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Silina MV, Dzhalilova DS, Makarova OV. Role of MicroRNAs in Regulation of Cellular Response to Hypoxia. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:741-757. [PMID: 37748871 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923060032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia causes changes in transcription of the genes that contribute to adaptation of the cells to low levels of oxygen. The main mechanism regulating cellular response to hypoxia is activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF), which include several isoforms and control expression of more than a thousand genes. HIF activity is regulated at various levels, including by small non-coding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs regulate cellular response to hypoxia by influencing activation of HIF, its degradation, and translation of HIF-dependent proteins. At the same time, HIFs also affect miRNAs biogenesis. Data on the relationship of a particular HIF isoform with miRNAs are contradictory, since studies have been performed using different cell lines, various types of experimental animals and clinical material, as well as at different oxygen concentrations and durations of hypoxic exposure. In addition, HIF expression may be affected by the initial resistance of organisms to lack of oxygen, which has not been taken into account in the studies. This review analyzes the data on the effect of hypoxia on biogenesis and functioning of miRNAs, as well as on the effect of miRNAs on mRNAs of the genes involved in adaptation to oxygen deficiency. Understanding the mechanisms of relationship between HIF, hypoxia, and miRNA is necessary to develop new approaches to personalized therapy for diseases accompanied by oxygen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Silina
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, 117418, Russia.
| | - Dzhuliia Sh Dzhalilova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, 117418, Russia
| | - Olga V Makarova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, 117418, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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2
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Ganguly A, Mandi M, Dutta A, Rajak P. In Silico Analysis Reveals the Inhibitory Potential of Madecassic Acid against Entry Factors of SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:652-662. [PMID: 36608326 PMCID: PMC9844099 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the ongoing global health emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The virus is highly contagious, affecting millions of people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2, with its trimeric spike glycoprotein, interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and other co-receptors like basigin to invade the host cell. Moreover, certain host proteases like transmembrane serine proteases, furin, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), and endosomal cathepsins are involved in the priming of spike glycoproteins at the S1/S2 interface. This is critical for the entry of viral genome and its replication in the host cytoplasm. Vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs have been developed to overcome the infection. Nonetheless, the frequent emergence of mutant variants of the virus has imposed serious concerns regarding the efficacy of therapeutic agents, including vaccines that were developed for previous strains. Thus, screening and development of pharmaceutical agents with multi-target potency could be a better choice to restrain SARS-CoV-2 infection. Madecassic acid (MDCA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in Centella asiatica. It has multiple medicinal properties like anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic potential. However, its implication as an anti- SARS-CoV-2 agent is still obscure. Hence, in the present in silico study, the binding affinities of MDCA for spike proteins, their receptors, and proteases were investigated. Results indicated that MDCA interacts with ligand-binding pockets of the spike receptor binding domain, ACE2, basigin, and host proteases, viz. transmembrane serine proteinase, furin, NRP1, and endosomal cathepsins, with greater affinities. Moreover, the MDCA-protein interface was strengthened by prominent hydrogen bonds and several hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, MDCA could be a promising multi-target therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhratanu Ganguly
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul
University, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal713340,
India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Department of Zoology, The University of
Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal713104,
India
| | - Anik Dutta
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology,
Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal734104,
India
| | - Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul
University, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal713340,
India
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3
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Circ_0078767 Inhibits the Progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Regulating the GPX3 Expression by Adsorbing miR-665. Int J Genomics 2022; 2022:6361256. [PMID: 35340708 PMCID: PMC8948607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6361256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most serious cancers. The circular RNA_0078767 (circ_0078767) expression was decreased in NSCLC tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of circ_0078767 remains unknown. The expression of circ_0078767, microRNA-665 (miR-665), and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected by colony formation assay and transwell assay, respectively. The lactate production and glucose consumption were tested by glycolysis. Western blot examined the protein levels of hexokinase-2 (HK2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and GPX3 cells. Circinteractome predicted the relationship between miR-665 and circ_0078767 or GPX3 and was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays. The