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Dastgheib M, Falak R, Moghaddam MV, Hassanzadeh G, Safa M, Hosseini A. Rolipram and pentoxifylline combination ameliorates the morphological abnormalities of dorsal root ganglion neurons in experimental diabetic neuropathy by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23459. [PMID: 37431890 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most prevalent complication of diabetes. Pharmacological treatments for DN are often limited in efficacy, so the development of new agents to alleviate DN is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (PDE-4I), and pentoxifylline, a general PDE inhibitor, using a rat model of DN. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established by i.p. injection of STZ (55 mg/kg). Rats were treated with rolipram (1 mg/kg), pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg), and combination of rolipram (0.5 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), orally for 5 weeks. After treatments, sensory function was assessed by hot plate test. Then rats were anesthetized and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP, adenosine diphosphate and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, Cytochrome c release, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 proteins expression in DRG neurons were assessed by biochemical and ELISA methods, and western blot analysis. DRG neurons were histologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline significantly attenuated sensory dysfunction by modulating nociceptive threshold. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment dramatically increased the cAMP level, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and degeneration of DRG neurons, which appears to be mediated by inducing ATP and MMP, improving cytochrome c release, as well as regulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins, and improving morphological abnormalities of DRG neurons. We found maximum effectiveness with rolipram and pentoxifylline combination on mentioned factors. These findings encourage the use of rolipram and pentoxifylline combination as a novel experimental evidence for further clinical investigations in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dastgheib
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Moreira VM, Leite JMDS, Medeiros KDA, Assis KMAD, Borges JC, Santana LMB, Moreira LMCDC, Alves LP, Oliveira TKBD, Silveira JWDSD, Silva DTCD, Damasceno BPGDL. Pentoxifylline/Chitosan Films on Wound Healing: In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041122. [PMID: 37111607 PMCID: PMC10143649 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop films of chitosan (CSF) associated with pentoxifylline (PTX) for healing cutaneous wounds. These films were prepared at two concentrations, F1 (2.0 mg/mL) and F2 (4.0 mg/mL), and the interactions between the materials, structural characteristics, in vitro release, and morphometric aspects of skin wounds in vivo were evaluated. The formation of the CSF film with acetic acid modifies the polymeric structure, and the PTX demonstrates interaction with the CSF, in a semi-crystalline structure, for all concentrations. The release for all films was proportional to the concentration, with two phases: a fast one of ≤2 h and a slow one of >2 h, releasing 82.72 and 88.46% of the drug after 72 h, being governed by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The wounds of the mice demonstrate a reduction of up to 60% in the area on day 2 for F2 when compared to CSF, F1, and positive control, and this characteristic of faster healing speed for F2 continues until the ninth day with wound reduction of 85%, 82%, and 90% for CSF, F1, and F2, respectively. Therefore, the combination of CSF and PTX is effective in their formation and incorporation, demonstrating that a higher concentration of PTX accelerates skin-wound reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandiara Martins Moreira
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Joandra Maísa da Silva Leite
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Kaline de Araújo Medeiros
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Karoll Moangella Andrade de Assis
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Joyce Cordeiro Borges
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas Matheus Barreto Santana
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Coelho de Carvalho Moreira
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pereira Alves
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | | | - João Walter de Souza da Silveira
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Tomaz Casimiro da Silva
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Bolívar Ponciano Goulart de Lima Damasceno
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
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3
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Dadgar Z, Shariatzadeh SMA, Mehranjani MS, Kheirolahi A. The therapeutic effect of co-administration of pentoxifylline and zinc in men with idiopathic infertility. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:431-439. [PMID: 35182288 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline is a derivative of methylxanthine that affects sperm motility. Also, zinc is an antioxidant that is involved in the activation of antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of co-administration of pentoxifylline, and zinc in men with idiopathic infertility. In the present study, men with idiopathic infertility were identified and randomly divided into four groups: pentoxifylline, zinc, pentoxifylline + zinc, and placebo. According to the grouping, the patients received pentoxifylline and zinc for 3 months. Then, sperm parameters, biochemical factors, reproductive hormones, inflammatory factors, and DNA damage were evaluated before and after intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Pentoxifylline and zinc were significantly effective in improving biochemical parameters, inflammatory factors, concentration, and motility of sperm. Pentoxifylline did not affect sperm morphology and reproductive hormones. However, in the zinc and zinc + pentoxifylline groups, a significant increase in normal morphology and reproductive hormones was observed. In the pentoxifylline group, sperm DNA fragmentation increased significantly, while in the zinc and zinc + pentoxifylline group, DNA fragmentation reduced significantly. Because of the role of zinc in protecting sperm chromatin, it is recommended that zinc and pentoxifyllinebe prescribed simultaneously. Clinical trial code: NCT05156684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdolreza Kheirolahi
- Department of Urology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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4
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Dastgheib M, Shetab-Boushehri SV, Baeeri M, Gholami M, Karimi MY, Hosseini A. Rolipram and pentoxifylline combination ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2615-2627. [PMID: 35922732 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most challenging microvascular complication of diabetes and there is no suitable treatment for it, so the development of new agents to relieve DN is urgently needed. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play an essential role in the development of DN, clearance of these factors are good strategies for the treatment of this disease. According to key role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, it seems that phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) can be as novel drug targets for improving DN through enhancement of cAMP level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, and pentoxifylline, a general PDE inhibitor on experimental model of DN and also to determine the possible mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of these agents. We investigated the effects of rolipram (1 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) and also combination of rolipram (0.5 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), orally for five weeks in rats that became diabetic by STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatments, motor function was evaluated by open-field test, then rats were anesthetized and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated. Next, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors were assessed by biochemical and ELISA methods, and RT-PCR analysis in DRG neurons. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment significantly attenuated DN - induced motor function deficiency by modulating distance moved and velocity. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment dramatically increased the cAMP level, as well as suppressed DN - induced oxidative stress which was associated with decrease in LPO and ROS and increase in TAC, total thiol, CAT and SOD in DRG neurons. On the other hand, the level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, NF-kB and COX2) significantly decreased following rolipram and/or pentoxifylline administration. The maximum effectiveness was with rolipram and/or pentoxifylline combination on mentioned factors. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for further clinical investigations on rolipram and pentoxifylline combination for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dastgheib
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Klashami ZN, Ahrabi NZ, Ahrabi YS, Hasanzad M, Asadi M, Amoli MM. The vitamin D receptor gene variants, ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI in diabetic foot ulcer and their association with oxidative stress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8627-8639. [PMID: 35857173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, numerous disorders have been linked to vitamin D deficiency. Several lines of evidence indicate a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It has been postulated that vitamin D may influence insulin activity, which can predispose individuals to develop type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 262 patients with definite type 2 diabetes were enrolled, considering whether they were being affected by diabetic foot ulcers or not. The plasma levels of vitamin D and homocysteine were measured using ELISA, and the PCR-RFLP technique was utilized to determine allele and genotype frequencies. The antioxidant capacity of plasma samples of diabetic patients was analyzed using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. RESULTS The obtained results demonstrated no significant difference in the frequency of TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms between the case and control groups. However, the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the ApaI polymorphism in the VDR gene significantly differed between the case and control groups. A significant correlation was found between ApaI polymorphism and oxidative stress, as patients with the GG genotype had lower levels of TBARS than those with other genotypes. Furthermore, in the case group, patients with the CC genotype of BsmI showed a significant decrease in TBARS levels. DISCUSSION It seems that the plasma levels of vitamin D do not differ between patients with or without diabetic foot ulcers; however, the presence of some VDR gene polymorphisms is thought to be involved in the development of diabetic foot ulcers via increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasin Sarve Ahrabi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Hosseini F, Mohammadbeigi A, Aghaali M, Borujerdi R, Parham M. Effect of pentoxifylline on diabetic distal polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:89. [PMID: 31741661 PMCID: PMC6856542 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_115_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy. There are no known cures for diabetic neuropathy. Pentoxifylline could theoretically be a beneficial treatment for diabetic sensory neuropathy, but there is not enough evidence to prove its effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on distal diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, 60 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were randomized into two groups. The intervention group received Vitamin B1 (100 mg twice daily) and pentoxifylline (400 mg twice daily) and control group received Vitamin B1 (100 mg twice daily) and placebo (twice daily) for 2 months. Before and after the intervention, the symptoms of distal polyneuropathy were recorded by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. ANCOVA, Paired t-test, unpaired t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were used to compare changes in symptoms and sign of distal polyneuropathy. Results The mean age of patients was 57.1 ± 8.02 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to the baseline variables. Blood pressure, body mass index, and blood glucose did not change significantly during the study. In the pentoxifylline group, the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were significantly improved, in comparison with placebo group (P = 0.042). Conclusion This study showed pentoxifylline could be effective in reducing the symptoms of distal diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frahad Hosseini
