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Hassan SM, Farid A, Panda SS, Bekheit MS, Dinkins H, Fayad W, Girgis AS. Indole Compounds in Oncology: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:922. [PMID: 39065774 PMCID: PMC11280311 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, with current treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and targeted therapy often hindered by low efficacy and adverse side effects. The indole scaffold, a prominent heterocyclic structure, has emerged as a promising candidate in the fight against cancer. This review consolidates recent advancements in developing natural and synthetic indolyl analogs, highlighting their antiproliferative activities against various cancer types over the past five years. These analogs are categorized based on their efficacy against common cancer types, supported by biochemical assays demonstrating their antiproliferative properties. In this review, emphasis is placed on elucidating the mechanisms of action of these compounds. Given the limitations of conventional cancer therapies, developing targeted therapeutics with enhanced selectivity and reduced side effects remains a critical focus in oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Hassan
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Holden Dinkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Walid Fayad
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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2
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Azarkar S, Abedi M, Lavasani ASO, Ammameh AH, Goharipanah F, Baloochi K, Bakhshi H, Jafari A. Curcumin as a natural potential drug candidate against important zoonotic viruses and prions: A narrative review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3080-3121. [PMID: 38613154 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases are major public health concerns and undeniable threats to human health. Among Zoonotic diseases, zoonotic viruses and prions are much more difficult to eradicate, as they result in higher infections and mortality rates. Several investigations have shown curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, to have wide spectrum properties such as anti-microbial, anti-vascular, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-neoplastic, anti-oxidant, and immune system modulator properties. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive review of existing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence on the antiviral (54 important zoonotic viruses) and anti-prion properties of curcumin and curcuminoids in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Database searches yielded 13,380 results, out of which 216 studies were eligible according to inclusion criteria. Of 216 studies, 135 (62.5%), 24 (11.1%), and 19 (8.8%) were conducted on the effect of curcumin and curcuminoids against SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A virus, and dengue virus, respectively. This review suggests curcumin and curcuminoids as promising therapeutic agents against a wide range of viral zoonoses by targeting different proteins and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Azarkar
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masoud Abedi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Goharipanah
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kimiya Baloochi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirsajad Jafari
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Nazir MS, Ahmad M, Aslam S, Rafiq A, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. A Comprehensive Update of Anti-COVID-19 Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1547-1571. [PMID: 38737333 PMCID: PMC11088867 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s450499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most considerable health problems across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the major causative agent of COVID-19. The severe symptoms of this deadly disease include shortness of breath, fever, cough, loss of smell, and a broad spectrum of other health issues such as diarrhea, pneumonia, bronchitis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Currently, there are no medications available for coronavirus patients, except symptom-relieving drugs. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 requires the development of effective drugs and specific treatments. Heterocycles are important constituents of more than 85% of the physiologically active pharmaceutical drugs on the market now. Several FDA-approved drugs have been reported including molnupiravir, remdesivir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine for the cure of COVID-19. In this study, we discuss potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 heterocyclic compounds that have been synthesized over the past few years. These compounds included; indole, piperidine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, piperazine, quinazoline, oxazole, quinoline, isoxazole, thiazole, quinoxaline, pyrazole, azafluorene, imidazole, thiadiazole, triazole, coumarin, chromene, and benzodioxole. Both in vitro and in silico studies were performed to determine the potential of these heterocyclic compounds in the fight against various SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Aboshouk DR, Youssef MA, Bekheit MS, Hamed AR, Girgis AS. Antineoplastic indole-containing compounds with potential VEGFR inhibitory properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5690-5728. [PMID: 38362086 PMCID: PMC10866129 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide. Various techniques, tools and therapeutics/materials have been developed in the last few decades for the treatment of cancer, together with great interest, funding and efforts from the scientific society. However, all the reported studies and efforts seem insufficient to combat the various types of cancer, especially the advanced ones. The overexpression of tyrosine kinases is associated with cancer proliferation and/or metastasis. VEGF, an important category of tyrosine kinases, and its receptors (VEGFR) are hyper-activated in different cancers. Accordingly, they are known as important factors in the angiogenesis of different tumors and are considered in the development of effective therapeutic approaches for controlling many types of cancer. In this case, targeted therapeutic approaches are preferable to the traditional non-selective approaches to minimize the side effects and drawbacks associated with treatment. Several indole-containing compounds have been identified as effective agents against VEGFR. Herein, we present a summary of the recent indolyl analogs reported within the last decade (2012-2023) with potential antineoplastic and VEGFR inhibitory properties. The most important drugs, natural products, synthesized potent compounds and promising hits/leads are highlighted. Indoles functionalized and conjugated with various heterocycles beside spiroindoles are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia R Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - M Adel Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Helwan Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