xenotransplantation model was established to study the role of circ_0078767 in vivo. The expression of circ_0078767 and GPX3 was decreased in NSCLC tissues, while the expression of miR-665 was increased. Circ_0078767 can sponge miR-665, and GPX3 is the target of miR-665. In vitro complement experiments showed that knockdown of circ_0078767 significantly promoted malignant behavior of NSCLC, while cotransfection of miR-665 inhibitor partially reduced this change. In addition, the GPX3 overexpression decreased the promoting effects of miR-665 upregulation on proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mechanically, circ_0078767 regulates the GPX3 expression in NSCLC cells by spongy miR-665. In addition, in vivo studies have shown that downregulation of circ_0078767 promotes tumor growth. Circ_0078767 silencing promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of NSCLC cells by regulating the miR-665/GPX3 axis, suggesting that circ_0078767/miR-665/GPX3 axis may be a potential regulatory mechanism for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Fujimori H, Ohba T, Mikami M, Nakamura S, Ito K, Kojima H, Takahashi T, Iddamalgoda A, Shimazawa M, Hara H. The protective effect of Centella asiatica and its constituent, araliadiol on neuronal cell damage and cognitive impairment. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:162-171. [PMID: 34924122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, and the number of affected individuals has increased worldwide. However, there are no effective treatments for AD. Therefore, it is important to prevent the onset of dementia. Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are increased in the brains of AD patients, and are postulated to induce neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction. In this study, Centella asiatica, a traditional Indian medicinal herb, were fractionated and compared for their protective effects against glutamate and tunicamycin damage. Araliadiol was identified as a component from the fraction with the highest activity. Further, murine hippocampal cells (HT22) were damaged by glutamate, an oxidative stress inducer. C. asiatica and araliadiol suppressed cell death and reactive oxygen species production. HT22 cells were also injured by tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer. C. asiatica and araliadiol prevented cell death by mainly inhibiting PERK phosphorylation; additionally, C. asiatica also suppressed the expression levels of GRP94 and BiP. In Y-maze test, oral administration of araliadiol (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days ameliorated the arm alternation ratio in mice with scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. These results suggest that C. asiatica and its active component, araliadiol, have neuroprotective effects, which may prevent cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Fujimori
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohba
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Arunasiri Iddamalgoda
- Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan; Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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5
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Madecassic acid protects human periodontal ligament fibroblasts against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Biswas D, Mandal S, Chatterjee Saha S, Tudu CK, Nandy S, Batiha GES, Shekhawat MS, Pandey DK, Dey A. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6624-6654. [PMID: 34463404 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of different health problems and as an edible vegetable in a regular diet. Ease of availability in the wide range of environmental conditions plus low-cost cultivation process has made the plant popular in ethno-medicinal healthcare systems. In the present review, phytochemical analysis of plant-extract and pharmacological activities of bioactive-compounds are discussed based upon the available reports to understand their therapeutic potentialities along with the mechanisms behind. The results exhibited that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids demonstrated an array of pharmacological effects and health benefits, some of which were confirmed in many preclinical and clinical studies. Those reports also provided considerable evidences in support of the principles of folk treatment in different countries. Increase and maintenance of the prospective plant secondary metabolites would provide an enriched resource of drug molecules. Development of suitable derivatives of the therapeutic compounds can give an assurance for getting more effective drug candidates with reduced side effects. The review also enumerates the application of advanced nanotechnology, toxicology, and clinical-trial reports on the plant with notes on the shortcomings in the present research and future perspectives of using this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dew Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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7
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Shi X, Dong N, Qiu Q, Li S, Zhang J. Salidroside Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Damage Via miR-138/ROBO4 Axis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:25. [PMID: 34269814 PMCID: PMC8297420 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinopathies are associated with the injury of retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Salidroside (SAL) is a medicinal supplement that has antioxidative and cytoprotective properties. We hypothesized that SAL might have a protective function in retinopathies. This research aims to explore the function and mechanism of SAL in hypoxia-induced retinal microvascular endothelial cell injury. Methods Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) injury was induced by culturing under hypoxic condition. The function of SAL on HRMECs injury was investigated using cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. MicroRNA (miR)-138, roundabout 4 (ROBO4), and proteins in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. The target correlation was determined by dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results Hypoxia resulted in proliferation inhibition, cycle arrest, apoptosis, inflammatory reaction, and oxidative stress in HRMECs. SAL attenuated hypoxia-induced HRMECs injury via increasing cell proliferation, and mitigating cycle arrest, apoptosis, inflammatory reaction, and oxidative stress. MiR-138 expression was enhanced by hypoxia, and decreased via SAL stimulation. MiR-138 upregulation reversed the influence of SAL on hypoxia-induced HRMECs injury. ROBO4 was targeted via miR-138. ROBO4 overexpression weakened the role of miR-138 in HRMECs injury. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was inactivated under hypoxic condition, and SAL increased the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways by decreasing miR-138. Conclusions SAL protected against hypoxia-induced HRMECs injury through regulating miR-138/ROBO4 axis, indicating the protective potential of SAL in retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Shi
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Nuo Dong
- Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shanhua Li
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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8
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Wong JH, Barron AM, Abdullah JM. Mitoprotective Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.: Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687935. [PMID: 34267660 PMCID: PMC8275827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a crucial source of drug discovery for accessible and affordable solutions for healthy aging. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (CA) is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of ethnomedicinal uses. Past in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the plant extract and its key components, such as asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and madecassoside, exhibit a range of anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cognitive benefits mechanistically linked to mitoprotective and antioxidant properties of the plant. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key drivers of aging and neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Here we appraise the growing body of evidence that the mitoprotective and antioxidative effects of CA may potentially be harnessed for the treatment of brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Wong
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna M Barron
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Brain & Behaviour Cluster and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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9
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Cheng Z, Li Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Ali Y, Shu W, Zhang T, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. The Potential Application of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Diseases. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:511-527. [PMID: 33761574 DOI: 10.1055/a-1377-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness but some lack effective treatments. New therapies are required urgently to better manage retinal diseases. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoids and their derivatives have a wide range of activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, and antiangiogenic properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids have great potential in preventing and/or treating retinal pathologies. The pharmacological effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids are often mediated through the modulation of signalling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, high-mobility group box protein 1, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo evidence for the pharmacological potential of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases. The present literature supports the further development of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Future research should now attempt to improve the efficacy and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the agents, possibly by the use of medicinal chemistry and targeted drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Cheng
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youmna Ali
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Guo Y, Zhang C, Wang C, Huang Y, Liu J, Chu H, Ren X, Kong L, Ma H. Thioredoxin-1 Is a Target to Attenuate Alzheimer-Like Pathology in Diabetic Encephalopathy by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651105. [PMID: 34079471 PMCID: PMC8166324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Varying degrees of central nervous system neuropathy induced by diabetes mellitus (DM) contribute to a cognitive disorder known as diabetic encephalopathy (DE), which is also one of the independent risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of DE and AD. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate whether thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) could alleviate DE and AD through ERS, oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis signaling pathways. Mice were randomly divided into a wild-type group (WT-NC), a streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DM group (WT-DM), a Trx-1-TG group (TG-NC) and a Trx-1-TG DM group (TG-DM). Diabetic animals showed an increase in the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings as well as AD-like behavior in the water maze experiment. The immunocontent of the AD-related protein Tau and the levels of cell apoptosis, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque formation and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus of the diabetic group were increased. Some key factors associated with ERS, such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were upregulated, and other factors related to anti-oxidant stress, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), were downregulated in the DM group. Moreover, DM caused an increase in the immunocontents of caspase-3 and caspase-12. However, these changes were reversed in the Trx-1-tg DM group. Therefore, we conclude that Trx-1 might be a key factor in alleviating DE and AD by regulating ERS and oxidative stress response, thus preventing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Chu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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11