- Clinical Research Development Center, Nekooi-Hedayati- Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Borujerdi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Nekooi-Hedayati- Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Parham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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7
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Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic nephropathy: Is there a role for oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:50-63. [PMID: 29305106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a major determinant in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The translation, in the clinical setting, of these concepts have been quite disappointing, and new theories have challenged the concepts that oxidative stress per se plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The concept of mitochondrial hormesis has been introduced to explain this apparent disconnect. Hormesis is intended as any cellular process that exhibits a biphasic response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition: specifically, in diabetic kidney disease, oxidant species may represent, at determined concentration, an essential and potentially protective factor. It could be postulated that excessive production or inhibition of oxidant species formation might result in an adverse phenotype. This review discusses the evidence underlying these two apparent contradicting concepts, with the aim to propose and speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the role of oxidant species in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and possibly open future more efficient therapies to be tested in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Sagoo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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8
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Miyashima Y, Shibata M, Honma Y, Matsuoka H, Hiura M, Abe S, Harada M. Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis Effectively Treated with Vitamin E as an Add-on to Corticosteroids. Intern Med 2017; 56:3293-3297. [PMID: 29021453 PMCID: PMC5790716 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8767-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old woman with a history of heavy alcohol drinking was admitted to our hospital due to jaundice and abdominal distention. A blood test showed leukophilia, mild hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hepatobiliary injury and coagulopathy. Image studies showed an extremely enlarged fatty liver and splenomegaly. The Japan alcoholic hepatitis score and Maddrey's discriminant function were 10 and 54 points, respectively. We diagnosed her with severe alcoholic hepatitis and treated her with corticosteroids, but her liver function did not improve. We therefore administered the vitamin E product tochopheryl acetate (150 mg/day) as an add-on therapy, after which her leukophilia, liver enzymes and coagulopathy improved immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Miyashima
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Michihiko Shibata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Matsuoka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hiura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Shintaro Abe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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9
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Alam S, Nazmul Hasan SKM, Mustafa G, Alam M, Kamal M, Ahmad N. Effect of Pentoxifylline on Histological Activity and Fibrosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Patients: A One Year Randomized Control Trial. J Transl Int Med 2017; 5:155-163. [PMID: 29085788 PMCID: PMC5655462 DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To observe the effect of Pentoxifylline for 1 year on hepatic histological activity and fibrosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MATERIALS AND METHODS A single center, open label Randomized Control Trial. Patients were included if they had ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) ≥ 5 on liver histology. A total of 35 patients were selected; 25 of PL (Experimental) group and 10 of L (Control) group. PL group received 400 mg pentoxifylline thrice daily along with lifestyle modification and there was only lifestyle modification for the L group. After one year, NAS and fibrosis was compared in both groups. RESULTS In PL group, NAS improved 2.10 ± 1.07; whereas in L group, NAS was 0.90 ± 0.99 (P = 0.006). As per the protocol analysis, NAS ≥ 2 improved in 15/20 (75%) in PL group and in 3/10 (30%) in L group (P = 0.018). In PL group, the individual component of NAS, steatosis improved from 2.30 ± 0.66 to 0.95 ± 0.76 (P = 0.000), lobular inflammation from 1.65 ± 0.59 to 1.05 ± 0.51 (P = 0.002) and hepatocyte ballooning from 1.50 ± 0.51 to 1.30 ± 0.57 (P = 0.258). In L group, steatosis improved from 2.30 ± 0.68 to 1.40 ± 1.08 (P = 0.01), lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning did not improve. The fibrosis score did not improve in any group. In PL group, NAS improved significantly (P = 0.027; OR=22.76, CI=1.43-362.40) independent of weight reduction. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline for 1 year improves the hepatic histological activity but not fibrosis of NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinul Alam
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - SKM Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Mustafa
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mahabubul Alam
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamal
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nooruddin Ahmad
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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10
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Sadati SM, Radfar M, Hamidi AK, Abdollahi M, Qorbani M, Esfahani EN, Amoli MM. Association Between the Polymorphism of Glu298Asp in Exon 7 of the eNOS Gene With Foot Ulcer and Oxidative Stress in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:18-22. [PMID: 28499789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and major manifestation in patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in diabetic complications, such as DFU. Nitric oxide deficiency contributes to the impairment of diabetic wound healing. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism and DFU and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population. METHODS In this case-control study, 123 patients with type 2 diabetes and DFU and 134 patients without DFU were recruited. The genotypes of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism in exon 7 were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We measured the levels of thiobarbituric reactive substances and ferric-reducing ability of plasma as the potential markers of OS. RESULTS There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism between case and control groups (GG+TG vs. TT; p=0.002; OR=0.22, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.62). Also, the frequency of the T allele in cases was less common than in controls (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in levels of OS parameters and various genotypes (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that the T allele might be protective against DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Sadati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mania Radfar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocriology and Metabolism Research Center, Edocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Armita Kakavand Hamidi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Evaluation of the protective effect of pentoxifylline on carrageenan-induced chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:343-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Soroush N, Radfar M, Hamidi AK, Abdollahi M, Qorbani M, Razi F, Esfahani EN, Amoli MM. Vitamin D receptor gene FokI variant in diabetic foot ulcer and its relation with oxidative stress. Gene 2016; 599:87-91. [PMID: 27836663 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The patient's suffering and financial costs affiliated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU), as one of the most important complications of diabetes, are highly undesirable and this highlights the importance of preventive medicine about this disorder. Furthermore hyperglycemia causes generation of free radicals which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Hence, this study aims to examine the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI polymorphism and DFU in Iranian population and also its correlation with OS biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a case-control study, a total of 212 patients with type 2 diabetes with and without diabetic foot ulcer were included. Genotyping was conducted by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Samples were analyzed for thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as markers of OS. RESULTS The results indicated a significant difference in genotype frequencies of VDR gene FokI polymorphism in patients with diabetic foot ulcer in comparison to those without diabetic foot ulcer (TT+TC vs. CC p=0.04; OR=1.76; 95% CI=1.02-3.05). Moreover, the patients carrying the T allele had a significantly higher level of TBARS (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS We found a significant association between FokI functional variant of VDR gene and diabetic foot ulcer in an Iranian population. Increased levels of TBARS in patients carrying the T allele of FokI polymorphism indicate an association between this variant and OS in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Soroush
