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Neves A, Albuquerque T, Faria R, Santos CRA, Vivès E, Boisguérin P, Carneiro D, Bruno DF, Pavlaki MD, Loureiro S, Sousa Â, Costa D. Evidence That a Peptide-Drug/p53 Gene Complex Promotes Cognate Gene Expression and Inhibits the Viability of Glioblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:781. [PMID: 38931902 PMCID: PMC11207567 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is considered the deadliest brain cancer. Conventional therapies are followed by poor patient survival outcomes, so novel and more efficacious therapeutic strategies are imperative to tackle this scourge. Gene therapy has emerged as an exciting and innovative tool in cancer therapy. Its combination with chemotherapy has significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. In line with this, our team has developed temozolomide-transferrin (Tf) peptide (WRAP5)/p53 gene nanometric complexes that were revealed to be biocompatible with non-cancerous cells and in a zebrafish model and were able to efficiently target and internalize into SNB19 and U373 glioma cell lines. The transfection of these cells, mediated by the formulated peptide-drug/gene complexes, resulted in p53 expression. The combined action of the anticancer drug with p53 supplementation in cancer cells enhances cytotoxicity, which was correlated to apoptosis activation through quantification of caspase-3 activity. In addition, increased caspase-9 levels revealed that the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was implicated. This assumption was further evidenced by the presence, in glioma cells, of Bax protein overexpression-a core regulator of this apoptotic pathway. Our findings demonstrated the great potential of peptide TMZ/p53 co-delivery complexes for cellular transfection, p53 expression, and apoptosis induction, holding promising therapeutic value toward glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Neves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.N.); (T.A.); (R.F.); (C.R.A.S.); (Â.S.)
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.N.); (T.A.); (R.F.); (C.R.A.S.); (Â.S.)
| | - Rúben Faria
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.N.); (T.A.); (R.F.); (C.R.A.S.); (Â.S.)
| | - Cecília R. A. Santos
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.N.); (T.A.); (R.F.); (C.R.A.S.); (Â.S.)
| | - Eric Vivès
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Diana Carneiro
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (D.F.B.); (M.D.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Daniel F. Bruno
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (D.F.B.); (M.D.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria D. Pavlaki
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (D.F.B.); (M.D.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (D.F.B.); (M.D.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.N.); (T.A.); (R.F.); (C.R.A.S.); (Â.S.)
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.N.); (T.A.); (R.F.); (C.R.A.S.); (Â.S.)
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Liu Y, Tang Q, Tao Q, Dong H, Shi Z, Zhou L. Low-frequency magnetic field therapy for glioblastoma: Current advances, mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00125-5. [PMID: 38565404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Despite recent advances in multimodal GBM therapy incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy), and supportive care, the overall survival (OS) remains poor, and long-term survival is rare. Currently, the primary obstacles hindering the effectiveness of GBM treatment are still the blood-brain barrier and tumor heterogeneity. In light of its substantial advantages over conventional therapies, such as strong penetrative ability and minimal side effects, low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs) therapy has gradually caught the attention of scientists. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we shed the light on the current status of applying LF-MFs in the treatment of GBM. We specifically emphasize our current understanding of the mechanisms by which LF-MFs mediate anticancer effects and the challenges faced by LF-MFs in treating GBM cells. Furthermore, we discuss the prospective applications of magnetic field therapy in the future treatment of GBM. Key scientific concepts of review: The review explores the current progress on the use of LF-MFs in the treatment of GBM with a special focus on the potential underlying mechanisms of LF-MFs in anticancer effects. Additionally, we also discussed the complex magnetic field features and biological characteristics related to magnetic bioeffects. Finally, we proposed a promising magnetic field treatment strategy for future applications in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China
| | - Quan Tao
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China.
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China.
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Zahumenska R, Badurova B, Pavelek M, Sojka P, Pavlisova T, Spanik P, Sivonova MK, Novakova S, Strnadel J, Halasova E, Frivaldsky M, Skovierova H. Comparison of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic field generated by WPT system on human dermal and neural cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5514. [PMID: 38448548 PMCID: PMC10918061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, we have seen significant technical progress in the modern world, leading to the widespread use of telecommunications systems, electrical appliances, and wireless technologies. These devices generate electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and electromagnetic fields (EMF) most often in the extremely low frequency or radio-frequency range. Therefore, they were included in the group of environmental risk factors that affect the human body and health on a daily basis. In this study, we tested the effect of exposure EMF generated by a new prototype wireless charging system on four human cell lines (normal cell lines-HDFa, NHA; tumor cell lines-SH-SY5Y, T98G). We tested different operating parameters of the wireless power transfer (WPT) device (87-207 kHz, 1.01-1.05 kW, 1.3-1.7 mT) at different exposure times (pulsed 6 × 10 min; continuous 1 × 60 min). We observed the effect of EMF on cell morphology and cytoskeletal changes, cell viability and mitotic activity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The results of our study did not show any negative effect of the generated EMF on either normal cells or tumor cell lines. However, in order to be able to estimate the risk, further population and epidemiological studies are needed, which would reveal the clinical consequences of EMF impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Zahumenska
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Bibiana Badurova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Pavelek
- Department of Mechatronics and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Zilina, 010 26, Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Peter Sojka
- Department of Mechatronics and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Zilina, 010 26, Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Tereza Pavlisova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Spanik
- Department of Mechatronics and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Zilina, 010 26, Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Monika Kmetova Sivonova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Novakova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Strnadel
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halasova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michal Frivaldsky
- Department of Mechatronics and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Zilina, 010 26, Žilina, Slovakia.
| | - Henrieta Skovierova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.
