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Wu C, Jiang Q, Zhong H, Zhou X, Liu L, Pan T, Liu C, Wang W, Sheng W. Design, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation of dihydromyricetin derivatives against SARS-CoV-2-Omicron virus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2390909. [PMID: 39206852 PMCID: PMC11363738 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2390909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An oxidising and substituting one-pot reaction strategy has been developed to synthesise dihydromyricetin derivatives with the aim of enhancing the inhibitory activity of dihydromyricetin against SARS-CoV-2. Different ω-methoxy-ω-oxeylkyl was introduced in C7-OH site and yielded eight analogs, all of them showed good inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with IC50 values ranging from 0.72 to 2.36 μM. In the Vero E6-cell, compound 3 has a good activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus (Omicron virus BA.5) in the prevention model, with an EC50 of 15.84 μM, and so do compound 10 in the therapeutic model, with an EC50 of 11.52 μM. The results suggest that the introduction of long chain ω-oxeylkyl at C7-OH facilitate the inhibition of viral replication in the therapeutic model, which is consistent with the binding energies predicted from molecular docking conclusions. It implies that dihydromyricetin derivatives have the potential to become effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leping Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Zhangjiajie Meicha Technology Research Center Hunan Qiankun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhangjiajie, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Seguenka B, do Nascimento LH, Feiden T, Fernandes IA, Magro JD, Junges A, Valduga E, Steffens J. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and concentration of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba sabará (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) peel by nanofiltration membrane. Food Chem 2024; 453:139690. [PMID: 38781903 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Jabuticaba peel, rich in antioxidants, offering health benefits. In this study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba peel using ultrasound-assisted (UA) and their subsequent concentration by nanofiltration (NF) employing a polyamide 200 Da membrane was evaluated. The UA extractions were conducted using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 22 methodology, with independent variables extraction time (11.55 to 138 min) and temperature (16.87 to 53.3 °C), and fixed variables mass to ethanol solution concentration at pH 1.0 (1:25 g/mL), granulometry (1 mm), and ultrasonic power (52.8 W). The maximum concentrations obtained were 700.94 mg CE/100 g for anthocyanins, 945.21 mg QE/100 g for flavonoids, 133.19 mg GAE/g for phenols, and an antioxidant activity IC50 of 24.36 μg/mL. Key phenolic compounds identified included cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and various acids like syringic and gallic. NF successfully concentrated these compounds, enhancing their yield by up to 45%. UA and NF integrate for sustainable extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Seguenka
- Food Engineering Department, URI Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Feiden
- Food Engineering Department, URI Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Environmental Sciences Area, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC 89809-900, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Junges
- Food Engineering Department, URI Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eunice Valduga
- Food Engineering Department, URI Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Steffens
- Food Engineering Department, URI Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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Wang M, Chen R, Wang S, Cui J, Lian D, Li L. Comparative Study of Binding Behaviors of Cyanidin, Cyanidin-3-Galactoside, Peonidin with Tyrosinase. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1747-1760. [PMID: 37603228 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanidin, peonidin and cyanidin-3-galactoside are the common anthocyanins with a variety of biological activities. Tyrosinase is a speed-limiting enzyme associated with melanin production. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity can prevent melanin disease while contributing to whitening. The interaction behaviors of the three anthocyanins against tyrosinase have been discussed in this paper. Cyanidin has strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and then peonidin, cyanidin-3-galactoside. Furthermore, the inhibition of tyrosinase by the three anthocyanins is mixed modes. The three anthocyanins can induce the static fluorescence quenching of tyrosinase. Cyanidin exhibits strongest binding affinity on tyrosinase, and then peonidin, cyanidin-3-galactoside based on Ka values obtain by fluorescence analysis. The binding of all anthocyanin to tyrosinase induce its conformation changes. According to molecular docking and fluorescence studies, they bind to tyrosinase by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. In addition, the optimal modes of the three anthocyanins with tyrosinase are predicated by molecular docking. This work emphasizes that cyanidin, peonidin and cyanidin-3-galactoside may be potential drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Rongda Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
- Zhaoqing Xuanqing Middle School, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Di Lian
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
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Duque-Buitrago LF, Solórzano-Lugo IE, González-Vázquez M, Jiménez-Martínez C, Hernández-Aguirre MA, Osorio-Díaz P, Calderón-Domínguez G, Loera-Castañeda V, Mora-Escobedo R. Health-Related Composition and Bioactivity of an Agave Sap/Prickly Pear Juice Beverage. Molecules 2024; 29:2742. [PMID: 38930808 PMCID: PMC11206587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a beverage made from a combination of Agave sap (AS) and prickly pear juice (PPJ) was analyzed for its nutrients and bioactive and potentially health-promoting compounds. The beverage was evaluated for its ability to act as an antioxidant, regulate glycemic properties, and undergo gut bacterial fermentation in vitro. The major mono- and oligosaccharides present in the beverage were galacturonic acid (217.74 ± 13.46 mg/100 mL), rhamnose (227.00 ± 1.58 mg/100 mL), and fructose (158.16 ± 8.86 mg/mL). The main phenolic compounds identified were protocatechuic acid (440.31 ± 3.06 mg/100 mL) and catechin (359.72 ± 7.56 mg/100 mL). It was observed that the beverage had a low glycemic index (<40) and could inhibit digestive carbohydrases. The combination of ingredients also helped to reduce gas production during AS fermentation from 56.77 cm3 to 15.67 cm3. The major SCFAs produced during fermentation were butyrate, acetate, and propionate, with valerate being produced only during the late fermentation of the AS. This beverage is rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and dietary fiber, which will bring health benefits when consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Fernanda Duque-Buitrago
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (L.F.D.-B.); (C.J.-M.); (G.C.-D.)