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mania Radfar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Armita Kakavand Hamidi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Elshazly SM, Mahmoud AA, Barakat W. Pentoxifylline abrogates cardiotoxicity induced by the administration of a single high dose or multiple low doses of doxorubicin in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1170-1177. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) possesses a broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity; however, its clinical application is impeded by cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of pentoxifylline (PXF), which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against cardiotoxicity induced by a single high dose (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or multiple low doses (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., three times per week for 2 weeks) of DOX. At the end of the experimental period, the serum creatine kinase (CK)-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured. The hearts were then removed for evaluating TNF-α, NO, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the expression of iNOS, NF-κB, Fas ligand (FasL), and caspase-3. The administration of DOX in both dose regimens caused increases in serum CK-MB and LDH activities, in cardiac TNF-α, NO and MDA levels, as well as in the cardiac expression of iNOS, NF-κB, FasL and caspase-3, whereas it significantly reduced the cardiac GSH level, as well as SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05). Prophylactic treatment of rats with PXF diminished DOX-induced alterations in theses parameters. Our results warrant the clinical use of PXF as an adjuvant therapy to abrogate cardiotoxicity of DOX and extend its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr A.A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Feyli SA, Ghanbari A, Keshtmand Z. Therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline on reproductive parameters in diabetic male mice. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Feyli
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - A. Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Z. Keshtmand
- Department of Biology; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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15
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Jowzi N, Rahimifard M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Baeeri M, Darvishi B, Rezvanfar MA, Abdollahi M. Reduction of chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes by selected phosphodiesterase inhibitors. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 128:57-62. [PMID: 26969440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the most famous and commonly used compounds from organophosphate (OP) family is chlorpyrifos (CP) which is widespreadly used as a powerful insecticide. Previous studies have shown that OPs induce oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by generating the free radicals. The protective effects of three members of phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI) family, including rolipram (RLP), milrinon (MLR) and pentoxifylline (PTX) were evaluated in the human lymphocytes against CP's toxicity. In this case, the level of oxidative stress biomarkers, the viability of the cells and the rate of apoptosis by flow cytometry were investigated. The results of this study revealed that CP makes a significant increase in the level of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers such as meyloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol molecules (TTM) and total antioxidant potential (TAP), and also makes an enhancement in the rate of apoptosis process. On the other hand, PDEIs and specifically the combination of them restored the negative effects of CP and significantly prevented the apoptosis and oxidative stress imbalance. It is concluded that these PDEIs have positive effects in attenuation, recovery, and protection of CP-induced toxicity in the human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Jowzi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Garcia FADO, Rebouças JF, Balbino TQ, da Silva TG, de Carvalho-Júnior CHR, Cerqueira GS, Brito GADC, Viana GSDB. Pentoxifylline reduces the inflammatory process in diabetic rats: relationship with decreases of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:33. [PMID: 25922592 PMCID: PMC4411660 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, are produced by adipose tissue in large quantities, in obese and especially in diabetic individuals. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions that may contribute to alleviate diabetes side effects, as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. This study aims to investigate PTX anti-inflammatory effects on the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic animals (male Wistar rats, 200–250 g) were daily treated with PTX (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.), glibenclamide (GLI, 5 mg/kg, p.o., as reference) or water, for 5 days. Afterwards, carrageenan-treated paws were dissected, their skin removed and the tissue used for preparation of homogenates and measurements of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by Elisa. Serum levels of nitrite were also determined and paw slices used for iNOS immunohistochemistry assays. We showed that diabetic rats presented an amplification of the inflammatory response, as related to non-diabetic rats, what was evident 48 h after the edema-induction. The PTX-treatment of diabetic rats reduced glycemia (as related to untreated-diabetic ones) and the paw edema. It also brought edema volumes to values similar to those of non-diabetic rats, at the same observation time. The increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in paws of untreated-diabetic rats were reduced in diabetic animals after PTX treatments. Besides, the increased levels of nitrite in the serum of diabetic rats were also decreased by PTX. Furthermore, a higher number of iNOS immunostained cells was demonstrated in paw tissues from untreated-diabetic rats, as related to those of PTX-treated diabetic animals. Our results show that PTX reduces inflammatory parameters, as pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS expression, indicating the potential benefit of the drug for the treatment of diabetes and related pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barbosa de Freitas, 130/1100, Fortaleza, CEP: 60170-020 Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barbosa de Freitas, 130/1100, Fortaleza, CEP: 60170-020 Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil ; Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barbosa de Freitas, 130/1100, Fortaleza, CEP: 60170-020 Brazil
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17
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Rezvanfar MA, Saadat S, Shojaei Saadi HA, Mansoori P, Saeedi S, Gooshe M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pentoxifylline's beneficial effects in experimental polycystic ovary. Theriogenology 2015; 83:968-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Babajafari S, Nikaein F, Mazloomi SM, Zibaeenejad MJ, Zargaran A. A Review of the Benefits of Satureja Species on Metabolic Syndrome and Their Possible Mechanisms of Action. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 20:212-23. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587214564188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, also known as insulin resistance disorder, is the simultaneous manifestation of multiple metabolic disorders in an individual. The present-day complementary and alternative therapies suggest several medicinal herbs that may have the potential to improve one or multiple complications of metabolic syndrome. All of them have their own limitations in efficacy and unwanted effects. Therefore, we reviewed species of Satureja as widespread medicinal herbs and potentially good remedies for metabolic syndrome. We reviewed literature found in PubMed and the ISI Web of Knowledge with the key word Satureja in the title. The influence of any species of Satureja on any disease or syndrome, enzymatic, metabolic, or physiological pathways, in human, animals, or in vitro conditions related to any characteristics of metabolic syndrome were considered. The main outcomes of treatment with Satureja species were categorized, and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Babajafari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Nikaein
- Student Research Committee, Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zibaeenejad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arman Zargaran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center & Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Sheen SS, Chung CH, Ahn CW, Kim SH, Cho YW, Park SW, Kim SK, Kim CS, Kim KW, Lee KW. Effects of pentoxifylline on proteinuria and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:64. [PMID: 26300986 PMCID: PMC4546105 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative with significant anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-proliferative properties. Studies have shown that pentoxifylline may have renoprotective effects in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, most of these studies were limited by small sample sizes. Therefore, we investigated whether pentoxifylline could reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy and residual proteinuria who received an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). We also studied the effects of pentoxifylline on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and inflammatory parameters. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study. A total of 174 patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria (>30 mg/g of creatinine) who were taking the recommended dosage of ACEI or ARB for > 6 months and receiving conventional therapy for diabetes were randomly assigned to receive pentoxifylline (1200 mg, daily; n = 87) or a placebo (n = 87) for 6 months. The endpoints were the effects of pentoxifylline on proteinuria, renal function, glucose control, and inflammatory parameters. RESULTS The percentage changes in proteinuria from baseline in the pentoxifylline and placebo groups were a decrease of 23 % and 4 %, respectively (p = 0.012). In addition, significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance according to the homeostasis model assessment were observed in the pentoxifylline group compared to those in the placebo group. However there was no significant difference in serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Pentoxifylline therapy reduced proteinuria and improved glucose control and insulin resistance without significant change of serum TNF-α in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, pentoxifylline is a potential therapeutic alternative for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01382303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Han
- />Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380 Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- />Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380 Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- />Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380 Korea
| | - Seung Soo Sheen
- />Section of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics in Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-380 Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 220-701 Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 135-720 Korea
| | - Se Hwa Kim
- />Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, 404-834 Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Cho
- />Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 463-712 Korea