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Aydemir E, Arslan İİ, Görkay AH. The Application of Electromagnetic Fields in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:103-120. [PMID: 37755661 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has attracted interest in cancer research during the past few decades due to its noninvasive therapeutic successes in the treatment of cancer. Some epidemiological studies suggest that there may be a link between exposure to EMF and developing malignancies (such as leukemia and gliomas) or neurodegenerative diseases since EMF has a variety of biological effects such as altering reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated pathways. EMF exposure, however, has the potential to cause cancer cells to undergo a period of regulated cell death. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly investigate how EMF might influence cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis - processes that are targeted in cancer treatment. In this chapter, we give a thorough summary of the most recent studies on the potential use of various EMF applications with adjustable settings to treat different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İsmail İshak Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hakan Görkay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Amirinejad M, Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Nematollahi Mahani SN, Salari M, Yahyapour R, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Exposure to Low-Frequency Radiation Changes the Expression of Nestin, VEGF, BCRP and Apoptosis Markers During Glioma Treatment Strategy: An In Vitro Study. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:55-67. [PMID: 38817005 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710258350230921065159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to physical contamination during chemotherapy, including non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, raises concerns about the widespread sources of exposure to this type of radiation. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor that is hard to treat due to resistance to drugs such as temozolomide (TMZ). OBJECTIVE Electromagnetic fields (EMF) and haloperidol (HLP) may have anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of TMZ, HLP, and EMF on GBM cell lines and analyzed the association between non-ionizing radiation and the risk of change in drug performance. METHODS Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured by MTT and NBT assay, respectively. Then, the expression levels of breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), Bax, Bcl2, Nestin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes, and P53, Bax, and Bcl2 Proteins were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS Co-treatment of GBM cells by HLP and TMZ enhanced apoptosis in T-98G and A172 cells by increasing the expression of P53 and Bax and decreasing Bcl-2. Interestingly, exposure of GBM cells to EMF decreased apoptosis in the TMZ+HLP group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, EMF reduced the synergistic effect of TMZ and HLP. This hypothesis that patients who are treated for brain tumors and suffer from depression should not be exposed to EMF is proposed in the present study. There appears to be an urgent need to reconsider exposure limits for low-frequency magnetic fields, based on experimental and epidemiological research, the relationship between exposure to non-ionizing radiation and adverse human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amirinejad
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Eftekhar-Vaghefi
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Rasoul Yahyapour
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mehdizadeh R, Ansari AM, Forouzesh F, Ghadirian R, Shahriari F, Shariatpanahi SP, Javidi MA. Cross-talk between non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and metastasis; EMT and hybrid E/M may explain the anticancer role of EMFs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00060-3. [PMID: 37302516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (NIEMFs) in a specific frequency, intensity, and exposure time can have anti-cancer effects on various cancer cells; however, the underlying precise mechanism of action is not transparent. Most cancer deaths are due to metastasis. This important phenomenon plays an inevitable role in different steps of cancer including progression and development. It has different stages including invasion, intravasation, migration, extravasation, and homing. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hybrid E/M state, are biological processes, that involve both natural embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, and abnormal conditions including organ fibrosis or metastasis. In this context, some evidence reveals possible footprints of the important EMT-related pathways which may be affected in different EMFs treatments. In this article, critical EMT molecules and/or pathways which can be potentially affected by EMFs (e.g., VEGFR, ROS, P53, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Cyclin B1, and NF-кB) are discussed to shed light on the mechanism of EMFs anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mehdizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou Y, Xing X, Zhou J, Jiang H, Cen P, Jin C, Zhong Y, Zhou R, Wang J, Tian M, Zhang H. Therapeutic potential of tumor treating fields for malignant brain tumors. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1813. [PMID: 36987739 PMCID: PMC10172187 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant brain tumors are among the most threatening diseases of the central nervous system, and despite increasingly updated treatments, the prognosis has not been improved. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are an emerging approach in cancer treatment using intermediate-frequency and low-intensity electric field and can lead to the development of novel therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS A series of biological processes induced by TTFields to exert anti-cancer effects have been identified. Recent studies have shown that TTFields can alter the bioelectrical state of macromolecules and organelles involved in cancer biology. Massive alterations in cancer cell proteomics and transcriptomics caused by TTFields were related to cell biological processes as well as multiple organelle structures and activities. This review addresses the mechanisms of TTFields and recent advances in the application of TTFields therapy in malignant brain tumors, especially in glioblastoma (GBM). CONCLUSIONS As a novel therapeutic strategy, TTFields have shown promising results in many clinical trials, especially in GBM, and continue to evolve. A growing number of patients with malignant brain tumors are being enrolled in ongoing clinical studies demonstrating that TTFields-based combination therapies can improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Peili Cen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ghazarian S, Kalantar Z, Majid Hashemianzadeh S. An exploration of efficiency of proposed drug delivery system including BNNT, C48N12, and TMZ in treating of glioblastoma through classical molecular dynamics. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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The effect of Azo-dyes on glioblastoma cells in vitro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103599. [PMID: 36874201 PMCID: PMC9975690 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the multidisciplinary standard treatment of glioblastoma (GB) consisting of maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy (RT) plus concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), the majority of patients experience tumor progression and almost universal mortality. In recent years, efforts have been made to create new agents for GB treatment, of which azo-dyes proved to be potential candidates, showing antiproliferative effects by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting different signaling pathways. In this study we evaluated the antiproliferative the effect of six azo-dyes and TMZ on a low passage human GB cell line using MTT assay. We found that all compounds proved antiproliferative properties on GB cells. At equimolar concentrations azo-dyes induced more cytotoxic effect than TMZ. We found that Methyl Orange required the lowest IC50 for 3 days of treatment (26.4684 μM), whilst for 7 days of treatment, two azo dyes proved to have the highest potency: Methyl Orange IC50 = 13.8808 μM and Sudan I IC50 = 12.4829 μM. The highest IC50 was determined for TMZ under both experimental situations. Conclusions: Our research represents a novelty, by offering unique valuable data regarding the azo-dye cyototoxic effects in high grade brain tumors. This study may focus the attention on azo-dye agents that may represent an insufficient exploited source of agents for cancer treatment.