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Iraham Enrique Solórzano-Lugo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (L.F.D.-B.); (C.J.-M.); (G.C.-D.)
| | - Marcela González-Vázquez
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Mexico;
| | - Cristian Jiménez-Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (L.F.D.-B.); (C.J.-M.); (G.C.-D.)
| | | | - Perla Osorio-Díaz
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Mexico; (M.A.H.-A.); (P.O.-D.)
| | - Georgina Calderón-Domínguez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (L.F.D.-B.); (C.J.-M.); (G.C.-D.)
| | - Verónica Loera-Castañeda
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Regional Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango 34220, Mexico;
| | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (L.F.D.-B.); (C.J.-M.); (G.C.-D.)
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Oliveira ESC, Pontes FLD, Acho LDR, da Silva BJP, do Rosário AS, Chaves FCM, Campos FR, Bezerra JDA, Lima ES, Machado MB. NMR and multivariate methods: Identification of chemical markers in extracts of pedra-ume-caá and their antiglycation, antioxidant, and enzymatic inhibition activities. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:552-566. [PMID: 38191126 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Brazil, the plant group popularly known as "pedra-ume-caá" is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, and its raw material is commonly sold. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to apply a method for chemical identification of extracts of dry pedra-ume-caá leaves using HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and NMR and develop a multivariate model with NMR data to authenticate commercial samples. In addition, to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dry extracts of Myrcia multiflora, Myrcia amazonica, Myrcia guianensis, Myrcia sylvatica, Eugenia punicifolia leaves, and 15 commercial samples (sold in Manaus and Belém, Brazil) were prepared by infusion. All the extracts were analysed using HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), NMR, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The antidiabetic effect of extracts was evaluated according to enzymatic inhibition. Their content of total phenols, cell viability, and antioxidant and antiglycation activities were also determined. RESULTS HPLC-HRMS and NMR analysis of these extracts permitted the identification of 17 compounds. 1H NMR data combined with multivariate analyses allowed us to conclude that catechin, myricitrin, quercitrin, and gallic and quinic acids are the main chemical markers of pedra-ume-caá species. These markers were identified in 15 commercial samples of pedra-ume-caá. Additionally, only the extracts of M. multiflora and E. punicifolia inhibited α-glucosidase. All the extracts inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and showed free-radical-scavenging activity. These extracts did not present cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION This study revealed the chemical markers of matrices, and it was possible to differentiate the materials marketed as pedra-ume-caá. Moreover, this study corroborates the potential of these species for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilze S C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Flávia L D Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Janaína P da Silva
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Célio M Chaves
- Unidade Amazônia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-EMBRAPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Francinete R Campos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de A Bezerra
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Ambiente e Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Chepeleva LV, Demidov OO, Snizhko AD, Tarasenko DO, Chumak AY, Kolomoitsev OO, Kotliar VM, Gladkov ES, Kyrychenko A, Roshal AD. Binding interactions of hydrophobically-modified flavonols with β-glucosidase: fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modelling study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34107-34121. [PMID: 38020002 PMCID: PMC10661682 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavonoids are capable of inhibiting glucosidase activity, so they can be used for treating diabetes mellitus and hypertension. However, molecular-level details of their interactions with glucosidase enzymes remain poorly understood. This paper describes the synthesis and spectral characterization of a series of fluorescent flavonols and their interaction with the β-glucosidase enzyme. To tune flavonol-enzyme interaction modes and affinity, we introduced different polar halogen-containing groups or bulky aromatic/alkyl substituents in the peripheral 2-aryl ring of a flavonol moiety. Using fluorescence spectroscopy methods in combination with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the binding affinity and identified probe binding patterns, which are critical for steric blockage of the key catalytic residues of the enzyme. Using a fluorescent assay, we demonstrated that the binding of flavonol 2e to β-glucosidase decreased its enzymatic activity up to 3.5 times. In addition, our molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the probe binding is driven by hydrophobic interactions with aromatic Trp and Tyr residues within the catalytic glycone binding pockets of β-glucosidase. Our study provides a new insight into structure-property relations for flavonol-protein interactions, which govern their enzyme binding, and outlines a framework for a rational design of new flavonol-based potent inhibitors for β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmyla V Chepeleva
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Oleksii O Demidov
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Arsenii D Snizhko
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O Tarasenko
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Andrii Y Chumak
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Oleksii O Kolomoitsev
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr M Kotliar
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
| | - Eugene S Gladkov
