1
|
Chakraborty A, Ghosh R, Soumya Mohapatra S, Barik S, Biswas A, Chowdhuri S. Repurposing of antimycobacterium drugs for COVID-19 treatment by targeting SARS CoV-2 main protease: An in-silico perspective. Gene 2024; 922:148553. [PMID: 38734190 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The global mortality rate has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus. Although the pursuit for a potent antiviral is still in progress, experimental therapies based on repurposing of existing drugs is being attempted. One important therapeutic target for COVID-19 is the main protease (Mpro) that cleaves the viral polyprotein in its replication process. Recently minocycline, an antimycobacterium drug, has been successfully implemented for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. But it's mode of action is still far from clear. Furthermore, it remains unresolved whether alternative antimycobacterium drugs can effectively regulate SARS CoV-2 by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Mpro. To comprehend these facets, eight well-established antimycobacterium drugs were put through molecular docking experiments. Four of the antimycobacterium drugs (minocycline, rifampicin, clofazimine and ofloxacin) were selected by comparing their binding affinities towards Mpro. All of the four drugs interacted with both the catalytic residues of Mpro (His41 and Cys145). Additionally, molecular dynamics experiments demonstrated that the Mpro-minocyline complex has enhanced stability, experiences reduced conformational fluctuations and greater compactness than other three Mpro-antimycobacterium and Mpro-N3/lopinavir complexes. This research furnishes evidences for implementation of minocycline against SARS CoV-2. In addition, our findings also indicate other three antimycobacterium/antituberculosis drugs (rifampicin, clofazimine and ofloxacin) could potentially be evaluated for COVID-19 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Chakraborty
- University Institute of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Subhashree Barik
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashis Biswas
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Snehasis Chowdhuri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai X, Zhou L, He X, Hua J, Chen L, Lu Y. Identification of apoptosis-related gene signatures as potential biomarkers for differentiating active from latent tuberculosis via bioinformatics analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1285493. [PMID: 38312744 PMCID: PMC10834671 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1285493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis is associated with the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study aims to identify apoptosis-related genes as biomarkers for differentiating active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods The tuberculosis (TB) datasets (GSE19491, GSE62525, and GSE28623) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The diagnostic biomarkers differentiating ATB from LTBI were identified by combining the data of protein-protein interaction network, differentially expressed gene, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Machine learning algorithms were employed to validate the diagnostic ability of the biomarkers. Enrichment analysis for biomarkers was established, and potential drugs were predicted. The association between biomarkers and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) or 5-methylated cytosine (m5C) regulators was evaluated. Results Six biomarkers including CASP1, TNFSF10, CASP4, CASP5, IFI16, and ATF3 were obtained for differentiating ATB from LTBI. They showed strong diagnostic performances, with area under ROC (AUC) values > 0.7. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the biomarkers were involved in immune and inflammation responses. Furthermore, 24 drugs, including progesterone and emricasan, were predicted. The correlation analysis revealed that biomarkers were positively correlated with most m6A or m5C regulators. Conclusion The six ARGs can serve as effective biomarkers differentiating ATB from LTBI and provide insight into the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Litian Zhou
- Department of Neurosugery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopu He
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li D, Quan Z, Ni J, Li H, Qing H. The many faces of the zinc finger protein 335 in brain development and immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115257. [PMID: 37541176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 335 (ZNF335) plays a crucial role in the methylation and, consequently, regulates the expression of a specific set of genes. Variants of the ZNF335 gene have been identified as risk factors for microcephaly in a variety of populations worldwide. Meanwhile, ZNF335 has also been identified as an essential regulator of T-cell development. However, an in-depth understanding of the role of ZNF335 in brain development and T cell maturation is still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of ZNF335 in neuronal and T cell development across a wide range of pre-clinical, post-mortem, ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies. We also review the current limitations regarding the study of the pathophysiological functions of ZNF335. Finally, we hypothesize a potential role for ZNF335 in brain disorders and discuss the rationale of targeting ZNF335 as a therapeutic strategy for preventing brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fong YD, Chu JJH. Natural products as Zika antivirals. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1739-1780. [PMID: 35593443 PMCID: PMC9540820 DOI: 10.1002/med.21891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the flavivirus genus and is transmitted in Aedes mosquito vectors. Since its discovery in humans in 1952 in Uganda, ZIKV has been responsible for many outbreaks in South America, Africa, and Asia. Patients infected with ZIKV are usually asymptomatic; mild symptoms include fever, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. However, severe infections may have neurological implications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal microcephaly. To date, there are no existing approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines against ZIKV infections; treatments mainly target the symptoms of infection. Preventive measures against mosquito breeding are the main strategy for limiting the spread of the virus. Antiviral drug research for the treatment of ZIKV infection has been rapidly developing, with many drug candidates emerging from drug repurposing studies, and compound screening. In particular, several studies have demonstrated the potential of natural products as antivirals for ZIKV infection. Hence, this paper will review recent advances in natural products in ZIKV antiviral drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Deborah Fong
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for HFMD, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen P, Chen M, Chen Y, Jing X, Zhang N, Zhou X, Li X, Long G, Hao P. Targeted inhibition of Zika virus infection in human cells by CRISPR-Cas13b. Virus Res 2022; 312:198707. [PMID: 35150770 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks occurred in recent years on an unprecedented scale, which caused fever and severe complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and fetal abnormalities. No vaccines or other effective treatments against ZIKV are available to date. The CRISPR-Cas13 family has the unique ability to target single-strand RNA molecules and mediate RNA cleavage. In the present study, we sought to exploit CRISPR-Cas13b for developing an anti-ZIKV system in mammalian cells. We first generated a ZIKV infection and reporting system by: 1) fusing mCherry to the ZIKV capsid protein for reporting infection by fluorescence; and 2) deriving a 293T cell line (293T-DC-SIGN) stably expressing DC-SIGN (Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) that became highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. The CRISPR Cas13b expression was reported to be in the cytoplasm of 293T-DC-SIGN cells using a Cas13b-GFP fusion expression vector. Fourteen CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) were designed to target the most conserved regions of the ZIKV genome through bioinformatics analysis of 1138 ZIKV genome sequences. Five crRNAs were found to have significant effects (p < 0.001; two-sided t test) for Cas13b-targeted inhibition on ZIKV infection in 293T-DC-SIGN cells. Our study demonstrated an exciting example of using the CRISPR-Cas13b system for the treatment and prevention of ZIKV infection, highlighting CRISPR-Cas13 as a promising therapeutic anti-RNA virus strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity. a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity. a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xinyun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Niubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gang Long
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity. a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pei Hao
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity. a. Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2887-2942. [PMID: 32787752 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200812215852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases are responsible for several deaths around the world. Over the past few years, the world has seen several outbreaks caused by viral diseases that, for a long time, seemed to possess no risk. These are diseases that have been forgotten for a long time and, until nowadays, there are no approved drugs or vaccines, leading the pharmaceutical industry and several research groups to run out of time in the search for new pharmacological treatments or prevention methods. In this context, drug repurposing proves to be a fast and economically viable technique, considering the fact that it uses drugs that have a well-established safety profile. Thus, in this review, we present the main advances in drug repurposing and their benefit for searching new treatments against emerging viral diseases. METHODS We conducted a search in the bibliographic databases (Science Direct, Bentham Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS Publisher, Wiley, and NIH's COVID-19 Portfolio) using the keywords "drug repurposing", "emerging viral infections" and each of the diseases reported here (CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV and MARV) as an inclusion/exclusion criterion. A subjective analysis was performed regarding the quality of the works for inclusion in this manuscript. Thus, the selected works were those that presented drugs repositioned against the emerging viral diseases presented here by means of computational, high-throughput screening or phenotype-based strategies, with