| | - Seok Won Park
- />Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 463-712 Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- />Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 463-712 Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- />Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, 431-796 Korea
| | - Kyung Wook Kim
- />Dongtan jeil Women’s Hospital, Hwaseong, 445-170 Korea
- />Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonesei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Lee
- />Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380 Korea
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20
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Garcia FAO, Pinto SF, Cavalcante AF, Lucetti LT, Menezes SM, Felipe CFB, Alves APN, Brito GAC, Cerqueira GS, Viana GS. Pentoxifylline decreases glycemia levels and TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 expressions in diabetic rat pancreas. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:283. [PMID: 24991532 PMCID: PMC4070224 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative, is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects in diabetic patients, among other properties. We studied PTX actions and mechanisms in reducing blood biochemical parameters, in diabetic rats. For diabetes induction, alloxan was intravenously administered to male Wistar rats. One group was left untreated and the other ones treated with PTX (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), glibenclamide or metformin, as references. Forty-eight hours later and after 1-week to 3-month treatments, blood was collected for determination of glycemia, triglycerides, cholesterol, transaminases, fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized and pancreas, liver and kidney processed for histological analyses and immunohistochemistry assays for TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2. The results showed that PTX decreased glycemia and also triglyceride levels, starting 1 week after treatments, as compared to the same group before treatments. Glycemia values were brought towards normality, after 1-month treatment. PTX hypoglycemic effects were potentiated by glibenclamide but not by metformin. It also decreased fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin. Some histological and immunohistochemical alterations for TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 in the diabetic pancreas were also reversed by PTX. We conclude that PTX acts similarly to glibenclamide, and its hypoglycemic actions are, partly, a consequence of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels inhibition. In addition, by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, PTX may be a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia F Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia T Lucetti
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Silvana Ms Menezes
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Nn Alves
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne C Brito
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Glauce Sb Viana
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil ; Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
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Safavi M, Foroumadi A, Abdollahi M. The importance of synthetic drugs for type 2 diabetes drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1339-63. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.837883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Yadav NK, Poudel B, Thanpari C, Chandra Koner B. Assessment of biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3385-8. [PMID: 22994765 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to assess biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women having breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital based case control study was carried out at Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara, Nepal. The analysed variables were age, metabolic profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood sugar, insulin concentration, C-peptide, HbA1c and selenium. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. RESULTS In premenopausal women, significant differences were noted for total cholesterol (P value <0.001), triglycerides (P value 0.002), HbA1c level (P value <0.001), insulin concentration (P value 0.030), C-peptide concentration (P value 0.001), and selenium (P value <0.001) between cases and controls. Insignificant results were found for HDL-C (P value 0.749), LDL-C (P value 0.933), blood sugar (P value 0.59) and BMI (P value 0.746). Similarly, significant difference in total cholesterol (P value <0.001), triglycerides (P value 0.001), LDL-C (P value <0.001), HDL-C (P value 0.025), blood sugar (P value <0.001), insulin concentration (P value <0.001), c-peptide concentration (P value <0.001), HbA1c level (P value <0.001) and selenium (P value <0.001) were observed for postmenopausal patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Assessing metabolic changes and their management may be important for control of breast cancer and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
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23
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Khoshakhlagh P, Bahrololoumi-Shapourabadi M, Mohammadirad A, Ashtaral-Nakhai L, Minaie B, Abdollahi M. Beneficial effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in experimental inflammatory bowel disease; molecular evidence for involvement of oxidative stress. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 17:281-8. [PMID: 20020951 DOI: 10.1080/15376510601003769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common and chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) play a pathogenic role in IBD. We aimed to examine the protective effect of sildenafil, a cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in the experimental mouse model of IBD. Intrarectal instillation of acetic acid was used to induce IBD. Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Sildenafil was used at doses of 0.75, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg. Biochemicals and macroscopic and microscopic examinations of colonic tissue were performed. Results indicated that activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipid peroxidation product (TBARS) markers of oxidative stress are increased in acetic acid-treated groups and are recovered by sildenafil pretreatment and prednisolone. Sildenafil- (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid-treated group. The beneficial effect of sildenafil (3 mg/kg) was comparable to that of prednisolone. It is concluded that sildenafil is helpful in the management of IBD, which is presumably related to its strong antioxidative stress potential mediated through enhanced cGMP. Results of proper clinical trials will determine the possible efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Khoshakhlagh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran
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Ghazanfari G, Minaie B, Yasa N, Nakhai LA, Mohammadirad A, Nikfar S, Dehghan G, Boushehri VS, Jamshidi H, Khorasani R, Salehnia A, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and histopathological evidences for beneficial effects of satureja khuzestanica jamzad essential oil on the mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 16:365-72. [PMID: 20021009 DOI: 10.1080/15376520600620125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil from Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad (SKEO), an endemic plant from Iran, was evaluated for its activity against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SKEO was examined on the experimental mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, which is acetic acid-induced colitis. Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic, and microscopic examinations of colon were performed. Lipid peroxidation significantly increased in acetic acid-treated mice in comparison to the normal group (4.88 vs. 3.02 mumol/g) and was significantly restored by SKEO (500, 1000, 1500 ppm) and prednisolone treatment. The mean percentage of decreases of lipid peroxidation in SKEO (500, 1000, 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups were 10.5, 28.5, 42.85, and 33.33 of control, respectively. The myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased in acetic acid-treated mice in comparison to the normal group (4.1 vs. 0.8 U/g) and significantly restored in SKEO (1000 and 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups. The mean percentage of decreases of myeloperoxidase activity in SKEO (1000 and 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups were 24.56, 50, and 52.63 of control, respectively. SKEO (1000 and 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid-treated group. The beneficial effect of SKEO (1500 ppm) was comparable to that of prednisolone. Known antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antispasmodic potentials of Satureja Khuzestanica may be the mechanisms by which this plant protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Ghazanfari
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zein CO, Lopez R, Fu X, Kirwan JP, Yerian LM, McCullough AJ, Hazen SL, Feldstein AE. Pentoxifylline decreases oxidized lipid products in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: new evidence on the potential therapeutic mechanism. Hepatology 2012; 56:1291-9. [PMID: 22505276 PMCID: PMC3430813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pentoxifylline (PTX) improved the histological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a recent randomized placebo-controlled trial. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of PTX in NASH remains unidentified. A key role of lipid oxidation in the pathogenesis and progression of NASH has been established. PTX is known to decrease free-radical-mediated oxidative stress and inhibit lipid oxidation. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTX on levels of lipid oxidation products in patients with NASH. Levels of multiple structurally specific oxidized fatty acids including hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODEs), oxo-octadecadienoic acids (oxoODEs), and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) were quantified by mass spectrometry in plasma obtained at baseline and at study completion in patients who completed 1 year of therapy with PTX or placebo in a randomized controlled trial. Therapy with PTX resulted in significant decreases in 9-HODE and 13-oxoODE, oxidized lipid products of linoleic acid (LA) linked to histological severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Similarly, PTX therapy was associated with significant decreases in 8-HETE, 9-HETE, and 11-HETE compared to placebo. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between the decrease in HODEs and oxoODEs and improved histological scores of fibrosis and between the decrease in HETEs and improved lobular inflammation. CONCLUSION Therapy with PTX compared to placebo was associated with a significant reduction of oxidized fatty acids. This novel evidence supports that the beneficial effects of PTX in patients with NASH are likely partly mediated through decreasing lipid oxidation, largely free-radical-mediated lipid oxidation. Additionally, this is the first report on the link between decreased oxidized lipid products and improved histological disease in the setting of a therapeutic trial in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia O Zein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA.
