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Lee E, Nam JO. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Ostericum koreanum (Ganghwal) Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4908. [PMID: 38732125 PMCID: PMC11084156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
"Ganghwal" is a widely used herbal medicine in Republic of Korea, but it has not been reported as a treatment strategy for obesity and diabetes within adipocytes. In this study, we determined that Ostericum koreanum extract (OKE) exerts an anti-obesity effect by inhibiting adipogenesis and an anti-diabetic effect by increasing the expression of genes related to glucose uptake in adipocytes and inhibiting α-glucosidase activity. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for 8 days in methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin medium, and the effect of OKE was confirmed by the addition of 50 and 100 µg/mL of OKE during the differentiation process. This resulted in a reduction in lipid accumulation and the expression of PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and C/EBPα (CCAAT enhancer binding protein α). Significant activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), increased expression of GLUT4 (Glucose Transporter Type 4), and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity were also observed. These findings provide the basis for the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of OKE. In addition, OKE has a significant antioxidant effect. This study presents OKE as a potential natural product-derived material for the treatment of patients with metabolic diseases such as obesity- and obesity-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Li YH, Liu RP, Wang XQ, Zhu MB, Cui XS, Dai Z, Kim NH, Xu YN. Supplementation with Eupatilin during In Vitro Maturation Improves Porcine Oocyte Developmental Competence by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 38338092 PMCID: PMC10854851 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavonoid derived from Artemisia plants that has beneficial biological activities, such as anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effects of eupatilin against oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in porcine oocyte maturation are still unclear. To investigate the effect of eupatilin on the development of porcine oocytes after in vitro maturation and parthenogenetic activation, we added different concentrations of eupatilin in the process of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, and finally selected the optimal concentration following multiple comparisons and analysis of test results using SPSS (version 17.0; IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) software. The results showed that 0.1 μM eupatilin supplementation did not affect the expansion of porcine cumulus cells, but significantly increased the extrusion rate of porcine oocyte polar bodies, the subsequent blastocyst formation rate, and the quality of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos. Additionally, it reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in cells and increased glutathione production. Further analysis revealed that eupatilin supplementation could reduce apoptosis, DNA double-strand breaks, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.1 μM eupatilin during in vitro maturation improved oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development by reducing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Rong-Ping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Xin-Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Mao-Bi Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Dai
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Yong-Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
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Kang SA, Yu HS. Anti-obesity effects by parasitic nematode ( Trichinella spiralis) total lysates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1285584. [PMID: 38259965 PMCID: PMC10800963 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1285584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is an inducible factor for the cause of chronic diseases and is described by an increase in the size and number of adipocytes that differentiate from precursor cells (preadipocytes). Parasitic helminths are the strongest natural trigger of type 2 immune system, and several studies have showed that helminth infections are inversely correlated with metabolic syndromes. Methodology/Principal findings To investigate whether helminth-derived molecules have therapeutic effects on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we isolated total lysates from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. We then checked the anti-obesity effect after intraperitoneal administration and intraoral administration of total lysate from T. spiralis muscle larvae in a diet-induced obesity model. T. spiralis total lysates protect against obesity by inhibiting the proinflammatory response and/or enhancing M2 macrophages. In addition, we determined the effects of total lysates from T. spiralis muscle larvae on anti-obesity activities in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by investigating the expression levels of key adipogenic regulators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2). Oil Red O staining showed that the total lysates from T. spiralis muscle larvae decreased the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by decreasing the number of lipid droplets. In addition, the production levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T. spiralis total lysates decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα and aP2. Conclusion/Significance These results show that T. spiralis total lysate significantly suppresses the symptoms of obesity in a diet- induced obesity model and 3T3-L1 cell differentiation and suggest that it has potential for novel anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101852. [PMID: 36642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity. Aging is also manifested by increased susceptibility to multiple endogenous and exogenous stresses enabling such chronic conditions to develop. Among the main physiological regulators of cellular adaption to various stress stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, are sestrins (Sesns), a family of three evolutionarily conserved proteins, Sesn1, 2, and 3. Age-associated sarcopenia and obesity are characterized by two key processes: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and (ii) creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). Presumably, failed SCLGI resolution governs the development of these chronic conditions. Noteworthy, Sesns activate senolytics, which are agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are factors that physiologically provide inflammation resolution. Sesns reveal clear beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of sarcopenia and obesity. Based on these observations, we propose a novel treatment strategy for age-associated sarcopenia and obesity, complementary to the conventional therapeutic modalities: Sesn activation, SCLGI resolution, and senescent cell elimination.