no time limit and of relevant scientific value. RESULTS 291 papers were selected, 24 of which were CHIKV; 52 for ZIKV; 43 for DENV; 35 for EBOV; 10 for MARV; and 56 for CoV and the rest (72 papers) related to the drugs repurposing and emerging viral diseases. Among CoV-related articles, most were published in 2020 (31 papers), updating the current topic. Besides, between the years 2003 - 2005, 10 articles were created, and from 2011 - 2015, there were 7 articles, portraying the outbreaks that occurred at that time. For ZIKV, similar to CoV, most publications were during the period of outbreaks between the years 2016 - 2017 (23 articles). Similarly, most CHIKV (13 papers) and DENV (14 papers) publications occur at the same time interval. For EBOV (13 papers) and MARV (4 papers), they were between the years 2015 - 2016. Through this review, several drugs were highlighted that can be evolved in vivo and clinical trials as possible used against these pathogens showed that remdesivir represent potential treatments against CoV. Furthermore, ribavirin may also be a potential treatment against CHIKV; sofosbuvir against ZIKV; celgosivir against DENV, and favipiravir against EBOV and MARV, representing new hopes against these pathogens. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this review manuscript show the potential of the drug repurposing strategy in the discovery of new pharmaceutical products, as from this approach, drugs could be used against emerging viral diseases. Thus, this strategy deserves more attention among research groups and is a promising approach to the discovery of new drugs against emerging viral diseases and also other diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cyclin-dependent Kinases as Emerging Targets for Developing Novel Antiviral Therapeutics. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:836-848. [PMID: 33618979 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Besides its prominent role in cell proliferation, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key players in viral infections as both DNA and RNA viruses modify CDK function to favor viral replication. Recently, a number of specific pharmacological CDK inhibitors have been developed and approved for cancer treatment. The repurposing of these specific CDK inhibitors for the treatment of viral infections may represent a novel effective therapeutic strategy to combat old and emergent viruses. In this review, we describe the role, mechanisms of action, and potential of CDKs as antiviral drug targets. We also discuss the current clinical state of novel specific CDK inhibitors, focusing on their putative use as antivirals, especially against new emerging viruses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Li G, Chen G, Zhu N, Wu D, Wu Y, James TD. Recent progresses and remaining challenges for the detection of Zika virus. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2039-2108. [PMID: 33559917 DOI: 10.1002/med.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a particularly notorious mosquito-borne flavivirus, which can lead to a devastating congenital syndrome in the fetuses of pregnant mothers (e.g., microcephaly, spasticity, craniofacial disproportion, miscarriage, and ocular abnormalities) and cause the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barre' syndrome of adults. Due to its severity and rapid dispersal over several continents, ZIKV has been acknowledged to be a global health concern by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the ZIKV has recently resurged in India with the potential for devastating effects. Researchers from all around the world have worked tirelessly to develop effective detection strategies and vaccines for the prevention and control of ZIKV infection. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the most recent research into ZIKV, including the structural biology and evolution, historical overview, pathogenesis, symptoms, and transmission. We then focus on the detection strategies for ZIKV, including viral isolation, serological assays, molecular assays, sensing methods, reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification, transcription-mediated amplification technology, reverse transcription strand invasion based amplification, bioplasmonic paper-based device, and reverse transcription isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification. To conclude, we examine the limitations of currently available strategies for the detection of ZIKV, and outline future opportunities and research challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Niu Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Targeted Computational Screen of the SWEETLEAD Database Reveals FDA-Approved Compounds with Anti-Dengue Viral Activity. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02839-20. [PMID: 33173007 PMCID: PMC7667029 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02839-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Affordable and effective antiviral therapies are needed worldwide, especially against agents such as dengue virus that are endemic in underserved regions. Many antiviral compounds have been studied in cultured cells but are unsuitable for clinical applications due to pharmacokinetic profiles, side effects, or inconsistent efficacy across dengue serotypes. Such tool compounds can, however, aid in identifying clinically useful treatments. Here, computational screening (Rapid Overlay of Chemical Structures) was used to identify entries in an in silico database of safe-in-human compounds (SWEETLEAD) that display high chemical similarities to known inhibitors of dengue virus. Inhibitors of the dengue proteinase NS2B/3, the dengue capsid, and the host autophagy pathway were used as query compounds. Three FDA-approved compounds that resemble the tool molecules structurally, cause little toxicity, and display strong antiviral activity in cultured cells were selected for further analysis. Pyrimethamine (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 1.2 μM), like the dengue proteinase inhibitor ARDP0006 to which it shows structural similarity, inhibited intramolecular NS2B/3 cleavage. Lack of toxicity early in infection allowed testing in mice, in which pyrimethamine also reduced viral loads. Niclosamide (IC50 = 0.28 μM), like dengue core inhibitor ST-148, affected structural components of the virion and inhibited early processes during infection. Vandetanib (IC50 = 1.6 μM), like cellular autophagy inhibitor spautin-1, blocked viral exit from cells and could be shown to extend survival in vivo Thus, three FDA-approved compounds with promising utility for repurposing to treat dengue virus infections and their potential mechanisms were identified using computational tools and minimal phenotypic screening.IMPORTANCE No antiviral therapeutics are currently available for dengue virus infections. By computationally overlaying the three-dimensional (3D) chemical structures of compounds known to inhibit dengue virus over those of compounds known to be safe in humans, we identified three FDA-approved compounds that are attractive candidates for repurposing as antivirals. We identified targets for two previously identified antiviral compounds and revealed a previously unknown potential anti-dengue compound, vandetanib. This computational approach to analyze a highly curated library of structures has the benefits of speed and cost efficiency. It also leverages mechanistic work with query compounds used in biomedical research to provide strong hypotheses for the antiviral mechanisms of the safer hit compounds. This workflow to identify compounds with known safety profiles can be expanded to any biological activity for which a small-molecule query compound has been identified, potentially expediting the translation of basic research to clinical interventions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen X, Anderson LJ, Rostad CA, Ding L, Lai L, Mulligan M, Rouphael N, Natrajan MS, McCracken C, Anderson EJ. Development and optimization of a Zika virus antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. J Immunol Methods 2020; 488:112900. [PMID: 33075363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global public health issue due to its teratogenicity and ability to cause Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Although anti-ZIKV envelope protein neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection, the non-neutralizing function of ZIKV antibodies including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is incompletely understood. To study the role of ADCC antibodies during ZIKV infections, we generated a stably transfected, dual-reporter target cell line with inducible expression of a chimeric ZIKV prM-E protein on the cell surface as the target cell for the assay. By using this assay, nine of ten serum samples from ZIKV-infected patients had >20% ADCC killing of target cells, whereas none of the 12 healthy control sera had >10% ADCC killing. We also observed a time-dependent ADCC response in 2 patients with Zika. This demonstrates that this assay can detect ZIKV ADCC with high sensitivity and specificity, which could be useful for measurement of ADCC responses to ZIKV infection or vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingmei Ding
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and NYU Langone Vaccine Center, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alam A, Siddiqui MF, Imam N, Ali R, Mushtaque M, Ishrat R. Covid-19: current knowledge, disease potential, prevention and clinical advances. Turk J Biol 2020; 44:121-131. [PMID: 32595349 PMCID: PMC7314501 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The top priority of any nation is to lead the nation towards prosperity, progress, and economic growth, confronting several challenges and concerns arisen from global situations. The sudden outbreak of any disease defies the health care systems and economy of nations. COVID-19 is one of the viral diseases which broke out in Wuhan city of China in 2019. COVID-19 outbreak intermittently prevailed all over the world. It exposes the fragility of the established health care systems across the world in spite of comprising modern science and technology. Unfortunately, there is no chemotherapeutic agent in the regimen of antiviral drugs or no vaccine available to curb this infectious disease. As a consequence, this deadly infection has prevailed all over the world. The antiviral drugs used for viral diseases excluding COVID-19 infection are Ramdesvir, Favipiravir, and Ribavarin, and antimalarial agents (Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine) are being administered to the patients for redemption of this infection. Fortunately, these existing drugs have been found clinically active and are being used. In this review, we present the current scenario and status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development for COVID-19, and its impact on the socio-economic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, JMI University, New Delhi India