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
- State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 60 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv 61072 Ukraine
| | - Alexander Kyrychenko
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
- State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 60 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv 61072 Ukraine
| | - Alexander D Roshal
- Institute of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv 61022 Ukraine
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Sanneur K, Leksawasdi N, Sumonsiri N, Techapun C, Taesuwan S, Nunta R, Khemacheewakul J. Inhibitory Effects of Saponin-Rich Extracts from Pouteria cambodiana against Digestive Enzymes α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase. Foods 2023; 12:3738. [PMID: 37893631 PMCID: PMC10606392 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pouteria cambodiana is a perennial plant that has a wide distribution in tropical regions. It is commonly referred to as 'Nom-nang' in the northern region of Thailand. The bark of this plant has been used for the purpose of promoting lactation among breastfeeding mothers. Moreover, P. cambodiana bark has a high nutraceutical potential due to the presence of saponins, which are secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of saponins from the bark of P. cambodiana and to assess the in vitro inhibitory activities of saponin-rich extracts. The most effective extraction conditions involved a temperature of 50 °C and a 50% concentration level of ethanol as the solvent, which allowed the extraction of saponin at a concentration of 36.04 mg/g. Saponin-rich extracts and their hydrolysates from P. cambodiana bark were evaluated for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The IC50 values for saponin- and sapogenin-rich extracts inhibiting α-glucosidase were 0.10 and 2.98 mg/mL, respectively. Non-hydrolysed extracts also had a stronger inhibitory effect than acarbose. In the case of pancreatic lipase, only the hydrolysed extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase (IC50 of 7.60 mg/mL). Thus, P. cambodiana bark may be an applicable natural resource for preparing ingredients for functional products with inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The phenolic contents, saponin contents, and antioxidant activities of the dried extract stored at a low temperature of 25 °C for 2 months showed the best stability, with more than 90% retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawisara Sanneur
- Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nutsuda Sumonsiri
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
| | - Charin Techapun
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
| | - Siraphat Taesuwan
- Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Rojarej Nunta
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang 52100, Thailand
| | - Julaluk Khemacheewakul
- Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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8
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Nyathi B, Bvunzawabaya JT, Venissa P Mudawarima C, Manzombe E, Tsotsoro K, Selemani MA, Munyuki G, Rwere F. Inhibitory and in silico molecular docking of Xeroderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Mendonca & E.P. Sousa phytochemical compounds on human α-glucosidases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116501. [PMID: 37100261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal traditional medicine is used by millions of people in Africa for treatment of ailments such as diabetes mellitus, stomach disorders and respiratory diseases. Xeroderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Mendonca & E.P. Sousa (X. stuhlmannii (Taub.)) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Zimbabwe to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its inhibitory effect against digestive enzymes (α-glucosidases) that are linked to high blood sugar in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to investigate whether bioactive phytochemicals of crude X. stuhlmannii (Taub.) can scavenge free radicals and inhibit α-glucosidases in order to reduce blood sugar in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we examined the free radical scavenging potential of crude aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of X. stuhlmannii (Taub.) using the diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay in vitro. Furthermore, we carried out in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidases (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) by the crude extracts using chromogenic 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside substrates. We also used molecular docking approaches (Autodock Vina) to screen for bioactive phytochemical compounds targeting the digestive enzymes. RESULTS Our results showed that phytochemicals in X. stuhlmannii (Taub.) aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts scavenged free radicals with IC50 values ranging from 0.002 to 0.013 μg/mL. Furthermore, crude aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts significantly inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 10.5-29.5 μg/mL (versus 54.1 ± 0.7 μg/mL for acarbose) and 8.8-49.5 μg/mL (versus 161.4 ± 1.8 μg/mL for acarbose), respectively. In silico molecular docking findings and pharmacokinetic predictions showed that myricetin is likely a novel plant-derived α-glucosidase inhibitor. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest pharmacological targeting of digestive enzymes by X. stuhlmannii (Taub.) crude extracts may reduce blood sugar in humans with T2DM via inhibition of α-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brilliant Nyathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Jonathan Tatenda Bvunzawabaya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Midlands State University, Private Bag 9055 Senga Road, Gweru, 263, Zimbabwe
| | - Chido Venissa P Mudawarima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Emily Manzombe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Kudakwashe Tsotsoro
