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Banerjee T, Sarkar A, Ali SZ, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Halder AK, Ghosh N. Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:675-707. [PMID: 38458248 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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Zhou TY, Tian N, Li L, Yu R. Iridoids modulate inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:210-222. [PMID: 38631983 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, preclinical research on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has surged to the forefront of scientific and clinical attention. DKD has become a pervasive complication of type 2 diabetes. Given the complexity of its etiology and pathological mechanisms, current interventions, including drugs, dietary modifications, exercise, hypoglycemic treatments and lipid-lowering methods, often fall short in achieving desired therapeutic outcomes. Iridoids, primarily derived from the potent components of traditional herbs, have been the subject of long-standing research. Preclinical data suggest that iridoids possess notable renal protective properties; however, there has been no summary of the research on their efficacy in the management and treatment of DKD. This article consolidates findings from in vivo and in vitro research on iridoids in the context of DKD and highlights their shared anti-inflammatory activities in treating this condition. Additionally, it explores how certain iridoid components modify their chemical structures through the regulation of intestinal flora, potentially bolstering their therapeutic effects. This review provides a focused examination of the mechanisms through which iridoids may prevent or treat DKD, offering valuable insights for future research endeavors. Please cite this article as: Zhou TY, Tian N, Li L, Yu R. Iridoids modulate inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: A review. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(3): 210-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yi Zhou
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Na Tian
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liu Li
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions and Zheng, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China.
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Hao J, Zhou J, Lin P, Wu J. Quantitative comparison and evaluation between aerial and underground parts of Gentiana straminea through simultaneous determination of five major compounds by RP-HPLC. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29232. [PMID: 38660265 PMCID: PMC11040066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Family Gentianaceae), "Ma Hua Jiao" in Chinese, is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Secoiridoids and flavonoids have been identified as the major active components of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and many other diseases. It is the overharvesting of the roots of this plant for medicinal purposes that has led to a drastic decline in its population. In the present study, the above and below ground parts of Gentian Bitter Glycine were quantitatively compared and evaluated for the determination of the major active constituents. Five major compounds, loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweorside and isoorientin, were extracted by solvent extraction technique and analyzed by Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). By analysing the principal components and calculating the composite scores, the results show that the aboveground component in different areas ranked higher compared to the underground component, with the former being able to substitute to some extent for the latter's underground component. Finally, based on hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified the ideal natural growing region for aerial parts of G. straminea distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The significance of this work is that we can balance the demand for herbs with environmental preservation by selectively picking the aerial parts, which can regrow next year, instead of removing the whole plant. It protects the fragile ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau and is important for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
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Shivam, Gupta AK. Neuroprotective Effects of Isolated Mangiferin from Swertia chirayita Leaves Regulating Oxidative Pathway on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Experimental Rats. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:182-195. [PMID: 38305392 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249255977231213053039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the most common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. Swertia chirayita is a rich source of phenolic constituents and has hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. AIMS This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect in diabetes by enhancing antioxidant defense against oxidative stress, which exhibits a neuroprotective effect in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to elucidate the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds of Swertia chirayita for diabetic complications. METHODS The present work focused on isolating the bioactive from the leaves of Swertia absinthe for acute toxicity studies, assessing its protective effects against diabetes and diabetic neuropathy as well as its mode of action in STZ-induced Wistar rats. The local area of Moradabad is the place from where the leaves of Swertia chirayita were gathered. Mangiferin was isolated and identified using spectroscopic techniques, such as UV, HPLC, 1H NMR, C13 NMR, MAS, and FTIR. Mangiferin was administered in doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg to test its effect on experimentally induced diabetes. The sciatic nerves of all groups were examined histopathologically. The protective effect of the drug against diabetes and diabetic neuropathy was demonstrated by measures, such as blood glucose level, body weight, food intake, thermal hyperalgesia, grip strength, spontaneous locomotor test, and lipid profile analysis. Sciatic nerve cells of the treated groups showed less inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis. RESULTS The results of this study confirmed that mangiferin alleviated diabetic neuropathic pain, possibly by reducing inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6), strong antioxidant activity, and NGF in sciatic nerves. It may be a therapeutic agent. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that active phytochemicals of Swertia chirayita showed preventive and curative effects against STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats, which might be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University Delhi Road, NH-24 Moradabad, Lodhipur Rajput, Uttar Pradesh 244102, India