| | - Mohd Faizan Siddiqui
- International Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh City, Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nikhat Imam
- Institute of Computer Science & Information Technology, Department of Mathematics, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar India
| | - Rafat Ali
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, JMI University, New Delhi India
| | - Md Mushtaque
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Molecular Sciences, Al-Falah University, Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, JMI University, New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palanichamy K, Joshi A, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Bravo MF, Shlain MA, Schiro F, Naeem Y, Garg H, Braunschweig AB. Anti-Zika Activity of a Library of Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4110-4119. [PMID: 30925051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a global health concern because of its association with severe neurological disorders. Currently, there are no antiviral therapies that have been specifically approved to treat ZIKV, and there is an urgent need to develop effective anti-ZIKV agents. Here, we report anti-ZIKV activity of 16 synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) that inhibit ZIKV infection in Vero and HeLa cells. Using a ZIKV reporter virus particle-based infection assay, our data demonstrates these SCRs are highly potent with IC50s as low as 0.16 μM and negligible toxicity at several-fold higher concentrations. Time-of-addition studies showed that these SCRs inhibit the early stages of the virus infection, which is consistent with the proposed mode of action, where the SCRs likely inhibit binding between the virus and cell-surface glycans, thereby preventing viral entry into the cells and, as such, this study demonstrates a potential new strategy against ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso , 5001 El Paso Drive , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso , 5001 El Paso Drive , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - M Fernando Bravo
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Milan A Shlain
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Frank Schiro
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Yasir Naeem
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso , 5001 El Paso Drive , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
ZIKA virus entry mechanisms in human cells. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
ICR suckling mouse model of Zika virus infection for disease modeling and drug validation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006848. [PMID: 30356305 PMCID: PMC6218097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes diseases ranging from acute self-limiting febrile illness to life-threatening Guillain–Barré Syndrome and other neurological disorders in adults. Cumulative evidence suggests an association between ZIKV infection and microcephaly in newborn infants. Given the host-range restrictions of the virus, a susceptible animal model infected by ZIKV must be developed for evaluation of vaccines and antivirals. In this study, we propose a convenient mouse model for analysis of neurological disorders caused by ZIKV. Methodology Six-day-old immunocompetent ICR suckling mice were used in the experiment. Different inoculum virus concentrations, challenge routes, and challenge times were assessed. Viremic dissemination was determined in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain through Western blot assay, plaque assay, absolute quantification real-time PCR, and histological observation. Azithromycin, a well-characterized anti-ZIKV compound, was used to evaluate the ICR suckling mouse model for antiviral testing. Conclusions Signs of illness and neurological disease and high mortality rate were observed in mice injected with ZIKV intracerebrally (102 to 105) and intraperitoneally (103 to 105). Viremic dissemination was observed in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. ZIKV transmitted, rapid replicated, and induced monocyte infiltration into the brain approximately 5 to 6 days post inoculum. Azithromycin conferred protection against ZIKV-caused neurological and life-threatening diseases. The developed model of ZIKV infection and disease can be used for screening drugs against ZIKV and discovering the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis. Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging threat to human health worldwide. In 2007, a ZIKV outbreak was reported in the Yap Island of Micronesia and was the first outbreak outside Africa and Asia. In 2013 and 2014, another ZIKV outbreak was reported in French Polynesia, and more than 28,800 people were infected by ZIKV. In 2015, the first ZIKV outbreak in America was reported in Brazil; the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported a 20-fold increase in cases of neonatal microcephaly, which was geographically and temporally correlated with the ZIKV outbreak. Recent evidence demonstrated that ZIKV infection leads to severe syndromes, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly in adults and infants, respectively. Thus far, anti-ZIKV drugs and vaccines have not been developed yet. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we propose a small animal model of wild-type ZIKV infection and associated neurological disorders. In the animal model, ZIKV causes signs of illness and neurological disease, potentially emulating the hallmark of ZIKV infection in human. These features can be used to study the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis. The newly developed Zika disease model provides an immunocompetent and time saving framework for development of drugs against ZIKV and ZIKV-caused diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kao JC, HuangFu WC, Tsai TT, Ho MR, Jhan MK, Shen TJ, Tseng PC, Wang YT, Lin CF. The antiparasitic drug niclosamide inhibits dengue virus infection by interfering with endosomal acidification independent of mTOR. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006715. [PMID: 30125275 PMCID: PMC6117097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antiparasitic agent niclosamide has been demonstrated to inhibit the arthropod-borne Zika virus. Here, we investigated the antiviral capacity of niclosamide against dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 infection in vitro and in vivo. Principle finding Niclosamide effectively retarded DENV-induced infection in vitro in human adenocarcinoma cells (A549), mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a), and baby hamster kidney fibroblasts (BHK-21). Treatment with niclosamide did not retard the endocytosis of DENV while niclosamide was unable to enhance the antiviral type I interferon response. Furthermore, niclosamide did not cause a direct effect on viral replicon-based expression. Niclosamide has been reported to competitively inhibit the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathways; however, selective inhibitors of those pathways did not reduce DENV infection. Similar to the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1, both niclosamide and other protonophores, such as CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone), and FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone), effectively reduced endosomal acidification and viral dsRNA replication. Co-administration of a single dose of niclosamide partially decreased viral replication, viral encephalitis, and mortality in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Significance These results demonstrate that niclosamide diminishes viral infection by hindering endosomal acidification. Dengue and severe dengue cause global health concerns annually. Without antiviral drugs, supportive care is the only treatment option for patients with DENV infection. A current vaccine has been approved for protection against DENV infection; however, the potential risks and challenges associated with the immunopathogenesis of DENV remain unresolved. For anti-dengue therapy, the repurposing of drugs with antimicrobial and anticancer properties is a possible pharmacological strategy. In this study, we evaluated the potential antiviral effects of the antiparasitic drug niclosamide, considering its current pharmacological efficacy against arthropod-borne Zika virus infection. Using in vitro and in vivo models of DENV infection, we demonstrated that one of the therapeutic effects of niclosamide is to significantly target endosomal acidification. Following safety screening, repurposing niclosamide treatment may facilitate the development of anti-dengue drugs in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Chi Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun HuangFu
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ru Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilder-Smith A, Vannice K, Durbin A, Hombach J, Thomas SJ, Thevarjan I, Simmons CP. Zika vaccines and therapeutics: landscape analysis and challenges ahead. BMC Med 2018; 16:84. [PMID: 29871628 PMCID: PMC5989336 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine candidates are currently in development. Nevertheless, unique challenges in clinical development and regulatory pathways may hinder the licensure of high-quality, safe, and effective ZIKV vaccines. DISCUSSION Implementing phase 3 efficacy trials will be difficult given the challenges of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of ZIKV transmission, the unpredictability of ZIKV epidemics, the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations making a single definite endpoint difficult, a lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic assays, and the need for inclusion of vulnerable target populations. In addition to a vaccine, drugs for primary prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis, or treatment should also be developed to prevent or mitigate the severity of congenital Zika syndrome. CONCLUSION Establishing the feasibility of immune correlates and/or surrogates are a priority. Given the challenges in conducting phase 3 trials at a time of waning incidence, human challenge trials should be considered to evaluate efficacy. Continued financial support and engagement of industry partners will be essential to the successful development, licensure, and accessibility of Zika vaccines or therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
| | - Kirsten Vannice
- Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joachim Hombach
- Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Irani Thevarjan
- Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute of Vector-borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robin B McFee
- Department of Emergency/Family Medicine, Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, USA.