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Major Allen Selemani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Gadzikano Munyuki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Freeborn Rwere
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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9
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Gao X, Yue C, Tian R, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Chen W, Zhai Q. The regulatory effects of specific polyphenols on Akkermansia are dependent on uridine. Food Chem 2023; 410:135367. [PMID: 36610089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined the microbial regulatory capacity of four polyphenols with different structure in healthy mice and explore the mechanism according to exogenous metabolites and microbial metabolites. Oral administration of four polyphenols, including caffeic acid (CA), procyanidin (PA), puerarin (Pue), and resveratrol (Res), did not lead to metabolic disorder in healthy mice. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that CA, PA, and Pue administration significantly enhanced the abundance of Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 while Res supplement mainly promoted the growth of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. Furthermore, correlation analysis and exogenous metabolite prediction revealed that the effects of polyphenols, including CA, PA, and Pue, on Akkermansia have strong relationship with uridine while the regulation of Res on microbiota might be dependent on the decrease on petroselinic acid. These investigations considerably suggest the importance of exploration of exogenous metabolites and reveal the similarity of effects of polyphenols on microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenbo Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruocen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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10
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Li J, Zhang J, Yu W, Gao H, Szeto IMY, Feng H, Liu X, Wang Y, Sun L. Soluble dietary fibres decrease α-glucosidase inhibition of epigallocatechin gallate through affecting polyphenol-enzyme binding interactions. Food Chem 2023; 409:135327. [PMID: 36586254 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of soluble dietary fibres (SDFs) on α-glucosidase inhibition of EGCG were studied. Three arabinoxylans and polygalacturonic acid (PGA) significantly decreased inhibitory activity of EGCG against α-glucosidase, while two β-glucans hardly affected the inhibition. Although arabinoxylans and PGA weakened the competitive inhibition character of EGCG, they maintained the fluorescence quenching effect of EGCG. Then, arabinoxylans and PGA significantly decreased the particle size and turbidity of EGCG-enzyme complex. These results suggest that there formed SDFs-EGCG-enzyme ternary complexes. The stronger decreasing-effects of arabinoxylans and PGA on α-glucosidase inhibition of EGCG than β-glucans resulted from the stronger non-covalent interactions of arabinoxylans and PGA with EGCG. This is considered to arise from the short-branches of arabinoxylans that provided more opportunity for capturing EGCG, and from the strong polarity of PGA carboxyl that promoted hydrogen bondings with EGCG. Conclusively, SDFs should be considered as an impact factor when evaluating α-glucosidase inhibition of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Jifan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Wanyi Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Hang Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | | | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China.
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11
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Niisato N, Marunaka Y. Therapeutic potential of multifunctional myricetin for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1175660. [PMID: 37305094 PMCID: PMC10251146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1175660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and insufficient insulin secretion. It is considered that chronic hyperglycemia causes serious problems due to diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Primarily, treatment in T2DM is pharmacologically tried by using drugs that are insulin sensitizers, insulin secretagogues, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and glucose transporter inhibitors. However, long-term application of these drugs frequently induces various harmful side effects, suggesting that the importance of taking advantage of natural products like phytochemicals. Accordingly, flavonoids, a group of phytochemicals, have attracted attention as components of natural products which are effective in the treatment of several diseases containing T2DM and are strongly recommended as food supplements to ameliorate T2DM-related complications. Several well-studied flavonoids such as quercetin and catechin are known to have anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive actions, although a huge number of flavonoids are still under investigation and their actions are not fully understood. In this situation, myricetin is being shown to be a multiple bioactive compound to prevent and/or suppress hyperglycemia through inhibiting digestion and uptake of saccharides and enhancing insulin secretion as a possible GLP-1 receptor agonist, and to ameliorate T2DM-related complications by protecting endothelial cells from oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia. In this review, we summarize the multiple effects of myricetin on the targets of T2DM treatment, comparing with different flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Niisato