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Zweig JA, Brandes MS, Brumbach BH, Caruso M, Wright KM, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Loss of NRF2 accelerates cognitive decline, exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, and is required for the cognitive enhancing effects of Centella asiatica during aging. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 100:48-58. [PMID: 33486357 PMCID: PMC7920997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) improves cognitive and mitochondrial function and activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulated antioxidant response pathway in aged mice. Here we investigate whether NRF2 activation is required for the cognitive and mitochondrial effects of prolonged CAW exposure during aging. Five-month-old NRF2 knockout (NRF2KO) and wild-type mice were treated with CAW for 1, 7, or 13 months. Each cohort underwent cognitive testing and hippocampal mitochondrial analyses. Age-related cognitive decline was accelerated in NRF2KO mice and while CAW treatment improved cognitive performance in wild-type mice, it had no effect on NRF2KO animals. Hippocampal mitochondrial function also declined further with age in NRF2KO mice and greater hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with poorer cognitive performance in both genotypes. Long-term CAW treatment did not affect mitochondrial endpoints in animals of either genotype. These data indicate that loss of NRF2 results in accelerated age-related cognitive decline and worsened mitochondrial deficits. NRF2 also appears to be required for the cognitive enhancing effects of CAW during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Zweig
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mikah S Brandes
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Barbara H Brumbach
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kirsten M Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Li R, Wang Y, Chen P, Meng J, Zhang H. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor protects retinal ganglion cells via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress under hyperoxia. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3780-3788. [PMID: 33151568 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal development of immature retinal vascular structure in preterm infants under the condition of hyperoxia is the primary cause of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which has become the leading cause of blindness in children. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a critical role in the normal growth of retinal vessels. Previous studies have indicated that estrogen can alleviate retinal lesions in the ROP animal model by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the protecting effect of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), one of the estrogen receptors distributed in ER, on RGCs in the early stage of ROP and its relationship with ER stress. We found that GPER was widely expressed in primary cultured murine RGCs. GPER activation by its agonist G-1 increased cell vitality and decreased apoptosis and autophagy of RGCs under hyperoxia. GPER activation by G-1 decreased the expressions of the ER stress proteins, including inositol-requiring kinase/endonuclease 1α, pancreatic ER stress kinase, and cleaved activating transcription factor 6 in ER of RGCs under hyperoxia. GPER activation decreased IP3R activity and increased Ca2+ concentration in ER of RGCs under hyperoxia. In addition, GPER antagonist (G-15) reversed all these effects of the GPER agonist mentioned above. This study suggested that GPER activation can protect the survival of RGCs in the early stage of ROP via reducing ER stress in RGCs under the condition of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province and Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province and Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiamin Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province and Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Inhibition of the activation of γδT17 cells through PPARγ-PTEN/Akt/GSK3β/NFAT pathway contributes to the anti-colitis effect of madecassic acid. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:752. [PMID: 32929062 PMCID: PMC7490397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type-17 immune response, mediated mainly by IL-17, plays a critical role in ulcerative colitis. Previously, we showed that madecassic acid (MA), the main active ingredient of Centella asiatica herbs for anti-colitis effect, ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis through reducing the level of IL-17. Here, we explore the effect of MA on the activation of γδT17 cells, an alternative source of IL-17 in colitis. In DSS-induced colitis mice, oral administration of MA decreased the number of γδT17 cells and attenuated the inflammation in the colon, and the anti-colitis effect of MA was significantly counteracted by redundant γδT17 cells, suggesting that the decrease in γδT17 cells is important for the anti-colitis effect of MA. In vitro, MA could inhibit the activation but not the proliferation of γδT17 cells at concentrations without evident cytotoxicity. Antibody microarray profiling showed that the inhibition of MA on the activation of γδT17 cells involved PPARγ–PTEN/Akt/GSK3β/NFAT signals. In γδT17 cells, MA could reduce the nuclear localization of NFATc1 through inhibiting Akt phosphorylation to promote GSK3β activation. Moreover, it was confirmed that MA inhibited the Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 pathway and the activation of γδT17 cells through activating PPARγ to increase PTEN expression and phosphorylation. The correlation between activation of PPARγ, decrease in γδT17 cell number, and amelioration of colitis by MA was validated in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In summary, these findings reveal that MA inhibits the activation of γδT17 cells through PPARγ–PTEN/Akt/GSK3β/NFAT pathway, which contributes to the amelioration of colitis.