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Huang M, Li P, Chen F, Cai Z, Yang S, Zheng X, Li W. Is extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields applicable to gliomas? A literature review of the underlying mechanisms and application of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields. Cancer Med 2022; 12:2187-2198. [PMID: 35929424 PMCID: PMC9939155 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas refer to a group of complicated human brain tumors with a low 5-year survival rate and limited therapeutic options. Extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) is a specific magnetic field featuring almost no side effects. However, the application of ELF-PEMF in the treatment of gliomas is rare. This review summarizes five significant underlying mechanisms including calcium ions, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reactive oxygen species, and applications of ELF-PEMF in glioma treatment from a clinical practice perspective. In addition, the prospects of ELF-PEMF in combination with conventional therapy for the treatment of gliomas are reviewed. This review benefits any specialists, especially oncologists, interested in this new therapy because it can help treat patients with gliomas properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Huang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Parker Li
- Clinical MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zehao Cai
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shoubo Yang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenbin Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Tumor-Treating Fields in Glioblastomas: Past, Present, and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153669. [PMID: 35954334 PMCID: PMC9367615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Although the standard of care, including maximal resection, concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), and adjuvant TMZ, has largely improved the prognosis of these patients, the 5-year survival rate is still < 10%. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields), a noninvasive anticancer therapeutic modality, has been rising as a fourth treatment option for GBMs, as confirmed by recent milestone large-scale phase 3 randomized trials and subsequent real-world data, elongating patient overall survival from 16 months to 21 months. However, the mechanisms of antitumor efficacy, its clinical safety, and potential benefits when combined with other treatment modalities are far from completely elucidated. As an increasing number of studies have recently been published on this topic, we conducted this updated, comprehensive review to establish an objective understanding of the mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, clinical concerns, and future perspectives of TTFields. Abstract Tumor-treating fields (TTFields), a noninvasive and innovative therapeutic approach, has emerged as the fourth most effective treatment option for the management of glioblastomas (GBMs), the most deadly primary brain cancer. According to on recent milestone randomized trials and subsequent observational data, TTFields therapy leads to substantially prolonged patient survival and acceptable adverse events. Clinical trials are ongoing to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of TTFields in treating GBMs and its biological and radiological correlations. TTFields is administered by delivering low-intensity, intermediate-frequency, alternating electric fields to human GBM function through different mechanisms of action, including by disturbing cell mitosis, delaying DNA repair, enhancing autophagy, inhibiting cell metabolism and angiogenesis, and limiting cancer cell migration. The abilities of TTFields to strengthen intratumoral antitumor immunity, increase the permeability of the cell membrane and the blood–brain barrier, and disrupt DNA-damage-repair processes make it a promising therapy when combined with conventional treatment modalities. However, the overall acceptance of TTFields in real-world clinical practice is still low. Given that increasing studies on this promising topic have been published recently, we conducted this updated review on the past, present, and future of TTFields in GBMs.
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Shibaki R, Kakikawa M. Different effects of magnetic field on drug activity in human uterine sarcoma cell lines MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:343-351. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2095645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reo Shibaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Kakikawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Nieminen V, Juntunen M, Naarala J, Luukkonen J. Static or 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100 μT do not modify the clonogenic survival of doxorubicin-treated MCF-7 cancer cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kıyga E, Adıgüzel Z, Önay Uçar E. Temozolomide increases heat shock proteins in extracellular vesicles released from glioblastoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8701-8713. [PMID: 35752701 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and the fastest-progressing type of primary brain tumours. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of GBM. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently confirmed to have a substantial role in the GBM, and their contents released from GBM cells have been considered a target for treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of TMZ on heat shock proteins (HSPs) derived from EVs originated from GBM cell lines (U87-MG and LN229) and the significance of EVs in response to chemotherapy in GBM. METHODS AND RESULTS NTA, ELISA, and immunoblotting were used to characterization studies of EVs and results showed that U87-MG cells released many EVs compared to LN229 cells. The effect of TMZ treatments on HSPs expression levels were assessed with immunoblotting and was found to be led to increases in HSF-1, Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60 and Hsp27 expression in GBM cells and their EV contents, which these increases are related to therapeutic resistance. What is more, in Real-time PCR studies showing which signalling pathways might be associated with these increases, it was observed that TMZ triggered the expression of RAD51 and MDM2 genes in cells and EV contents. More strikingly, we discover a correlation between EV and parental cells in regard of mRNA and protein level in both cell lines as a result of TMZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest of EVs in the treatment of GBM may have potential biomarkers that can be used to investigate the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kıyga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zelal Adıgüzel