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Rezvanfar MA, Rahimi HR, Abdollahi M. ADMET considerations for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1231-45. [PMID: 22769968 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.698610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiling is an important aspect of all drug developments. The pharmaceutical industry must always consider ADMET properties in order to optimize drug candidates and to introduce new formulations against existing marketed drugs. Consequently, candidate drug development may be halted early in the discovery phase or during the more costly drug development process because of their poor ADMET properties. AREAS COVERED The main focus of this article is ADMET profiling, pharmacokinetic (PK) drug interactions, mechanisms and possible adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for approved phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is). The authors also look at the efficacy and non-erectogenic benefits of current PDE5Is, which are widely used by patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). The authors also discuss other unapproved PDE5Is such as aildenafil and udenafil, which are currently in use in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The authors believe that the enhancing effect of PDE5Is on the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway means that PDE5Is could be used to treat various conditions. An important issue in their development is 'cross-talk' between PDE5 and other PDEs and thus their specificity for other PDEs. But while it might be difficult to achieve the ideal ADMET profile, it should not necessarily prevent further development of a lead PDE5I. The risk assessment of PDE5Is, with respect to their ADMET properties, is therefore very important for predicting drug-drug interactions, possible side effects, ADRs and its future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
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How to manage coronary slow flow following PCI? Int J Cardiol 2012; 154:222-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Sarkhail P, Abdollahi M, Fadayevatan S, Shafiee A, Mohammadirad A, Dehghan G, Esmaily H, Amin G. Effect of Phlomis persica on glucose levels and hepatic enzymatic antioxidants in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 6:219-24. [PMID: 20931083 PMCID: PMC2950386 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.66940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol extract of the aerial parts of Phlomis persica Boiss. (Lamiaceae) (PPE) was studied to evaluate the effects of antidiabetic potential, by measuring fasting blood glucose, insulin, total antioxidant power (TAP), using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid peroxidation (using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Oral administration of PPE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg once a day for 10 days resulted in a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and an increase in serum insulin levels, in comparison with diabetic control group. It also prevented diabetes-induced loss in body weight. Hepatic TAP increased and TBARS decreased following PPE treatments. The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg increased the activity of hepatic SOD, CAT, and GPx in diabetic rats. It is concluded that PPE has antidiabetic potential that is comparable with glibenclamide. In conclusion, the results of the present study show positive effects of P. persica on experimental diabetes and thus the antidiabetic effect of PPE is related to its potential to inhibit hepatocellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sarkhail
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Miroliaee AE, Esmaily H, Vaziri-Bami A, Baeeri M, Shahverdi AR, Abdollahi M. Amelioration of experimental colitis by a novel nanoselenium-silymarin mixture. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:200-8. [PMID: 21247366 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.547887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silymarin has intracellular antioxidant property and inhibits activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in low concentrations and reduces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 levels, cyclooxygenase (COX), and angiogenesis. Selenium is one of the necessary trace element nutrients for human and animals. Selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) have more bioavailability with less toxicity. AIMS To investigate the combination effect of silymarin and nano-Se on inhibition of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the experimental colitis. METHODS Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis. After TNBS instillation, rats were distributed into six groups, containing silymarin and nano-Se alone or in combination, dexamethasone, negative control with no treatment and the last one was normal sham rats. All drugs were administered for 7 days. Colon samples were scored macroscopically and microscopically. The levels of activated NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC), and the antioxidant power of the colon homogenates were determined. RESULT A significant decrease in NF-κB activity in treated groups was observed. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, lipid peroxidation, and PC were reduced and an improvement in antioxidant power of treated groups was seen. Combination of silymarin and nano-Se were more effective than each one alone in improvement of NF-κB, TNF-α, antioxidant power, and lipid peroxidation values, although this difference was not significant in other factors. CONCLUSION Co-administration of silymarin and nano-Se with a good antioxidant profile and inhibition of NF-κB is a possible candidate for better management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ebrahim Miroliaee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Barkhordari K, Karimi A, Shafiee A, Soltaninia H, Khatami MR, Abbasi K, Yousefshahi F, Haghighat B, Brown V. Effect of pentoxifylline on preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery by measuring urinary neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 6:8. [PMID: 21247431 PMCID: PMC3037303 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria, we considered acute kidney injury (AKI) as an absolute increase in the serum creatinine (sCr) level of more than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl or 50%. The introduction of Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (UNGAL) has conferred earlier diagnosis of AKI. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, can suppress the production of some factors of inflammatory response and presumably prevent AKI. We examined the PTX on the development of AKI in cardiac surgery patients by measuring the levels of UNGAL. Materials and methods We performed a double blind randomized clinical trial, enrolling 28 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, one to receive PTX 5 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection, followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h continuous intravenous infusion until 3 hours after cessation of CPB and the other group received placebo. UNGAL was measured before, 3 and 24 hours after surgery. In addition serum creatinine was measured before and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after surgery and C-reactive protein (CRP) only 24 hours postoperatively. Results Both groups did not differ in demographic and baseline characteristics. 12 patients developed AKI 48 hours after surgery; 5 of them were in the intervention group and 7 in the control group (p= 0.445). There was an increase of UNGAL in both groups postoperatively, although not significant. Mean sCr was significantly increased in the control group at 24 and 48 hours after surgery (24-h mean: 0.79 ± 0.18 mg/dl vs. 1.03 ± 0.43 mg/dl, P value = 0.02; 48-h mean: 1.17 ± 0.24 mg/dl vs. 0.98 ± 0.20 mg/dl, P value = 0.03, respectively). PTX had a positive effect in preventing AKI reflecting in changes in sCr, and the increase of UNGAL was consistent with the emergence of AKI (Pearson's correlation = 0.30). Conclusion Our study demonstrates a weak correlation between UNGAL and sCr after cardiac surgery. The rise of UNGAL in these patients may be reduced by administration of PTX although we did not show significance. PTX could reduce the occurrence of AKI as determined by attenuation of sCr rise without causing hemodynamic instability or increased bleeding. Overall, we suggest future studies with larger sample sizes to elucidate this effect and determine the different aspects of administrating PTX. Trial Registration ISRCTN: IRCT138807302622N1
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosro Barkhordari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Vosough-Ghanbari S, Rahimi R, Kharabaf S, Zeinali S, Mohammadirad A, Amini S, Yasa N, Salehnia A, Toliat T, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. Effects of Satureja khuzestanica on Serum Glucose, Lipids and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2010; 7:465-70. [PMID: 18955324 PMCID: PMC2892343 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Satureja khuzestanica is an endemic plant of Iran that is widely distributed in the Southern part of the country. It has antioxidant properties and thus it seems to be useful in diseases related to oxidative stress such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The present study investigates the effect of S. khuzestanica supplement in metabolic parameters of hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-one hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized in a double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial to receive either S. khuzestanica (tablets contain 250 mg dried leaves) or placebo once a day for 60 days. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study. Samples were analyzed for levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as marker of lipid peroxidation and ferric reducing ability (total antioxidant power, TAP). Treatment of patients by S. khuzestanica for 60 days induced significant decrease in total cholesterol (P = 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.03) while increased HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and TAP (P = 0.007) in comparison with the baseline values. S. khuzestanica did not alter blood glucose, triglyceride, creatinin and TBARS levels. In comparison with baseline values, no significant change was observed in blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, TBARS and TAP in placebo-treated group. Usage of S. khuzestanica as a supplement to drug regimen of diabetic type 2 patients with hyperlipidemia is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Vosough-Ghanbari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Kharabaf
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Zeinali
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Amini