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Lee SG, Chae J, Woo SM, Seo SU, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Schlaepfer DD, Kim IS, Park HS, Kwon TK, Nam JO. TGFBI remodels adipose metabolism by regulating the Notch-1 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:520-531. [PMID: 36854775 PMCID: PMC10073093 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins are associated with metabolically healthy adipose tissue and regulate inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and subsequent metabolic deterioration. In this study, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component, plays an important role in adipose metabolism and browning during high-fat diet-induced obesity. TGFBI KO mice were resistant to adipose tissue hypertrophy, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, adipose tissue from TGFBI KO mice contained a large population of CD11b+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages, which possibly control adipokine secretion through paracrine mechanisms. Mechanistically, we showed that inhibiting TGFBI-stimulated release of adipsin by Notch-1-dependent signaling resulted in adipocyte browning. TGFBI was physiologically bound to Notch-1 and stimulated its activation in adipocytes. Our findings revealed a novel protective effect of TGFBI deficiency in obesity that is realized via the activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sae Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Han Y, Park HJ, Hong MK, Shin MR, Roh SS, Kwon EY. Artemisiae argyi Water Extract Alleviates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorder. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6158-6171. [PMID: 36547081 PMCID: PMC9776687 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisiae argyi is a well-known traditional herbal medicine used in East Asia. Although the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of A. argyi have been reported, its efficacy in improving obesity has not been yet evaluated. In this study, mice were fed a normal diet (AIN-93), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% of kcal from fat), and an HFD with 0.1% of A. argyi water extract for 16 weeks. The body weight and body fat in A. argyi-fed mice significantly decreased via upregulation of the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, with a simultaneous decrease in plasma lipid content and leptin levels. A. argyi water extract also ameliorated hepatic steatosis by restricting lipogenesis via lowering the activities of fatty acid synthase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase. Consistently, hepatic histological analysis indicated that A. argyi water extract decreased hepatic lipid accumulation in accordance with the hepatic H, E and Oil Red O-stained area. Additionally, A. argyi ameliorated the impaired glucose homeostasis by increasing the mRNA expression of AMP-activated kinase and glycolysis-related genes. In conclusion, our results indicate that A. argyi can be used to treat obesity-related metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Raydel Research Institute, 76, Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 64 Gil, 136, sinsincheondo-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 64 Gil, 136, sinsincheondo-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Mahmoud AM, Sayed AM, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassanein EHM. The role of flavonoids in inhibiting IL-6 and inflammatory arthritis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:746-768. [PMID: 34994311 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220107105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints. RA has well-known clinical manifestations and can cause progressive disability and premature death along with socioeconomic burdens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathology of RA where it can stimulate pannus formation, osteoclastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. Many flavonoids have demonstrated anti-arthritic activity mediated mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review thoroughly discusses the accumulate data on the role of flavonoids on IL-6 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
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Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Yazdiniapour Z, Yegdaneh A, Akbari S. Isolation and Characterization of Methylated Flavones from Artemisia kermanensis. Adv Biomed Res 2021; 10:23. [PMID: 34760805 PMCID: PMC8531732 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Artemisia kermanensis Podl. is a green aromatic perennial shrub that belongs to the family Asteraceae and it grows widely in central deserts and south-eastern mountains of Iran such as Taftan Mountain in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Artemisia species have been used traditionally as a remedy for various feverous diseases, including malaria, treatment of colds, infections, parasites, inflammations of the liver, as well as dyspepsia, diabetes, hypertension, and so many other conditions. Materials and Methods: Air-dried A. kermanensis extraction from all parts of the plant was done using different organic solvents. The methanolic extract was selected for isolation of flavonoids, using thin-layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on analysis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Results: Two flavone aglycones were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant's methanolic extract, including 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin) and 5,7,3'-Trihydroxy-6,4',5'-trimethoxyflavone. Conclusions: Eupatilin is known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In future researches on A. kermanensis, as a rich source of these flavone compounds, it is wise to investigate for the proven eupatilin's biological activities that have been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Yazdiniapour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Yegdaneh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soudeh Akbari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mladenova SG, Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Marchev AS, Tews D, Wabitsch M, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Georgiev MI. Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Alchemilla monticola is Mediated Via PI3K/AKT Signaling Inhibition in Human Adipocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707507. [PMID: 34483915 PMCID: PMC8416315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a persistent and continuously expanding social health concern. Excessive fat mass accumulation is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reproductive dysfunctions and certain types of cancer. Alchemilla monticola Opiz. is a perennial plant of the Rosaceae family traditionally used to treat inflammatory conditions and as a component of weight loss herbal mixtures. In the search for bioactive leads with potential anti-adipogenic effect from A. monticola extract (ALM), we have employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics to obtain data for the phytochemical profile of the extract. Further, molecular docking simulation was performed against key adipogenic targets for selected pure compounds, present in the ALM extract. Evaluation of the biological activity was done in human adipocytes exposed to ALM (5, 10 and 25 μg/ml), pure astragalin (AST) or quercitrin (QUE) both at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 μM. Investigation of the molecular pathways involved was performed through real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. According to the docking predictions strong putative affinity was revealed for both AST and QUE towards peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Assessment of the intracellular lipid accumulation revealed anti-adipogenic activity of ALM. Correspondingly, the expression of the adipogenic genes CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and PPARG was downregulated upon ALM and AST treatment. The Western blotting results exposed protein kinase B (AKT), PI3K and PPARγ as targets for the inhibitory effect of ALM and AST on adipogenesis. Collectively, we provide a broader insight of the phytochemical composition of A. monticola. Additionally, we demonstrate the anti-adipogenic effect of ALM and its active compound AST in human adipocytes. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is identified to mediate the ALM anti-adipogenic action. Hence, the ALM extract and its secondary metabolite AST are worth further exploration as potentially active agents in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveta G Mladenova
- BB-NCIPD Ltd., National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V Vasileva
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Lee SG, Chae J, Kim DS, Lee JB, Kwon GS, Kwon TK, Nam JO. Enhancement of the Antiobesity and Antioxidant Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Extracts and Enhancement of the Effects by Fermentation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:888. [PMID: 34073118 PMCID: PMC8229661 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The browning of white adipocytes, which transforms energy-storing white adipocytes to heat-producing beige adipocytes, is considered a strategy against metabolic diseases. Several dietary compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, induce a brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) extract (PSP) exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. In addition, PSP was found to contain large amounts of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin compounds; the amount of these compounds was affected by fermentation. Functionally, PSP-induced adipose browning in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The administration of PSP significantly suppressed the body weight gain and abnormal expansion of white adipose tissues in the obese mice. The expression of adipose browning-related genes was higher in the inguinal white adipose tissues from the PSP-treated mice than those in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, PSP-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes formed multilocular lipid droplets, similar to those formed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with a browning induction cocktail. The PSP-treated cells had an increased expression level of mitochondria and lipolysis-related genes. The browning effects of PSP were enhanced by fermentation with Lactobacillus. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to identify a new mechanism to increase the antiobesity effects of PSP by inducing adipocyte browning of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.G.L.); (T.K.K.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dong Se Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Kyochon Research & Innovation Center, Kyochon F&B Co., Ltd., Chilgok-gun 18469, Korea;
- Department of Medical Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Gi-Seok Kwon
- Department of Medical Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.G.L.); (T.K.K.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.C.); (D.S.K.)
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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12
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Rosa A, Isola R, Pollastro F, Caria P, Appendino G, Nieddu M. The dietary flavonoid eupatilin attenuates in vitro lipid peroxidation and targets lipid profile in cancer HeLa cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:5179-5191. [PMID: 32436500 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin is a dietary flavonoid isolated from the alpine wormwoods, used for the genepy liqueur production. This flavone protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress and targets cancer cells, inducing cytotoxicity, cell circle arrest, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study examines the EUP in vitro antioxidant effects on cholesterol and phospholipid membrane oxidation and explores its ability to modulate the cancer cell lipid profile. This flavone remarkably protected fatty acids and cholesterol against oxidative degradation by scavenging lipoperoxyl radicals. EUP (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated the total lipid and fatty acid profiles in cancer HeLa cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane depolarization, signs of apoptosis, abnormal mitosis with multi-nucleation (mitotic catastrophe) and morphological alterations were observed in cancer EUP-treated cells. Our results validate the EUP role as antioxidant agent for the treatment/prevention of disorders implicating a membrane lipid oxidative damage and substantiate cell lipid metabolism as another possible target of this dietary natural flavonoid in cancer HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - R Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - F Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - P Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - G Appendino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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13
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Two Types of PPARγ Ligands Identified in the Extract of Artemisia campestris. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia campestris was screened to find PPARγ ligands using the PPARγ ligand-responsive chimera luciferase reporter system. Capillartemisin B was identified as a PPARγ ligand that stimulated lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. By further purification of PPARγ ligands from a large-scale preparation of the methanol extract of Artemisia campestris, we isolated and identified eupatilin and santaflavone as PPARγ ligands. Weak PPARγ ligand activity of eupatilin or santaflavone in reporter assay was enhanced by a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, suggesting that santaflavone or eupatilin and GW9662 bound simultaneously to the multiple sub-pockets of the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) and cooperatively activated PPARγ. Docking simulation suggested that eupatilin binds to the Ω-pocket but not to the AF-2 pocket of Y-shaped PPARγ LBD where artepillin C that differs from capillartemisin B at the C-5′ position without hydroxy group binds. Eupatilin or santaflavone with or without GW9662 did not stimulate lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that binding of each compound alone or with GW9662 to the Ω-pocket which stimulated the PPARγ-responsive reporter expression was not enough to stimulate lipid accumulation. The PPARγ ligands found in this study have a potential to design the fragment-based drug design of a novel PPARγ ligand that cover the Y-shaped PPARγ LBD.