- Basic Medical Sciences Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Evren Önay Uçar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mustafa E, Makinistian L, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Do 50/60 Hz magnetic fields influence oxidative or DNA damage responses in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells? Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1581-1591. [PMID: 35320060 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2055803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated possible effects of 50 Hz and 60 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, DNA damage repair rate, as well as gene expression related to oxidative stress and DNA damage signaling.Materials and methods: Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were sham-exposed or exposed to 100 µTRMS MFs for 24 h, then assayed or further treated with 100 µM menadione for 1 h before the assay. The levels of ROS and cytosolic superoxide anion (O2•-) were assayed fluorometrically. DNA damage and gene expression were assayed by comet assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. To examine whether MFs affected DNA damage repair rate, cells were allowed to repair their DNA for 1 or 2 h after menadione treatment and then assayed for DNA damage.Results: There was suggestive evidence of a general low-magnitude increase in the expression of ROS-related genes (primarily genes with antioxidant activity) when quantified immediately after MF exposure, suggesting a response to a small increase in ROS level. The possible upregulation of ROS-related genes is supported by the finding that the level of menadione-induced ROS was consistently decreased by 50 Hz MFs (not significantly by 60 Hz MFs) in several measurements 30 - 60 min after MF exposure. MF exposures did not affect cytosolic O2•- levels, DNA damage, or its repair rate. Changes in the expression of DNA damage-signaling genes in the MF-exposed cells did not exceed the expected rate of false positive findings. No firm evidence was found for differential effects from 50 Hz vs. 60 Hz MFs.Conclusions: While only weak effects were found on the endpoints measured, the results are consistent with MF effects on ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mustafa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Physics and Institute of Applied Physics (INFAP), Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Mohamed AF, Nasr M, Amer ME, Abuamara TMM, Abd-Elhay WM, Kaabo HF, Matar EER, El Moselhy LE, Gomah TA, Deban MAEF, Shebl RI. Anticancer and antibacterial potentials induced post short-term exposure to electromagnetic field and silver nanoparticles and related pathological and genetic alterations: in vitro study. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35120563 PMCID: PMC8817517 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antibiotics and anticancer therapy is a serious global health threat particularly in immunosuppressed cancer patients. Current study aimed to estimate the antibacterial and anticancer potentials of short-term exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) either in sole or combined form. METHODS Antibacterial activity was evaluated via determination of the bacterial viable count reduction percentage following exposure, whereas their ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line was detected using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and cell cycle analysis. Also, oxidative stress potential and molecular profile were investigated. RESULTS ELF-EMF and AgNPs significantly (p < 0.01) reduced K. pneumonia viable count of compared to that of S. aureus in a time dependent manner till reaching 100% inhibition when ELF-EMF was applied in combination to 10 µM/ml AgNPs for 2 h. Apoptosis induction was obvious following exposure to either ELF-EMF or AgNPs, however their apoptotic potential was intensified when applied in combination recording significantly (p < 0.001) induced apoptosis as indicated by elevated level of MCF-7 cells in the Pre G1 phase compared to control. S phase arrest and accumulation of cells in G2/M phase was observed following exposure to AgNPs and EMF, respectively. Up-regulation in the expression level of p53, iNOS and NF-kB genes as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2 and miRNA-125b genes were detected post treatment. CONCLUSIONS The antibacterial and anticancer potentials of these agents might be related to their ability to induce oxidative stress, suggesting their potentials as novel candidates for controlling infections and triggering cancer cells towards self-destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- International Center for Training and Advanced Researches (ICTAR-Egypt), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Amer
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Tamer M M Abuamara
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagih M Abd-Elhay
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Fathy Kaabo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Eldin R Matar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila E El Moselhy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rania Ibrahim Shebl
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th October City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Nalluri LP, Popuri SR, Lee CH, Terbish N. Synthesis of biopolymer coated functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the pH-sensitive delivery of anti-cancer drugs epirubicin and temozolomide. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1785449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi P. Nalluri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Srinivasa R. Popuri
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Ching-Hwa Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Narangarav Terbish
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, R.O.C., Taiwan
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Haddad AF, Young JS, Amara D, Berger MS, Raleigh DR, Aghi MK, Butowski NA. Mouse models of glioblastoma for the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab100. [PMID: 34466804 PMCID: PMC8403483 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite an aggressive standard of care that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and ionizing radiation. Mouse models have advanced our understanding of GBM biology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for GBM patients. However, model selection is crucial when testing developmental therapeutics, and each mouse model of GBM has unique advantages and disadvantages that can influence the validity and translatability of experimental results. To shed light on this process, we discuss the strengths and limitations of 3 types of mouse GBM models in this review: syngeneic models, genetically engineered mouse models, and xenograft models, including traditional xenograft cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Haddad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dominic Amara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Corresponding Author: Nicholas A. Butowski, MD, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave Eighth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA ()
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Antitumor Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Human Malignant Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115596. [PMID: 34070493 PMCID: PMC8199444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring non-proteinogenic amino acid, which contributes to the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether 5-ALA exerted cytotoxic effects on GBM cells. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis rate, mRNA expressions of various apoptosis-related genes, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and migration ability of the human U-87 malignant GBM cell line (U87MG) treated with 5-ALA at different doses. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5-ALA on U87MG cells was 500 μg/mL after 7 days; 5-ALA was not toxic for human optic cells and NIH-3T3 cells at this concentration. The application of 5-ALA led to a significant increase in apoptotic cells, enhancement of Bax and p53 expressions, reduction in Bcl-2 expression, and an increase in ROS generation. Furthermore, the application of 5-ALA increased the accumulation of U87MG cells in the SUB-G1 population, decreased the expression of cyclin D1, and reduced the migration ability of U87MG cells. Our data indicate the potential cytotoxic effects of 5-ALA on U87MG cells. Further studies are required to determine the spectrum of the antitumor activity of 5-ALA on GBM.