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nargues Yasa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alinazar Salehnia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Toliat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC) and Faculty of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center (MPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Drug Selecting Committee, Food and Drug Organization, and Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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Mohseni-Salehi-Monfared SS, Habibollahzadeh E, Sadeghi H, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Efficacy of Setarud (IMOD™), a novel electromagnetically-treated multi-herbal compound, in mouse immunogenic type-1 diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:663-9. [PMID: 22419922 PMCID: PMC3298332 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of Setarud (IMOD™) as a multi-herbal medicinal formula on a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. METERIAL AND METHODS: Autoimmune diabetes was induced by multiple low-dose intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) for five consecutive days. IMOD™ was administered at an effective dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days. After 21 days of treatment, the pancreases of the animals were separated and homogenized. In the pancreas tissue, the level of lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant power as ferric reducing ability of pancreas (FRAP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. Glucose changes were tested in the blood. Microscopic changes in the pancreas were followed by histological examinations. RESULTS No significant difference was found between IMOD™ and diabetic control groups in blood glucose pattern. STZ-exposed mice showed a significant increase in pancreatic TBARS, MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, along with a significant decrease in FRAP value. Co-administration of IMOD™ significantly improved all the mentioned parameters disrupted by STZ administration except for blood glucose and histological changes. CONCLUSION IMOD™ could ameliorate oxidative and immunological distresses of type-1 immunogenic diabetes but could not normalize blood glucose. Further studies are recommended to clarify the effects of IMOD™ on immunological factors to address whether this new agent could be applied in diabetes prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajad Mohseni-Salehi-Monfared
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebad Habibollahzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Sadeghi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Ranjbar A, Ghahremani MH, Sharifzadeh M, Golestani A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Protection by pentoxifylline of malathion-induced toxic stress and mitochondrial damage in rat brain. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:851-64. [PMID: 20194575 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110363836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of pentoxifylline as a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor on malathion-induced oxidative damage to rat brain mitochondria. METHODS Rats received malathion (200 mg/kg/day) and pentoxifylline (PTX, 50 mg/kg/day) in combination or alone. Alpha-tocopherol (AT, 15 mg/kg/day) was used as a positive standard. After 1 week of treatment, blood, whole brain tissue, and brain mitochondria were isolated. The activity of enzymatic scavengers such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were measured. The extents of cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrotyrosine (NOx), and the ratio of reduced versus oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were determined. The protein expression of MnSOD was determined in brain mitochondria. RESULTS Malathion stimulated activities of CAT, Cu/ZnSOD, GPx, and increased LPO and NOx, and decreased GSH/GSSG in whole brain homogenate. The changes in CAT, LPO, GPx, and GSH/GSSG were restored by PTX and AT. In plasma samples, malathion increased CAT, Cu/ZnSOD, and GPx activities, increased LPO, and decreased GSH/GSSG, while PTX and AT attenuated malathion-induced changes in GPx, Cu/ZnSOD, LPO, and GSH/GSSG. In brain mitochondria, malathion enhanced LPO, NOx, CAT, GPx, and MnSOD and decreased GSH/GSSG as compared to controls, whereas PTX and AT restored malathion-induced changes in GSH/GSSG, NOx, GPx, and CAT. Malathion noticeably enhanced expression of MnSOD protein as compared to controls. Malathion decreased viability of mitochondria that was recovered by AT. It is concluded that oxidative damage is at least in part the mechanism of toxicity of malathion in the mitochondria that can be recovered by PTX comparable to AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ranjbar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vakilian K, Ranjbar A, Zarganjfard A, Mortazavi M, Vosough-Ghanbari S, Mashaiee S, Abdollahi M. On the relation of oxidative stress in delivery mode in pregnant women; a toxicological concern. Toxicol Mech Methods 2009; 19:94-9. [PMID: 19778252 DOI: 10.1080/15376510802232134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effect two modes of labor (vaginal delivery and elective cesarean section) on thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as markers of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant power (ferric reducing ability, TAP), and total thiol molecules (TTM) in blood of mothers and their newborns. One hundred and twenty women with normal pregnancy and normal blood biochemical parameters were divided into groups of vaginal delivery (VD) and elective cesarean surgery (ECS). Blood samples were obtained firstly in the time 37-40 weeks of pregnancy and secondly during labor phase for VD or during ECS. Blood samples from umbilical cord arterial of newborns were also obtained at birth after separation of cord. Plasma levels of TBARS, TAP, and TTM were determined. There was no significant differences between VD and ECS mothers before labor in plasma levels of TBARS, TTM, and TAP. Mothers in the VD group showed a significant increase in TBARS (p < 0.05) after delivery. And TTM level showed a significant increase in ECS group (p < 0.05) as compared to pre-delivery levels. Comparing oxidative stress variables between VD and ECS groups after labor, plasma levels of TBARS, and TTM significantly increased (p < 0.05) in VD mothers. TAP was not significantly different between VD and ECS groups. Newborn of VD mothers showed a significant increase in TBARS (p < 0.05), and TAP (p < 0.05) as compared to newborn of ECS. TTM was not significantly different between two groups of newborns. The results indicate that mothers in VD and their newborns are in more oxidative stress than those who underwent ECS for delivery. Linking oxidative stress to severe neonatal diseases, it may be reasonable to assess whether antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the frequency of neonatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayun Vakilian
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Kumral A, Ozkan H, Duman N, Yesilirmak DC, Islekel H, Ozalp Y. Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor. Pediatr Res 2009; 66:218-21. [PMID: 19617811 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181ac4a30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternal milk plays an important role in breast milk jaundice (BMJ) development and is the major source of epidermal growth factor (EGF) for neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between EGF levels in the infant serum and in the milk of nursing mothers and BMJ. Two groups were defined: study group (n = 30), newborns who were followed up for BMJ without any identifiable pathologic cause; control group, healthy newborns whose serum total bilirubin levels were <10 mg/dL. Milk and infant plasma samples were collected between the third and the fourth postpartum week. EGF concentrations in all of the samples were determined by using ELISA. The infants with BMJ had higher concentrations of EGF in the serum and in the breast milk compared with that of the infants without BMJ. The milk concentrations of EGF were significantly correlated with neonatal bilirubin and blood EGF concentrations. The degree of BMJ was associated with the increased levels of milk borne EGF. Although the exact mechanisms of the hyperbilirubinemic action of EGF are not completely known, the inhibition of gastric motility, increased absorption, and activation of bilirubin transport have been suggested as possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kumral
- Department of Neonatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35340 Turkey
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Rezvanfar MA, Farshid AA, Sadrkhanlou RA, Ahmadi A, Rezvanfar MA, Salehnia A, Abdollahi M. Benefit of Satureja khuzestanica in subchronically rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:323-30. [PMID: 19553095 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) as a widely used antineoplastic drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) mainly via induction of oxidative stress. Regarding established antioxidant potential of Satureja khuzestanica (Lamiaceae) essential oil (SKEO), we aimed to investigate its protective effects in a subchronic rat model of CP-induced HC. CP (6mg/kg/day) and SKEO (225mg/kg/day) were administered alone or in combination by gavage for 28 days. Histopathological changes were investigated by light microscopy. Plasma samples were assayed for lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant power as biomarkers of toxic stress. In the CP-treated animals, irregular mucus layer, severe hemorrhage and edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and accumulation of mast cells were observed. In the CP+SKEO group, a relatively normal urothelial topography with decreased number of mucosal mast cells and inflammatory cells were observed. Increased lipid peroxidation along with decreased total antioxidant capacity resulting from CP treatment was significantly recovered by SKEO co-treatment. It is concluded that SKEO protects rats from CP-induced HC by reduction of free radical-induced toxic stress. It is strongly recommended to examine SKEO in the clinic to approve its benefit in patients undertaking CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran
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Comparative Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers, Autonomic Nervous System Blockers, and Free Radical Scavengers On Diazinon-Induced Hyposecretion Of Insulin From Isolated Islets of Langerhans in Rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2009; 60:157-64. [DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers, Autonomic Nervous System Blockers, and Free Radical Scavengers On Diazinon-Induced Hyposecretion Of Insulin From Isolated Islets of Langerhans in RatsHyperglycaemia has been observed with exposure to organophosphate insecticides. This study was designed to compare the effects of calcium channel blockers, alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, and muscarinic receptor blockers, and of free radical scavengers on insulin secretion from diazinon-treated islets of Langerhans isolated from the pancreas of rats using standard collagenase digestion, separation by centrifugation, and hand-picking technique. The islets were then cultured in an incubator at 37 °C and 5 % CO2. In each experimental set 1 mL of 8 mmol L-1 glucose plus 125 μg mL-1 or 625 μg mL-1 of diazinon were added, except for the control group, which received 8 mmol L-1 glucose alone. The cultures were then treated with one of the following: 30 μmol L-1 atropine, 100 μmol L-1 ACh + 10 μmol L-1 neostigmine, 0.1 μmol L-1 propranolol, 2 μmol L-1 nifedipine, 50 μmol L-1 phenoxybenzamine, or 10 μmol L-1 alphatocopherol. In all experiments, diazinon significantly reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at both doses, showing no dose dependency, as the average inhibition for the lower dose was 62.20 % and for the higher dose 64.38 %. Acetylcholine and alpha-tocopherol restored, whereas atropine potentiated diazinon-induced hyposecretion of insulin. Alpha-, beta- and calcium channel blockers did not change diazinon-induced effects. These findings suggest that diazinon affects insulin secretion mainly by disturbing the balance between free radicals and antioxidants in the islets of Langerhans and by inducing toxic stress.