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5
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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Srour AM. Design and Synthesis of Aspirin-chalcone Mimic Conjugates as Potential Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:544-557. [PMID: 38204260 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206280025231213065519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has been conducted on aspirin, a widely recognized NSAID medication, regarding its potential as an anticancer agent. Studies have revealed its ability to trigger cell death in different types of cancer cells. METHODS A set of aspirin-chalcone mimic conjugates 5a-k and 6a-d utilizing the freshly prepared acid chloride of aspirin moiety has been designed and synthesized. To evaluate the newly developed compounds, the NCI 60- cell line panel was employed to assess their anti-proliferative properties. Subsequently, cell cycle analysis was conducted along with an examination of the compounds' impact on the levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase- 3, and their inhibition mechanism of tubulin polymerization. RESULTS Derivative 6c displayed the best anticancer activity among the tested series while 6d was the best against breast cancer MDA-MB-468, therefore both of them were selected for the 5-dose stage, however, targeting MDA-MB-468, PI-flow cytometry of compound 6d proved the triggered cell growth arrest at the G1/S phase avoiding the mitotic cycle in MDA-MB-468 cells. Similarly, the upregulation of oncogenic parameters such as caspase-3, p53, and Bax/Bcl-2, along with the inhibition of PARP-1 enzyme level, was observed with compound 6d. This compound also exhibited a significant ability to induce apoptosis and disrupt the intracellular microtubule network through a promising activity as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor with IC50 = 1.065 ± 0.024 ng/ml. Furthermore, to examine the manner in which compound 6d binds to the active pocket of the tubulin polymerization enzyme, a molecular docking study was conducted. CONCLUSION The study indicated that compound 6d could be a powerful microtubule-destabilizing agent. Therefore, further research on 6d could be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Mohamed-Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Ramli AH, Mohd Faudzi SM. Diarylpentanoids, the privileged scaffolds in antimalarial and anti-infectives drug discovery: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300391. [PMID: 37806761 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Asia is a hotspot for infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, tuberculosis, and the pandemic COVID-19. Emerging infectious diseases have taken a heavy toll on public health and the economy and have been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in Southeast Asia. Infectious disease control is a major challenge, but many surveillance systems and control strategies have been developed and implemented. These include vector control, combination therapies, vaccine development, and the development of new anti-infectives. Numerous newly discovered agents with pharmacological anti-infective potential are being actively and extensively studied for their bioactivity, toxicity, selectivity, and mode of action, but many molecules lose their efficacy over time due to resistance developments. These facts justify the great importance of the search for new, effective, and safe anti-infectives. Diarylpentanoids, a curcumin derivative, have been developed as an alternative with better bioavailability and metabolism as a therapeutic agent. In this review, the mechanisms of action and potential targets of antimalarial drugs as well as the classes of antimalarial drugs are presented. The bioactivity of diarylpentanoids as a potential scaffold for a new class of anti-infectives and their structure-activity relationships are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah H Ramli
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti M Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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7
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Girgis AS, Panda SS, Kariuki BM, Bekheit MS, Barghash RF, Aboshouk DR. Indole-Based Compounds as Potential Drug Candidates for SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2023; 28:6603. [PMID: 37764378 PMCID: PMC10537473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to society in recent times, endangering human health, life, and economic well-being. The disease quickly spreads due to the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has undergone numerous mutations. Despite intense research efforts by the scientific community since its emergence in 2019, no effective therapeutics have been discovered yet. While some repurposed drugs have been used to control the global outbreak and save lives, none have proven universally effective, particularly for severely infected patients. Although the spread of the disease is generally under control, anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are still needed to combat current and future infections. This study reviews some of the most promising repurposed drugs containing indolyl heterocycle, which is an essential scaffold of many alkaloids with diverse bio-properties in various biological fields. The study also discusses natural and synthetic indole-containing compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties and computer-aided drug design (in silico studies) for optimizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 hits/leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; (B.M.K.)