| | - Asheesh Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University Delhi Road, NH-24 Moradabad, Lodhipur Rajput, Uttar Pradesh 244102, India
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Chabane S, Boudjelal A, Bouaziz-Terrachet S, Spinozzi E, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Tail G. Analgesic effect of Centaurium erythraea and molecular docking investigation of the major component swertiamarin. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37948163 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2278160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Centaurium erythraea Rafn is employed in Algerian traditional medicine for treating pain. The analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract (EE) from the flowering aerial parts of this plant was examined, and molecular docking of the main bioactive compound was performed. The EE, characterised by the iridoid swertiamarin, was administered to Wistar albino rats in pain models. Peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and a hot plate test was performed for central antinociceptive activity evaluation. Treatment with EE significantly decreased rats' writhing induced by acetic acid suggesting peripheral analgesic activity. Furthermore, the elevation of mean basal reaction time in the hot plate method indicated central analgesic activity. Molecular docking studies showed good docking energy with acceptable binding interactions of swertiamarin with cyclooxygenase-2 protein. This supports the analgesic activity of C. erythraea EE, justifying the traditional use of the plant as an analgesic herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chabane
- Department of Life and Nature Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biology: Applications in Health and Environment, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Laboratory of Biology: Applications in Health and Environment, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'Sila, M'Sila, Algeria
| | - Souhila Bouaziz-Terrachet
- Applied Chemistry and Materials Laboratory (LabCAM), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Bouguerra, Boumerdes, Algeria
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physico-Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumédiène, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ghania Tail
- Department of Biology, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
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Perumal S, Samy MG, Subramanian D. Effect of novel therapeutic medicine swertiamarin from Enicostema axillare in zebrafish infected with Salmonella typhi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1033-1041. [PMID: 36178071 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herbal treatments have been practiced by humans over centuries and therefore possess time-proven safety. However, it is crucial to evaluate the toxic effects of herbal medicine to confirm their safety, particularly when developing therapeutic drugs. Use of laboratory animals such as mice, rat, and rabbits was considered as gold standard in herbal toxicity assessments. However, in the last few decades, the ethical consideration of using higher vertebrates for toxicity testing has become more controversial. As a possible alternative model involving lower vertebrates such as zebra fish were introduced. Hence in the present study, swertiamain compound isolated from E. axillare was assessed for it antimicrobial activity in zebra fish larvae againt S. typhi. The cumulative mortality rate and bacterial localization in zebra fish larvae were studied. Biochemical markers assays were performed to find the preventive role of the compound during the typhoid infection. The results showed that zebra fish can be successfully used as a model to study typhoid infection and the anti-bacterial compound swertiamarin used in this study clears the bacterial load and pathogenic symptoms to a great extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Perumal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Patel N, Zinzuvadia A, Prajapati M, Tyagi RK, Dalai S. Swertiamarin-mediated immune modulation/adaptation confers protection against Plasmodium berghei. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:931-941. [PMID: 35704297 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Development of resistance by the malaria parasite, a systemic inflammatory and infectious pathogen, has raised the need for novel efficacious antimalarials. Plant-derived natural compounds are known to modulate the immune response and eradicate the infectious pathogens. Therefore we carried out experiments with swertiamarin to dissect its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential. Materials & methods: We carried out studies in Swiss albino mice that received infectious challenge with Plasmodium berghei and swertiamarin treatment in a prophylactic manner. Results & conclusion: Oral administration of swertiamarin prior to infectious challenge with P. berghei in experimental mice showed delayed parasite development as compared with untreated control. IFN-γ and IL-10 appeared to be adapted/modulated by regular swertiamarin treatment. Further, withdrawal of swertiamarin pressure did not affect parasite replication. However, the short half-life of swertiamarin limited its long-lasting therapeutic effect, requiring higher and frequent dosing schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisargee Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Mitali Prajapati