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Laczy B, Cseh J, Mohás M, Markó L, Tamaskó M, Koszegi T, Molnár GA, Wagner Z, Wagner L, Wittmann I. Effects of pentoxifylline and pentosan polysulphate combination therapy on diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2009; 46:105-11. [PMID: 18839054 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-008-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction, including impaired perfusion has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Both pentoxifylline (PF) and pentosan polysulphate (PPS) are known to improve microcirculation. Antioxidant and antiproteinuric effects of PF are also known. In a placebo-controlled study, we determined the possible efficacy of PF-PPS combination therapy on diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients in Verum group (n = 77) received PF-PPS infusions (100-100 mg/day) for 5 days. Control diabetics (Placebo group; n = 12) were given only saline infusions. Specialized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests, vibration threshold values and urinary albumin excretion were assessed before and after therapy. In Verum group, autonomic score, indicating the severity of cardiac autonomic dysfunction, decreased after therapy (p < or = 0.001). Of the reflexes, deep breath and handgrip tests also improved after therapy (p < or = 0.001). Vibration threshold values, an indicator of the loss of sensory nerve function, were increased after therapy (p < or = 0.001). Results of cardiac autonomic tests and vibration threshold values remained unaltered in Placebo group. Majority of patients had normalbuminuria, which was not affected by PF-PPS. In conclusion, short-term PF-PPS therapy was effective on cardiovascular autonomic function and vibration perception, whereas it failed to reduce albuminuria within normal range in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Laczy
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrological Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pacsirta u. 1., 7624, Pecs, Hungary
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Monfared SSMS, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. Islet transplantation and antioxidant management: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:1153-61. [PMID: 19291814 PMCID: PMC2658860 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation as a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes has received widespread attention. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in cell injury during islet isolation and transplantation procedures. Antioxidants have been used in various studies to improve islet transplantation procedures. The present study reviews the role of oxidative stress and the benefits of antioxidants in islet transplantation procedures. The bibliographical databases Pubmed and Scopus were searched up to November 2008. All relevant human and animal in-vivo and in-vitro studies, which investigated antioxidants on islets, were included. Almost all the tested antioxidants used in the in-vitro studies enhanced islet viability and insulin secretion. Better control of blood glucose after transplantation was the major outcome of antioxidant therapy in all in-vivo studies. The data also indicated that antioxidants improved islet transplantation procedures. Although there is still insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of individual supplements, the benefits of antioxidants in islet isolation procedures cannot be ignored.
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Bruno RDB, Marques TF, Batista TMT, Lima JCSS, de Arruda KG, Lima PFSF, Santos NDS, Cunha GM, Vitor HVN, Viana GSDB. Pentoxifylline treatment improves neurological and neurochemical deficits in rats subjected to transient brain ischemia. Brain Res 2009; 1260:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Soleimani H, Ranjbar A, Baeeri M, Mohammadirad A, Khorasani R, Yasa N, Abdollahi M. Rat Plasma Oxidation Status After Nigella Sativa L. Botanical Treatment in CCL4-Treated Rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 18:725-31. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510802232233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Soleimani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narguess Yasa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amirkabirian N, Teimouri F, Esmaily H, Mohammadirad A, Aliahmadi A, Abdollahi M. Protection by Pentoxifylline of Diazinon-Induced Toxic Stress in Rat Liver and Muscle. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 17:215-21. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510600943783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ansari G, Mojtahedzadeh M, Kajbaf F, Najafi A, Khajavi MR, Khalili H, Rouini MR, Ahmadi H, Abdollahi M. How does blood glucose control with metformin influence intensive insulin protocols? Evidence for involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Adv Ther 2008; 25:681-702. [PMID: 18636232 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-008-0075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent investigations have revealed that control of hyperglycaemia with insulin improves outcomes. The cornerstone of hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients is insulin resistance and it remains refractory to intensive insulin protocols. We designed this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new intensive insulin therapy (IIT) protocol combined with metformin. METHODS Twenty-one patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and a blood glucose level of >120 mg/dl admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) were randomised to receive either intravenous infusion of IIT alone (n=11) or combined with metformin (IIT+MET; n=10) to maintain a blood glucose level (BGL) of 80-120 mg/dl. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 48 hours, 96 hours and 7 days after initiation of the study. Samples were analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) as inflammatory mediators; plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a coagulation mediator; and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant power (TAP) and total thiol molecules (TTM) as oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS The addition of metformin to the IIT protocol decreased insulin requirement and concentration of insulin and C-peptide. With both treatments at most time points, the mean plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, NO, PAI-1 and TBARS were found to be significantly lower compared with baseline. Antioxidant activity was increased in both arms with increasing TAP and TTM (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding reported beneficial effects on these parameters. Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) score, an index of nursing workload and number of therapeutic interventions, decreased in the IIT+MET group (P<0.01). We did not observe any occurrence of hyperlactataemia or acidosis in the IIT+MET group. CONCLUSION Metformin plus insulin appears to lower the incidence of insulin resistance, lower insulin requirement while maintaining blood glucose level control, and consequently lower the incidence of adverse effects related to high-dose insulin therapy, particularly hypoglycaemia, and also declined nursing workload. Both treatment protocols showed improvements in inflammatory cytokine levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to determine the undiscovered facts of insulin-sensitising agents in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Ansari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that capillary occlusion plays an important part in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Disaggregants, such as pentoxyfilline may influence the outcome and progression of diabetic retinopathy, but no systematic review of the literature on its efficacy and safety has been published to examine this hypothesis. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current research was to review the literature in a systematic way in order to assess the effects of pentoxyfilline for diabetic retinopathy in methodologically robust trials. The null hypothesis was that pentoxyfilline has no influence on the progression of diabetic retinopathy or blindness. SEARCH STRATEGY A systematic search of electronic databases was carried out to identify publications. Relevant papers, written in any language, were accessed and assessed for data. SELECTION CRITERIA Only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of pentoxyfilline in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion criteria and for risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS A total of 97 publications were identified by the electronic search and two authors checked the abstracts. Of these, 17 were identified as potentially relevant trials providing information about treatment of patients with diabetic retinopathy using pentoxyfilline and were read in full. Unfortunately, no publication fulfilled our inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No sound research to date has examined the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with pentoxyfilline in such a way as to indicate whether this form of intervention has a significant impact on the natural history of this clinical condition. The potential role of this substance in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy remains open to debate, and it is suggested that future research focusing on patient-relevant outcomes takes the opportunity of addressing this important issue directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Lopes de Jesus
- Brazilian Cochrane Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 598, São Paulo, Brazil, 04039-001.