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Reham F. Barghash
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Dalia R. Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
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8
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Bekheit MS, Panda SS, Kariuki BM, Mahmoud SH, Mostafa A, Girgis AS. Spiroindole-containing compounds bearing phosphonate group of potential M pro-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory properties. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115563. [PMID: 37329713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted reaction of 3,5-bis((E)-ylidene)-1-phosphonate-4-piperidones 3a‒g with azomethine ylide (produced through interaction of isatins 4 and sarcosine 5) cycloaddition afforded the corresponding (dispiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3″-piperidin]-1″-yl)phosphonates 6a‒l in excellent yields (80-95%). Structure of the synthesized agents was evidenced by single crystal X-ray studies of 6d, 6i and 6l. Some of the synthesized agents revealed promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties in the viral infected Vero-E6 cell technique with noticeable selectivity indices. Compounds 6g and 6b are the most promising agents synthesized (R = 4-BrC6H4, Ph; R' = H, Cl, respectively) with considerable selectivity index values. Mpro-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory properties supported the anti-SARS-CoV-2 observations of the potent analogs synthesized. Molecular docking studies (PDB ID: 7C8U) are consistent with the Mpro inhibitory properties. The presumed mode of action was supported by both experimentally investigated Mpro-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory properties and explained by docking observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Benson M Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Sara H Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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S V, Kajal K, Mondal S, Wahan SK, Das Kurmi B, Das Gupta G, Patel P. Novel VEGFR-2 Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: A Review Focusing on SAR and Molecular Docking Studies (2016-2021). Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200847. [PMID: 36721068 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer growth, annexation, and metastatic spread are all aided by the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). The commencement of the VEGF pathway leads to signal transduction that enhances endothelial cell survival, relocation, and divergence from pre-existing vasculature. The ability of solid malignancies to bloom and spread depends critically on their ability to establish their independent blood circulation (tumor angiogenesis). VEGFR is a major receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates angiogenesis, cell growth, and metastasis, diminishing apoptosis, cytoskeletal function, and other biological processes VEGFR has proven to be a remarkable focus for a variety of anticancer medicines in clinical studies. This Review explores the development of anti-VEGF-based antiangiogenic therapies having different scaffolds. This review had focused on SAR and docking studies of previously reported molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Kajal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sitanshu Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Simranpreet K Wahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Abd El Salam HA, Fathy U, Zayed EM, El Shehry MF, Ahmed E.Gouda A. Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Naphthyl Pyrazolyl Thiazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayam A. Abd El Salam
- Green Chemistry Department National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza-Egypt-P.O.12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Usama Fathy
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza-Egypt-P.O.12622 Cairo Egypt Corresponding Author
| | - Ehab M. Zayed
- Green Chemistry Department National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza-Egypt-P.O.12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. El Shehry
- Pesticide Chemistry Department National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza-Egypt-P.O.12622 Cairo Egypt
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11
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Panda SS, Girgis AS, Aziz MN, Bekheit MS. Spirooxindole: A Versatile Biologically Active Heterocyclic Scaffold. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020618. [PMID: 36677676 PMCID: PMC9861573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spirooxindoles occupy an important place in heterocyclic chemistry. Many natural spirooxindole-containing compounds have been identified as bio-promising agents. Synthetic analogs have also been synthesized utilizing different pathways. The present article summarizes the recent development of both natural and synthetic spirooxindole-containing compounds prepared from isatin or its derivatives reported in the last five years. The spirooxindoles are categorized based on their mentioned biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marian N. Aziz
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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12
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Modified Curcumins as Potential Drug Candidates for Breast Cancer: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248891. [PMID: 36558022 PMCID: PMC9784715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), the most common malignancy in women, results from significant alterations in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that alter multiple signaling pathways in growth and malignant progression, leading to limited long-term survival. Current studies with numerous drug therapies have shown that BC is a complex disease with tumor heterogeneity, rapidity, and dynamics of the tumor microenvironment that result in resistance to existing therapy. Targeting a single cell-signaling pathway is unlikely to treat or prevent BC. Curcumin (a natural yellow pigment), the principal ingredient in the spice turmeric, is well-documented for its diverse pharmacological properties including anti-cancer activity. However, its clinical application has been limited because of its low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. To overcome the limitation of curcumin, several modified curcumin conjugates and curcumin mimics were developed and studied for their anti-cancer properties. In this review, we have focused on the application of curcumin mimics and their conjugates for breast cancer.