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14
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Sun B, Wu L, Wu Y, Zhang C, Qin L, Hayashi M, Kudo M, Gao M, Liu T. Therapeutic Potential of Centella asiatica and Its Triterpenes: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568032. [PMID: 33013406 PMCID: PMC7498642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (also known as Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or Gotu kola) is a traditional Chinese medicine with extensive medicinal value, which is commonly used in Southeast Asian countries. This study aimed to summarize the effects of C. asiatica and its main components on neurological diseases, endocrine diseases, skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, immune diseases, and gynecological diseases, as well as potential molecular mechanisms, to study the pathological mechanism of these diseases based on the changes at the molecular level. The results showed that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids had extensive beneficial effects on neurological and skin diseases, which were confirmed through clinical studies. They exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic effects, and improvement in mitochondrial function. However, further clinical studies are urgently required due to the low level of evidence and lack of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boju Sun
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Misa Hayashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maya Kudo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Brandes MS, Gray NE. NRF2 as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091419899782. [PMID: 31964153 PMCID: PMC6977098 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419899782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative conditions including among others Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Friedrich’s ataxia, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The endogenous antioxidant response pathway protects cells from oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cytoprotective enzymes and is regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In addition to regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, NRF2 has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and modulate both mitochondrial function and biogenesis. This is because mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are features of many neurodegenerative diseases as well NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we review evidence for a beneficial role of NRF2 in neurodegenerative conditions and the potential of specific NRF2 activators as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikah S. Brandes
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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17
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A role of AMPK and connexin 43 in the suppression of CoCl 2-induced apoptosis of spiral modiolar artery smooth muscle cells by adiponectin. Life Sci 2019; 238:116876. [PMID: 31655194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adiponectin (APN) is a protein hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue that exhibits biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic, hearing-protective and microcirculation-regulating functions. In this study, we explored whether APN could attenuate damage caused by CoCl2-induced hypoxic conditions in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the spiral modiolar artery (SMA). MAIN METHODS We first cultured and identified primary SMCs of the SMA. Afterward, the SMCs were pre-treated with APN and then stimulated with CoCl2. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the control group, the group treated with CoCl2 for 24 h exhibited significantly decreased cell viability, significantly increased apoptosis rates and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated, while those of Bcl2 were downregulated evidently. Compared with the CoCl2 group, the group pre-treated with APN before receiving CoCl2 treatment had increased cell viability and SOD activity but decreased MDA levels and apoptosis rates. The expression levels of Bcl2, p-AMPKα and Cx43 were evidently increased, while those of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased, in the group pre-treated with APN compared to the CoCl2 group. The protective effect of APN was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and the Cx43 inhibitor Gap19. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrated that APN protected SMCs against CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury via the AMPK signalling pathway and regulated the expression of Cx43 in cells. Therefore, APN might be a promising treatment for diseases related to circulation disturbances of the inner ear.