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Wang R, Fan R, Meng T, Wang L. Exploration of the inhibitory mechanisms of trans-polydatin/resveratrol on α-glucosidase by multi-spectroscopic analysis, in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122866. [PMID: 37201332 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phenolics as natural α-glucosidase (α-GLU) inhibitors have attached great attention in the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus currently. In this study, trans-polydatin and its aglycone resveratrol were found to show a notable inhibitory activity on α-GLU in a mixed-type manner with IC50 values of 18.07 and 16.73 μg/mL, respectively, which were further stronger than anti-diabetic drug acrabose (IC50 = 179.86 μg/mL). Multi-spectroscopic analysis results indicated that polydatin/resveratrol bound to α-GLU with one affinity binding site which was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, and this binding process resulted in conformational alteration of α-GLU. In silico docking study showed that polydatin/resveratrol can well interact with the surrounding amino acid residues in the active cavity of α-GLU. Molecular dynamics simulation further clarified the structure and characterization of α-GLU-polydatin/resveratrol complexes. This study might supply a theoretical basis for the designing of novel functional foods with polydatin/resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ruyan Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Tingyu Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
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13
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Li YJ, Wan GZ, Guo ZH, Chen J. Cellulose filter paper immobilized α-glucosidase as a target enzyme-oriented fishing tool for screening inhibitors from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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14
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Soltani S, Koubaa I, Dhouib I, Khemakhem B, Marchand P, Allouche N. New Specific α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Flavonoid from Thymelaea tartonraira Leaves: Structure Elucidation, Biological and Molecular Docking Studies. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200944. [PMID: 36757004 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of Thymelaea tartonraira leaves led to the isolation and characterization of six compounds, including one new flavonoid glycoside identified as hypolaetin 8-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (4) along with five known compounds, daphnoretin (1), triumbelletin (2), genkwanin (3), tiliroside (5) and yuankanin (6). Their structures were established based on spectroscopic methods, such as UV, IR, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. Triumbelletin (2) and tiliroside (5) were isolated for the first time from T. tartonraira leaves. The antioxidant property of all isolated compounds was tested based on DPPH, FRAP and total antioxidant capacity assays. Compound 4 displayed an antioxidant potency more interesting than vitamin C with an IC50 =15.00±0.50 μg/ml, followed by compound 5. Furthermore, the both compounds 4 and 5 were tested for their α-amylase inhibitory activity in-vitro. Compound 4 displayed higher potency to inhibit α-amylase, with an IC50 =46.49±2.32 μg/ml, than compound 5, with an IC50 =184.2±9.2 μg/ml, while the reference compound acarbose presented the highest potency to inhibit α-amylase with an IC50 =0.44±0.022 μg/ml. Compound 4 displayed a strong inhibitory ability of α-glucosidase activity approximately twice more than the reference compound, acarbose, with IC50 values of 60.00±3.00 and 125.00±6.25 μg/ml, respectively. Thus, compound 4 exhibited a specific inhibitory activity for α-glucosidase. The molecular docking studies have supported our findings and suggested that compound 4 has been involved in various binding interactions within the active site of both enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Soltani
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. B.1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Imed Koubaa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. B.1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Ines Dhouib
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. B.1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Khemakhem
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. B.1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Nantes Université, Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. B.1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
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15
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Zhang J, Li S, Liu X, Sun L. Inconsistency between polyphenol-enzyme binding interactions and enzyme inhibition: Galloyl moiety decreases amyloglucosidase inhibition of catechins. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112155. [PMID: 36596106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes has been considered as an effective approach for controlling starch digestion and postprandial blood glucose level. α-Amylase and amyloglucosidase (AMG) are commonly applied in analysis of starch digestion behaviour. Catechins have been shown with the inhibiting effects on α-amylase. However, the inhibitory activity of catechins against AMG needs to be further studied. Therefore, AMG inhibition of 8 catechins and the mechanisms were studied in this work through substrate depletion, inhibition kinetics, molecular docking, fluorescence quenching, differential scanning calorimetry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. The inhibitory activity of catechins with galloyl moiety (CGMs) was found to be lower than the corresponding catechins without the moiety (Cs). All catechins were anti-competitive inhibitors, indicating that they tended to bind with AMG-starch complex in the digestion system, rather than with AMG directly. Interestingly, CGMs had higher quenching effects on AMG fluorescence than Cs, due to the additional π-stacking between aromatic rings of GM and AMG fluorophores. Also, CGMs had a higher binding affinity to AMG, due to the tendency of GM to AMG active site, although the affinity was much weaker than that of starch to AMG. Besides, catechins did not affect AMG thermostability. Therefore, there was an inconsistency between catechins-AMG binding interactions and the enzyme inhibition because the predominant sites for catechins binding were the non-active sites on AMG-starch complex, rather than the enzyme active ones. Conclusively, inhibition mode should also be considered when evaluating the inhibitory activity of a polyphenol based on the polyphenol-enzyme binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, China.
