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Cheng W, Huang Y, Gao H, Bold B, Zhang T, Yang D. Marine Natural Products as Novel Treatments for Parasitic Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38554166 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis have received significant attention due to their severe health implications, especially in developing countries. Marine natural products from a vast and diverse range of marine organisms such as sponges, corals, molluscs, and algae have been found to produce unique bioactive compounds that exhibit promising potent properties, including antiparasitic, anti-Plasmodial, anti-Leishmanial, and anti-Trypanosomal activities, providing hope for the development of effective treatments. Furthermore, various techniques and methodologies have been used to investigate the mechanisms of these antiparasitic compounds. Continued efforts in the discovery and development of marine natural products hold significant promise for the future of novel treatments against parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Cheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanbing Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Clinical Medical College), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bolor Bold
- National Center for Zoonotic Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Food and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, China
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Ibrahim A, Aminu S, Nzelibe HC, Chechet GD, Ibrahim MA. Mitigation of Trypanosoma congolense-Associated Anemia and Expression of Trans-sialidase (TconTS) Gene Variants by Eugenol. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:384-395. [PMID: 38147296 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) caused by Trypanosoma congolense is a parasitic disease affecting the livestock industry in sub-Saharan Africa and usually results in severe anemia, organ damage, and ultimately the death of the infected host. The present study was designed to investigate the possible chemotherapeutic effect of eugenol on T. congolense infections and its inhibitory effect on the trans-sialidase (TconTS) gene expression. METHODS Animals were infected with T. congolense and treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) of eugenol for ten (10) days. RESULTS The eugenol (15 mg/kg BW) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the T. congolense proliferation, increased animal survival, and reduced serum urea level. However, both dosages of eugenol significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated T. congolense-induced anemia, renal hypertrophy, splenomegaly, and reduced total damage score in the liver and kidney of infected animals. In addition, the compound significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated the expression levels of TconTS1, TconTS2, TconTS3, and TconTS4 but the effect was more pronounced (sevenfold reduction) on TconTS1. CONCLUSIONS The oral administration of eugenol suppressed T. congolense proliferation and prevented some major pathologies associated with trypanosomiasis infection. The reversal of renal hypertrophy and splenomegaly by the compound in addition to the reduction in the expression level of the TconTS gene variants could explain the observed anemia ameliorative potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Gloria Dada Chechet
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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Aminu S, Chechet GD, Alkhalil SS, Sobeh M, Daoud R, Simelane MB, Onyike E, Ibrahim MA. Therapeutic efficacy of β-sitosterol treatment on Trypanosoma congolense infection, anemia development, and trans-sialidase ( TconTS1) gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1282257. [PMID: 37886075 PMCID: PMC10598747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background African animal trypanosomiasis hinders sustainable livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. About 17 million infected cattle are treated with trypanocides annually but most of the drugs are associated with drawbacks, necessitating the search for a promising chemotherapeutic agent. Objectives In this study, the effects of β-sitosterol on Trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated along with its effect on the trans-sialidase gene expressions. Results Oral treatment with β-sitosterol at 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 14 days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced parasitemia and ameliorated the parasite-induced anemia. Also, the parasite-induced increase in serum urea level and renal histopathological damage scores in addition to renal hypertrophy was significantly (p < 0.05) reverted following treatment with 30 mg/kg BW β-sitosterol. The compound also significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated the expression of TconTS1 but not TconTS2, TconTS3, and TconTS4. Correlation analysis between free serum sialic acid with the TconTS1 and TconTS2 gene variants revealed negative correlations in the β-sitosterol-treated groups although they were non-significant (p > 0.05) in the group treated with 15 mg/kg BW β-sitosterol. Similarly, a non-significant negative (p > 0.05) correlation between the biomolecule and the TconTS3 and TconTS4 gene variants was observed in the β-sitosterol-treated groups while positive correlations were observed in the infected untreated control group. Conclusion The observed effect of β-sitosterol on T. congolense infection could make the compound a possible template for the design of novel trypanocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Processing Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gloria Dada Chechet