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology LabCSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH)Sec-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sarat Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Seven Major Compounds in Normal and Atherosclerosis Mice after Oral Administration of Simiao Yong'an Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4604601. [PMID: 35529931 PMCID: PMC9071858 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4604601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simiao Yong'an decoction (SMYAD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) in clinical in China, but its therapeutic mechanism and pharmacodynamic material basis are not clear. In this study, the AS model was caused by a high-fat diet and perivascular carotid collar placement (PCCP), and SMYAD was orally administered to the model and normal mice. A rapid, sensitive, selective, and reliable method using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system combined with a Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X MS) was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven compounds, including harpagide, chlorogenic acid, swertiamarin, sweroside, angoroside C, liquiritin, and isoliquiritigenin in the plasma of normal and AS mice. The specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability of the method were all within the acceptable criteria. The results showed that some pharmacokinetic behaviors of harpagide, chlorogenic acid, and isoliquiritigenin were significantly different among the two groups of mice. The specific parameter changes were harpagide (AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ were 11075.09 ± 2132.38 and 16221.95 ± 5622.42 ng·mL−1·h, respectively; CLz/F was 2.45 ± 0.87 L/h/mg), chlorogenic acid (t1/2 was 21.59 ± 9.16 h; AUC0–∞ was 2637.51 ± 322.54 ng·mL−1·h; CLz/F was 13.49 ± 1.81 L/h/mg) and isoliquiritigenin (AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ were 502.25 ± 165.65 and 653.68 ± 251.34 ng·mL−1·h, respectively; CLz/F was 62.16 ± 23.35 L/h/mg) were altered under the pathological status of AS. These differences might be partly ascribed to the changes in gastrointestinal microbiota, nonspecific drug transporters, and cytochrome P450 activity under the AS state, providing research ideas and experimental basis for pharmacological effects and pharmacodynamic material basis.
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Dey G, Chakraborty A. Study of the conformations and tautomerisation pathway in (Z)-4-(hydroxypropyl) isochroman-1, 3‑dione: Analysis through energy, vibrational signatures and hardness profiles. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Perumal S, Gopal Samy M, Subramanian D. In vitro and in silico screening of novel typhoid drugs from endangered herb ( Enicostema axillare). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2926-2936. [PMID: 35174771 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2041488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, antibacterial activity of swertiamarin from Enicostema axillare (Lam) was checked against three different human gram-negative pathogens namely Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri. Minimum inhibitory concentration assay revealed low dose and efficient activity of swertiamarin on the above said pathogens. Though swertiamarin is a well-studied and characterized compound, there is no experimental proof available for its antibacterial activity. To gain more insight about the antibacterial efficiency of swertiamarin against typhoid causing S. typhi, a comparative molecular docking of S. typhi OmpF (3NSG) was performed with swertiamarin and other typhoid drugs available in the market which exposed better activity strength of swertiamarin compared with that of the other drugs. Further, molecular dynamics of S. typhi OmpF-swertiamarin shows good flexibility and stability at 100 ns. The outcome of this work will definitely provide an idea of using very low dose of swertiamarin as a potent and promising drug against typhoid fever. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Perumal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Investigation of phytoconstituents of Enicostemma littorale as potential glucokinase activators through molecular docking for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 10:1. [PMID: 34926125 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) is an enzyme involved in synthesising glucose into glucose-6 phosphate and serves a crucial function in glucose sensing. Therefore, agents that induce GK activation could be used to treat T2DM. The present work has been carried out to investigate the GK activation potential of phytoconstituents of Enicostemma littorale through molecular docking. All the phytoconstituents have been screened through the Lipinski rule of 5, Veber's rule, and ADMET properties. From these initial screening, only Apigenin, Ferulic acid, Genkwanin, p-coumaric acid, Protocatechuic acid, Syringic acid, and Vanillic acid have been selected to perform molecular docking studies. The binding free energy and binding mode of the native ligand in the allosteric site of the enzyme have been considered the reference for the other molecules' validation. The native ligand has exhibited - 7.2 kcal/mol binding free energy, whereas; it has formed four hydrogen bonds with THR-228, LYS-169, ASP-78, and GLY-81. Based on these findings, the interactions of phytoconstituents have been justified. Apigenin, genkwanin, and swertiamarin exhibited - 8.7, - 7.5, and - 8.3 kcal/mol binding free energy, respectively, which indicates better enzyme activation than the native ligand. Swertiamarin has formed 08 hydrogen bonds with allosteric amino acid residues, which confirms the excellent enzyme activation by these phytoconstituents. We concluded that if we can isolate and consume the exact active phytoconstituents (GK activators) from this plant, we can use them effectively to treat T2DM. More GK activators can be developed by considering them as a natural lead moiety.