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16
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Irfan Dar M, Qureshi MI, Zahiruddin S, Abass S, Jan B, Sultan A, Ahmad S. In Silico Analysis of PTP1B Inhibitors and TLC-MS Bioautography-Based Identification of Free Radical Scavenging and α-Amylase Inhibitory Compounds from Heartwood Extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46156-46173. [PMID: 36570189 PMCID: PMC9773359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic impairment caused by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, giving rise to chronic diabetic complications and poor disease prognosis. The heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium has been used in Ayurveda for a long time, and we sought to find the actual mechanism(s) driving its antidiabetic potential. Methanol was used to prepare the extract using a Soxhlet extraction, and the identification of metabolites was performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and ultraperformance-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (UP-LCMS). The antioxidant potential of methanolic heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium MHPM was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a reducing power assay. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory potential of MHPM were investigated for their antidiabetic activity against acarbose. TLC-MS-bioautography was performed to identify the compounds responsible for possible antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Moreover, targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key regulator of insulin resistance, by identified metabolites from MHPM through molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was also undertaken, suggesting its potential as an antidiabetic herb. The IC50 of free-radical scavenging activity of MHPM against DPPH was 156.342 ± 10.70 μg/mL. Further, the IC50 values of MHPM in α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymatic inhibitions were 158.663 ± 10.986 μg/mL and 180.21 ± 11.35 μg/mL, respectively. TLC-MS-bioautography identified four free radical scavenging metabolites, and vanillic acid identified by MS analysis showed both free radical scavenging activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the identified metabolites from MHPM, epicatechin showed significant PTP1B docking interactions, and its MD simulations revealed that PTP1B forms a stable protein-ligand complex with epicatechin throughout the progression, which indicates that epicatechin may be used as a promising scaffold in the development of the antidiabetic drug after isolation from Pterocarpus marsupium. Overall, these findings imply that Pterocarpus marsupium is a source of valuable metabolites that are accountable for its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
| | | | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Centre
of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology)
and Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India
| | - Sageer Abass
- Department
of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Centre
of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology)
and Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India
- Department
of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India
| | - Armiya Sultan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre
of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology)
and Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India
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17
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Shen H, Wang J, Ao J, Cai Y, Xi M, Hou Y, Li M, Luo A. Inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of active compounds in green walnut husk against α-glucosidase: Spectroscopy and molecular docking analyses. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Screening for α-Glucosidase-Inhibiting Saponins from Pressurized Hot Water Extracts of Quinoa Husks. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193026. [PMID: 36230101 PMCID: PMC9563573 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study extracted total saponins from quinoa husks with pressurized hot water extraction and optimized the extraction conditions. The response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of extraction flow rate, extraction temperature and extraction time on the extraction yield of total saponins. A maximal yield of 23.06 mg/g was obtained at conditions of 2 mL/min, 210 °C and 50 min. The constituents of the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of twenty-three compounds were identified, including five flavonoids, seventeen triterpenoid saponins and a phenolic acid. Moreover, we performed an in vitro assay for the α-glucosidase activity and found a stronger inhibitory effect of the quinoa husk extracts than acarbose, suggesting its potential to be developed into functional products with hypoglycemic effect. Finally, our molecular docking analyses indicated triterpenoid saponins as the main bioactive components.
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19
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Li S, Zhang W, Wang R, Li C, Lin X, Wang L. Screening and identification of natural α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors from partridge tea (Mallotus furetianus Muell-Arg) and in silico analysis. Food Chem 2022; 388:133004. [PMID: 35483282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Partridge leaves (Mallotus furetianus Muell-Arg.) have long been consumed as popular folk substitute tea for treating hyperglycemia in China. In this study, the inhibiting effects of partridge tea extracts on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were investigated, and then effect of partridge tea aqueous extracts (PTAEs) on glucose consumption capacity of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes cells was determined. Results verified that PTAEs showed excellent anti-α-glucosidase and anti-α-amylase effects. In addition, the PTAEs evidently promoted glucose consumption capacity of 3T3L1 preadipocytes cells. To this end, a combined method of affinity ultrafiltration and HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS was used for rapidly screening and identifying the potential inhibitors in the PTAEs. Catechin, epicatechin, rutin, ferulic acid, and kaempferitrin with high affinity capacity indicated strong inhibiting effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Docking studies revealed the potential interactive mechanisms between these major inhibitors and two digestive enzymes. This research shows that partridge tea is effective in preventing and treating post hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Congfa Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xue Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
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20