| | - Larry Bush
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA; University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Palm Beach County, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Vazquez-Pertejo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wellington Regional Medical Center, Blue Health, LLC, Palm Beach County, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Devillers J. Repurposing drugs for use against Zika virus infection. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 29:103-115. [PMID: 29299939 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1411642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus for which there are no vaccines or specific therapeutics. To find drugs active on the virus is a complex, expensive and time-consuming process. The prospect of drug repurposing, which consists of finding new indications for existing drugs, is an interesting alternative to expedite drug development for specific diseases. In theory, drug repurposing is also able to respond much more rapidly to a crisis than a classical drug discovery process. Consequently, the methodology is attractive for vector-borne diseases that can emerge or re-emerge worldwide with the risk to become pandemic quickly. Different drugs, showing various structures, have been repurposed to be used against ZIKV infection. They are reviewed in this study and the conditions for their potential use in practice are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan FN, Qazi S, Tanveer K, Raza K. A review on the antagonist Ebola: A prophylactic approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1513-1526. [PMID: 29208326 PMCID: PMC7126370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of Filoviridae virus family under the genus Ebolavirus, has emerged as a dangerous and potential threat to human health globally. It causes a severe and deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, called Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). In recent outbreaks of EVD, there has been loss of large numbers of individual’s life. Therefore, EBOV has attracted researchers and increased interests in developing new models for virus evolution, and therapies. The EBOV interacts with the immune system of the host which led to understand how the virus functions and effects immune system behaviour. This article presents an exhaustive review on Ebola research which includes EVD illness, symptoms, transmission patterns, patho-physiology conditions, development of antiviral agents and vaccines, resilient health system, dynamics and mathematical model of EBOV, challenges and prospects for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Nazish Khan
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sahar Qazi
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Khushnuma Tanveer
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Javed F, Manzoor KN, Ali M, Haq IU, Khan AA, Zaib A, Manzoor S. Zika virus: what we need to know? J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:3-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farakh Javed
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashar Ali
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Irshad U. Haq
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Abid A. Khan
- Department of Biosciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Assad Zaib
- Department of Medical Lab Technology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Bio-Sciences; National University of Science and Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Munjal A, Khandia R, Dhama K, Sachan S, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Kumar D, Singh RK, Iqbal HMN, Joshi SK. Advances in Developing Therapies to Combat Zika Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1469. [PMID: 28824594 PMCID: PMC5541032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remained largely quiescent for nearly six decades after its first appearance in 1947. ZIKV reappeared after 2007, resulting in a declaration of an international "public health emergency" in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until this time, ZIKV was considered to induce only mild illness, but it has now been established as the cause of severe clinical manifestations, including fetal anomalies, neurological problems, and autoimmune disorders. Infection during pregnancy can cause congenital brain abnormalities, including microcephaly and neurological degeneration, and in other cases, Guillain-Barré syndrome, making infections with ZIKV a substantial public health concern. Genomic and molecular investigations are underway to investigate ZIKV pathology and its recent enhanced pathogenicity, as well as to design safe and potent vaccines, drugs, and therapeutics. This review describes progress in the design and development of various anti-ZIKV therapeutics, including drugs targeting virus entry into cells and the helicase protein, nucleosides, inhibitors of NS3 protein, small molecules, methyltransferase inhibitors, interferons, repurposed drugs, drugs designed with the aid of computers, neutralizing antibodies, convalescent serum, antibodies that limit antibody-dependent enhancement, and herbal medicines. Additionally, covalent inhibitors of viral protein expression and anti-Toll-like receptor molecules are discussed. To counter ZIKV-associated disease, we need to make rapid progress in developing novel therapies that work effectually to inhibit ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah UniversityBhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah UniversityBhopal, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
- *Correspondence: Kuldeep Dhama,
| | - Swati Sachan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan SansthanMathura, India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Raj K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus MonterreyMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Sunil K. Joshi
- Cellular Immunology Lab, Frank Reidy Research Center of Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, NorfolkVA, United States
| |
Collapse
|