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Oxidative Stress Effects of Soluble Sulfide on Human Hepatocyte Cell Line LO2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091662. [PMID: 31086073 PMCID: PMC6539978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sulfide is well known for its toxicity and corrosion for hundreds of years. However, recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-a novel gasotransmitter-supports a critical role during neuromodulation, cell proliferation, and cardioprotection for organisms. In particular, soluble sulfide plays multifaceted signaling functions in mammals during oxidative stress processes. However, the specific molecular regulation of soluble sulfide during oxidative stress remains unclear. In this study, Na2S was implemented as a soluble sulfide donor to expose LO2 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2),-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) assay were applied to analyze cytotoxicity, hydroxyl radical levels, SOD and GSH-Px activities, respectively. Soluble sulfide at a concentration 0.01-1.0 mM/L resulted in a marked and concentration-dependent reduction of LO2 cell viability. At low concentrations, sulfide solutions increased SOD activity and GSH-Px activity of LO2 after 24 h exposure, exhibiting a clear hormesis-effect and indicating the protective ability of soluble sulfide against oxidative stress. The decline in SOD and GSH-Px and the increase in hydroxyl radical (0.08-1.0 mM/L) suggested that oxidative damage could be a possible mechanism for sulfide-induced cytotoxicity.
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19
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Bailly C, Waring MJ. Pharmacological effectors of GRP78 chaperone in cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:269-278. [PMID: 30831072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein chaperone GRP78 is a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions and is frequently over-expressed at the surface of cancer cells where it contributes to chemo-resistance. It represents a well-studied ER stress marker but an under-explored target for new drug development. This review aims to untangle the structural and functional diversity of GRP78 modulators, covering over 130 natural products, synthetic molecules, specific peptides and monoclonal antibodies that target GRP78. Several approaches to promote or to incapacitate GRP78 are presented, including the use of oligonucleotides and specific cell-delivery peptides often conjugated to cytotoxic payloads to design GRP78-targeted therapeutics. A repertoire of drugs that turn on/off GRP78 is exposed, including molecules which bind directly to GRP78, principally to its ATP site. There exist many options to regulate positively or negatively the expression of the chaperone, or to interfere with its cellular trafficking. This review provides a molecular cartography of GRP78 pharmacological effectors and adds weight to the notion that GRP78 repressors could represent promising anticancer therapeutics, notably as regards limiting chemo-resistance of cancer cells. The potential of GRP78-targeting drugs in other therapeutic modalities is also evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM, University of Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France.
| | - Michael J Waring
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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20
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Valdeira ASC, Ritt DA, Morrison DK, McMahon JB, Gustafson KR, Salvador JAR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Madecassic Acid Derivatives Targeting ERK Cascade Signaling. Front Chem 2018; 6:434. [PMID: 30324102 PMCID: PMC6172662 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a series of novel madecassic acid derivatives was synthesized and screened against the National Cancer Institute's 60 human cancer cell line panel. Among them, compounds 5, 12, and 17 displayed potent and highly differential antiproliferative activity against 80% of the tumor cells harboring the B-RafV600E mutation within the nanomolar range. Structure-activity analysis revealed that a 5-membered A ring containing an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde substituted at C-23 with a 2-furoyl group seems to be crucial to produce this particular growth inhibition signature. In silico analysis of the cytotoxicity pattern of these compounds identified two highly correlated clinically approved drugs with known B-RafV600E inhibitory activity. Follow-up analysis revealed inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway through the reduction of cellular Raf protein levels is a key mechanism of action of these compounds. In particular, 17 was the most potent compound in suppressing tumor growth of B-RafV600E-mutant cell lines and displayed the highest reduction of Raf protein levels among the tested compounds. Taken together, this study revealed that modifications of madecassic acid structure can provide molecules with potent anticancer activity against cell lines harboring the clinically relevant B-RafV600E mutation, with compound 17 identified as a promising lead for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S C Valdeira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Ritt
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - James B McMahon