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Izabely Nunes Moreira F, de Medeiros LL, de Carvalho LM, Souza Olegario L, de Sousa Galvão M, da Franca SAM, Kênia Alencar Bezerra T, Suely Madruga M. Quality of Brazilian stingless bee honeys: Cephalotrigona capitata/mombucão and Melipona scutellaris Latrelle/uruçu. Food Chem 2022; 404:134306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Oliveira ESC, Acho LDR, da Silva BJP, Morales-Gamba RD, Pontes FLD, do Rosário AS, Bezerra JDA, Campos FR, Barcellos JFM, Lima ES, Machado MB. Hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of the dry extract of Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115276. [PMID: 35421528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Eugenia biflora (Myrtaceae) are traditionally used by Amazonian populations for the control of diabetes. However, their chemical composition has not yet been described and pharmacological evidence has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and evaluate the hypoglycemic and toxic effect of the dry extract of the E. biflora leaves (DEEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS DEEB, obtained by infusion, was analyzed using LC-HRMS and NMR, whose the catechin flavonoid was quantified using NMR. The antidiabetic effect of DEEB was evaluated according to its inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as the content of total phenols, free radical scavengingand antiglycation activities, and its in vitro cell viability. Oral maltose tolerance and chronic multiple dose tests (28 days) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ) were performed. The hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of this extract were evaluated in the multiple dose assay. Biochemical parameters, hemolysis, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the liver were investigated and histopathological analyses of the kidneys and liver were performed. RESULTS Eight phenolic compounds were identified, with catechin (15.5 ± 1.7 mg g-1) being the majority compound and a possible chemical marker of DEEB. The extract showed inhibition activity of the enzyme α-glucosidase. Chronic administration of DEEB (50 mg/kg of body weight) reduced glucose levels in diabetic animals, similar to acarbose; however, DEEB (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) caused premature death of mice by D22 of the treatment. Our data indicate that one of the mechanisms of toxicity in DEEB may be related to the aggravation of oxidative stress in the liver. This histopathological study indicated that DEEB failed to minimize the progression of the toxicity of diabetes caused by STZ. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the hypoglycemic potential of E. biflora leaves. However, the prolonged use of this tea can be harmful to its users due to its considerable toxicity, which needs to be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilze S C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Janaína P da Silva
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Flávia L D Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S do Rosário
- Engenharia Florestal, Campus Paragominas, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de A Bezerra
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Ambiente e Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Francinete R Campos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Fernando M Barcellos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Pan J, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Yang W, Liu H, Lv Z, Liu J, Jiao Z. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Flavonoids: Structure–Activity Relationship, Kinetics and Interaction Mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:892426. [PMID: 35634373 PMCID: PMC9134086 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.892426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that introducing hydroxyl groups to C3', C4', and C6 of the flavonoid structure was beneficial to improving the inhibitory efficacy against DPP-4, whereas the hydroxylation at position 3 of ring C in the flavonoid structure was unfavorable for the inhibition. Besides, the methylation of the hydroxyl groups at C3', C4', and C7 of the flavonoid structure tended to lower the inhibitory activity against DPP-4, and the 2,3-double bond and 4-carbonyl group on ring C of the flavonoid structure was essential for the inhibition. Glycosylation affected the inhibitory activity diversely, depending on the structure of flavonoid aglycone, type of glycoside, as well as the position of substitution. Inhibition kinetic analysis suggested that myricetin reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a non-competitive mode, whereas hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin all reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a mixed type. Moreover, the fluorescence quenching analysis indicated that all the five flavonoid compounds could effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of DPP-4 by spontaneously binding with it to form an unstable complex. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals were the predominant forces to maintain the complex of myricetin with DPP-4, and electrostatic forces might play an important role in stabilizing the complexes of the remaining four flavonoids with DPP-4. The binding of the tested flavonoids to DPP-4 could also induce the conformation change of DPP-4 and thus led to inhibition on the enzyme. Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.
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Li S, Wu W, Li J, Zhu S, Yang X, Sun L. α-Amylase Changed the Catalytic Behaviors of Amyloglucosidase Regarding Starch Digestion Both in the Absence and Presence of Tannic Acid. Front Nutr 2022; 9:817039. [PMID: 35495955 PMCID: PMC9043763 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.817039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The courses of starch digestion with individual α-amylase (AA), amyloglucosidase (AMG), and AA/AMG bi-enzyme system were performed and analyzed by first-order-reaction equations in the absence and presence of tannic acid (TA). An antagonistic effect between AA and AMG occurred at the digestion phase of readily-digestible starch due to the higher catalytic efficiency of AMG for starchy-substrates with more complex structures. This effect caused a faster rate of glucose production with AMG than with AA/AMG bi-enzyme system at this phase both in the absence and presence of TA. TA had a higher binding affinity to AA than to AMG as accessed by several methods, such as inhibition kinetics, fluorescence quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking. Besides, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the change in the thermal and structural stabilities of enzymes in the presence of TA was related to the enzyme residues involved in binding with TA, rather than the inhibitory effects of TA. The binding characters of TA to both enzymes resulted in more “free” AMG without TA binding in AA/AMG bi-enzyme system than that in individual AMG. This binding property caused more and faster rate of glucose production at the digestion phase of slowly digestible starch (SDS) in the bi-enzyme system.
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Mittal A, Singh A, Zhang B, Visessanguan W, Benjakul S. Chitooligosaccharide Conjugates Prepared Using Several Phenolic Compounds via Ascorbic Acid/H 2O 2 Free Radical Grafting: Characteristics, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Activities. Foods 2022; 11:920. [PMID: 35407006 PMCID: PMC8997384 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS)-polyphenol (PPN) conjugates prepared using different PPNs, including gallic, caffeic, and ferulic acids, epigallocatechin gallate, and catechin, at various concentrations were characterized via UV-visible, FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectra and tested for antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. Grafting of PPNs with COS was achieved. The highest conjugation efficiency was noticed for COS-catechin (COS-CAT), which was identified to have the highest total phenolic content (TPC) out of all the conjugates (p < 0.05). For antioxidant activities, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (DPPH-RSA and ABTS-RSA, respectively), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating activity (MCA) of all the samples were positively correlated with the TPC incorporated. COS-CAT had higher DPPH-RSA, ABTS-RSA, ORAC, and FRAP than COS and all other COS-PPN conjugates (p < 0.05). In addition, COS-CAT also showed the highest antidiabetic activity of the conjugates, as determined by inhibitory activity toward α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase (p < 0.05). COS-CAT also had the highest antimicrobial activity against all tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (p < 0.05). Overall, grafting of PPNs, especially CAT on COS, significantly enhanced bioactivities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial, which could be used to retard spoilage and enhance shelf-life of various food systems. Moreover, the ability of COS-CAT to inhibit digestive enzymes reflects its preventive effect on diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand;
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.)