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Processing Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | | | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Aminu S, Danazumi AU, Alhafiz ZA, Gorna MW, Ibrahim MA. β-Sitosterol could serve as a dual inhibitor of Trypanosoma congolense sialidase and phospholipase A 2: in vitro kinetic analyses and molecular dynamic simulations. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1645-1660. [PMID: 36042119 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Trypanosoma congolense sialidase alongside phospholipase A2 has been widely accepted as the major contributing factor to anemia during African animal trypanosomiasis. The enzymes aid the parasite in scavenging sialic acid and fatty acids necessary for survival in the infected host, but there are no specific drug candidates against the two enzymes. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of β-sitosterol on the partially purified T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2. Purification of the enzymes using DEAE cellulose column led to fractions with highest specific activities of 8016.41 and 39.26 µmol/min/mg for sialidase and phospholipase A2, respectively. Inhibition kinetics studies showed that β-sitosterol is non-competitive and an uncompetitive inhibitor of sialidase and phospholipase A2 with inhibition binding constants of 0.368 and 0.549 µM, respectively. Molecular docking of the compound revealed binding energies of - 8.0 and - 8.6 kcal/mol against the sialidase and phospholipase A2, respectively. Furthermore, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS revealed stable interaction of β-sitosterol with both enzymes. Hydrogen bond interactions between the ligand and Glu284 and Leu102 residues of the sialidase and phospholipase A2, respectively, were found to be the major stabilizing forces. In conclusion, β-sitosterol could serve as a dual inhibitor of T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2; hence, the compound could be exploited further in the search for newer trypanocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ammar Usman Danazumi
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zainab Aliyu Alhafiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Gusau, Nigeria
| | - Maria Wiktoria Gorna
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Yunvjian Improves Glucose and Insulin Function in Diabetic Rats by Regulating Gastric Emptying Function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:8551406. [PMID: 36691597 PMCID: PMC9867596 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8551406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Diet acts on the human body through digestion in the stomach and absorption in the intestines. Thus, the emptying of the stomach should be the focus of the research mechanism of the combined medicine and food treatment of diabetes. The emptying function of the stomach and the secretion of related hormones may be the key points of traditional Chinese medicine. In the clinic, Yunvjian is a famous traditional Chinese formula for preventing and curing diabetes. However, the pharmacological action and mechanism of Yunvjian are also need to be probe. Objective To assess the effect of Yunvjian on glucose, insulin level and gastric emptying function and related hormones on high-fat diet combined with STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods High-fat diet combined with STZ was used to construct type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats model and received a 4-week Yunvjian administration. The animals were divided into 6 groups, respectively, as the Control group, the DM group, the DM + Acarbose group, the DM + YNH group, and the DM + YNL group. Radionuclide single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technology was used to observe the gastric emptying rate and half-empty time; blood was took to test fasting insulin, and then the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated; HE staining was performed to detect islets and gastric antrum, immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the number and morphology of pancreatic β cells and gastric antrum Cajal cells, and the average optical density was calculated; the expression of ghrelin hormone in gastric antrum and serum was detected by ELISA and immunofluorescence; the expression of GHRS mRNA in gastric antrum was detected by RT-PCR method. Results Yunvjian could significantly improve the glucose level and insulin function of rats. Compared with the DM group, Yunvjian was beneficial to low fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P < 0.01), increased glucose tolerance, and improved islet function at the same time (P < 0.05). At the same time, compared with the DM group (25.02 ± 0.05, 44 ± 12.33), the emptying rate of the DM + YNH group was significantly faster (64.98 ± 0.12), and the half row time was shortened (26 ± 8.29, P < 0.05). The gastric ghrelin levels in each group of Yunvjian increased with different degrees compared with the DM group (616.2 ± 26.23), especially in the DM + YNH group (863.51 ± 23.76, P < 0.01). Correspondingly, the expression of gastric GHSR mRNA in the DM + YNH and DM + YNL groups increased significantly compared with the DM group (P < 0.01). Conclusions Yunvjian can effectively control glucose and improve islet function, which may be closely related to its influence on gastric emptying function and related hormone secretion regulation.