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kirk R Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Yang Z, Liu Q, Shi H, Jiang X, Wang S, Lu Y, Zhang J, Huang X, Yu A. Interleukin 17A exacerbates ER-stress-mediated inflammation of macrophages following ICH. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Lee GA, Choi KC, Hwang KA. Treatment with Phytoestrogens Reversed Triclosan and Bisphenol A-Induced Anti-Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:503-511. [PMID: 29310425 PMCID: PMC6131008 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interfere with the hormone or endocrine system and may cause cancer. Kaempferol (Kaem) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are phytoestrogens that play chemopreventive roles in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, the influence of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on proliferation and apoptotic abilities of VM7Luc4E2 breast cancer cells were examined. MTT assay revealed that TCS (0.1-10 µM), BPA (0.1-10 µM) and E2 (0.01-0.0001 µM) induced significant cell proliferation of VM7Luc4E2 cells, which was restored to the control (0.1% DMSO) by co-treatment with Kaem (30 µM) or DIM (15 µM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays showed that TCS and BPA inhibited ROS production of VM7Luc4E2 cells similar to E2, but that co-treatment with Kaem or DIM on VM7Luc4E2 cells induced increased ROS production. Based on these results, the effects of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on protein expression of apoptosis and ROS production-related markers such as Bax and Bcl-xl, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as eIF2α and CHOP were investigated by Western blot assay. The results revealed that TCS, and BPA induced anti-apoptosis by reducing ROS production and ER stress. However, Kaem and DIM effectively inhibited TCS and BPA-induced anti-apoptotic processes in VM7Luc4E2 cells. Overall, TCS and BPA were revealed to be distinct xenoestrogens that enhanced proliferation and anti-apoptosis, while Kaem and DIM were identified as natural chemopreventive compounds that effectively inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and increased anti-apoptosis induced by TCS and BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-A Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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23
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Song D, Jiang X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Cao S, Zhang Z. Asiaticoside Attenuates Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induced by Aβ 1-42 via Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:28. [PMID: 29441018 PMCID: PMC5797575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common progressive neurodegenerative disorder with the highest incidence in the world. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be responsible for the pathogenesis and pathology of AD for abnormally transporting amyloid-β (Aβ, the main component of the senile plaques) from the sera into the central nervous system. Aβ peptides induce apoptosis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs), the main component of BBB. Apoptosis in neuronal cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Asiaticoside, a natural glycoside extracted from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has an anti-apoptotic effect on hBMECs but the molecule mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigate the protective effect of asiaticoside on Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis as well as associated mechanism in hBMECs with commonly used in vitro methods for clinical development of asiaticoside as a novel anti-AD agent. In the present study, we investigated the effects of asiaticoside on cytotoxicity by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 fluorescence analysis, anti-apoptosis by Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and propidium iodide (PI) analyses, the expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-NF-κB p65, and total NF-κB p65 by Western blotting, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 by immunofluorescence analysis in hBMECs. The results showed that pretreatment of asiaticoside (25, 50, and 100 μM) for 12 h significantly attenuated cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, and restored declined mitochondrial membrane potential induced by Aβ1-42 (50 μM) in hBMECs. Asiaticoside also significantly downregulated the elevated expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, and p-NF-κB p65, as well as inhibited NF-κB p65 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus induced by Aβ1-42 in hBMECs in a concentration-dependent manner. The possible underlying molecular mechanism of asiaticoside may be through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, asiaticoside may be developed as a novel agent for the prevention and/or treatment of AD clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiliu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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24
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Van Loc T, Nhu VTQ, Van Chien T, Ha LTT, Thao TTP, Van Sung T. Synthesis of madecassic acid derivatives and their cytotoxic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fifteen new 28-amide derivatives of madecassic acid, isolated from the tropical medicinal herb Centella asiatica (Apiaceae), have been synthesised, and their cytotoxicity on three cancer cell lines, KB (carcinoma cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer) and Lu-1 (lung cancer), was evaluated. The results showed that acetylation of the 2,3,23-hydroxyl group and/or amidation of the 28-COOH group strongly increased the cytotoxicity of the synthesised compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Loc
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Vo Thi Quynh Nhu
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
- Gio Linh High School , April 2 street, P.O. 520000 , Quang Tri Province , Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Chien
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thu Ha