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Chakraborty A, Dey G. Conformations and tautomerisation between (Z)-4-(hydroxyethyl) isochroman-1, 3-dione and and 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyisochroman-1-one: A computational study through Energy, electron Distribution, vibrational analysis and hardness profiles. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Xu L, Li D, Zhu Y, Cai S, Liang X, Tang Y, Jin S, Ding C. Swertiamarin supplementation prevents obesity-related chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Adipocyte 2021; 10:160-173. [PMID: 33794740 PMCID: PMC8023247 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1906510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, which underlies insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Swertiamarin is a secoiridoid glycoside that has been reported to ameliorate diabetes and NAFLD in animal models. However, the effects of swertiamarin on obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance have not been fully elucidated. Thus, this study investigated the effects of swertiamarin on inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD or HFD containing swertiamarin for 8 weeks. Obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation were assessed in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and livers of the mice. Swertiamarin attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, glucose intolerance, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, and enhanced insulin signalling in mice. Compared to HFD-fed mice, the swertiamarin-treated mice exhibited increased lipolysis and reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration in eWAT. Moreover, swertiamarin alleviated HFD-mediated hepatic steatosis and inflammation by suppressing activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways within the eWAT and liver of obese mice. In conclusion, supplementation with swertiamarin attenuated weight gain and hepatic steatosis, and alleviated obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Suili Cai
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunming Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
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Dey G, Chakraborty A. Conformational Landscape and Tautomerisation in (Z)-4-(hydroxymethylene) isochroman-1,3-dione: Analysis through Energy and Hardness profiles. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Almeleebia TM, Al Fayi MS, Alshahrani MY, Ahmad I, Abohassan MS, Saeed M, Ansari IA. Swertia chirayita suppresses the growth of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and concomitantly induces apoptosis via downregulation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6279-6288. [PMID: 34764752 PMCID: PMC8570953 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide, and present therapeutical interventions are not successful enough to treat this disease in many cases. Recent years have witnessed a surge in exploring natural compounds for their antiproliferative efficacy to expedite the characterization of novel anticancer chemotherapeutics. Swertia chirayita is a valued medicinal herb and possess intrinsic pharmaceutical potential. However, elucidation of its anticancer effects at molecular levels remains unclear and needs to be investigated. We assessed the anticancer and apoptotic efficacy of S. chirayita ethanolic extract (Sw-EtOH) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells during this exploratory study. The results elucidated that S. chirayita extract induced toxic effects within lung cancer cells by ~1 fold during cytotoxicity and LDH release assay at a 400 μg/ml concentration. Sw-EtOH extract elevates the level of ROS, resulting in the disruption of Δψm and release of cytosolic cytochrome c by 3.15 fold. Activation of caspases-3, -8 & -9 also escalated by ~1 fold, which further catalyze the augmentation of PARP cleavage (~3 folds), resulting in a four-fold increase in Sw-EtOH induced apoptosis. The gene expression analysis further demonstrated that Sw-EtOH extracts inhibited JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway by down-regulating the levels of JAK1 and STAT3 to nearly half a fold. Treatment of Sw-EtOH modulates the expression level of various STAT3 associated proteins, including Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, p53, Fas, Fas-L, cyclinD1, c-myc, IL-6, p21 and p27 in NSCLC cells. Thus, our study provided a strong impetus that Sw-EtOH holds the translational potential of being further evaluated as efficient cancer therapeutics and a preventive agent for the management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Tahani M. Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Saad Al Fayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. Abohassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