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García-Minguillán O, Maestú C. 30 Hz, Could It Be Part of a Window Frequency for Cellular Response? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3642. [PMID: 33807400 PMCID: PMC8036499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many exogenous and endogenous risk factors have been proposed as precursors of brain tumors, including the exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields. Nevertheless, there is still a debate among the scientific community about the hazard of the effects produced by non-ionizing radiation (NIR) because conflicting results have been found (number of articles reviewed >50). For that reason, to provide new evidence on the possible effects produced by exposure to NIR, we performed different studies with several combinations of extremely low frequencies, times, and field intensities in tumoral and non-tumoral cells. The results of our studies showed that cell viability was frequency dependent in glioblastoma cells. In fact, our results revealed that a frequency of 30 Hz-or even other frequencies close to 30 Hz-could constitute a window frequency determinant of the cellular response in tumoral and non-tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga García-Minguillán
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ceferino Maestú
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Xu A, Wang Q, Lv X, Lin T. Progressive Study on the Non-thermal Effects of Magnetic Field Therapy in Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638146. [PMID: 33816280 PMCID: PMC8010190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Although the existing therapies have made great progress and significantly improved the prognosis of patients, it is undeniable that these treatment measures still cause some serious side effects. In this context, a new treatment method is needed to address these shortcomings. In recent years, the magnetic fields have been proposed as a novel treatment method with the advantages of less side effects, high efficiency, wide applications, and low costs without forming scars. Previous studies reported that static magnetic fields (SMFs) and low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs, frequency below 300 Hz) exert anti-tumor function, independent of thermal effects. Magnetic fields (MFs) could inhibit cell growth and proliferation; induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation; regulate the immune system; and suppress angiogenesis and metastasis via various signaling pathways. In addition, they are effective in combination therapies: MFs not only promote the absorption of chemotherapy drugs by producing small holes on the surface of cell membrane but also enhance the inhibitory effects by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins. At present, MFs can be used as drug delivery systems to target magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to tumors. This review aims to summarize and analyze the current knowledge of the pre-clinical studies of anti-tumor effects and their underlying mechanisms and discuss the prospects of the application of MF therapy in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshu Xu
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Lv
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun, China
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Gortany NK, Panahi G, Ghafari H, Shekari M, Ghazi-Khansari M. Foretinib induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and invasion in human glioblastoma cells through c-MET inhibition. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:827-842. [PMID: 33688998 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive human cancers. The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) which is frequently deregulated in GBM is considered as a promising target for GBM treatment. The c-MET plays a key role in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here, we investigated the anti-tumour activity of foretinib, a c-MET inhibitor, on three human GBM cells (T98G, U87MG and U251). METHODS Anti-proliferative effect of foretinib was determined using MTT, crystal violet staining, and clonogenic assays. PI and Annexin V/PI staining flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of foretinib on cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Scratch assay, qRT-PCR, western blot, and zymography analyses were applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumour activity of foretinib. RESULTS Foretinib treatment reduced phosphorylation of c-MET on T98G and U251 cells, but not in U87MG cells. The highest inhibitory effect was observed in T98G cells (IC50 = 4.66 ± 0.29 µM) and the lowest one in U87MG cells (IC50 = 29.99 ± 1.31 µM). The results showed that foretinib inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells through a G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in association with alternation in expression of the related genes and protein-regulated G2/M phase and apoptosis. Foretinib diminished GBM cell invasion through downregulation of the proteolytic cascade of MMP2, uPA and uPAR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes. A different GBM cell sensitivity pattern was noticeable in all experiments which demonstrated T98G as a sensitive and U87MG as a resistant phenotype to foretinib treatment. CONCLUSION The results indicated that foretinib might have the therapeutic potential against human GBM which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges K Gortany
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of I.R. Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homanaz Ghafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shekari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of I.R. Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Ranjan A, Kaushik I, Srivastava SK. Pimozide Suppresses the Growth of Brain Tumors by Targeting STAT3-Mediated Autophagy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092141. [PMID: 32971907 PMCID: PMC7563195 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are considered as one of the most aggressive and incurable forms of cancer. The majority of the patients with brain tumors have a median survival rate of 12%. Brain tumors are lethal despite the availability of advanced treatment options such as surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-cancer effects of pimozide, which is a neuroleptic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia and chronic psychosis. Pimozide significantly reduced the proliferation of U-87MG, Daoy, GBM 28, and U-251MG brain cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis with IC50 (Inhibitory concentration 50) ranging from 12 to 16 μM after 48 h of treatment. Our Western blotting analysis indicated that pimozide suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 and Src at Tyr416, and it inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic markers c-Myc, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2. Significant autophagy induction was observed with pimozide treatment. LC3B, Beclin-1, and ATG5 up-regulation along with autolysosome formation confirmed the induction of autophagy with pimozide treatment. Inhibiting autophagy using 3-methyladenine or LC3B siRNA significantly blocked the apoptosis-inducing effects of pimozide, suggesting that pimozide mediated its apoptotic effects by inducing autophagy. Oral administration of 25 mg/kg pimozide suppressed the intracranially implanted U-87MG tumor growth by 45% in athymic nude mice. The chronic administration of pimozide showed no general signs of toxicity, and the behavioral activity of the mice remained unchanged. Taken together, these results indicate that pimozide inhibits the growth of brain cancer by autophagy-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (A.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Itishree Kaushik
- Department of Biomedical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (A.R.); (I.K.)
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (A.R.); (I.K.)