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13
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Wyman KA, Girgis AS, Surapaneni PS, Moore JM, Abo Shama NM, Mahmoud SH, Mostafa A, Barghash RF, Juan Z, Dobaria RD, Almalki AJ, Ibrahim TS, Panda SS. Synthesis of Potential Antiviral Agents for SARS-CoV-2 Using Molecular Hybridization Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185923. [PMID: 36144662 PMCID: PMC9501548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a set of small molecules using a molecular hybridization approach with good yields. The antiviral properties of the synthesized conjugates against the SAR-CoV-2 virus were investigated and their cytotoxicity was also determined. Among all the synthesized conjugates, compound 9f showed potential against SARS-CoV-2 and low cytotoxicity. The conjugates’ selectivity indexes (SIs) were determined to correlate the antiviral properties and cytotoxicity. The observed biological data were further validated using computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey A. Wyman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Pragnakiran S. Surapaneni
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A5C1.1, Canada
| | - Jade M. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Noura M. Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Reham F. Barghash
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Zou Juan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Radha D. Dobaria
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ewies EF, Sabry E, Bekheit MS, Fouad MA, Vullo D, Supuran CT. Click chemistry-based synthesis of new benzenesulfonamide derivatives bearing triazole ring as selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1281-1291. [PMID: 35706360 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,2,3-triazol-1-ylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives was designed, synthesized and their ability to inhibit several carbonic anhydrase isoforms was evaluated. The basis of our design is to hybridize the benzenesulfonamide moiety widely used as a zinc-binding group, a triazole ring as spacer with a tail of different substituted aryl moieties. The synthesis of these compounds was achieved using Cu(I)-mediated click chemistry between the azide containing the benzenesulfonamide pharmacophore and various aryl acetylenes or 1,6-heptadiyne through copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. The ability the new derivatives to inhibit four human carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I, II, IX, and XII was evaluated. All the compounds exhibited good potency and high selectivity towards isoforms hCA I and II more than isoforms hCA IX and XII, especially for the derivatives 3c and 3j that displayed Ki of 2.8 and 3.8 nM against hCA II and a high hCA II selectivity ratio ranging from 77.6 to 3571.4 over other isoforms. All the compounds were docked in the active site of the downloaded hCA II active site and their binding pattern confirmed their significant activity by interacting of the sulfonamide moiety with zinc ion in the active site, in addition to its hydrogen bond interaction with Thr199 and Thr200. All the above-mentioned findings pointed out towards the promising activity of the synthesized series that can be presented as a new scaffold to be further optimized as selective antiglaucoma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Sabry
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Bekheit
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Daniela Vullo
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Youssef MA, Panda SS, Aboshouk DR, Said MF, El Taweel A, GabAllah M, Fayad W, Soliman AF, Mostafa A, Fawzy NG, Girgis AS. Novel Curcumin Mimics: Design, Synthesis, Biological Properties and Computational Studies of Piperidone‐Piperazine Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Adel Youssef
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Helwan University Helwan Egypt
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics Augusta University Augusta GA 30912 USA
| | - Dalia R. Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Mona F. Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed GabAllah
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Walid Fayad
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Soliman
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Nehmedo G. Fawzy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
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16