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Perumal S, Gopal Samy MV, Subramanian D. Selenium nanoparticle synthesis from endangered medicinal herb (Enicostema axillare). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1853-1863. [PMID: 33855637 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was achieved by a simple biological procedure using the reducing power of E. axillare leaf extract. This method is capable of producing SeNPs in a size range of around 56.23-98.18 nm, under ambient lab condition. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX). To check the potential hazards of nanotoxicity median lethal concentration (LC50) and Na + /K + -ATPase activity was assessed on zebra fish which showed the LC50 of 258.72 ppm for 96 h and Na + /K + -ATPase seems to significantly decrease with increase in SeNPs concentration. Antibactericidal activity explored the use of SeNPs against wide range of pathogens. Cytotoxicity of SeNPs was assayed against human lung cancer cells (A549) confirmed that SeNPs are able to inhibit the cell growth by dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, green synthesized selenium nanoparticles are less toxic and harmless. This is the first report on green synthesized selenium nanoparticles using E. axillare possessing anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Perumal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.,Department of Zoology, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, India
| | - Madhana Vigneshwari Gopal Samy
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.,Department of Zoology, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, India
| | - Dharaneedharan Subramanian
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India. .,Department of Zoology, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, India.
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Cheng J, Ren C, Cheng R, Li Y, Liu P, Wang W, Liu L. Mangiferin ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats by inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:131-137. [PMID: 33602883 PMCID: PMC7893489 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the process spontaneously occurred in living organisms. Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of cardiac aging. Mangiferin is a well-known C-glucoside xanthone in mango leaves with lots of beneficial properties. In this study, rat model of cardiac fibrosis was induced by injected with 150 mg/kg/d D-galactose for 8 weeks. The age-related cardiac decline was estimated by detecting the relative weight of heart, the serum levels of cardiac injury indicators and the expression of hypertrophic biomakers. Cardiac oxidative stress and local inflammation were measured by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidant status and proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by observing collagen deposition via masson and sirius red staining, as well as by examining the expression of extracellular matrix proteins via Western blot analysis. The cardiac activity of profibrotic TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation levels of p38 and MK2. It was observed that mangiferin ameliorated D-galactose-induced cardiac aging, attenuated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. These results showed that mangiferin could ameliorate cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats possibly via inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Ren
- Dong Xi Hu Municipal Healthcare Security Administration, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Renli Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Yunning Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xian 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
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Dey P, Singh J, Suluvoy JK, Dilip KJ, Nayak J. Utilization of Swertia chirayita Plant Extracts for Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders: Present Status, Future Prospects and Limitations. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:431-443. [PMID: 33118125 PMCID: PMC7648839 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is referred as common metabolic abnormalities characterized as hyperglycemia, mainly caused due to insufficient production of insulin at cellular level or/and defects in insulin action. Such an endocrine disorder is responsible for serious health problems and its worldwide prevalence is rapidly increasing. Common management of diabetes by oral administration of drugs without creating any side effects is still considered a challenging task and increasing cost of conventional medicine in developing countries is another matter of concern. To address these issues, traditional preparations of herbal plant extracts in the form of medicines already gained immense attention. Swertia chirayita is one among such plants which is known for its hypoglycemic potential. Numerous chemical constituents with promising pharmacological properties have been identified from such plant extracts but still, such compounds have not been well characterized, specifically against human application. Hence, more research efforts are necessitated to understand exact mechanism of such compounds and to develop overall safety of such plant formulations. Present review clearly represents antidiabetic properties of Swertia chirayita extract, strategies to be taken to strengthen its safety application on humans and biotechnological interventions that ensure conservation of such endangered species to promote its future application in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Jagadish Kumar Suluvoy
- Biotechnology Department, Vignan Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Kevin Joseph Dilip
- National Dong Hwa University, Department of Life Sciences, Hualien, China
| | - Jayato Nayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, VSB Engineering College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, 639111, India