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
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25
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Liang H, Xiao J, Zhou Z, Wu J, Ge F, Li Z, Zhang H, Sun J, Li F, Liu R, Chen C. Hypoxia induces miR-153 through the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway to fine tune the HIF1α/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:1961-1975. [PMID: 29367761 PMCID: PMC5895606 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that hypoxia activates the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) axis to promote angiogenesis in breast cancer. However, it is unclear how this axis is negatively regulated. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-153 directly inhibits expression of HIF1α by binding to the 3′UTR of HIF1A mRNA, as well as suppresses tube formation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and breast cancer angiogenesis by decreasing the secretion of VEGFA. Importantly, expression of miR-153 was induced by hypoxia-stimulated ER stress, which activates IRE1α and its downstream transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). X-box binding protein 1 directly binds to the promoter of the miR-153 host gene PTPRN and activates transcription. These results indicate that hypoxia induces miR-153 to fine tune the HIF1α/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis and miR-153 could be used for breast cancer anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of the Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Translational Medicine Center of Stem Cells, 307-lvy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Digital gene expression analysis of Takifugu rubripes brain after acute hypoxia exposure using next-generation sequencing. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 24:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Jing L, Li Q, He L, Sun W, Jia Z, Ma H. Protective Effect of Tempol Against Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in H9c2 Cells. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:159-165. [PMID: 28428533 PMCID: PMC5408902 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.903764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced oxidant stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are considered essential processes in the progression of heart failure. Tempol is a nitroxide compound that scavenges many reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Tempol against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line, in addition to related mechanisms. Material/Methods H9c2 cells were pre-treated with Tempol, followed by hypoxia (37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% N2) for 24 h. Cell viability was detected using MTT assay. ROS level was evaluated using DCFH-DA. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated using the relevant kits. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/7-AAD double labelling. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was assessed with RT-PCR analysis and Western blotting. Results Tempol protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury, with characteristics of increased the cell viability and reduced LDH and CK release. Tempol also reduced oxidant stress by inhibiting ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, as well as enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, Tempol pretreatment upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, thereby reducing hypoxia-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Conclusions These results indicate that Tempol reduces the hypoxia-induced oxidant stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cells by scavenging free radicals and modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Lei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
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TBHQ Alleviated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by PERK-Nrf2 Crosstalk in Methamphetamine-Induced Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4310475. [PMID: 28303170 PMCID: PMC5337881 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4310475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) leads to cardiac and pulmonary toxicity expressed as increases in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, some interactions may exist between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The current study is designed to investigate if both oxidative stress and ERS are involved in MA-induced chronic pulmonary toxicity and if antioxidant tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) alleviated ERS-apoptosis and oxidative stress by PERK-Nrf2 crosstalk. In this study, the rats were randomly divided into control group, MA-treated group (MA), and MA plus TBHQ-treated group (MA + TBHQ). Chronic exposure to MA resulted in slower growth of weight and pulmonary toxicity of the rats by increasing the pulmonary arterial pressure, promoting the hypertrophy of right ventricle and the remodeling of pulmonary arteries. MA inhibited the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress by downregulation of Nrf2, GCS, and HO-1 and upregulation of SOD2. MA increased GRP78 to induce ERS. Overexpression and phosphorylation of PERK rapidly phosphorylated eIF2α, increased ATF4, CHOP, bax, caspase 3, and caspase 12, and decreased bcl-2. These changes can be reversed by antioxidant TBHQ through upregulating expression of Nrf2. The above results indicated that TBHQ can alleviate MA-induced oxidative stress which can accelerate ERS to initiate PERK-dependent apoptosis and that PERK/Nrf2 is likely to be the key crosstalk between oxidative stress and ERS in MA-induced chronic pulmonary toxicity.
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