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14
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Novel Function of α-Cubebenoate Derived from Schisandra chinensis as Lipogenesis Inhibitor, Lipolysis Stimulator and Inflammasome Suppressor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214995. [PMID: 33126679 PMCID: PMC7663250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of α-cubebenoate isolated from Schisandra chinensis has been previously studied in three disease areas, namely inflammation, sepsis, and allergy, and its role in other diseases is still being explored. To identify the novel function of α-cubebenoate on lipid metabolism and related inflammatory response, alterations in fat accumulation, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammasome activation were measured in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and primary adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate. Lipid accumulation significantly decreased in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate without any significant cytotoxicity. The mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α for adipogenesis, as well as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) for lipogenesis, were reduced after α-cubebenoate treatment, while cell cycle arrest at G2/M stage was restored in the same group. α-cubebenoate treatment induced glycerol release in primary adipocytes and enhanced expression of lipolytic proteins (HSL, perilipin, and ATGL) expression in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflammasome activation and downstream cytokines expression were suppressed with α-cubebenoate treatment, but the expression of insulin receptor signaling factors was remarkably increased by α-cubebenoate treatment in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that α-cubebenoate may play a novel role as lipogenesis inhibitor, lipolysis stimulator, and inflammasome suppressor in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results provide the possibility that α-cubebenoate can be considered as one of the candidates for obesity management.
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15
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Lee HY, Nam Y, Choi WS, Kim TW, Lee J, Sohn UD. The hepato-protective effect of eupatilin on an alcoholic liver disease model of rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:385-394. [PMID: 32830145 PMCID: PMC7445478 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Eupatilin is known to possess anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. We report here that eupatilin has a protective effect on the ethanol-induced injury in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: control, vehicle, silymarin, eupatilin 10 mg/kg, eupatilin 30 mg/kg, and eupatilin 100 mg/kg. Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed to determine the extent of liver damage. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were analyzed to determine the level of liver steatosis. Malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) level were analyzed to determine the extent of oxidative stress. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β were quantified to verify the degree of inflammation. Based on our findings, chronic alcohol treatment significantly changed the serum indexes and liver indicators of the model rats, which were significantly improved by eupatilin treatment. Rats in the eupatilin-treatment group showed reduced levels of AST, ALT, TG, TC, TNF-α, and IL-1β, increased SOD activity and GSH levels, and improved overall physiology compared to the alcoholic liver disease model rats. H&E staining also verified the eupatilin-mediated improvement in liver injury. In conclusion, eupatilin inhibits alcohol-induced liver injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jaehwi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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16
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Lee H, Jang D, Jeon J, Cho C, Choi S, Han SJ, Oh E, Nam J, Park CH, Shin YS, Yun SP, Yang S, Kang LJ. Seomae mugwort and jaceosidin attenuate osteoarthritic cartilage damage by blocking IκB degradation in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8126-8137. [PMID: 32529755 PMCID: PMC7348148 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seomae mugwort, a Korean native variety of Artemisia argyi, exhibits physiological effects against various diseases. However, its effects on osteoarthritis (OA) are unclear. In this study, a Seomae mugwort extract prevented cartilage destruction in an OA mouse model. In vitro and ex vivo analyses revealed that the extract suppressed MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression induced by IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and inhibited the loss of extracellular sulphated proteoglycans. In vivo analysis revealed that oral administration of the extract suppressed DMM-induced cartilage destruction. We identified jaceosidin in Seomae mugwort and showed that this compound decreased MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression levels, similar to the action of the Seomae mugwort extract in cultured chondrocytes. Interestingly, jaceosidin and eupatilin combined had similar effects to Seomae mugwort in the DMM-induced OA model. Induction of IκB degradation by IL-1β was blocked by the extract and jaceosidin, whereas JNK phosphorylation was only suppressed by the extract. These results suggest that the Seomae mugwort extract and jaceosidin can attenuate cartilage destruction by suppressing MMPs, ADAMTS4/5 and the nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway by blocking IκB degradation. Thus, the findings support the potential application of Seomae mugwort, and particularly jaceosidin, as natural therapeutics for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dain Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chanmi Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sangil Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong Jae Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Li-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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17