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Kumar S, Niguram P, Bhat V, Jinagal S, Jairaj V, Chauhan N. Synthesis, molecular docking and ADMET prediction of novel swertiamarin analogues for the restoration of type-2 diabetes: an enzyme inhibition assay. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2197-2207. [PMID: 32998578 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1825428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Swertiamarin is a lead, biologically active compound obtained from Enicostemma littorale Blume and known to be identified for the anti-diabetic activity. Present work comprises the synthesis and structural optimization of seven novel swertiamarin analogues and those were not being reported elsewhere till date. Swertiamarin was isolated, followed by modifications that have been accomplished amidst fluorinating, acetylating and oxidizing agents and also performed chromatographic purity and characterization of analogues. Furthermore, the swertiamarin analogues were screened for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme inhibition with in silico studies. Besides, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of analogues were predicted using ADMET software. In a nutshell, the compounds such as SNIPERSV-4 and SNIPERSV-7 have to pose good initial activity (∼48%) in comparison to standard DPP-IV inhibitor (Sitagliptin). The identified analogues were active against DPP-IV enzyme in preliminary screenings, and these findings would be beneficial for the new age researchers also for the therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyender Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash Niguram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vedika Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Seema Jinagal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Mast Nath University - Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Jairaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Neelam Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Fu K, Xu M, Zhou Y, Li X, Wang Z, Liu X, Meng X, Zeng Y, Zhang H. The Status quo and way forwards on the development of Tibetan medicine and the pharmacological research of tibetan materia Medica. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Shi M, Xiong K, Zhang T, Han H. Pharmacokinetics and metabolic profiles of swertiamarin in rats by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:112997. [PMID: 31767226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Swertiamarin, a typical compound of secoiridiod glycosides with various pharmacological effects which is the major iridoid glicoside of Swertia. In this study, we have established a fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method. The aim was to conduct pharmacokinetic studies of swertiamarin in vivo of rats. Gentiopicroside was used as internal standard and a C18 column was employed for the separation of analytes. The selected reaction monitoring transitions were m/z 375→177, 357.1→195 for swertiamarin and the internal standard, respectively, in a positive ion mode. The results showed that swertiamarin had a good linearity in the range of 2-8000 ng/mL (r > 0.997) and its limit of detection (LLOD) was 0.5 ng/mL. The developed method subsequently successfully used in the pharmacokinetic study of swertiamarin in rats after oral administration (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). We obtained a series of pharmacokinetic parameters, and the half-time of swertiamarin was 1 h, while the oral bioavailability was between 5.6-7.6%. Six metabolites of swertiamarin were identified based on accurate mass measurements of protonated molecules and their MS/MS spectrum by ultra-high-performance chromatography/tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, metabolites were classified into three groups and the metabolic pathway of swertiamarin was proposed. The finding may help for the understanding of effectiveness and safety of swertiamarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Shi
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kai Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Han Han
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Tang H, Ke Y, Ren Z, Lei X, Xiao S, Bao T, Shi Z, Zou R, Wu T, Zhou J, Geng CA, Wang L, Chen J. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to Swertiamarin. J Cancer 2019; 10:6526-6534. [PMID: 31777582 PMCID: PMC6856900 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore gene expression profiling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exposed to swertiamarin. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis and invasion were examined in HepG2 cells after swertiamarin treatment. Tumor growth of SK-Hep-1 cells xenografted in nude mice was monitored after swertiamarin treatment. Total RNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with swertiamarin for microarray analysis. The data of microarray were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: Swertiamarin treatment decreased the viability and invasion while increased the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and significantly inhibited the growth of SK-Hep-1 cells xenografted in nude mice. Pathway and biological process analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in swertiamarin treated HepG2 cells showed that PI3k-Akt was the most significant regulated pathway. 47 targets of swertiamarin were predicted by CGBVS while 21 targets were predicted by 3NN. Notably, 8 targets were predicted as the targets of swertiamarin by both programs, including two prominent targets JUN and STAT3. A large range of DEGs induced by swertiamarin could be regulated by JUN and STAT3. Conclusion: Swertiamarin treatment led to significant changes in the expression of a variety of genes that modulate cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion. Moreover, most of these genes can be clustered into pathway networks such as PI3K, JUN, STAT3, which are predicted targets of swertiamarin. Further confirmation of these targets will reveal the anti-tumor mechanisms of swertiamarin and facilitate the development of swertiamarin as a novel agent for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongfang Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuefen Lei