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Bakrim S, Benkhaira N, Bourais I, Benali T, Lee LH, El Omari N, Sheikh RA, Goh KW, Ming LC, Bouyahya A. Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Stigmasterol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1912. [PMID: 36290632 PMCID: PMC9598710 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol is an unsaturated phytosterol belonging to the class of tetracyclic triterpenes. It is one of the most common plant sterols, found in a variety of natural sources, including vegetable fats or oils from many plants. Currently, stigmasterol has been examined via in vitro and in vivo assays and molecular docking for its various biological activities on different metabolic disorders. The findings indicate potent pharmacological effects such as anticancer, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Indeed, stigmasterol from plants and algae is a promising molecule in the development of drugs for cancer therapy by triggering intracellular signaling pathways in numerous cancers. It acts on the Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways in ovarian and gastric cancers. In addition, stigmasterol markedly disrupted angiogenesis in human cholangiocarcinoma by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling down-regulation. The association of stigmasterol and sorafenib promoted caspase-3 activity and down-regulated levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in breast cancer. Antioxidant activities ensuring lipid peroxidation and DNA damage lowering conferred to stigmasterol chemoprotective activities in skin cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation also contributes to the neuroprotective effects of stigmasterol, as well as dopamine depletion and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The anti-inflammatory properties of phytosterols involve the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the decrease in inflammatory mediator release, and the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Stigmasterol exerts anti-diabetic effects by reducing fasting glucose, serum insulin levels, and oral glucose tolerance. Other findings showed the antiparasitic activities of this molecule against certain strains of parasites such as Trypanosoma congolense (in vivo) and on promastigotes and amastigotes of the Leishmania major (in vitro). Some stigmasterol-rich plants were able to inhibit Candida albicans, virusei, and tropicalis at low doses. Accordingly, this review outlines key insights into the pharmacological abilities of stigmasterol and the specific mechanisms of action underlying some of these effects. Additionally, further investigation regarding pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Biotechnologies and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Nesrine Benkhaira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 1975, Morocco
| | - Ilhame Bourais
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
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Song SJ, Liu X, Ji Q, Sun DZ, Xiu LJ, Xu JY, Yue XQ. Ziyin Huatan Recipe, a Chinese herbal compound, inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer by upregulating RUNX3 expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:355-364. [PMID: 35249836 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ziyin Huatan Recipe (ZYHT), a traditional Chinese medicine comprised of Lilii Bulbus, Pinelliae Rhizoma, and Hedyotis Diffusa, has shown promise in treating gastric cancer (GC). However, its potential mechanism has not yet been clearly addressed. This study aimed to predict targets and molecular mechanisms of ZYHT in treating GC by network pharmacology analysis and to explore the role of ZYHT in GC both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Targets and molecular mechanisms of ZYHT were predicted via network pharmacology analysis. The effects of ZYHT on the expression of metastasis-associated targets were further validated by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To explore the specific molecular mechanisms of the effects of ZYHT on migration and invasion, the runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene was knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9, and lentiviral vectors were transfected into SGC-7901 cells. Then lung metastasis model of GC in nude mice was established to explore the anti-metastasis effect of ZYHT. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the impact of ZYHT on the expression of metastasis-related proteins with or without RUNX3 gene. RESULTS The network pharmacology analysis showed that ZYHT might inhibit focal adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of GC. ZYHT inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro via regulating the expression of metastasis-associated targets. Knocking out RUNX3 almost completely reversed the cell phenotypes (migration and invasion) and protein expression levels elicited by ZYHT. In vivo studies showed that ZYHT inhibited the metastasis of GC cells to the lung and prolonged the survival time of the nude mice. Knocking out RUNX3 partly reversed the metastasis of GC cells to the lung and the protein expression levels elicited by ZYHT. CONCLUSION ZYHT can effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of GC in vitro and in vivo, and its molecular mechanism may relate to the upregulation of RUNX3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Strategic Support Force Xingcheng Special Duty Sanatorium, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Da-Zhi Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Li-Juan Xiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Aminu S, Ibrahim MA, Dada Chechet G, Onyike E. Chemotherapeutic potentials of β-ionone against Trypanosoma congolense infection: Inhibition of parasite proliferation, anemia development, trans-sialidase (TconTS3 and TconTS4) gene expressions, and phospholipase A 2. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:908-922. [PMID: 35353953 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma congolense is a pathogenic African animal trypanosome species causing devastating conditions leading to death of an infected host. The drawbacks of the existing trypanocidal drugs have led to the search for new drug candidates. In this study, β-ionone at 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) was orally administered to T. congolense infected rats for 14 days followed by an assessment of anemia, organ damages, and the expression of T. congolense trans-sialidase gene variants. A significant decrease in parasitemia (p < .05) was observed in the animals treated with 15 mg/kg BW β-ionone besides increased animal survival rate. A trypanosome-induced decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) and histopathological changes across tissues was significantly (p < .05) ameliorated following treatment with both doses of β-ionone. This is in addition to reversing the parasite-induced upsurge in free serum sialic acid (FSA) and expression of T. congolense trans-sialidase gene variants (TconTS1, TconTS3, and TconTS4). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation (p > .05) between FSA with the TconTS gene expressions. In addition, the compound inhibited partially purified T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2 via mixed inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constants of 25.325 and 4.550 µM, respectively, while molecular docking predicted binding energies of -5.6 kcal/mol for both enzymes. In conclusion, treatment with β-ionone suppressed T. congolense proliferation and protected the animals against some of the parasite-induced pathologies whilst the effect on anemia development might be due to inhibition of sialidase and PLA2 activities as well as the expression levels of TconTS3 and TconTS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Gloria Dada Chechet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Chlorophytum Comosum (Green Type) (Thunb.) Jacq. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030762. [PMID: 35164026 PMCID: PMC8840168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophytum genus has been extensively studied due to its diverse biological activities. We evaluated the methanolic extract of leaves of Chlorophytum comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques, the species that is less studied compared to C. borivilianum. The aim was to identify phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum and biological properties of its different fractions. Water fraction was analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Nineteen compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified in the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques. In addition to several fatty acids, isoprenoid and steroid compounds were found among the most abundant constituents. One of the identified compounds, 4'-methylphenyl-1C-sulfonyl-β-d-galactoside, was not detected earlier in Chlorophytum extracts. The water fraction was toxic to HeLa cells but not to Vero cells. Our data demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum can be a valuable source of bioactive constituents. The water fraction of the extract exhibited promising antitumor potential based on a high ratio of HeLa vs. Vero cytotoxicity.
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Abdulrashid NI, Aminu S, Adamu RM, Tajuddeen N, Isah MB, Jatau ID, Aliyu AB, Simelane MBC, Onyike E, Ibrahim MA. Phloroglucinol as a Potential Candidate against Trypanosoma congolense Infection: Insights from In Vivo, In Vitro, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Analyses. Molecules 2022; 27:469. [PMID: 35056785 PMCID: PMC8781988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is profoundly challenged with African Animal Trypanosomiasis and the available trypanocides are faced with drawbacks, necessitating the search for novel agents. Herein, the chemotherapeutic potential of phloroglucinol on T. congolense infection and its inhibitory effects on the partially purified T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were investigated. Treatment with phloroglucinol for 14 days significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed T. congolense proliferation, increased animal survival and ameliorated anemia induced by the parasite. Using biochemical and histopathological analyses, phloroglucinol was found to prevent renal damages and splenomegaly, besides its protection against T. congolense-associated increase in free serum sialic acids in infected animals. Moreover, the compound inhibited bloodstream T. congolense sialidase via mixed inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constant (Ki) of 0.181 µM, but a very low uncompetitive inhibitory effects against PLA2 (Ki > 9000 µM) was recorded. Molecular docking studies revealed binding energies of -4.9 and -5.3 kcal/mol between phloroglucinol with modeled sialidase and PLA2 respectively, while a 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS revealed the sialidase-phloroglucinol complex to be more compact and stable with higher free binding energy (-67.84 ± 0.50 kJ/mol) than PLA2-phloroglucinol complex (-77.17 ± 0.52 kJ/mol), based on MM-PBSA analysis. The sialidase-phloroglucinol complex had a single hydrogen bond interaction with Ser453 while none was observed for the PLA2-phloroglucinol complex. In conclusion, phloroglucinol showed moderate trypanostatic activity with great potential in ameliorating some of the parasite-induced pathologies and its anti-anemic effects might be linked to inhibition of sialidase rather than PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Rahma Muhammad Adamu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina 820241, Nigeria;
| | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria;
| | - Abubakar Babando Aliyu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | | | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