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. MB, . NY, . AM, . RK, . MA. On the Anti Oxidative Stress Potential of Zataria multiflora Boiss (Avishan shirazi) in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2007.510.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carroll JS, Ku CJ, Karunarathne W, Spence DM. Red blood cell stimulation of platelet nitric oxide production indicated by quantitative monitoring of the communication between cells in the bloodstream. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5133-8. [PMID: 17580956 DOI: 10.1021/ac0706271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ATP is a recognized stimulus of nitric oxide synthase and is released from red blood cells (RBCs) upon deformation. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that RBCs stimulate nitric oxide production in platelets by employing a continuous flow analysis system in which the stream contains both RBCs and platelets. Here, two drugs known to improve blood flow in vivo (pentoxyfilline and iloprost) are shown to increase both the release of RBC-derived ATP and the production of platelet-derived NO. A flow-based chemiluminescence assay (in vitro) was employed to quantitatively determine the amount of ATP released from erythrocytes subjected to flow-induced deformation. Prior to being subjected to flow, erythrocytes were incubated in the absence or presence of 4.8 microM pentoxyfilline or 80 nM iloprost. Erythrocytes obtained from rabbits (n=22) that were subjected to flow released 239 +/- 29 nM ATP. When treated with pentoxyfilline, the ATP released from the flowing RBCs increased to 450 +/- 94 nM ATP. An increase in RBC-derived ATP was also measured for iloprost-incubated RBCs in flow (362 +/- 45 nM ATP). Importantly, platelets that were loaded with diaminofluorofluorescein diacetate, an intracellular fluorescence probe for NO, exhibited increases in fluorescence intensity by 16% in the presence of RBCs treated with pentoxyfilline and a 10% increase when treated with iloprost. When the ATP release from the RBCs was inhibited with glybenclamide, the platelet fluorescence intensity decreased by 25 and 51% for RBCs incubated with pentoxyfilline and iloprost, respectively. In an experiment not involving the RBC, inhibition of the P2x receptor on the platelets (an ATP receptor) resulted in no increase in platelet NO production, suggesting that the NO production in the activated platelet is due to ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Yousefzadeh G, Larijani B, Mohammadirad A, Heshmat R, Dehghan G, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M. Determination of oxidative stress status and concentration of TGF-beta 1 in the blood and saliva of osteoporotic subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1091:142-50. [PMID: 17341610 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1378.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary reports indicate the influence of oxidative stress and interleukins, particularly TGF-beta1, in maintenance of bone mass. This study was designed to determine any possible variations of cellular lipid peroxidation, the total antioxidant power, and concentration of TGF-beta1 in blood and saliva of osteoporotic subjects in comparison to healthy people. Blood and saliva samples of 22 osteoporotic women and 22 age-matched healthy women were collected. Samples were analyzed for thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing ability (total antioxidant power, TAP), and concentration of TGF-beta1. The blood and saliva TAP (mean +/- SD) of osteoporotic subjects was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (606.65 +/- 119.13 vs. 665.64 +/- 63.73 mmol/L and 560.43 +/- 84.70 vs. 612.05 +/- 81.5, respectively). Blood and saliva TBARS (mean +/- SD) of osteoporotic subjects were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (0.30 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.04 and 0.23 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.04 micromol/L, respectively). Concentrations of TGF-beta1 (mean +/- SD) in plasma and saliva of osteoporotic subjects were not different in comparison to healthy subjects. Results indicate that persons with osteoporosis have an increased oxidative stress that is not accompanied by changes in TGF-beta1 levels. Use of supplementary antioxidants in osteoporotic patients may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Yousefzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
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Ranjbar A, Khorami S, Safarabadi M, Shahmoradi A, Malekirad AA, Vakilian K, Mandegary A, Abdollahi M. Antioxidant Activity of Iranian Echium amoenum Fisch & C.A. Mey Flower Decoction in Humans: A cross-sectional Before/After Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2006; 3:469-73. [PMID: 17173110 PMCID: PMC1697746 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants that can protect from biological system oxidative stress. The present cross-sectional before/after clinical trial was carried out to investigate the antioxidant properties of the decoction of the flowers of Echium amoenum Fisch & C.A. Mey in humans. A group of 38 healthy subjects was invited to use the E. amoenum (7 mg kg(-1)) twice daily for 14 days. Blood samples before and after entering the study were measured for lipid peroxidation level (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total thiol (SH) molecules. A significant reduction of blood LPO (24.65 +/- 11.3 versus 19.05 +/- 9.7, P = 0.029) was observed after 14 days of E. amoenum consumption. Blood TAC (1.46 +/- 0.51 versus 1.70 +/- 0.36, P = 0.018) and total thiol molecules (0.49 +/- 0.11 versus 0.56 +/- 0.12, P = 0.001) increased after 14 days of E. amoenum consumption. In conclusion, this antioxidative stress potential of E. amoenum may be due to its bioactive antioxidant components, especially rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. In recent years the importance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of many human disorders has been confirmed, thus use of this plant as a dietary supplement is highly recommended.
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Hadjibabaie M, Gholami K, Khalili H, Khoei SH, Nakhjavani M, Rayati K, Tohidi A, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M. Comparative efficacy and safety of atorvastatin, simvastatin and lovastatin in the management of dyslipidemic Type 2 diabetic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/14750708.3.6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Nakhai LA, Mohammadirad A, Yasa N, Minaie B, Nikfar S, Ghazanfari G, Zamani MJ, Dehghan G, Jamshidi H, Boushehri VS, Khorasani R, Abdollahi M. Benefits of Zataria multiflora Boiss in Experimental Model of Mouse Inflammatory Bowel Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 4:43-50. [PMID: 17342240 PMCID: PMC1810372 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of total extract from Zataria multiflora Boiss, a folk medicinal plant on prevention and treatment of experimental IBD. Z. multiflora was administered (400, 600, 900 p.p.m.) through drinking water to IBD mice induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid. Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic examinations of colon were performed. Biochemical evaluation of inflamed colon was done using assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration as indicators of free radical activity and cell lipid peroxidation. The activity of MPO and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) increased in acetic acid-treated groups while recovered by pretreatment of animals with Z. multiflora (400–900 p.p.m.) and prednisolone. Z. multiflora (600 and 900 p.p.m.) and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared with the acetic acid-treated group. The beneficial effect of Z. multiflora (900 p.p.m.) was comparable with that of prednisolone. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials of Z. multiflora might be the mechanisms by which this herbal extract protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ashtaral Nakhai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Yasa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Minaie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Ghazanfari
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Zamani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamshidi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Shetab Boushehri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center and Laboratory of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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