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Caffeoyl substitution decreased the binding and inhibitory activity of quinic acid against α-amylase: The reason why chlorogenic acid is a relatively weak enzyme inhibitor. Food Chem 2022; 371:131278. [PMID: 34808763 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase inhibition of chlorogenic acid (CHA) and its component moieties including quinic acid (QA) and caffeic acid (CA) were characterized by IC50, inhibition kinetics, fluorescence quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and molecular docking. QA was found with the highest inhibitory activity in a competitive-mode, and caffeoyl substitution significantly decreased its inhibition but maintained inhibition type. Interestingly, QA hardly quenched α-amylase fluorescence, while CA quenched that significantly without inhibitory activity. This resulted from lack of aromatic ring in QA that can form π-conjugation with α-amylase fluorescent residues. Besides, the binding constant of QA with α-amylase was higher than CHA. Additionally, QA and CA decreased but CHA remained α-amylase thermal stability, indicating that change in α-amylase spatial structure was related with enzyme residue sites involved in interactions with inhibitors, instead of with inhibition effect. Conclusively, caffeoyl substitution decreased α-amylase inhibition of QA through reducing its binding affinity to the enzyme.
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Optimized Degradation and Inhibition of α-glucosidase Activity by Gracilaria lemaneiformis Polysaccharide and Its Production In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010013. [PMID: 35049867 PMCID: PMC8777738 DOI: 10.3390/md20010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) exhibits good physiological activities, and it is more beneficial as it is degraded. After its degradation by hydrogen peroxide combined with vitamin C (H2O2-Vc) and optimized by Box–Behnken Design (BBD), a new product of GLP-HV will be generated. While using GLP as control, two products of GLP-H (H2O2-treated) and GLP-V (Vc-treated) were also produced. These products chemical characteristics (total sugar content, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, UV spectrum, morphological structure, and hypolipidemic activity in vitro) were assessed. The results showed that the optimal conditions for H2O2-Vc degradation were as follows: H2O2-Vc concentration was 18.7 mM, reaction time was 0.5 h, and reaction temperature was 56 °C. The total sugar content of GLP and its degradation products (GLP-HV, GLP-H and GLP-V) were more than 97%, and their monosaccharides are mainly glucose and galactose. The SEM analysis demonstrated that H2O2-Vc made the structure loose and broken. Moreover, GLP, GLP-HV, GLP-H, and GLP-V had significantly inhibition effect on α-glucosidase, and their IC50 value were 3.957, 0.265, 1.651, and 1.923 mg/mL, respectively. GLP-HV had the best inhibition effect on α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner, which was the mixed type of competitive and non-competitive. It had a certain quenching effect on fluorescence of α-glucosidase, which may be dynamic quenching.
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Li W, Song Y, Sun W, Yang X, Liu X, Sun L. Both Acidic pH Value and Binding Interactions of Tartaric Acid With α-Glucosidase Cause the Enzyme Inhibition: The Mechanism in α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Four Caffeic and Tartaric Acid Derivates. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766756. [PMID: 34692755 PMCID: PMC8529059 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition mechanism of four caffeic and tartaric acid derivates, including caffeic acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA), caftaric acid (CFA) and chicoric acid (CHA) against α-glucosidase was characterized by substrate depletion, fluorescence quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular docking. TA and CA were found with the highest and no inhibition effect respectively, and caffeoyl substitution at 2 and/or 3-OH of TA significantly decreased its inhibition. The enzyme inhibition effects of organic acids were not in an inhibitor concentration-dependent mode, and there was a rush increase in inhibition at a respective acidic pH value, especially for CFA and CHA, suggesting the important role of acidic pH in the enzyme inhibition for both compounds. Besides, CA, CFA and CHA were shown with strong quenching effects on α-glucosidase fluorescence because of π-conjugations between aromatic ring of caffeoyl moiety and that of enzyme fluorescent residues. However, no fluorescence quenching effect was observed for TA due to lack of aromatic ring. Additionally, a direct binding interaction behavior was observed for TA with α-glucosidase according to the fitted independent binding model in ITC, but not for CFA and CHA. Therefore, both acidic pH and binding interactions of TA with α-glucosidase resulted in the enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wanshu Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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