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Fawazy NG, Panda SS, Mostafa A, Kariuki BM, Bekheit MS, Moatasim Y, Kutkat O, Fayad W, El-Manawaty MA, Soliman AAF, El-Shiekh RA, Srour AM, Barghash RF, Girgis AS. Development of spiro-3-indolin-2-one containing compounds of antiproliferative and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13880. [PMID: 35974029 PMCID: PMC9380671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1″-(alkylsulfonyl)-dispiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3″-piperidine]-2,4″-diones 6a‒o has been synthesized through regioselective multi-component azomethine dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1-(alkylsulfonyl)-3,5-bis(ylidene)-piperidin-4-ones 3a‒h. X-ray diffraction studies (6b‒d,h) confirmed the structures. The majority of the synthesized analogs reveal promising antiproliferation properties against a variety of human cancer cell lines (MCF7, HCT116, A431 and PaCa2) with good selectivity index towards normal cell (RPE1). Some of the synthesized agents exhibit potent inhibitory properties against the tested cell lines with higher efficacies than the standard references (sunitinib and 5-fluorouracil). Compound 6m is the most potent. Multi-targeted inhibitory properties against EGFR and VEGFR-2 have been observed for the synthesized agents. Flow cytometry supports the antiproliferation properties and shows the tested agents as apoptosis and necrosis forming. Vero cell viral infection model demonstrates the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of the synthesized agents. Compound 6f is the most promising (about 3.3 and 4.8 times the potency of the standard references, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine). QSAR models explain and support the observed biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehmedo G Fawazy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Benson M Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Mohamed S Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Walid Fayad
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - May A El-Manawaty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A F Soliman
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Reham F Barghash
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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17
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Janković N, Milović E, Jovanović JĐ, Marković Z, Vraneš M, Stanojković T, Matić I, Crnogorac MĐ, Klisurić O, Cvetinov M, Abbas Bukhari SN. A new class of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes containing Biginelli hybrids: anticancer and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110025. [PMID: 35752294 PMCID: PMC9220501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to discover new dual-active agents, a series of novel Biginelli hybrids (tetrahydropyrimidines) and their ruthenium(II) complexes were synthesized. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and X-ray techniques and investigated for their cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines HeLa, LS174, A549, A375, K562 and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5). For further examination of the cytotoxic mechanisms of novel complexes, two of them were chosen for analyzing their effects on the distribution of HeLa cells in the cell cycle phases. The results of the flow cytometry analysis suggest that the proportion of cells in G2/M phase was decreased following the increase of subG1 phase in all treatments. These results confirmed that cells treated with 5b and 5c were induced to undergo apoptotic death. The ruthenium complexes 5a-5d show significant inhibitory potency against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Therefore, molecule 5b has significance, while 5e possesses the lowest values of ΔGbind and Ki, which are comparable to cinanserin, and hydroxychloroquine. In addition, achieved results will open a new avenue in drug design for more research on the possible therapeutic applications of dual-active Biginelli-based drugs (anticancer-antiviral). Dual-active drugs based on the hybridization concept "one drug curing two diseases" could be a successful tactic in healing patients who have cancer and the virus SARS-CoV-2 at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.
| | - Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorović Jovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Milan Vraneš
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Olivera Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Cvetinov
- Academy of Arts, University of Novi Sad, Đure Jakšića 7, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Girgis AS, D'Arcy P, Aboshouk DR, Bekheit MS. Synthesis and bio-properties of 4-piperidone containing compounds as curcumin mimics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31102-31123. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
3,5-Diyliden-4-piperidone scaffold are considered as curcumin mimic exhibiting diverse bio-properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dalia R. Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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