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +325-696-0464; Fax: +325-676-3875
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ROS-Mediated Therapeutic Strategy in Chemo-/Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5047987. [PMID: 32774675 PMCID: PMC7396055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5047987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a highly genetic and metabolic heterogeneous collection of malignancies of the lip, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, paranasal sinuses, and larynx with five-year survival rates ranging from 12% to 93%. Patients with head and neck cancer typically present with advanced stage III, IVa, or IVb disease and are treated with comprehensive modality including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Despite advancements in treatment modality and technique, noisome recurrence, invasiveness, and resistance as well as posttreatment complications severely influence survival rate and quality of life. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed that offer enhanced efficacy with less toxicity. ROS in cancer cells plays a vital role in regulating cell death, DNA repair, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment, all of which have been implicated in resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Adjusting ROS generation and elimination to reverse the resistance of cancer cells without impairing normal cells show great hope in improving the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. In the current review, we discuss the pivotal and targetable redox-regulating system including superoxide dismutases (SODs), tripeptide glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trxs), peroxiredoxins (PRXs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/keap1), and mitochondria electron transporter chain (ETC) complexes and their roles in regulating ROS levels and their clinical significance implicated in chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. We also summarize several old drugs (referred to as the non-anti-cancer drugs used in other diseases for a long time) and small molecular compounds as well as natural herbs which effectively modulate cellular ROS of head and neck cancer to synergize the efficacy of conventional chemo-/radiotherapy. Emerging interdisciplinary techniques including photodynamic, nanoparticle system, and Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy are promising measures to broaden the potency of ROS modulation for the benefit of chemo-/radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.
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Ashta A, Motalleb G, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Evaluation of frequency magnetic field, static field, and Temozolomide on viability, free radical production and gene expression (p53) in the human glioblastoma cell line (A172). Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 39:298-309. [PMID: 32666844 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1793171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen million cancer deaths and 21.7 million new cancer cases are expected in the world by 2030. Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system which is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor in adults with the survival time of 12-15 months after the initial diagnosis. Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant type of brain tumor, and despite surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the average survival of patients is about 14 months. The current research showed that the frequency magnetic field (FMF) and static magnetic field (SMF) can influence cancer cell proliferation and coupled with anticancer drugs may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. At the present study, we investigated the effects of FMF (10 Hz, 50 G), SMF (50 G) and Temozolomide (200 μm) on viability, free radical production, and p53 followed by p53 protein expression in the human glioblastoma cell line (A172) by MTT, NBT, RT-PCR and Western blot. Results showed that the effect of Temozolomide (TMZ) with SMF and FMF together increased the cytotoxicity, free radical production, and p53 followed by p53 protein expression in the human glioblastoma cell line (A172).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ashta
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol , Zabol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Motalleb
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol , Zabol, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
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Dehghani-Soltani S, Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Babaee A, Basiri M, Mohammadipoor-Ghasemabad L, Vosough P, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Pulsed and Discontinuous Electromagnetic Field Exposure Decreases Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by Modulating the Expression of O 6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase, Cyclin-D1, and p53. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:579-587. [PMID: 32644826 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant and very aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Despite having chemotherapy concomitant with surgery and/or radiation therapy, the median survival of glioblastoma-affected people is less than 1 year. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapeutic used as a first line treatment of glioblastoma. Several studies have reported that resistance to TMZ due to overexpression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is the main reason for treatment failure. Several studies described that pulsed-electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure could induce cell death and influence gene expression. Materials and Methods: In this study the authors assessed the effects of EMF (50 Hz, 70 G) on cytotoxicity, cell migration, gene expression, and protein levels in TMZ-treated T98 and A172 cell lines. Results: In this study, the authors show that treatment with a combination of TMZ and EMF enhanced cell death and decreased the migration potential of T98 and A172 cells. The authors also observed overexpression of the p53 gene and downregulation of cyclin-D1 protein in comparison to controls. In addition, T98 cells expressed the MGMT protein following treatment, while the A172 cells did not express MGMT. Conclusion: Their data indicate that EMF exposure improved the cytotoxicity of TMZ on T98 and A172 cells and could partially affect resistance to TMZ in T98 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samereh Dehghani-Soltani
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Eftekhar-Vaghefi
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Babaee
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Vosough
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Li DY, Song JD, Liang ZY, Oskouei K, Xiao XQ, Hou WZ, Li JT, Yang YS, Wang ML, Murbach M. Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030819. [PMID: 32013005 PMCID: PMC7037840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on apoptosis, we exposed NIH/3T3 cells at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg intermittently for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. After exposure, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis; the expression of p53, a molecule with the key role in apoptosis, was measured by real-time qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence; and images of the structure of the mitochondria, directly reflecting apoptosis, were captured by electron microscopy. The results showed that the viability of cells in the 12, 36, and 48 h exposure groups significantly decreased compared with the sham groups; after 48 h of exposure, the percentage of late apoptotic cells in the exposure group was significantly higher. Real-time qPCR results showed that p53 mRNA in the 48 h exposure group was 1.4-fold of that in the sham group; significant differences of p53 protein fluorescence expression were observed between the exposure groups and the sham groups after 24 h and 48 h. The mitochondrial swelling and vesicular morphology were found in the electron microscopy images after 48 h exposure. These findings demonstrated 1800 MHz, SAR 2 W/kg EMR for 48 h may cause apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells and that this apoptosis might be attributed to mitochondrial damage and upregulation of p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Jing-Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China; (J.-D.S.); (W.-Z.H.)
| | - Zhao-Yuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Kiana Oskouei
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Qian Xiao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China; (J.-D.S.); (W.-Z.H.)
| | - Jin-Tao Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Yi-Shu Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ming-Lian Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence: (M.-L.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Murbach
- IT’IS Foundation, Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (M.-L.W.); (M.M.)
