectively. The compounds 6b, 6h, 6l, and 6s displayed more than 70% inhibition against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilus strain at 3 μg mL-1. The molecular docking study showed the binding modes of the titled compounds in the active site of the DprE1 enzyme and assisted with elucidating a structural basis for the inhibition of Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashruba B Danne
- Department of Chemistry , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad 431 004 , India . ; ; Tel: +(91) 240 2403312
| | - Amit S Choudhari
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center , Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 , India
| | - Shakti Chakraborty
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center , Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 , India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center , Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 , India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy , Dhule , Maharashtra 424 001 , India
| | - Bapurao B Shingate
- Department of Chemistry , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad 431 004 , India . ; ; Tel: +(91) 240 2403312
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45
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Kasturi SP, Surarapu S, Uppalanchi S, Dwivedi S, Yogeeswari P, Sigalapalli DK, Bathini NB, Ethiraj KS, Anireddy JS. Synthesis, molecular modeling and evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 3,4-dihydroxy piperidines. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Tang H, Zhao D, Xue Z. Exploring the interaction between Salvia miltiorrhiza and α-glucosidase: insights from computational analysis and experimental studies. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24701-24710. [PMID: 35542142 PMCID: PMC9082424 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase has emerged as an important target for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. The interaction between the chemicals of S. miltiorrhiza and α-glucosidase are still not clear, and need to be deeply investigated. Herein, an integrated approach consisting of computational analysis and experimental studies was employed to illustrate the interactions between S. miltiorrhiza and α-glucosidase. Molecular docking simulations were performed to reveal the proposed binding characteristics of the chemicals identified in S. miltiorrhiza on the basis of the total docking scores and key molecular determinants for binding. The affinities of 13 representative compounds from the medicinal herb to α-glucosidase were predicted and then confirmed by enzyme inhibitory assay in vitro. The obtained results suggested that two compounds including salvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid A in S. miltiorrhiza showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 4.31 and 19.29 μM, respectively. The active inhibitor, salvianolic acid C, exerted a mixed-competitive inhibition mode when binding to α-glucosidase. Such findings could be helpful to efficiently discover bioactive molecules from complex natural products, which suggests the usefulness of the integrated approach for this scenario. An integrated approach was used to explore the interaction between Salvia miltiorrhiza and α-glucosidase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Tang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenglian Xue
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- P. R. China
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Taha M, Ullah H, Al Muqarrabun LMR, Khan MN, Rahim F, Ahmat N, Javid MT, Ali M, Khan KM. Bisindolylmethane thiosemicarbazides as potential inhibitors of urease: Synthesis and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Recent advance in oxazole-based medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:444-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Luthra T, Agarwal R, Estari M, Adepally U, Sen S. A novel library of -arylketones as potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase: Their design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13246. [PMID: 29038580 PMCID: PMC5643545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
α-glucosidase is an essential enzyme located at the brush border of intestines. It is an important therapeutic target for type II diabetes. Herein we have designed a library of novel α-arylketones as inhibitors of α-glucosidase (yeast origin) via scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known inhibitors of α-glucosidase. The design was validated through molecular docking that revealed strong binding interactions of the newly designed compounds against α-glucosidase. A library comprising of 15 compounds was synthesized in a combinatorial fashion, where the advanced amide intermediates were accessed through “shot gun” synthesis. The final compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C-NMR and with high resolution mass spectroscopy. In vitro screening of the compounds against yeast α-glucosidase revealed substantial inhibition with IC50s in the range of 4–10 μM (the standard drug acarbose inhibits α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 9.95 μM). Reaction kinetics suggested mixed type inhibition. Finally, in vivo studies of the most active compound 3c against Streptozotocin induced male albino Wistar rats revealed that its administration in the rats for about 4 weeks lead to a highly significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Moreover, lower dose of 3c had better control over FBG in contrast to high-dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Luthra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, GautamBudh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, GautamBudh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Mamidala Estari
- Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telengana, India
| | - Uma Adepally
- Institute of Science and Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, GautamBudh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India.
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