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Wang Y, Zou J, Jia Y, Zhang X, Wang C, Shi Y, Guo D, Wu Z, Wang F. The Mechanism of Lavender Essential Oil in the Treatment of Acute Colitis Based on "Quantity-Effect" Weight Coefficient Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644140. [PMID: 33981227 PMCID: PMC8107818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to introduce a new weight coefficient combined with network pharmacology to predict the potential active components, action targets, and signal pathways of lavender essential oil and to investigate the therapeutic effect of lavender essential oil on colitis through animal experiments. The component targets of lavender essential oil were mined from the Pubchem and SwissTargetPrediction databases, and the relative content of lavender essential oil was compared with OB (oral bioavailability) to establish a “quantity–effect” weight coefficient. Online databases such as GeneCards and String were used to construct a “lavender essential oil compound target disease target” network to extract the key targets of core compounds acting on diseases. The clusterProfiler package in R language programming of Rstudio software was used to analyze the enrichment of the related targets by Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the enriched pathways were reordered according to the “quantity–effect” weight coefficient of the targets they participated in. Following up on the findings, the pharmacodynamic test showed that, after injecting lavender essential oil into mice, the levels of inflammatory cytokines including EGFR, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum and colon tissue decreased, and lavender essential oil could mediate Th17 cell differentiation by reducing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) colonic mucosal damage. The results indicated that lavender essential oil can alleviate DSS-induced colonic mucosal injury in ulcerative Colitis mice. Based on the network pharmacology of the “quantity–effect” weight coefficient, this study indicated that lavender essential oil can regulate the level of inflammatory factors, inhibit inflammatory reactions through a multicomponent and multitarget strategy, and ultimately alleviate the colonic mucosal injury of UC mice. Through the weight coefficient network pharmacology mining, it was concluded that the Th17 cell differentiation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation of lavender essential oil in the treatment of UC may be the key pathway for the treatment of the disease. Through the establishment of a weight coefficient combined with network pharmacology and the combination of dose and effect, it shows that network pharmacology may provide a better basis for the treatment of disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Resea Rchof Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanzhuo Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Resea Rchof Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Resea Rchof Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Resea Rchof Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Resea Rchof Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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12
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Ferdous A, Janta RA, Arpa RN, Afroze M, Khan M, Moniruzzaman M. The leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis suppressed inflammation and nociception in vivo through the modulation of glutamatergic, cGMP, and ATP-sensitive K + channel pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113148. [PMID: 32687959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bougainvillea spectabilis is an ornamental shrub from Nyctaginaceae family, widely used in the traditional medicine in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and ulcer. Some research investigated the analgesic potential of this plant, however, the in-depth analysis of its antinociceptive properties and molecular mechanism(s) are yet to be revealed. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study, therefore, investigated the antinociceptive potential of methanol extract of the leaves of B. spectabilis (MEBS) with possible molecular mechanism(s) of action using several pre-clinical models of acute and chronic pain in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dry leaf powder of B. spectabilis was macerated with 100% methanol, and then dried crude extract was used for in vivo experiments. Following the acute toxicity test with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg b.w. doses of MEBS, the central antinociceptive activities of the extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) were evaluated using hot plate and tail immersion tests, whereas the peripheral activities were investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced licking and oedema, and glutamate-induced licking tests. Moreover, the possible involvements of cGMP and ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathways in the observed antinociceptive activities were also investigated using methylene blue (20 mg/kg b.w.) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b.w.), respectively. We also performed GC/MS-MS analysis of MEBS to identify the phyto-constituents and in silico modelling of the major compounds for potential molecular targets. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that MEBS at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. doses were not effective enough to suppress centrally mediated pain in the hot plate and tail immersion models. However, the extract was potent (at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. doses) in reducing peripheral nociception in the acetic acid-induced writhing and inflammatory phase of the formalin tests. Further analyses revealed that MEBS could interfere with glutamatergic system, cGMP and ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathways to show its antinociceptive properties. GC/MS-MS analysis revealed 35 different phytochemicals with potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties including phytol, neophytadiene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, fucoxanthin, and Vit-E. Prediction analysis showed high intestinal absorptivity and low toxicity profiles of these compounds with capability to interact with glutamatergic system, inhibit JAK/STAT pathway, scavenge nitric oxide and oxygen radicals, and inhibit expression of COX3, tumor necrosis factor, and histamine. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggested the antinociceptive potentials of MEBS which were mediated through the modulation of glutamatergic, cGMP, and ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathways. These also suggested that MEBS could be beneficial in the treatment of complications associated with nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Shiddheswari Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Rabir Ahmed Janta
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Shiddheswari Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaiya Nushin Arpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Shiddheswari Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Mirola Afroze
- Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (DRiCM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mala Khan
- Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (DRiCM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Mater Research Institute - UQ at Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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13
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Saad SB, Ibrahim MA, Jatau ID, Shuaibu MN. The therapeutic potential of phytol towards Trypanosoma congolense infection and the inhibitory effects against trypanosomal sialidase. Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107943. [PMID: 32598890 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel therapeutic candidates against animal trypanosomiasis is an ongoing scientific endevour because of the negative impacts of the disease to the African livestock industry. In this study, the in vivo therapeutic potentials of phytol toward Trypanosoma congolense infection and the inhibitory effects on trypanosomal sialidase were investigated. Rats were infected with T. congolense and administered daily oral treatment of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of phytol. Within the first 10 days of the treatment, no antitrypanosomal activity was recorded but a moderate trypanostatic activity was observed from day 17-day 21 pi. However, at 100 mg/kg BW, phytol demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorative potentials toward T. congolense-induced host-associated pathological damages such as anaemia, hepatic and renal damages; and the data was comparable to diminazine aceturate. Moreover, the T. congolense caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in free serum sialic acid level which was significantly (p < 0.05) prevented in the presence of phytol (100 mg/kg BW). In an in vitro analysis, phytol inhibited partially purified T. congolense sialidase using an uncompetitive inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constant of 261.24 μmol/mL. Subsequently, molecular docking revealed that the compound binds to homology modelled trypanosomal sialidase with a binding free energy of -6.7 kcal/mol which was mediated via a single hydrogen bond while Trp324 and Pro274 were the critical binding residues. We concluded that phytol has moderate trypanostatic activity but with a great potential in mitigating the host-associated cellular damages while the anaemia amelioration was mediated, in part, through the inhibition of sialidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bello Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Mishra RC, Kumari R, Yadav S, Yadav JP. Target Based Virtual Screening of New Leads Inhibitor against Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsZ for the Discovery of Antibacterial Agents. Med Chem 2020; 16:169-175. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190206233448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Staphylococus epidermidis coagulase negative and gram positive streptococci
have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with the infection of implanted
medical devices and dandruff on human scalp. S. epidermidis filamenting temperature-sensitive
mutant Z (FtsZ) gene encoded FtsZ protein that assembles at future bacterial cell division site that
forms Z-ring structure. FtsZ is a tubulin homolog protein with low sequence similarity; this makes
it possible to inhibit bacterial FtsZ protein without affecting the eukaryote cell division.
Objective:
In the present study, phytochemicals of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Punica granatum
and Glycyrrhiza glabra were virtually screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
epidermidis cell division protein, FtsZ.
Methods:
Molecular docking method was used to investigate new lead inhibitor against bacterial
cell division protein FtsZ. SwissADME and ProTox tool were used to evaluate the toxicity of the
lead molecule.
Results:
Molecular docking based screening confirmed that among 122 phytochemicals, β-
sitosterol and glabrol showed the highest inhibitory activity against FtsZ. SwissADME tool
showed β-sitosterol and glabrol as the ideal antibacterial agents.
Conclusion:
Structure based drug design strategy has been broadly used to optimize antimicrobial
activity of small molecule/ligand against large protein receptor of disease, causing pathogens
which gives a major breakthrough in pharmaceuticals industries. The molecular docking and SwissADME
tool showed that β-sitosterol and glabrol may be developed to be potential topical and
sublingual antibacterial agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish C. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rosy Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya P. Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Ibrahim MA, Isah MB, Tajuddeen N, Hamza SA, Mohammed A. Interaction of Stigmasterol with Trypanosomal Uridylyl Transferase, Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and Sterol 14α-demethylase: An In Silico Prediction of Mechanism of Action. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180711110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases and continues to
cause serious morbidity, mortality and economic loss. Current anti-trypanosomal drugs are antiquated
and suffer from a number of serious setbacks, thereby necessitating the search for new
drugs. Stigmasterol has previously demonstrated in vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity.
Methods:
Herein, stigmasterol was docked into three validated anti-trypanosomal drug targets;
uridylyl transferase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase and sterol 14α-demethylase, in order to elucidate
the possible biochemical targets for the observed anti-trypanosomal activity.
Results:
The binding free energy between stigmasterol and the enzymes was in the order; sterol
14α-demethylase (-8.9 kcal/mol) < uridylyl transferase (-7.9 kcal/mol) < farnesyl diphosphate synthase
(-5.7 kcal/mol). At the lowest energy docked pose, stigmasterol interacts with the active site
of the three trypanosomal enzymes via non-covalent interactions (apart from hydrogen bond) while
highly hydrophobic stigmasterol carbon atoms (21 and 27) were crucial in the interaction with varying
residues of the three anti-trypanosomal targets.