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Frantsiyants EM, Sheiko EA. ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PAIN IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. RESEARCH'N PRACTICAL MEDICINE JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17709/2409-2231-2019-6-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review examined and analyzed scientific publications on the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on various systems of the human body and animals with tumors, as well as on pain in the experiment and the clinic. The theoretical foundations and practical results of the use of EMF in various modulations and modes in the goals and objectives of oncology, including how to optimize the process of anesthesia and correct the vital activity of the body's functional systems with a tumor, are consecrated. Information is given on possible physicochemical effects, features, and mechanisms of therapeutic influence at various levels of a living organism. The ability of electromagnetic waves to transfer information both within a single biosystem and at the level of a whole living organism with a tumor is shown. Studies of combined action of EMF and chemotherapy were analyzed. It has been established that there are experimental prerequisites for using this factor in order to induce changes in the permeability of the membranes of tumor cells by increasing the internalization of chemotherapeutic agents and, thus, enhance the antitumor effect. The role of EMF in the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells is shown. It has been shown that chemotherapy together with electromagnetic fields induces apoptosis and has an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in osteosarcoma cells, breast cancer, colon cancer, melanoma and other tumors. The role of magnetic fields in order to enhance the analgesic effect was investigated. The analgesic effect is due to the cessation or weakening of nerve impulses from the painful focus due to the elimination of hypoxia, the improvement of microcirculation, and the reduction of edema, it has been shown. Transcranial magnetic therapy is used as an analgesic tool in onconurology. The therapeutic anti-pain effect is associated with the stimulation of the antinociceptive system, an increase in the synthesis of natural analgesics — endorphins with their subsequent release into the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. As it has already been shown, with the increase in the intensity of pain and its duration, all indicators of the quality of life and the results of treatment of the patient deteriorate, so the search for ways to improve the antitumor effectiveness of specialized treatment and eliminate the causes that prevent their implementation continue to be relevant and in demand.
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Significant Cellular Viability Dependence on Time Exposition at ELF-EMF and RF-EMF In Vitro Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122085. [PMID: 31200435 PMCID: PMC6617398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human concern about the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has changed over time from the effects produced by EMFs of extremely low frequencies (ELFs) to the effects produced by exposure to a radio frequency (RF), with concerns shifting toward EMFs due to the development of new technologies and forms of communication. Previous studies have analysed the effects produced at different frequencies without considering in detail the effect of the time of exposure. Therefore, in the present study, we analysed in vitro the effect produced by a 100 µT EMF at different ELFs and exposure times in glioblastomas, as well as the effect produced in a fibroblast by an RF-EMF of 2.54 GHz. Our results indicate a significant time dependence in cell viability of fibroblasts exposed to an RF-EMF of 2.54 GHz and a non-time-dependent effect in cell viability of glioblastomas exposed to an ELF-EMF, highlighting the possible relation between frequency and time of exposure.
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Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M, Akbarnejad Z, Esmaeeli M, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Mohammadipoor-Ghasemabad L, Eskandary H. Impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (100 Hz, 100 G) exposure on human glioblastoma U87 cells during Temozolomide administration. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:198-209. [PMID: 31179753 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1625784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with an extremely dismal prognosis, a median survival is12 months. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent widely used to treat cancer, resistance to this drug is often found. One unexplored possibility for overcoming this resistance is a treatment based on concomitant exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and TMZ. Indeed, many evidences show that EMF affects cancer cells and drug performance. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of 100 µM TMZ and EMF (100 Hz, 100 G) on human glioma cell line U87 U87 cells with four experimental groups (I-IV) were exposed to ELF-EMF and TMZ for 120 and 144 h, as follows: (I) control; (II) ELF-EMF; (III) TMZ; (IV) ELF-PEMFs / TMZ. mRNA expression of genes such as (Nestin,CD133, Notch4 and GFAP) were investigated by Real-time PCR and western blot. We also evaluated, SOD activity, MDA and calcium concentration by ELISA assay. Co-treatment synergistically decreased the expression of Nestin,CD133, and Notch4 and increased the GFAP genes. We also observed an increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ca2+concentration in comparison to controls.TMZ prevents cancer progression not only through the induction of cell death, but also by inducing differentiation in cancer cells. In addition, our data demonstrate ELF-EMF (100 Hz, 100 G) can significantly enhance the effects of TMZ on human glioblastoma U87 cell. These findings may open new window for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- a Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- b ENT and Head & Neck Research center and department, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital , The five senses Institute, Iran University of medical sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Marzie Esmaeeli
- a Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- c Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | | | - Hossein Eskandary
- a Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran.,e Afzal Research Institute (NGO) , Kerman , Iran
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31
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Salinas-Asensio MM, Ríos-Arrabal S, Artacho-Cordón F, Olivares-Urbano MA, Calvente I, León J, Núñez MI. Exploring the radiosensitizing potential of magnetotherapy: a pilot study in breast cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1337-1345. [PMID: 31140889 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1619951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To explore the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the cell cycle progression of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of magnetotherapy during therapeutic co-exposure to EMFs and radiotherapy. Material and methods: Cells were exposed to EMFs (25, 50 and 100 Hz; 8 and 10 mT). In the co-treatment, cells were first exposed to EMFs (50 Hz/10 mT) for 30 min and then to ionizing radiation (IR) (2 Gy) 4 h later. Cell cycle progression and free radical production were evaluated by flow cytometry, while radiosensitivity was explored by colony formation assay. Results: Generalized G1-phase arrest was found in both cell lines several hours after EMF exposure. Interestingly, a marked G1-phase delay was observed at 4 h after exposure to 50 Hz/10 mT EMFs. No cell cycle perturbation was observed after repeated exposure to EMFs. IR-derived ROS production was enhanced in EMF-exposed MCF-7 cells at 24 h post-exposure. EMF-exposed cells were more radiosensitive in comparison to sham-exposed cells. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential benefits of concomitant treatment with magnetotherapy before radiotherapy sessions to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer therapy. Further studies are warranted to identify the subset(s) of patients who would benefit from this multimodal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Ríos-Arrabal
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - M A Olivares-Urbano
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - I Calvente
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - J León