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Eupatilin Promotes Cell Death by Calcium Influx through ER-Mitochondria Axis with SERPINB11 Inhibition in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061459. [PMID: 32503295 PMCID: PMC7353024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality. The anticancer effect of eupatilin, a family of flavonoids, is known in many cancer types, but it is unclear what mechanism it plays in ovarian cancer. In this study, eupatilin promoted cell death of ovarian cancer cells by activating caspases, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, calcium influx, disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria axis with SERPINB11 inhibition, and downregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Additionally, eupatilin-reduced SERPINB11 expression enhanced the effect of conventional chemotherapeutic agents against ovarian cancer cell progression. Cotreatment with siSERPINB11 and eupatilin increased calcium-ion-dependent apoptotic activity in ovarian cancer cells. Although there were no significant toxic effects of eupatilin on embryos, eupatilin completely inhibited tumorigenesis in a zebrafish xenograft model. In addition, eupatilin suppressed angiogenesis in zebrafish transgenic models. Collectively, downregulating SERPINB11 with eupatilin against cancer progression may improve therapeutic activity.
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18
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Gentiopicroside isolated from Gentiana scabra Bge. inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduces body weight in diet-induced obese mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1699-1704. [PMID: 31130265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gentiopicroside is a major active component of the Gentiana scabra Bge., which is commonly used as herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation in Asia. Gentiopicroside significantly down-regulated expression of key adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c) and dose-dependently inhibited the lipid uptake-related gene (LPL), fatty acid transport-related gene (FABP4) and triglyceride (TG) synthesis-related gene (DGAT2), as well as fatty acid synthesis-related genes (FAS, SCD1), which resulted in reduced intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and TG content in 3T3-L1 cells. Gentiopicroside also down-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (NFκB1, TNFα, IL6) compared with vehicle. Oral administration of gentiopicroside (50 mg/kg) in mice fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks resulted in reduced body weight and visceral fat mass compared with the control group. Overall, the results of this study showed that gentiopicroside had positive anti-obesity effects by regulating the expression of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related genes and inflammatory genes in 3T3-L1, and that it effectively reduced body weight and visceral fat mass in vivo.
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Morusin Functions as a Lipogenesis Inhibitor as Well as a Lipolysis Stimulator in Differentiated 3T3-L1 and Primary Adipocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082004. [PMID: 30103469 PMCID: PMC6222347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results for morusin activity during adipogenic differentiation are reported in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and cancer cells. To elucidate the influence of morusin on fat metabolism, their anti-obesity effects and molecular mechanism were investigated in 3T3-L1 cells and primary adipocytes. Morusin at a dose of less than 20 µM does not induce any significant change in the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 µM dexamethasone, 10 µg/mL insulin in DMEM containing 10% FBS (MDI)-significantly reduces in a dose-dependent manner after morusin treatment. The phosphorylation level of members in the MAP kinase signaling pathway under the insulin receptor downstream also decrease significantly in the MDI + morusin-treated group compared to MDI + vehicle-treated group. Also, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and lipogenic proteins (aP2 and FAS) are significantly attenuated by exposure to the compound in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the decrease in the G0/G1 arrest of cell cycle after culturing in MDI medium was dramatically recovered after co-culturing in MDI + 20 µM morusin. Moreover, morusin treatment induces glycerol release in the primary adipocytes of SD rats and enhances lipolytic protein expression (HSL, ATGL, and perilipin) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, the results of the present study provide strong evidence that morusin inhibits adipogenesis by regulating the insulin receptor signaling, cell cycle and adipogenic protein expression as well as stimulating lipolysis by enhancing glycerol release and lipolytic proteins expression.
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