Conclusion:
Therefore, results from this study might suggest that stigmasterol mediated the antitrypanosomal
activity through interaction with the three anti-trypanosomal targets but with more
preference towards sterol 14α-demethylase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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16
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Saad SB, Ibrahim MA, Jatau ID, Shuaibu MN. Trypanostatic activity of geranylacetone: Mitigation of Trypanosoma congolense-associated pathological pertubations and insight into the mechanism of anaemia amelioration using in vitro and in silico models. Exp Parasitol 2019; 201:49-56. [PMID: 31029700 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma congolense is an important pathogen that wreaks havoc in the livestock industry of the African continent. This study evaluated the in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of geranylacetone and its ameliorative effect on the disease-induced anaemia and organ damages as well as its inhibitory effects against trypanosomal sialidase using in vitro and in silico techniques. Geranylacetone was used to treat T. congolense infected rats, at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW, for 14 days where it was found to reduce the parasite burden in the infected animals. Moreover, 100 mg/kg BW of geranylacetone significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the anaemia, hepatic and renal damages caused by the parasite. This is in addition to the alleviation of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly and upsurge in free serum sialic acid levels in the infected animals which were associated with the observed anaemia amelioration by the compound. Consequently, bloodstream T. congolense sialidase was partially purified on DEAE cellulose column and inhibition kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme was inhibited by geranylacetone via an uncompetitive inhibition pattern. In silico analysis using molecular docking with Autodock Vina indicated that geranylacetone binds to trypanosomal sialidase with a minimum free binding energy of -5.8 kcal/mol which was mediated by 26 different kinds of non-covalent interactions excluding hydrogen bond whilst Asp163 and Phe421 had the highest number of the interactions. The data suggests that geranylacetone has trypanostatic activity and could protect animals against the T. congolense-induced anaemia through the inhibition of sialidase and/or the protection of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bello Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Jun X, Fu P, Lei Y, Cheng P. Pharmacological effects of medicinal components of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. Chin Med 2018; 13:59. [PMID: 30505341 PMCID: PMC6260578 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea Thunb. DC. (AL) has a long history as one of the important herbs used in East Asia. This review is on the purpose of providing a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of AL and its extractions. The publication from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley database was collected and summarized. The potential application of AL on the disease could be attributed to its pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other essential effects. Hence, this review aims at providing evidence of the pharmacological activities of AL as one of natural products used in clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Jun
- 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Fu
- 2West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lei
- 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Moniruzzaman M, Mannan MA, Hossen Khan MF, Abir AB, Afroze M. The leaves of Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham. modulate locomotor and anxiety behaviors possibly through GABAergic system. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:283. [PMID: 30340574 PMCID: PMC6194725 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Crataeva nurvala Buch-Hum is an indigenous herb, extensively used in traditional medicines of the South Asian countries to treat inflammation, rheumatic fever, gastric irritation, and constipation. Despite this wide range of uses, very little information is known regarding its effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, this study evaluated the neuropharmacological properties of methanolic extract of Crataeva nurvala leaves (MECN) using a number of behavioral models in animals. This study also identified potentially active phytochemicals in MECN. Methods Following MECN administration (at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg; b.w.) the animals (male Swiss albino mice) were employed in hole-cross test (HCT), open field test (OFT), and rota-rod test (RRT) to evaluate sedative properties, where anxiolytic activities were investigated using elevated plus maze (EPM), light dark box (LDB), and marble burying test (MBT). The involvement of GABAergic system was evaluated using thiopental sodium (TS)-induced sleeping time determination test. Moreover, colorimetric phytochemical tests as well as GC/MS-MS were also conducted to define the phytochemical constituents of MECN. Results MECN possesses sedative properties indicated through the dose-dependent inhibition of locomotor activities of the animals in HCT and OFT and motor coordination in RRT. MECN also exhibited prominent anxiolytic properties through decreased burying behavior in MBT, increased time spent and transitions in open arm of EPM, and increased time spent in light compartment of LDB. In addition, the treatments potentiated TS-mediated hypnosis indicating a possible participation of GABAergic system in the observed sedative and anxiolytic activities. Phytochemical screening of MECN revealed 48 different compounds in it. We reviewed and conceive that the sedative and anxiolytic effects could be due to the presence of neuroactive compounds such as phytol, D-allose, and α-Tocopherol in MECN. Conclusion The present study showed that MECN possesses sedative and anxiolytic potential which could be beneficial in treatment of anxiety and insomnia associated with different psychological disorders.
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