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain.,Digestive Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital , Granada , Spain.,CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD) , Madrid , Spain
| | - M I Núñez
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) , University of Granada, Granada , Spain
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Sengupta S, Balla VK. A review on the use of magnetic fields and ultrasound for non-invasive cancer treatment. J Adv Res 2018; 14:97-111. [PMID: 30109147 PMCID: PMC6090088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current popular cancer treatment options, include tumor surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal treatment. These treatments are often associated with some inherent limitations. For instances, tumor surgery is not effective in mitigating metastases; the anticancer drugs used for chemotherapy can quickly spread throughout the body and is ineffective in killing metastatic cancer cells. Therefore, several drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed to target tumor cells, and release active biomolecule at specific site to eliminate the side effects of anticancer drugs. However, common challenges of DDS used for cancer treatment, include poor site-specific accumulation, difficulties in entering the tumor microenvironment, poor metastases and treatment efficiency. In this context, non-invasive cancer treatment approaches, with or without DDS, involving the use of light, heat, magnetic field, electrical field and ultrasound appears to be very attractive. These approaches can potentially improve treatment efficiency, reduce recovery time, eliminate infections and scar formation. In this review we focus on the effects of magnetic fields and ultrasound on cancer cells and their application for cancer treatment in the presence of drugs or DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somoshree Sengupta
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vamsi K. Balla
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Amiri M, Basiri M, Eskandary H, Akbarnejad Z, Esmaeeli M, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Cytotoxicity of carboplatin on human glioblastoma cells is reduced by the concomitant exposure to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz, 70 G). Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:138-145. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1477052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Eskandary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzie Esmaeeli
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- Physiology Research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun S, Zhang G, Jiang K, Sun P, Zhang Y, Yao B, Sui R, Chen Y, Guo X, Tang T, Shi J, Liang H, Piao H. Bufalin Induces Apoptosis and Improves the Sensitivity of Human Glioma Stem-Like Cells to Temozolamide. Oncol Res 2018; 27:475-486. [PMID: 29793559 PMCID: PMC7848418 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15270916676926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and it is characterized by high relapse and fatality rates and poor prognosis. Bufalin is one of the main ingredients of Chan-su, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracted from toad venom. Previous studies revealed that bufalin exerted inhibitory effects on a variety of tumor cells. To demonstrate the inhibitory effect of bufalin on glioma cells and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and discuss the underlying mechanism, the proliferation of glioma cells was detected by MTT and colony formation assays following treatment with bufalin. In addition, we investigated whether bufalin inhibits or kills GSCs using flow cytometry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR). Finally, we investigated whether bufalin could improve the therapeutic effect of temozolomide (TMZ) and discussed the underlying mechanism. Taken together, our data demonstrated that bufalin inhibits glioma cell growth and proliferation, inhibits GSC proliferation, and kills GSCs. Bufalin was found to induce the apoptosis of GSCs by upregulating the expression of the apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and by downregulating the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, which is a marker of telomerase activity. Bufalin also improved the inhibitory effect of TMZ on GSCs by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These results suggest that bufalin damages GSCs, induces apoptosis, and enhances the sensitivity of GSCs to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Sun
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Peixin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Ji Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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Falone S, Santini S, Cordone V, Di Emidio G, Tatone C, Cacchio M, Amicarelli F. Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Redox-Responsive Pathways Linked to Cancer Drug Resistance: Insights from Co-Exposure-Based In Vitro Studies. Front Public Health 2018. [PMID: 29527520 PMCID: PMC5829633 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical devices currently used in clinical practice and common household equipments generate extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) that were classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as “possible carcinogenic.” Assuming that ELF-MF plays a role in the carcinogenic process without inducing direct genomic alterations, ELF-MF may be involved in the promotion or progression of cancers. In particular, ELF-MF-induced responses are suspected to activate redox-responsive intracellular signaling or detoxification scavenging systems. In fact, improved protection against oxidative stress and redox-active xenobiotics is thought to provide critical proliferative and survival advantage in tumors. On this basis, an ever-growing research activity worldwide is attempting to establish whether tumor cells may develop multidrug resistance through the activation of essential cytoprotective networks in the presence of ELF fields, and how this might trigger relevant changes in tumor phenotype. This review builds a framework around how the activity of redox-responsive mediators may be controlled by co-exposure to ELF-MF and reactive oxygen species-generating agents in tumor and cancer cells, in order to clarify whether and how such potential molecular targets could help to minimize or neutralize the functional interaction between ELF-MF and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvano Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marisa Cacchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-National Research Council (CNR), L'Aquila, Italy
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Akbarnejad Z, Esmaeilpour K, Shabani M, Asadi-Shekaari M, Saeedi Goraghani M, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Spatial memory recovery in Alzheimer's rat model by electromagnetic field exposure. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:691-696. [PMID: 29185809 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1411353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although studies have shown a potential association between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD), few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of weak magnetic fields on brain functions such as cognitive functions in animal models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 10 mT) on spatial learning and memory changes in AD rats. METHODS Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 was injected into lateral ventricle to establish an AD rat model. The rats were divided into six groups: Group I (control); Group II (surgical sham); Group III (AD) Alzheimer's rat model; Group IV (MF) rats exposed to ELF-MF for 14 consecutive days; Group V (Aβ injection+M) rats exposed to magnetic field for 14 consecutive days from day 0 to 14 days after the Aβ peptide injection; Group VI (AD+M) rats exposed to magnetic field for 14 consecutive days after 2 weeks of Aβ peptide injection from 14th to 28th day . Morris water maze investigations were performed. RESULTS AD rats showed a significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats. The results showed that ELF-MF improved the learning and memory impairments in Aβ injection+M and AD+M groups. CONCLUSION Our results showed that application of ELF-MF not only has improving effect on different cognitive disorder signs of AD animals, but also disrupts the processes of AD rat model formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Akbarnejad
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran.,b ENT and Head & Neck Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Monavvar Saeedi Goraghani
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
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