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shufeng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Mental Health Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhitian Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Renchao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tiangen Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
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Biocatalysis as Useful Tool in Asymmetric Synthesis: An Assessment of Recently Granted Patents (2014–2019). Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad interdisciplinary nature of biocatalysis fosters innovation, as different technical fields are interconnected and synergized. A way to depict that innovation is by conducting a survey on patent activities. This paper analyses the intellectual property activities of the last five years (2014–2019) with a specific focus on biocatalysis applied to asymmetric synthesis. Furthermore, to reflect the inventive and innovative steps, only patents that were granted during that period are considered. Patent searches using several keywords (e.g., enzyme names) have been conducted by using several patent engine servers (e.g., Espacenet, SciFinder, Google Patents), with focus on granted patents during the period 2014–2019. Around 200 granted patents have been identified, covering all enzyme types. The inventive pattern focuses on the protection of novel protein sequences, as well as on new substrates. In some other cases, combined processes, multi-step enzymatic reactions, as well as process conditions are the innovative basis. Both industries and academic groups are active in patenting. As a conclusion of this survey, we can assert that biocatalysis is increasingly recognized as a useful tool for asymmetric synthesis and being considered as an innovative option to build IP and protect synthetic routes.
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Santos JLD, Araújo SSD, Silva AMDOE, Lima CA, Vieira Souza LM, Costa RA, Aidar Martins FJ, Voltarelli FA, Estevam CDS, Marçal AC. Ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Coutoubea spicata attenuate hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and muscle damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats subjected to resistance exercise training program. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:401-410. [PMID: 31539486 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gentianaceae family (such as Coutoubea spicata) contains iridoids and flavonoids with antidiabetic properties. However, there is no information available about the antidiabetic effects of C. spicata when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). This study evaluated the effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of C. spicata on biochemical markers, muscle damage, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats submitted to RET. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were distributed into 4 groups (each group, n = 8) treated with distilled water (TD), EE, EAF, or metformin and submitted to RET. Two groups without the disease (each group, n = 8) (sedentary control and trained control), as well as a sedentary diabetic group (n = 8) were included. Body weight and glycemia were evaluated weekly. After 30 days, lipid/lipoprotein profile, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, muscle damage ((creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were evaluated. MDA and SH for pancreas, liver, heart, and muscle were evaluated. C. spicata extract and fraction combined with RET recovered body weight and reduced glycemia, muscle damage (CK: 36.83% and 21.45%; LDH: 49.83% and 68.55%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.63%; 59.18%) and improved redox status (MDA: 50.33%, 39.74%; and SH: 53.97%; 76.41%), respectively, when compared with the TD group. C. spicata plus RET promoted anti-hyperglycemic, lipid-reducing, and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats. Novelty C. spicata presents anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering effects potentiated by RET. C. spicata reduces muscle injury and increases antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Silvan Silva de Araújo
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Clésio Andrade Lima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Marques Vieira Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Rôas Araújo Costa
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Charles Dos Santos Estevam
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
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Potunuru UR, Priya KV, Varsha MS, Mehta N, Chandel S, Manoj N, Raman T, Ramar M, Gromiha MM, Dixit M. Amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside, activates AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) to exert beneficial vasculo-metabolic effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1270-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Evaluation of Anti-hypertrophic Potential of Enicostemma littorale Blume on Isoproterenol Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 36:33-42. [PMID: 33505125 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-hypertrophic potential of the aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale (E. littorale) against isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophic rat models (male albino Wistar rats) through biochemical investigations. Aqueous extract of E. littorale known for various beneficial properties was administered (100 mg/kg, 12 days, oral) to isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophic rats (low ISO-60 mg/kg, 12 days and high ISO-100 mg/kg, 12 days, subcutaneous) and were compared with group that was treated with the reference drug, Losartan (10 mg kg, administered for 12 days, oral). The anti-hypertrophic effect of E. littorale was evaluated by analysing the morphometric indices of the heart, ECG tracings, changes in blood biochemical parameters viz., serum glucose, serum total protein, serum albumin, lipid profile, cardiac specific enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and LDH) and histopathological examination of the heart tissue. The results fundamentally revealed that the plant extract efficiently ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO injected in experimental rats. The outcomes of biochemical investigations of this study highlighted the association between the hypertrophic β-adrenergic receptor signalling (β-AR) and the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) axis in the metabolism of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. This β-AR/AMPK-PGC1α signalling stem can serve as a key target in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy through focus on its principal regulators. To add, we also propose that the glycoside, swertiamarin present in this plant with the reported anti-fibrotic potential in liver can be further isolated and evaluated for its anti-hypertrophic potential to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
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Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Wiśniewski J, Fleszar MG, Rapak A, Gomułkiewicz A, Dzięgiel P, Magdalan J, Nowak B, Szumny D, Matuszewska A, Piórecki N, Szeląg A, Trocha M. The iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins from the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit increase the plasma l-arginine/ADMA ratio and decrease levels of ADMA in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:1-11. [PMID: 30599888 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although fruit and vegetable-rich diets have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, we have little knowledge of the impact of fruits and their constituents, iridoids and anthocyanins, on the l-arginine-ADMA-DDAH pathway. Our previous study demonstrated the modulation of those factors by the oral administration of the cornelian cherry fruit. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We have assessed the effects of the oral administration of two main constituents isolated from the cornelian cherry fruit, iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins, on l-arginine, its derivatives (ADMA, SDMA), metabolites (DMA, l-citrulline), and the hepatic DDAH activity and its isoform expression in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. We have also analyzed eNOS expression in the thoracic aorta as well as the redox status in blood. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, we used an animal model of diet induced atherosclerosis. For 60 days, white New Zealand rabbits were fed a standard diet, a 1% cholesterol enriched diet, or concomitantly with the investigated substances. l-arginine, ADMA, SDMA, DMA, and l-citrulline were assessed using the LC-MS/MS method. DDAH activity and redox parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. DDAH1 and DDAH2 isoform expressions were assessed by western blotting, mRNA expression of eNOS was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that the administration of loganic acid (20 mg/kg b.w.), and to a lesser extent of anthocyanins (10 mg/kg b.w.), caused an increase in the l-arginine level and the l-arginine/ADMA ratio. Also, both substances decreased ADMA, DMA, and l-citrulline, but not SDMA levels. Anthocyanins, but not loganic acid, enhanced the activity of DDAH in the liver. Anthocyanins also significantly enhanced both DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression, while loganic acid to a lesser extent enhanced DDAH1 but not DDAH2 expression. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins pronouncedly increased mRNA expression of eNOS in thoracic aortas. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins reversed the blood glutathione level depleted by dietary cholesterol. Cholesterol feeding decreased the blood GPx level, and the change was not reversed by anthocyanins or loganic acid. We did not observe any significant differences in the blood levels of MDA or SOD among the groups. CONCLUSION Iridoids and anthocyanins may modulate the l-arginine-ADMA pathway in subjects fed a high-cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland.
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Mariusz G Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław 53-114, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, Wrocław 50-368, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wroclaw 51-612, Poland
| | - Jan Magdalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Dorota Szumny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Przemyśl 37-700, Poland; Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Rzeszow, Towarnickiego 3, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
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